CHAPTER TEST

1.1. INTRODUCTION
HOUSING- generally living spaces
• Refers to the construction and assigned usage of houses or buildings
collectively.
• Purpose: sheltering people
• Ensuring that members of society have a home in which to live
• Whether this is a house, or some other kind of dwelling, lodging, or shelter
• Many governments have one of more housing authorities sometimes also called a
housing ministry or housing department
• In the limited area of architectural theory particular to housing, type provides the
most pervasive intellectual and practical framework.

TYPE
• Generic form of housing, replicated across cities, countries, and epochs
• Widely understood, although their origins are sometimes lost in history and culture.

APARTMENT TYPES:
• Tower • Walk-up
• Slab • Courtyard
• Street wall • Gallery access

Much recent focused on HYBRIDS:

• A combination of several models or types;
• A bespoke or deluxe version of a type, in which its character overwhelms the
types basic logic;
• Site-specific response;
• Unusual juxtapositions of uses or adapted uses, such as industrial to
residential conversions.

APARTMENT BUILDINGS:
• Determined by the relationship to the street and lot boundaries
• The footprints related to the lot
• The passage from the street through the vertical and horizontal common circulation
to the dwelling
• The number and distribution of dwellings in relation to the common and exterior
spaces and the section.

HIGH DENSITY
-is often concentrated along main roads and local centers, preserving the majority
of high amenity land for low-density individual houses. Many opportunities exist for
higher density housing across the middle ring of suburbia.

1.2. HOUSING AS DISTINCT FROM HOUSES

All mass housing is forcefully tied to land and constructional economies. Many new
houses have a commissioning client, their brief tailored to be spoke requirements.
While project homes sell bulk area at cheap cost, sometimes architects designed
houses have generous budgets, allowing sectional play, complex inside/ outside
relationships and an essay of fine materials and fitments.

• By contrast, in multiple housing, future residents are unknown and more prone to
clump over the building, have extended life.
• Clients for such housing, tend to be agents, not the future occupiers: developer,
speculator, builder, lender, marketer, variously from private, institutional or
public sectors.
• In apartment buildings, areas tend to tighter, relationships to the outside more
concise, sections usually a repeated stack.
• Housing contains common as well as private spaces entry, stair, lift, gardens,
carparks, utilities and occasionally roof terraces.

HOUSING AS FABRIC OF THE CITY

• Public Space, the streets, parks, promenades, and infrastructure usually occupy
30-40 % of the urban footprints.
• This is the long-established base in most cities, across continents and culture,
with the structure claiming the greatest quantity of urban space.
• Housing dominates the remainder- perhaps as high as 80 % of the combined
area of each city’s blocks.
• Blocks bind the subdivision pattern the enduring layer that is akin to the city’s
DNA.
• Housing is inextricably tied to this lot structure. So, the form and density of the
city’s housing hugely contribute to its urban character and therefore way of life.
• the house orient to its private backyard, discouraging interaction with the street
and park. Designing mid-rise apartment to address the streets and park can
promote social inclusion and interaction.

RICH ARCHITECTURAL TRADITIONS

• the architectural history of housing reveals the interplay of multifarious types-

• from the ROMAN INSULAE, their brick and concrete mass molded by proto-
metropolitan pressures, to the medieval townhouse (often an adaptable mix of
workplace, home and lodging) on narrow-fronted lots squeezed within the walled
town.
• There are borrowed models, such as the export of Paris Place des Vosges (the
original Royal Square) via Inigo Jones Covent Garden to become the archetype
in London’s square of elite speculations.
• Hybrid too are not new, as Pierre Fontaine and Charles Percier’s Rue de Rivoli
is a street wall residential transposition of the parti of Andrea Palladio’s Basilica
in Vicenza.

PHILIPPINE PERSPECTIVE ON HOUSING

• FACTORS THAT AFFECT HOUSING NEEDS
The first step in buying a home knows what type of housing best suits your family
needs. Housing needs very according to family life stages, or your perception of
what you need in a house.
• CLIMATE- can vary from warm to cold and from dry to humid
• LOCATION – the specific placement of a home
• COST- a crucial factor in housing needs for almost everyone
• TASTE- this is the sense of what is fitting, harmonious or beautiful
• LIFESTYLE- when selecting a home, one needs to consider the lifestyle of all
members of the family
 HOUSING PROBLEM
• Migration
• Robust Population Growth
• Poverty Due to Unemployment
• Industrialization
• Minimum Wage

GOVERNMENT HELPS TO SOLVE HOUSING PROBLEMS

• Government funded housing was established after the need for safe and
affordable housing presented itself.
• Once created, low-income families were provided with a roof over their head
that they could afford.
• Government funded housing is not just reserved for apartments, but single-family
homes.
1.2.3. HOUSING IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Characterized by continuing demand for affordable housing units in response to
increasing population and housing size, both in urban and rural areas.
• The Philippine Housing Industry believes that every Filipino family has the right to
live with dignity in the comfort of one’s own home regardless of economic status.
It aims to eliminate the housing backlog by the year 2030.

