Power Electronics Lab Manual EC624

EC 625: Power Electronics
Laboratory Manual
(Software Based)
Spring Semester
CHANDIGARH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (DEGREE WING)

Government Institute under Chandigarh (UT) Administration | Affiliated to Panjab University, Chandigarh
Sector-26, Chandigarh. PIN-160019 | Tel. No. 0172-2750947, 2750943
ECE Department
Power Electronics Laboratory
List of Experiments
S.No. Aim of Experiment Remarks

1. Introduction to Simulink/MATLAB for power electronics
2. To study single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier
with R load
with R - L load

with R - L load with free-wheeling diode.
with R L- E load
with R L- E load with free-wheeling diode.
7. To study single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with
R load
R-L load
R-L load with Free-wheeling diode
R-L-E load
R-L-E load with a Free-Wheeling diode
12. To study single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with
R load
R-L load
R-L load with a Free-wheeling diode
R-L-E load
R-L-E load with Free-Wheeling Diode
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EXPERIMENT 1
Aim: Introduction to Simulink/MATLAB for power electronics.
Software Required: MATLAB Simulink
Theory:
Simulink is a simulation and model-based design environment for dynamic and embedded
systems, integrated with MATLAB. Simulink, also developed by MathWorks, is a data flow
graphical programming language tool for modelling, simulating and analysing multi-domain
dynamic systems. It is basically a graphical block diagramming tool with customizable set of
block libraries.
It allows you to incorporate MATLAB algorithms into models as well as export the simulation
results into MATLAB for further analysis.
Simulink supports −
 system-level design
 simulation
 automatic code generation
 testing and verification of embedded systems
Simulink is capable of systematic verification and validation of models through modelling style
checking, requirements traceability and model coverage analysis.
Simulink Design Verifier allows you to identify design errors and to generate test case scenarios
for model checking.
Using Simulink
To open Simulink, type in the MATLAB work space −
simulink
Simulink opens with the Library Browser. The Library Browser is used for building
simulation models.
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On the left side window pane, you will find several libraries categorized on the basis of various
systems, clicking on each one will display the design blocks on the right window pane.
Building Models
To create a new model, click the New button on the Library Browser's toolbar. This opens a
new untitled model window.
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A Simulink model is a block diagram.

Model elements are added by selecting the appropriate elements from the Library Browser and
dragging them into the Model window.
Alternately, you can copy the model elements and paste them into the model window.
Examples
Drag and drop items from the Simulink library to make your project.
For the purpose of this example, two blocks will be used for the simulation - A Source (a
signal) and a Sink (a scope). A signal generator (the source) generates an analog signal, which
will then be graphically visualized by the scope (the sink).
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Begin by dragging the required blocks from the library to the project window. Then, connect the
blocks together which can be done by dragging connectors from connection points on one block
to those of another.
Let us drag a 'Sine Wave' block into the model.
Select 'Sinks' from the library and drag a 'Scope' block into the model.
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Drag a signal line from the output of the Sine Wave block to the input of the Scope block.
Precautions:
1. Make sure Library for Power Electronics is also downloaded while installation of MATLAB.
2. Make sure block elements of same libraries are being attached while drawing circuits.
3. Make sure the circuit is saved before running.
4. Check for circuital errors.
5. Set the running time according to frequency of source used.
6. In case sine wave is not shown accurate then select ode45 solver by pressing CTRL + E on
simulink screen.
Result: Single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R load has been
studied.
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EXPERIMENT 2
Aim: To study single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R load.
Software Required: MATLAB Simulink
Circuit Diagram:
Theory:
A half wave rectifier is defined as a type of rectifier that only allows one half-cycle of an
AC voltage waveform to pass, blocking the other half-cycle. Half-wave rectifiers are used to
convert AC voltage to DC voltage, and only require a single diode to construct.
When a standard AC waveform is passed through a half-wave rectifier, only half of the AC
waveform remains. Half-wave rectifiers only allow one half-cycle (positive or negative half-
cycle) of the AC voltage through and will block the other half-cycle on the DC side.
Procedure:
1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

2. Select the following components from Library Browser.
a. Power Diode
b. AC Voltage Source
c. Load Resistance
d. Load Inductance
e. Voltage Measurement
f. Current Measurement
g. Scope
3. Make the connections as given in the figure.
4. Set the values accordingly
a. AC Source 220V, 50 HZ
b. Load Resistance = 100 ohm
c. Load Inductance = 0.013 H
Note: Take the value of resistance according to your Roll No accordingly.
5. Right Click on the scope and select number of input ports and its layout
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6. Now Run the Program and Open Scope.

