MAPUA UNIVERSITY

School of Chemical, Biological, Material Engineering and

Sciences (CBMES)

Experiment No.: 5
Title: Water Analysis: Solids

Group No.: 5
Name: Limboc, April Lyn G.

Pre/Post Lab Quiz

Evaluation
Prelim Data Sheet
Laboratory Attire
Title Page
Report Form
Conclusion

MARILYN A. MIRANDA
Instructor
 Report Form – Data Sheet

Sample Number: 1

Describe the nature of your water sample, i.e. its color, turbidity etc. Colorless, Odorless

A. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Trial 1

1. Mass of evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 26.925 g
2. Mass of water sample plus evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 52.467 g
3. Mass of water sample (g) 25.542 g
4. Mass of dried sample plus evaporating dish (g) 34.131 g
5. Mass of dissolved solids in 25-mL aliquot of filtered sample (g) 7.206 g
6. Mass of dissolved solids per total mass of sample (g solids/g sample) 0.28212 g
7. Total dissolved solids (TDS) or salinity (g solids/kg sample, ppt) 282.12 g/kg,ppt
8. Average TDS of the sample 282.12 ppt
B. Total Solids (TS) and Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
1. Mass of evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 26.217 g
2. Mass of water sample plus evaporating dish (beaker) (g) 51.467 g
3. Mass of water sample (g) 25.250 g
4. Mass of dried sample plus evaporating dish (g) 35.291 g
5. Mass of total solids in 25-mL aliquot of unfiltered sample (g) 9.074 g
6. Mass of total solids per total mass of sample (g solids/g sample) 0.35937 g
7. Total solids (TS, g solids/kg sample, ppt) 359.37 g/kg,ppt
8. Average TS of the sample 359.37 ppt
9. Total suspended solids (TSS, g solids/kg sample, ppt) 77.25 g/kg,ppt
10. Average TSS of the sample 77.25 ppt

Sample Calcukations
 Laboratory Questions

Answers

1. When the water sample is not filtered then this will result into a high TDS (Total
Dissolved Solids) since all the solids, including the TSS (Total Suspended Solids) are
part of the unfiltered water. In measuring for the TDS, the water must be filtered to
remove the TSS and only the dissolved solids will be involved. If the water is unfiltered,
TS is measured thus the results will be misleading.

2. The evaporating dish wasn't properly cleaned of a volatile material before its mass was
determined. When the sample is heated to dryness, the volatile material is removed. As a
 result of this technique error, the reported TDS will be too low. This is because, the mass
of the evaporating dish will be reported as higher compared to the mass of the
evaporating dish after it is heated, and the water evaporated. This discrepancy ultimately
affects the calculated TDS. Also, the measurement of TDS will be affected by this
because the mass of the evaporating dish is used in calculating the mass of the dried
sample of TDS.

3. The dissolved solid signifies towards any salts, minerals, metals, anions, or cations
dissolved in water. The TDS (total dissolved solids) include inorganic salts, like
magnesium, calcium, potassium, bicarbonates, sodium, sulfates, and chlorides, and
certain small concentrations of organic matter, which are dissolved in water.  
In the given case, the reported TDS will be very low, since we can consider that not all
sample was returned, and the weight of the sample is then now influenced taking other
measures accountable for it.  

4. The TDS will be too high because some of the water molecules will be weighed to the
mass of the dried sample or simply put, the sample isn’t completely dry. The TSS, on the
other hand, will be too low because the TDS is subtracted from the TS to obtain the TSS.

5. This will increase the reported TDS because the mass of the moisture will also be
included in the measurement of the mass of the dried sample, which will add up to the
calculation of TDS. Taking into consideration of the possible condensation on the outside
of the evaporating dish is the main argument here.

6. This will result in a too high value for TS because some of the water molecules will be
included to the mass of the dried sample, so TS will increase because it’s the sum of TDS
and TSS.

7.
a) This will not affect the dissolved solids because volatile materials are easily evaporated,
so when the sample was heated it evaporated just as water did.

b) This will result in an unaffected TS because volatile material is evaporated when

heating the sample to dryness.

c) This will not affect TSS because it did not affect bot TDS and TS, which are the used in
calculating for the TS.

8. When several drops of 0.010 M AgNO3 are added to a test sample, a white precipitate
form. One can conclude that from this observation that halides are present in the test
sample. A qualitative test for halides is adding the silver ion, AgNO3, which will result in
a white precipitate, a silver halide precipitate.
 Conclusion

The water that we use every day are actually containing micro-sized solids and organisms
that are left by multiple filers that it undergoes. Through that, we witness that solids may be
present in water that may be seen or invisible with the naked eye. Thus, it is important to know
the different types of solids which dissolved completely or not in the components of water.

Our group has assessed a water sample provided in the lab, obtaining 25 mL of it in every
experiment which we carried out. The water sample includes a dissolved unknown substance,
which gives an odorless and colorless appearance. We were required to take two types of
procedures which at first taking the water sample and evaporating it by evaporating it using a
burner, and an evaporating dish. One experiment involves filtering the sample before evaporating
and the other goes through the same process without any filtering required. The filtered sample
had less, solid granules left in the evaporating dish, while the unfiltered one had more. The latter
also needed more time than the filtered sample since there are impurities present in the unfiltered
sample.

Therefore, throughout this experiment we found errors during the process and we
obtained misleading data showing that TS is more than TDS which in fact is the other way
round. When we tested for the water sample, we were able to carry out the experimental
procedures but maybe the error occurred in our first try since the evaporating dish was not fully
dry which may have caused wrong experimental results. However, the other calculations were
executed fairly, and we were also testing for halides where clouds and silver-like precipitate
appeared due to its differences in densities.