Short-cut Formulas in Finding the Areas of a

Shaded Region Between the Circle and a Square

of an Inscribed Circle in a Square and
Circumscribing Circle to a Square

An Investigatory Paper Presented To:

The Faculty of Tandag National Science High School

Myrvic O. Laorden

S.Y. 2015-2016
 ABSTRACT

The investigator came up with the study because she wanted to help the students in
solving the area of shaded region of an inscribed circle in a square and area of the circumscribing
circle to a square in an easier and faster way. She wanted to widen the knowledge about the
relationship of the two plane figures whether it is inscribed or circumscribed.

In doing such project, she really tried her best to have accurate solutions. She gathered
many reference books as she could and got some information from the internet.

The investigator found out that the new found short-cut formula was derived because
there is a constant relation to the area of the square and the inscribed circle. With the help of the
constant value ( ) that has been calculated, we can easily get the area of the inscribed
circle in a square with the given measurement of the edge; even without the help of the radius of
the circle, through multiplying the constant value ( ) into the area of the square. The new
formula is:
Area of the shaded region = (area of a square) (constant)

In symbols: Ashaded region = ( )

Likewise on the circumscribing circle to a square the new found short-cut formula in
finding the shaded area was also derived. With the help of the constant value ( ) that has
been calculated, we can easily get the area of the circumscribed circle to a square with the given
measurement of the edge; even without the help of the radius of the circle, through multiplying
the constant value ( ) into the area of the square. The new formula is:

Area of the shaded region = (area of a square) (constant)

In symbols: Ashaded region = ( )

The researcher found out that we can now get the area of the shaded region using only the
sides of square with the constant values. So getting away from the tedious long process of
finding the areas of the two figures and their difference.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Chapter I

Background of the Study

Objectives of the study

Significance of the Study

Scopes and Limitations

Review of Related Literature

Chapter II

Materials

General Procedure

Safe – keeping device

Testing the devise

Chapter III

Results and Discussions

Chapter IV

Conclusions and Recommendation

REFERENCES

CURRICULUM VITAE
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The investigator expresses her sincere thanks and heartfelt appreciation to the following

individuals whose invaluable assistance and cooperation made the completion of the study

possible.

To Mr. and Mrs. Romulo T. Laorden the beloved parents as well as the teachers for

guiding her during the investigation and sharing their knowledge not only in mathematics but in

general knowledge that gave them great ideas.

To the rest of the faculty members and students of Tandag National Science High School

for the extra help and understanding.

And above all, God Almighty for the strength and wisdom He had given them to

accomplish this study.

 Chapter I

Introduction

Background of the Study

In most complex problem in Geometry, finding the area of shaded region of an inscribed

circle in a square and a circumscribed square in a circle are often given. Solving the area of the

shaded region in an inscribed circle is quite time-consuming. We need to get first the area of a

square, and the area of a circle using their formulas which is: and

respectively. After getting the area of square and circle, we can now find

the area of shaded region of an inscribed circle in a square by subtracting the area of square

minus area of a circle, or .

Moreover, to get the area of the shaded region of a circumscribing circle, when given an edge of

a square, the main astray to this problem is that we cannot directly get the area of a circle

because we need to find first the diameter of the circle by using the Pythagorean Theorem since

upon doing such, we only get the length of the hypotenuse of a square which is congruent to

diameter of a circle. After getting the diagonal of a square, which is also the diameter of a circle,

we can now start solving the areas of the two plane figure using again the formula written above

and of the same process in finding the area of the shaded region of a circumscribing circle to a

square which is .

Answering these kind of problems especially in mathematical competitions need to be

exact but consumes less time in order to win. In coherence, the researchers wanted to help math

wizards to achieve these requirements in order to attain an accurate answer in a short span of
time, by finding a short-cut formula in finding the shaded region of to plane figure when

inscribed or circumscribed.

Objectives of the Study

1. To determine the constant value that can be used in making an easier equation to find the

area of the shaded region between the circle and a square of a circle inscribed in a square

and for that circle circumscribes a square.