7. Output will be shown in a pop-up window.
Observation:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R load has been
studied.
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EXPERIMENT- 3
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R - L load.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Introducing of Inductance in load leads to continuous flow of current i0 , even after source voltage
vs , has become negative. Current flows until whole value of energy stored by L is released. The
average voltage across inductor is zero.
Average value of output voltage.
V= 1 2π0V mSin t.d(t)
= V2π(1-cosβ)
m
Average value of load or output current.
I=VR= V2πR(1-cosβ)
m
Where β = Conduction angle of the diode
Procedure:

a. Power Diode
c. Load Resistance
d. Load Inductance
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g. Scope
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R L load has been
studied.
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EXPERIMENT- 4
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R - L load with
free-wheeling diode.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Performance of single-phase diode rectifier with RL Load can be improved by connecting a

freewheeling (or flywheel) diode across the load. Just after wt = π, as v s tends to reverse,
negative polarity of vs reaches cathode of FD through conducting diode D, whereas positive
polarity of vs reaches anode of FD directly. Thus, FD gets forward biased. As a result, load
current is immediately transferred from Diode to FD as vs tends to reverse.
Procedure:

a. Power Diode
c. Load Resistance
d. Load Inductance
g. Scope
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R L load with free-
wheeling diode has been studied.
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EXPERIMENT- 5
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R L- E load.
THEORY:
When the switch is closed at wt = 0 or when V s = 0, the the diode would not conduct at because
diode is reverse biased until source voltage Vs = E. When Vmsinθ1 = E, diode starts conducting
and turn on angle θ1 is given by
1 =EVm
The diode now conducts from wt = θ to wt = (π- θ), i.e. conduction angle for diode is (π- 2θ ).
1 1 1
During the conduction period of diode, voltage equation for the circuit is
Vmsinωt=E+i0R
i0= Vmsinωt-ER
Average value of this current is given by
I0= 12πR[1π-1Vmsinωt-Ed(ωt)]
12πR[2Vmcos1- Eπ-21]
The diode now conducts from wt = θ1 to wt = (π- θ1), i.e. conduction angle for diode is (π- 2θ 1).
During the conduction period of diode, voltage equation for the circuit is
Procedure:

a. Power Diode
c. Load Resistance
d. Load Inductance
e. DC Battery
f. Voltage Measurement
g. Current Measurement
h. Scope
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d. DC Voltage = 50V
7. Output will be shown as given below.
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R L- E load has been
studied.
EXPERIMENT- 6
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R L- E load
with free-wheeling diode.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Performance of single-phase diode rectifier with RLE Load can be improved by connecting a
freewheeling (or flywheel) diode across the load.
The effects of using a freewheeling diode are as under:
a. It prevents the output (or load) voltage from becoming negative.
b. System efficiency is improved.
c. The load current waveform is more smooth, therefore load performances is improved.
Procedure:

