JAEVEN B. BAÑAGA DATE PERFORMED: SEPT.

7, 2018
EARTH SCIENCE 11 DATE SUBMITTED SEPT. 13, 2018
MS. MARIE FE SANGALANG

LABORATORY REPORT NO. 1.2

GEOPHYSICAL INVESTIGATIONS

I. INTRODUCTION
We know that Earth’s crust is dynamic; that is, it is changing. Observations as well as
long-term measurements show that the land is being eroded in some places. In other
places the land is pushed up to make mountains.
The data given in this lab report are fictitious. However, the changes in these quantities
are typical of their patterns for planet Earth. These data provide evidence that Earth’s
crust is dynamic: changing in a paradigm that we know today as plate tectonics

OBJECTIVE
After this lab activity, the student/s must be able:
 To use three physical measurements related to surface features on Earth

II. METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS
Paper, pen or pencil, and eraser

PROCEDURE
For this activity, there are three graphs to be plotted. The first graph is asking for the
medium to plot the variations in the strength of gravity in different longitude on a place.
The second graph mainly figures out the location of earthquake foci (hypocenters) on a
place, and it concludes the answers to the most earthquake happening on a crust. Now,
the last graph, asks to make isolines with an interval of 100°C; it determines the internal
temperature of a specific area on the crust.
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III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

FIGURE 1.1

1. According to the data you plotted, at what geographic feature is the

strength of gravity the highest?

The geographic feature that has the highest gravity strength is the ocean ridge.

2. What igneous rock is the most common under the oceans?

The most common igneous rocks under the ocean are basaltic rocks.

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Managed by NORFOLK FOUNDATION, INC.
Kalsangi, Polomolok, South Cotabato
3. Is basalt a low-density or a high-density rock type?

Basalt is a high-density rock type.

4. What igneous rock is the most abundant within the continents?

The most abundant igneous rocks within continents are granite/granitic rocks.

5. Why is gravity slightly weaker on the continents than over the oceans?

The Continents are further from the center of the earth, leaving the oceans to be
closer which means gravity is slightly weaker. This is also due to the underlying
rocks of the two continents: continental crusts have granitic underlying rocks, a
low-density rock, which gives a weak gravity pull; while the oceanic crust have
basaltic underlying rock which gives it a stronger gravity pull, since basalt is a
high-density rock.

6. Near what two surfaces features are earthquakes most common?

The two surface feature which earthquakes are most common are located at
ocean trenches and ocean ridges.

7. Why are only shallow earthquakes abundant near ocean ridges?

I think in deep rock and under trenches the rock isn't brittle enough to transmit some
seismic waves because it is more ductile or liquid under pressures of depth and
temperature. Because the crust near the ocean ridge is shallow as a result of being
located where new oceanic plate is being formed. Here, movement is much simpler
& involves the new plate material spreading out from the mid ridge. 

This contrasts with the subduction zones associated with deep earthquakes &
considerable frictional resistance at destructive plate margins such as the close to
the Pacific coast of the Americas.

8. Why can very deep earthquakes occur under the ocean trenches?

Since in ocean trenches, subduction zones are found, deep earthquakes occur
due to the oceanic crust subducts or goes under the continental crust because it
is denser. This phenomena forms trenches which are the deepest geological
features on earth that is why deep earthquakes occur under ocean trenches

9. What do individual isotherms connect?

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Kalsangi, Polomolok, South Cotabato
An isotherm is a line depicting constant temperature. So an individual isotherm is
connecting constant temperatures in space.

10. Where on Earth might you find an east-west profile like the one in Figure
8-1?

The Andes, along South America

11. Where on the diagram does hot material seem to be rising to the surface?

Ocean ridge

12. Where on the diagram is cool material being drawn into Earth?

Mountain

13. Convection is the circulation of a fluid caused by differences in density.

Draw arrows on the Heat Flow and Earthquake Foci section on Figure 8-1 to
show convection movements within Earth.

IV. CONCLUSION

I conclude that the Earth is in constant motion which is supported by different

geological phenomena like the convection current phenomena which is the
driving force of the plate tectonics to have motion. The crust are classified into
two: continental crust, which is composed of granitic rocks and it is a low-density

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 Dole Philippines School
Managed by NORFOLK FOUNDATION, INC.
Kalsangi, Polomolok, South Cotabato
crust; oceanic crust, high-density crust, is made up of basaltic rocks. The rock
composition of the crust is the main factor of the variations in the strength of
gravity.

Each of the geological features on earth either the continental crust or the
oceanic crust have different depths which determines the locations of earthquake
foci (hypocenters). Earthquakes happen only where the rocks are brittle.
Earthquakes are most common in zones of seismic activity, in this case,
examples are the ocean trench and ocean ridge as shown in the graph 1.2 which
are located between the plate boundaries (divergent and convergent).

V. REFERENCE

http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_is_gravity_slightly_weaker_on_the_contin
ents_than_over_the_oceans

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120201152938AArBFUo