2. To derive short-cut formula in finding the area of shaded region between the circle and a

square of an inscribed circle in a square.

3. To derive short-cut formula in finding the area of the shaded region between the circle

and a square in a circumscribing circle to a square.

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is that it can add new knowledge in the field of

Geometry, specifically about deriving short-cut formula in finding the area of shaded

region of an inscribed circle in a square and area of the shaded region of a circumscribing

circle to a square. It can give the students an easier way to find the area, even if given

only the length of side of a square which it circumscribe or in which it is inscribed. It

would be of great help to the students, especially those who join in math contests.

Scopes and Limitations

This study is only limited to the use of short-cut formula in finding the area of shaded

region of an inscribed circle in a square and area of the shaded region of a circumscribing circle

to a square.
Review of Related Literature

Circle

The word "circle" derives from the Greek κίρκος/κύκλος (kirkos/kuklos), itself

a metathesis of the Homeric Greek κρίκος (krikos), meaning "hoop" or "ring". The origins of the

words "circus" and "circuit" are closely related. E Circle was known before the beginning of the

history records and have been observe in the images like Moon, Sun, and a short plant stalk

blowing in the wind on sand, which forms a circle shape in the sand. The inventors of wheel,

which, with related inventions such as gears that makes much of modern machinery possible got

an idea in circle. In mathematics, the study of the circle has helped inspire the development of

geometry, astronomy, and calculus.

In mathematics, a careful distinction is made between the parts of circle, its primary parts

(circumference, arcs and center) and its secondary parts (radii, diameter, chord, secant and

tangent)

Area of the Circle

The distance around a circle is called its circumference. The distance across a circle

through its center is called its diameter. We use the Greek letter (pronounced Pi) to represent

the ratio of the circumference of a circle to the diameter. In the last lesson, we learned that the

formula for circumference of a circle is: . For simplicity, we use = 3.14. We know
from the last lesson that the diameter of a circle is twice as long as the radius. This relationship is

expressed in the following formula: .

The area of a circle is the number of square units inside that circle. If each square in the

circle to the left has an area of 1 cm2, you could count the total number of squares to get the area

of this circle. Thus, if there were a total of 28.26 squares, the area of this circle would be 28.26

cm2 However, it is easier to use one of the following formulas:

or

where is the area, and is the radius and = 3.14 in our calculations.

Inscribed circle

An inscribed circle is the largest possible circle that can be drawn on the inside of a plane

figure. For a polygon, each side of the polygon must be tangent to the circle

In geometry, an inscribed planar shape or solid is one that is enclosed by and "fits

snugly" inside another geometric shape or solid. To say that "figure F is inscribed in figure G"

means precisely the same thing as "figure G is circumscribed about figure F". A polygon

inscribed in a circle, ellipse, or polygon has each vertex on the outer figure. Common examples

of inscribed figures include circles inscribed in triangles or regular polygons, and triangles or

regular polygons inscribed in circles.

Circumscribed circle

In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle which

passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called

the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius.

A polygon which has a circumscribed circle is called a cyclic polygon (sometimes a concyclic

polygon, because the vertices are concyclic). All regular simple polygons, isosceles trapezoids,

all triangles and all rectangles are cyclic.

A related notion is the one of a minimum bounding circle, which is the smallest circle

that completely contains the polygon within it. Not every polygon has a circumscribed circle, as

the vertices of a polygon do not need to all lie on a circle, but every polygon has a unique

minimum bounding circle, which may be constructed by a linear time algorithm. Even if a

polygon has a circumscribed circle, it may not coincide with its minimum bounding circle; for

example, for an obtuse triangle, the minimum bounding circle has the longest side as diameter

and does not pass through the opposite vertex.

