STEEL AND

TIMBER DESIGN

Steel and Timber Design

Instructor:
Engr. Katherine Shayne D. Yee, CE, RMP, ME-1
REFERENCE:
▪ Steel Structures: Design and Behavior by Charles G. Salmon (5th edition)
▪ Steel Design 5th Edition by William T. Segui
▪ National Structural Code of the Philippines 2015 by ASEP
▪ ASEP 2004 Steel Handbook
▪ AISC 360-16 (Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings)
COURSE OBJECTIVES
▪ Expose students to the concepts and fundamentals of steel design

▪ provide design skill to undertake design problems in Steel Construction.

COURSE OUTLINE
▪ Design philosophies
▪ Introduction to Steel Structures
▪ Design of Welded connections
▪ Design of Bolted connections
▪ Design of Tension Members
▪ Design of Compression Members
▪ Design of Column Bases
▪ Design of Beams
▪ Design of Composite Beams
▪ Design of Plate Girders
▪ Introduction to Timber Design
INTRODUCTION TO
STEEL DESIGN
Lecture #1
FOUR STAGES FOR THE ENGINEERING
PROJECTS
Function.

I – Planning Stage. Size.

Cost (Budget)

Architectural
II – Design Stage.

Structural

III – Construction Stage.

IV – Operation and Maintenance Stage.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
▪ It is a mixture of art and science to produce a safe and economical
structure that serves its intended purpose.

• Min. Weight.
• Min. Cost.
• Min Construction Time.
Design is an
optimization process • Min. Labor Force.
• Min. Operational Cost.
DESIGN CYCLE
1: Planning, Function Design.
2: Preliminary Structural Configuration.
3: Establish Load Cases & Load Combinations.
4: Preliminary Member Selection.
5: Structural Analysis.
6: Evaluation of all members to meet strength and
serviceability Criteria.

No
7: Redesign by going to step “3” above.
Yes
8: Final Design thus optimum design is achieved.
LOADS ON STRUCTURES
▪ Dead Loads: Also known as gravity loads, includes the weight of the
structure and all fixed and permanent attachments.
▪ Live Loads: Also belong to gravity loads, but their intensity and
location may vary (non-permanent loads).
▪ Highways / Rail Live Loads: AASHTO, AREA
▪ Impact Loads: Associated with Live Loads.
▪ Snow Loads: 20 to 40 psf (  1000 to 2000 Pa )
LOADS ON STRUCTURES
▪ Wind Loads: Static Wind Pressure = q CeCgCp

where q = Dynamic pressure = 1/2pv2

Ce = Exposure Factor ( 1 to 2 )
Cg = Gust Factor ( above 2 )
Cp = Shape Factor ( about 1.5)
▪ Earthquake Load: Latitude Load on structure.
▪ Thermal Loads: For Indeterminate Structures.
▪ Other Loads: e.g. - Rain Loads - Ponding - Hydrostatic Loads- Blast
Loads.
PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL
▪ If a steel specimen is subjected to an axial load P:
TYPES OF STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTIONS

Steel Structural
• Hot-Rolled Sections.
Sections
• Cold Formed Sections.

• Built-Up Sections.
 HOT ROLLED SECTIONS

W S C L WT or ST
(a) Wide-flange (b) American (c) American (d) Angle (e) Structural (f) Pipe (g) Structural
Shape Standard Standard Tee Section Tubing
Beam Channel

a – Wide-flange : W 18  97
b – Standard (I) : S 12  35
c – Channel : C 9  20
(h) Bars (i) Plates
d – Angles : L 64½
e – Structural Tee : WT, MT or ST e.g. ST 8  76
f & g – Hollow Structural Sections HSS : 9 or 8  8
COLD FORMED SECTIONS

(a) Channels (b) Zees (c) I-shaped double channels

(d) Angles (e) Hat sections

BUILT-UP SECTIONS
Built-up (W) shapes.

Built-up (C) Channels.

Built-up (L) Angles.

TENSION MEMBERS

(a) Round and rectangular (b) Cables composed (c) Single and double
bars, including eye bars of many small wires. angles.
and upset bars.

Perforated
plates

(d) Rolled W – and S – (e) Structural (f) Build-up box

sections. tee. sections.
COMPRESSION MEMBERS

(a) Rolled W-and S- (b) Double (c) Structural (d) Structural (e) Pipe
sections. angles. tee. tubing section

(f) Built-up section

BENDING MEMBERS

(a) Rolled W-and (b) Build-up (c) open web joist.

other I-shaped Sections.
sections.

(d) Angle (e) Channel (f) Built-up members (g) Composite steel-Concrete

13
STEEL STRUCTURES
FRAMED STRUCTURES
SHELL-TYPE STRUCTURE
SUSPENSION-TYPE STRUCTURE
DESIGN PHILOSOPHIES
Steel and Timber Design
ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN (ASD)
▪ A member is selected that has a cross-sectional properties such as
area and moment of inertia that are large enough to prevent the
maximum applied axial force, shear, or bending moment from
exceeding the allowable, or permissible, value.
ALLOWABLE STRESS DESIGN (ASD)
▪ Also called Elastic Design or Working Stress Design.
▪ Working stresses are those resulting from the working loads, which are
the applied loads.
▪ Working loads are also known as service loads.
LOAD AND RESISTANCE FACTOR DESIGN
(LRFD)
▪ Load factors are applied to the service loads, and a member is selected
that will have enough strength to resist the factored loads. The
theoretical strength of the member is reduced by the application of a
resistance factor.
LOAD FACTORS, RESISTANCE FACTORS,
AND LOAD COMBINATIONS FOR LRFD
SAFETY FACTORS AND LOAD
COMBINATIONS FOR ASD
SAFETY FACTORS AND LOAD
COMBINATIONS FOR ASD
PROBLEMS SETS (SEGUI 5TH EDITION)
▪ Problem 2-1 to 2-5
THANK YOU!