a. Power Diode
c. Load Resistance
d. Load Inductance
e. DC Battery
h. Scope
d. DC Voltage = 50V
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier with R L- E load with
free-wheeling diode has been studied.
EXPERIMENT- 7
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AIM: To study single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R load.
Circuit Diagram:
THEORY:
During the positive half cycle of supply voltage, the SCR is forward-biased and will conduct if a
trigger is applied to the gate. If the SCR turns on at t w load current flows and the output voltage
V0 will be same as input voltage. At time t = π, the current falls natural to zero, since the SCR is
reversed biased. During the negative half cycle, the SCR blocks the flow of current, and no
voltage is applied to the load. The SCR stays off until the gate signal is applied again at (t 0 + 2π).
The period from 0 to t0 represents time in positive half cycle when SCR is off. This angle is
called firing angle of delay angle(α). Th SCR conducts from t 0 to π; this angle is called
conduction angle(θ).
The average dc voltage is given by
where Vm = Maximum AC voltage =
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Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
c. AC Voltage Source
d. Load Resistance
g. Scope
c. Pulse Generator Amplitude = 220V
d. Pulse Generator Period = 0.02s
e. Pulse Width = 10%
f. Phase Delay = 0.002
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R load has been studied.
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EXPERIMENT- 8
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load.
Circuit Diagram:
THEORY:
In R-L Load controlled rectifier, if the SCR is triggered at a firing angle of α, the load current
increases slowly, since the inductance in the load forces the current to lag the voltage. The
voltage across the load (VO) is positive, and the inductor is storing energy is reverse-biased.
However, the energy stored in the magnetic field of the inductor is returned and maintains a
forward-decaying current through the load. The current continues to flow until β (called the
advance angle), when the SCR turns off.
The voltage across the inductor then changes polarity, and the voltage across the load becomes
negative. As a result, the average output voltage becomes less than it would be with a purely
resistive load. The waveforms for output voltage and current are shown in Figure 3(b), they
contain a significant number of ripples.
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The average load voltage is given by
VO(avg) = (Vm (cos α – cos β )) / 2π
Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
e. Load Inductance
h. Scope
c. Load Inductance =
d. Pulse Generator Amplitude = 220V
e. Pulse Generator Period = 0.02s
f. Pulse Width = 10%
g. Phase Delay = 0.002
7. Output will be shown as given below
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load has been
studied.
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EXPERIMENT- 9
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load with
Free-wheeling diode.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
To cut off the negative portion of the instantaneous output voltage and smooth the output current
ripple, a freewheeling diode is used. When the load voltage tends to reverse, the FWD becomes
forward-biased and turns on. The SCR then becomes reverse-biased and turns off. Therefore, the
current that was flowing from the source to the load through the SCR now freewheeling between
the load and the diode. Note that the current continues to flow in the load after the SCR is turned
off, due to the energy stored in the inductor. The output voltage is the same as in a circuit with a
resistive load.
Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
e. Load Inductance
f. Power Diode
g. Voltage Measurement
h. Current Measurement
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i. Scope
c. Load Inductance = 0.001H
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load with
freewheeling diode has been studied.
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EXPERIMENT- 10
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
e. Load Inductance
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f. Power Battery
i. Scope
h. DC Voltage = 50V
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load has been
studied.
EXPERIMENT- 11
AIM: To study single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load with a
Free-Wheeling diode.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
e. Load Inductance
f. Power Diode
g. Power Battery
h. Voltage Measurement
i. Current Measurement
j. Scope
h. DC Voltage = 50V
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Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, half wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load with free-
EXPERIMENT- 12
AIM: To study single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R load.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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THEORY:
A single wave, full wave rectifier is shown above. When a is positive with respect to b, diodes
D1 and D2 conduct together so that the output is Vab. Each of the diodes D3 and D4 is subjected
to a reverse voltage of Vs. When b is positive with respect to a, diodes D3 and D4 conduct
together so that the output is Vab. Each of the diodes D1 and D2 is subjected to a reverse voltage
of Vs.
Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
g. Scope
c. Pulse Generator 1 Amplitude = 220V
d. Pulse Generator 1 Period = 0.02s
e. Pulse Generator 2 Amplitude = 220V
f. Pulse Generator 2 Period = 0.12s
g. Pulse Width = 10%
h. Phase Delay = 0.002
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Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R load has been studied.
EXPERIMENT- 13
AIM: To study single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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THEORY:
The output load current of the converter comprises of two components per
cycle. One component flows when thyristors S1 and S2 are fired and connects
the supply voltage to the load and the other component flows when thyristors
S3 and S4 are turned on again connecting supply voltage to the load. Since
both components of current are identical, only one component will be studied.
For the interval α ≤ ωt ≤ (α + π) the load current is given by (at ωt = α, iL = IL0 )
The current magnitude at the end of the first component of load current is the
same as that at the beginning of the second component of load current, that is
at ωt = π+ α, iL = IL0 and the current IL0 can be obtained by substituting this
condition in the above equation which yields
The value of firing angle α at which current IL0 = 0 can be obtained for known
values of the parameters in the above equation, using an iterative method.
The rms value of thyristor current is given by
The rms output current is given by
The average output current is given by