Square

A Square is a flat shape with 4 equal sides and every angle is a right angle (90°). It is also

fits the definition of a rectangle (all angles are 90°), and a rhombus (all sides are equal length). It

has properties of:

 All sides are equal in length

 Each internal angle is 90°

 Opposite sides are parallel (so it is a Parallelogram)

 Diagonals are equal

Area of a Square

If the sides of a square have length s, the perimeter of the square is simply four times the

length of a side, represented algebraically by the formula P = 4s. The area of a square is

determined by multiplying the length of a side by itself:

Area = s2 = s × s

Units

Remember that the length of an edge and the area will be in similar units. So if the edge length is

in centimeter(cm), then the area will be in square centimeter(cm2) and so on.

 Chapter II

Methodology

Materials

 Drawing materials

 Ruler

 Paper and pencil

 Calculator

 Compass

General Procedure

Finding the short-cut formula of the area of shaded region between the circle and a square of

inscribed circle in a square

The investigators assigned different lengths of the edge of the square from 1cm-10cm.

They then solve for the area of the shaded region of inscribed circle in a square using the existing

formula, A= for square and A= for circle. Further, they compared the formula of finding

area of the two plane figures and look for their common. Then, they solve for the constant value

by rewriting the factors, putting common factors outside parenthesis. The investigators simplify

the values inside the group symbols to get the constant value, and formulated a new

formula/relation in finding the area of shaded region of inscribed circle in a square using the

measure of the edge of inscribing square. Refer to Table 1

Derivation for the short-cut formula in finding the shaded area between the square and a

circle of an inscribed circle in a square:

S
Let s be the length of an edge of a square:

Provided that the radius of the circle is equal to ½ of the edge of the square; r = s and

Substituting the value of radius using the side s:

( )

A= A= ( ) A= ( )

A= ( )

Derivation of new formula:

Area of the shaded region = (area of a square) (constant)

In symbols: Ashaded region = ( )

Finding the short-cut formula of the area of shaded region between the circle and a square of

circumscribed circle to a square

Likewise, the investigators assigned lengths of the side of the square from 1cm-10cm.

Next, they solve for the lengths of the radius using the Pythagorean Theorem. Then using the

original formula (A= and A= ), the area of shaded region of circumscribed circle to a

square are solved. They they compared the formula of finding area of the two plane figures and

look for their common. Then, they solve for the constant value by rewriting the factors, putting

common factors outside parenthesis. The investigators simplify the values inside the group

symbols to get the constant value. After such, they derived new formula/relation in finding the

area of shaded region of circumscribed circle to a square using the measure of the edge of

inscribing square.

Derivation for the short-cut formula in finding the shaded area between the circle and a

square of a circumscribed circle to a square:

Let r be the radius, s be the length of an edge of a square:

Provided that the radius of the circle is equal to ½ of the edge of the square; r = s and

Before we can solve the shaded area, we need first to solve the diameter of a square

which is equal to the diagonal of a square. Using the Pythagorean Theorem where
c is the hypotenuse, a and b are sides of a square. Since hypotenuse is equal to the diagonal and

diameter of a circle and a and b are also the sides of the square, we can solve using this pattern:

( )

Solving the shaded region using or r = , therefore

( )

A= ( ) A= ( ) A= ( )

A= ( )

Derivation of new formula:

Area of the shaded region = (area of a square) (constant)

In symbols: Ashaded region = ( )

Safe-keeping Device

Finding new thing is equivalent of putting new responsibility. That’s the reason why in

every devices you bought, it includes the passport with the terms and condition so that

consumers will be responsible.

 In making this study the researchers are also very careful and give more time and efforts

to evaluate this study and determine how useful and effective it is in the part of the learners.

Testing the Device

Table 1 and two shows the affeciency of the new derived short-cut formula in finding the

area of shade region of an inscribed and circumscribed circle about a square.

