Type of housing

&
Improvement scheme

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS, HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 Type of Housing
There are so many different names used to describe buildings
where people live.
Housing types according to their physical
composition are basically categorized
under two main divisions
(A)Free-standing or detached dwellings
(B) Attached or multi-user dwellings

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Both classes may vary greatly in scale and amount of accommodation
provided.
Although there appear to be many different types, many are purely
matters of style rather than spatial arrangement or scale.

Twin house or Semi- detached : One building consisting of two

separate "houses", typically side by side, each with
separate entrances and without common
inside areas. Each of the two houses has
separate owners.

Two-unite or Duplex house: A building basically like a house, built on

a house lot, consisting of an apartment taking up the first floor, and
another taking up the second floor. usually a common basement, a
common front entrance, foyer, and stairs to the second floor, and often a
similar back entrance, foyer, and stairs.
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Three-unite or Triplex :
A building similar to the duplex,
except there are three apartments
over each other.

Four-unite or four-plex :
A building similar to the duplex,
except there are four apartments.
In some cases, the arrangement of
apartments may be different and
the lot size may be larger than that
of a regular house.

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Terraced house or Row house or Townhouses,
Houses attached to any number of other houses.
Each house may have multiple floors, side by side, each with
their own separate entrances.
Originally associated with the working class. In many cities
terraced housing was favored over the apartment building.

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
2-Shop-house (mixed use building form):
It consists of shops on the ground floor which open up to a public in a
covered passage, and which has residential accommodation upstairs.
The shop houses would adjoin each other to form rows with regular
façade.
This mixed use building form characterizes the historical Centre of most
towns and cities.

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Apartment building:
A building with multiple floors containing multiple apartments
on each floor. Apartment building can range in many sizes,
some with only a few apartments, other with hundreds of
apartments on many floors, or any size in between. There are
often inside hallways and inside entrances to each apartment.

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 3-Apartment building (high Rise):
Apartment blocks have technical and economic
advantages in areas with high population density.

•They have become a well-known form of housing

accommodation in almost all densely populated urban
areas around the world.

•In contrast with low-rise and single-family houses,

apartment blocks accommodate more inhabitants per
unit of area of land, and also decrease the cost of
public infrastructure.

•In recent years, they have become popular with their

excellent views, desirable locations and architectural
styles, and now command high prices.

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 Single Housing types:
A penthouse apartment penthouse
apartment is an apartment which is a
single dwelling that is on the highest floor
of an apartment building.
If more than one apartment is on the
floor then it is not a penthouse, it would
just be called a top floor flat or
apartment.
These
structures do
not occupy
the entire
roof deck
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 Free-standing or single
family detached
dwellings
A bungalow is a type of
single-story house that
originated in India.
•In America a bungalow
describes a medium to large
sized freestanding house on a
big block in the suburbs, with
generally less formal floor plan
than a villa.
•Some rooms in a bungalow typically have doors which link them together.
•Today, in Britain and North America a bungalow is a residential house, normally
detached, which is either single story, or has a second story built into a sloping
roof.
•While the concept of a bungalow is simple, there are a number of variations
types and styles of bungalows.
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
A villa originated from Roman times,
when it was used to refer to a large
house which one might retreat
to in the country.
In the late 19th and early 20th century,
a villa is a freestanding comfortable
sized house, on a large
block, generally found in the suburbs.
A villa was originally an upper-class
country house, though since its
origins in Roman times.
In modern parlance it can refer to a
specific type of detached suburban
dwelling.
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
A Mansion is a very large house, usually of more than one
story, on a very large block of land.
•U.S. define a mansion as a dwelling of over (740m2).
•A traditional European mansion was defined as a house
which contained a ballroom and tens of bedrooms. •In the past, it was
fashionable for the elite society of
Europe to follow from “country home” to country home,
so unfortified country houses displaced castles.
•Until World War II it was not unusual for a moderately sized mansion in
England such as Cliveden to have an indoor staff of 20 and an outside
staff of the same size.
•The 19th century saw particularly in
the United States a new type of
mansion being built, often smaller
than the older European mansions.

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
A Cottage is a
small house.
•In the U.S. a cottage
typically has four main
rooms, two either side
of a central corridor.
•In Australia, it is
common for a cottage
to have a verandas
across its front.
•A cottage is a modest dwelling, typically in a rural, or semi-rural location
(although there are cottage style dwellings in cities).
•often located near a body of water. However, this is more commonly
called a "cabin“ in North America.
•Most buildings known as cottages are used for weekend or summer
getaways by city dwellers.
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 TOWNHOUSE
A townhouse was historically in
the United Kingdom, Ireland
and in many other countries, a
residence of a member of the
aristocracy in the capital or
major city.
•Most such figures owned one
or more country houses in
which they lived for much of
the year.
•During the social season(when major balls and drawing rooms took place),
and when parliament was in session, peers and their servants moved to live
in their townhouse in the capital.
•In North America and Australia, the term town house is also commonly
used to refer to what is known as “terraced housing” in Britain
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Main Refence -
The main reference: A PDF paper prepared for the Northwest Corridor Development Approach,
USA, June 2005, by: The Metropolitan Design Center | College of Architecture and Landscape
Architecture | University of Minnesota

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Housing Characteristics:
Due to rapid rural migration & the dispropotenslaty higher number of small nuclear families in
urban center has generally driven down the national average house hold size 4.5 person per DUs
urbanisiation

Height (Stories) 1 to 2
2 to 3
4 to 8
9
Doorways/ Entries Parking Private Open Space Potential Neighborhoods
Individual Access for Each Unit Located on Street Individual Yard for All Unit Rural Residential
Shared Access to Portion of Units Located On-Site Individual Yard for Some Units Suburban Residential
Shared Access to All of Units Located in building Shared Common Area Traditional residential
x Limited Common or Private Yard Major corridor
x Walkable Commercial
Average house hold size
Access to safe water supply = paid
Safe toilet facility=
Safe cooking fuel
Main source of light= electricity

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
HOUSING DESIGNCONSIDERATIONS
Housing Types
Homes can either be stand alone or cluster units. Stand alone refers to individual houses while
cluster units refer to individual homes that share walls. It is important to consider and analyze the
advantages and disadvantages of these building styles before moving forward with preliminary
designs.