Idc = IA + IA = 2IA
The average current of one thyristor is given by
Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
e. Load Inductance
h. Scope
c. Load Resistance = 0.001H
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d. Pulse Generator 1 Amplitude = 220V

e. Pulse Generator 1 Period = 0.02s
f. Pulse Generator 2 Amplitude = 220V
g. Pulse Generator 2 Period = 0.12s
h. Pulse Width = 10%
i. Phase Delay = 0.002
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load has been
studied.
EXPERIMENT- 14
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AIM: To study single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load with a
Free-wheeling diode.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:
Performance of single-phase diode rectifier with RL Load can be improved by connecting a

Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
e. Load Inductance
h. Scope
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Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L load with free-
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EXPERIMENT- 15
AIM: To study single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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THEORY:
Average Load/Output Voltage

Average Load/Output Current
Vo = IoR + E
E = armature back emf.
For fully controlled rectifier, the DC Motor operates in two modes.

1. Rectification [As Motoring]
V0 = positive
E = Positive
Io= positive
Power Flow (+ve) from input AC to DC machine
2. Inversion [As Regenerative Braking]
V0 = negative
E = negative
Io= positive
Power Flow (-ve) from DC machine to AC supply
The output voltage can be varied from a maximum of 2Vm/π to a minimum of zero as the firing
angle a varies from zero to π. The rms output voltage is given by
Procedure:

a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
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e. Load Inductance
f. Power Battery
i. Scope
j. DC Voltage = 50V
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load has been
studied.
EXPERIMENT- 16
AIM: To study single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load with
Free-Wheeling Diode.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
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THEORY:
Procedure:
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a. Thyristor
b. Pulse Generator
d. Load Resistance
e. Load Inductance
f. Power Diode
g. Power Battery
h. Voltage Measurement
i. Current Measurement
j. Scope
j. DC Voltage = 50V
Observations:
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Precautions:
Result: Single phase, full wave, controlled (diode based) rectifier with R-L-E load with free-
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EC 625: Power Electronics

CHANDIGARH COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY (DEGREE WING)

S.No. Aim of Experiment Remarks

4. To study single phase, half wave, uncontrolled (diode based) rectifier

A Simulink model is a block diagram.

Software Required: MATLAB Simulink

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

6. Now Run the Program and Open Scope.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

Average value of output voltage.

V= 1 2π0V mSin t.d(t)

Average value of load or output current.

Where β = Conduction angle of the diode

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

Performance of single-phase diode rectifier with RL Load can be improved by connecting a

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

Average value of this current is given by

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

The effects of using a freewheeling diode are as under:

a. It prevents the output (or load) voltage from becoming negative.

b. System efficiency is improved.

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

The average dc voltage is given by

where Vm = Maximum AC voltage =

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

The average load voltage is given by

VO(avg) = (Vm (cos α – cos β )) / 2π

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

The effects of using a freewheeling diode are as under:

a. It prevents the output (or load) voltage from becoming negative.

b. System efficiency is improved.

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

6. Now Run the Program and Open Scope.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

The rms output current is given by

The average output current is given by

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

d. Pulse Generator 1 Amplitude = 220V

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

Performance of single-phase diode rectifier with RL Load can be improved by connecting a

The effects of using a freewheeling diode are as under:

a. It prevents the output (or load) voltage from becoming negative.

b. System efficiency is improved.

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

Average Load/Output Voltage

For fully controlled rectifier, the DC Motor operates in two modes.

1. Open MATLAB Simulink. A blank window will appear.

SOFTWARE REQUIRED: MATLAB Simulink

The effects of using a freewheeling diode are as under:

a. It prevents the output (or load) voltage from becoming negative.

b. System efficiency is improved.