 Chapter III

Results and Discussion

Tabulated result of finding relation of Inscribed Circle in a Square given the length

of an edge of a Square

Table 1 (Inscribed circle in a square)

New found short-cut formula in finding the shaded area of inscribed circle in a square

Constant
Shaded Area using
Length Value to be
Area of a Area of a Shaded Area Derived Formula
of the multiplied Remarks
Square Circle using
Edge to the Area
( )
of Square

Exactly the
1 cm 1 0.785 0.215 0.215 0.215
same
Exactly the
2 cm 4 3.148 0.860 0.215 0.860
same
Exactly the
3 cm 9 7.069 1.935 0.215 1.935
same
Exactly the
4 cm 16 12.566 3.440 0.215 3.440
same
Exactly the
5 cm 25 19.635 5.375 0.215 5.375
same
Exactly the
6 cm 36 28.274 7.740 0.215 7.740
same
Exactly the
7 cm 49 38.485 10.535 0.215 10.535
same
Exactly the
8 cm 64 50.265 13.760 0.215 13.760
same
Exactly the
9 cm 81 63.617 17.415 0.215 17.415
same

Exactly the
10 cm 100 78.540 21.500 0.215 21.500
same
 Table 1 reveals that the constant value of 0.215 when multiplied to the area of the square

gave exactly the value using the subtraction method. The investigators verified the table and

found out that the new found short-cut formula in finding the area of the shaded region of an

inscribed circle in a square is equal to the area using the usual method.

Table 2(Circumscribing circle to a square)

New found short-cut formula in finding the shaded area of circumscribing circle to a square

Constrant
Shaded Area using
Length Value to be
Area of a Area of a Shaded Area Derived Formula
of the multiplied to Remarks
Square Circle using
Edge the Area of
( )
Squarea
Exactly the
1 cm 1 0.1.57 0.570 0.57 0.570
same
Exactly the
2 cm 4 6.28 2.280 0.57 2.280
same
Exactly the
3 cm 9 14.13 5.130 0.57 5.130
same
Exactly the
4 cm 16 25.12 9.120 0.57 9.120
same
Exactly the
5 cm 25 39.25 14.250 0.57 14.250
same
Exactly the
6 cm 36 56.52 20.520 0.57 20.520
same
Exactly the
7 cm 49 76.93 27.930 0.57 27.930
same
Exactly the
8 cm 64 100.48 36.480 0.57 36.480
same
Exactly the
9 cm 81 127.17 46.170 0.57 46.170
same

Exactly the
10 cm 100 157 57.000 0.57 57.000
same
 Table 2 reveals that the constant value of 0.57 when multiplied to the area of the square

gave exactly the value using the subtraction method. The investigators verified the table and

found out that the new found short-cut formula in finding the area of the shaded region of

circumscribed circle to a square is equal to the area using the usual method.
 Chapter IV

Conclusion

 Inscribed circle in a square

The researchers therefore conclude that the new found short-cut formula was derived

because there is a constant relation to the area of the square and the Inscribed circle. With the

help of the constant value ( ) that has been calculated, we can easily get the area between

the circle and a square of the inscribed circle in a square with the given measurement of the edge;

even without the help of the radius of the circle, through multiplying the constant value

( ) into the area of the square.

 Circumscribing Circle to a Square

The researchers therefore conclude that the new found short-cut formula was derived

because there is a constant relation to the area of the square and the circumscribed circle. With

the help of the constant value ( ) that has been calculated, we can easily get the area

between the circle and a square of the circumscribed circle to a square with the given

measurement of the edge; even without the help of the radius of the circle, through multiplying

the constant value ( ) into the area of the square.

Recommendation

Based from the findings and conclusions of the research, further studies must be

conducted to validate the use of the new found formulas can be used in other plane figure that is

also inscribed and circumscribed.

REFERENCES

Microsoft Encarta Dictionary

Microsoft Encarta Premium DVD 2009

Internet Explorer

Calculator
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name: Myrvic O. Laorden

Nickname: Gaga

Age: 15 years old

Parents: Mr. Romulo T. Laorden

Mrs. Mia O. Laorden

Hobbies: Dancing, Singing, Playing the guitar, reading, watching tv, surfing
the internet

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Special Science Elem. School

Tandag City

High School: Tandag National Science High School

Tandag City