Cluster Units Stand Alone Housing

Uniformity Increased potential for personalization

Conserve space Occupy more space

Cheaper More expensive

Less heat loss More heat loss

Decreased privacy Increased Privacy

Less windows/ light More windows/ light

Decreased ventilation Increased ventilation

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
 Cluster Units

There are a wide range of cluster unit possibilities and considerations. Row housing refers to
housing units that share walls and conserve space through a horizontal focus. There are four main
styles of row housing units. These styles are illustrated in the illustration below. Solid lines
represent shared walls, while dashed lines show walls that are unshared.

The most common row housing style is simple row units. In simple row units, each unit shares two
side walls with a neighbour while the front and back walls are open to the street or yard. Typically,
the units are the same or extremely similar in design. In back-to-back row housing, not only do the
units share side walls, but they also share back walls. Often back-to-back style units will utilize the
entire lot between two roads. Although back-to-back style units create even more free space, the
disadvantages of privacy, light, and ventilation are also heightened. Quarter detached units are most
commonly used as the end units of a simple row. Similarly, semi detached units are often used as
the end units of a back-to-back row
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Whereas row housing conserves space horizontally, high rise buildings
conserve free space in a vertical fashion. In a high rise building, family
units are built one on top of each other. The amount of free space
conserved in a high rise building is directly proportional to the number of
units that are stacked on top of each other. Therefore, a three story, three
family building will save three times as much space as if there were three
individual houses
“Tall Poppy Syndrome.”
Utilizing the Environment
Building shape and orientation are important considerations for design.
The first step toward utilizing the environment is taking advantage of the
sun’s energy.
During the winter months, residents will be able to use the sun’s energy
as an alternative source of heat.
The second step is to consider the building’s shape. In the winter months,
the sun passes low on the horizon and the temperature is quite low.
One of the biggest problems in the summer is ventilation and keeping
the house cool. The easiest way to keep the home cool is reduce solar
heat gain. An area in the shade will be cooler than an area in direct sun
light. By creating an awning over the window, residents can shade their
home from the sun during the summer months and still let heat in during
the winter month

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Roofs
Roofs are an important consideration when designing new buildings
Varying roof styles are an effective way to protect a building from the elements. When choosing a
roof, the cost, build time and ease of installation should be taken into consideration. Another
aspect that should be considered is the particular weather patterns of the region. Below is a brief
bulleted summary of four traditional roof styles

Gable Roof
• Most common roof typeGable Roof
• Second easiest to build after flat and shed style roofs
• Accommodate a variety of ventilation techniques

HIP ROOF
• Almost as popular as Gabled roofs
• Most difficult to build
• Difficult to ventilate
• No valleys on the ends eliminate leaks and wear
• Most effective protection from the elements when built correctly
• Expensive

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
FLAT ROOF
• Easiest to build
• Can be built quickly
• Difficult to ventilate
• Prone to leaks, wear and may sag
• Inexpensive
SHED ROOF
• Slope of 16 cm per metre or greater
• Slopes of 42 cm per metre can last as long as gable roofs
• Easy to build
• Generally, wear quickly
• Prone to leaks, shifting and sagging
• Inexpensive
In addition to roof style, the material a roof is made from is another extremely effective way to
protect a building from the elements. Different roof coverings vary in cost and durability
Asphalt Shingle
• Last 15-30 years
• Most popular
• Second layer can be added without having to
replace original
• Easy to install
• Low maintenance
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Rolled Asphalt
• Lasts 10 years
• Ideal for flat or low sloped roofs
• Easy to install
• High maintenance
• Inexpensive

Tile
• Lasts more than 50 years
• Fireproof
• Waterproof
• Requires a strong roof frame
• Little to no maintenance
• Concrete tiles are less expensive and more readily available than clay tiles
• Expensive

Tin
• If installed correctly can last a life time
• Fireproof
• Cannot be corroded by water or salt
• Little to no maintenance
• Aloud when it rains
• Extremely inexpensive
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Tin roofs are affordable and durable. Tin roofs withstand the elements very well. They are also
very easy to install. Furthermore, it’s extremely cheap price make it a good choice for new housing.

Interior Layouts
The number of rooms varies from shack to shack within Residential area. There are a few rooms
consistent through most houses.
A lounge/ living & dining is a room used for socializing and eating. It should be the first room in
the house. It generally has couches or chairs and probably a table. The kitchen is often directly
connected to the lounge, sometimes even without a wall to divide them. The kitchen is a place for
cooking and socializing. It can contain a fridge, sink, stove and small table or counter for food
preparation. Other rooms that shacks may have are bedroom(s) and a washroom. The bedroom
can be one large room for one or more beds or subdivided with walls. The team has proposed that
the second floor of redeveloped housing is on large room for bedrooms. The residents could
subdivide the room as they see fit. Toilets for most houses are communal, but as for wash rooms,
they are generally located adjacent to the bedroom and would have a shower and sink.

PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
PHYSICAL HOUSING TYPES, HOUSING CHARACTERSTICS , HOUSING
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS