College of Engineering

Name of Student:________________________ Year/Section : BSME 5

Subject: Industrial Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems Teacher: Emmanuel P. Miguel

MODULE No. #1 , Prelims

TITLE: Air Conditioning
OVERVIEW It includes the study of conditioning of air, cooling and heating. It aims to
nourish learners on how air conditioning systems are designed.
INTRODUCTION Air conditioning is the simultaneous, control of temperature, humidity, air
movement, and the quantity of air in a space.
LEARNING At the end of this module, the learners are able to:
OUTCOMES
1. Discuss the importance and functions of air conditioning.
2. Perform an air-conditioning load calculation
LEARNING 1. Learners gain knowledge regarding the important applications of air
OBJECTIVES conditioning
2.Perform an air conditioning load calculation
Contents

I. Air conditioning and terms

II. Humidity Ratio
III. Relative Humidity
IV. Enthalpy
V. Specific Volume
VI. Dry Bulb Temperature
VII. Dew Point Temperature
VIII. Psychrometry
IX. Exercises problems

I. Air Conditioning

Air conditioning is the simultaneous, control of temperature, humidity, air movement, and the quantity of
air in a space.

Moist air is a binary mixture of dry air and water vapor.

Dry air is the non-condensing components of the mixture, mainly the nitrogen and the oxygen.

Vapor is the condensable component of the mixture, the water vapor or steam which may exist in a
saturated or superheated state.

Saturated air means that the vapor in the air is saturated.

Unsaturated air is containing superheated vapor.

II. HUMIDITY RATIO, W, (moisture content, mixing ratio or specific humidity), W is the ratio of the

mass of water vapor to the mass of dry air.

 ps
 0.622
Pt  P s

II. RELATIVE HUMIDITY ,  , is the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the

air to the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature of the air.

EXAMPLE PROBLEMS:

1. Compute the humidity ratio of air at 65 per cent relative humidity and 34°C when the barometric
pressure is
101.3 kPa.

ANSWER

IV. ENTHALPY, H, of a mixture of dry air and water vapor is the sum of the enthalpy of the dry
air and the enthalpy of the water vapor. Enthalpy values are always based on some reference
condition, and the zero value of the dry air is chosen as air at O°C and the zero value of the
water vapor is saturated liquid water at O°C.
Example 2.
What is the enthalpy of the air-vapor mixture in example 1?

answer

V. SPECIFIC VOLUME is the number of cubic meters of mixture per kilogram of dry air.

RaT RT
v  a
Pa Pt  Ps

Example 3.

What is the specific volume of an air-vapor mixture at 30 oC and a relative humidity of 40 per cent
at 101.3 kPa pressure?

answer

VI. DRY BULB TEMPERATURE, Td, is the temperature of air as registered by an ordinary
thermometer.
Wet bulb temperature tw, is the temperature of air as registered by a thermometer whose bulb is covered
by a wetted wick and exposed to a current of rapidly moving air.

Wet bulb depression is the difference between the readings of the wet and dry bulb thermometers.

VII. DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE TDP, is the saturation temperature corresponding to the

actual partial pressure of the steam in air or the temperature at which condensation of moisture
begins when the air is cooled at constant pressure.

Degree of saturation u is the ratio of the air humidity ratio W to the humidity ratio W of saturated air at
the same temperature.

Example 4.
 A mixture of dry air and water vapor is at a temperature of 21°C under a pressure of 101.3
kPa. The dew point temperature is 15°C.

Find : (a) partial pressure of water vapor,

(b) relative humidity,
(c) humidity ratio,
(d) enthalpy,
(e) specific volume, and
f) degree of saturation.
VIII. PSYCHROMETRY

- - is the study of the properties of mixtures of air and water vapor.

Psychrometric properties are the properties of moist air.

A psychrometric chart is a graphical representation of the thermodynamic properties of moist air.

The Psychrometric Chart , English Units
Psychrometric Chart , SI and English Units
Psychrometric chart, SI units
Properties of Moist Air,
Example 5. A certain air has a dry bulb temperature of 34 deg C. and a wet bulb temperature of
25 deg.C. Determine:
a. the relative humidity
b. the dew point temperature
c. the humidity ratio
d. the specific volume
e. the enthalpy

Solution.
a. By the use/help of the psychrometric chart , the ff. are found.
IX. EXERCISES PROBLEMS

Solve each problem with complete Solution. Each Problem, Answer are provided as a key to
solutions. Use of psychrometric chart is allowed or by fomulas .

1. Calculate the specific volume of an air-vapor mixture in cubic meters per kilogram of dry air at
the following conditions t = 32°C, W = 0.016 kg/kg, and Pt == 100 kPa.

Ans. 0.899 cu.m/kg

2. Moist air at a dry bulb temperature of 25°C has a relative humidity of 50 per cent when the
barometric pressure is 101.4 kPa.
Determine: (a) the partial pressures of water vapor and dry air,
(b) the dew point temperature,
(c) the specific humidity,
(d) the specific volume, and
(e) the enthalpy.

Ans. (a) 1.5855 kPa, 99.81 kPa; (b) 13.9°C,

(c) 0.00988 kg/kg, (d) 0.857 cu m/kg, (e) 50.32 kJ/kg

3. Air at a temperature of 33°C has a relative humidity of 50 per cent.

Determine: (a) the wet bulb temperature,
(b) the dew point temperature,
(c) the humidity ratio,
(d) the enthalpy, and
(e) the specific volume.

Ans. (a) 24.5°C, (b) 21.4°C, (c) 0.016 kg/kg, (d) 74 kJ/kg, (e) 0.887 cu. m/kg