GENERAL REVIEW OF HOUSING

• Philippine have beautiful architecture, there are lot of beautiful, over decorated
houses, but this architecture style mask the fact that they have one of the smallest
houses in the world.
• Filipinos are also one of the shortest people in the world, but I still see their homes
ridiculously small. Bedrooms around 6-7 sqm, making 3 bedrooms houses to be
about 50 sqm, size comparable with Hong Kong Apartments despite of much larger
countries. Worse than this, most apartments are studios or one bedroom,
compared with Hongkong which is dominated by 2-3 bedrooms. In subdivisions,
built by major real estate developers, houses are usually 2-3 bedrooms.
• EXAMPLE: Forbes Park Subdivision
Makati, Philippines
(Arranged home price 5 million dollars)
• TYPICAL PHILIPPINE HOUSES Metro Manila near Makati
• New housing states (called subdivisions) are being built by private developers at
city outskirts less-dense developments, and large open spaces, gated
communities with guards, clubhouse with swimming pool.
• The fastest developing cities are Dasmarinas, Bacoor, and Imus (30 km south
from downtown Manila, within Cavite province), here are the most subdivisions and
most beautiful architecture, less slums, and more wealthy people.

HOUSING PROBLEM (SOCIAL ISSUES)

• MONEY
• AVAILABILITY OF LAND
The Philippine is best with huge backlog in providing for land securities and
housing for the poor. Two basic problems being faced by the government in
realizing successful housing programs are:

OTHER ISSUES HAMPERING PRO-POOR LAND AND HOUSING PROGRAMS

• High transaction costs due to the confusing and unclear Land Use Policies
• Non- cooperation of land owners to engage in the Community Mortgage
Programs (CMP)
 • Misinterpretation and/or non-implementation of Local Government Unit
(LGU)
• Other problems pertaining to housing is the provision of the land and
housing to internally displaced person (IDPs) due to natural hazards and
armed conflicts

INFORMAL HOUSING
The magnitude of the housing need (defined as the backlog plus new household)
is staggering and has been estimated to reach more than 3.7 million in 2010. In
Metro Manila alone, the total backlog (to include new household) has been
projected to reach close to 500, 000 units.
• Addressing the backlog will roughly require about three thousand hectares of land
if designed to accommodate detached housing units, a prospect that suggest the
need for a higher density housing strategy if the housing defined as to be effectively
addressed.
• Beyond the provisions of housing by the public sectors, new approaches are
needed especially, since rural-urban migration is expected to continue and will
exacerbate the housing problem.
HOMELESS
• In cities of industrial countries, the numbers of homeless people have increased,
and their existence has become a social problem since 1980s.
• in cities of developing countries, the numbers of street homeless who cannot live
even in squatters’ area have increased since the end of 1990s
• these people face serious problems in surviving on the streets. Ther are an urban
minority deprived of human rights and excluded from society.
• However, the program of the street has not yet been constructed as social problem
in developing countries because it is overwhelmed by the large-scale squatter
problem. The street homeless have been regarded as part of the squatters
homeless.
1.2.4. HOUSING AND THE GOVERNMENT AND ITS DELIVERY PROCESS SYSTEM

HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT COORDINATING COUNCIL

• Created thru executive order no. 90, is the highest policymaking in coordinating
office on shelter. It is an umbrella organization which consists of heads of different
housing agencies.

NHA (NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY)

• Is a government-owned and controlled corporation operating under the policy of
administrative supervision of the HUDCC. The NHA in the sole government
agency to engage in the shelter production, focusing its effort to provide to
homeless, low-income Filipino families.

PAG-IBIG FUND (Pagtutulungan sa Kinakabukasan: Ikaw, Bangko,

Industriya at Gobyerno)
• To provide its member with adequate Housing through an effective savings
scheme, Pag ibig Fund harness these four sectors of Philippine society, financial
institutions, the industrial sector, the government, and Filipino people. The Fund
was created to address two of the nation’s basic concerns: A. Generation of
saving B. Providing shelters for Filipino workers.

HLURB (Housing and Land Regulatory Board)

• Is a National Government Agency tasked as the planning regulatory and quasi-
judicial body for land use development, real estate and housing regulation. These
roles are done via a triad of strategies namely, policy development, planning and
regulation.
 HGC (Home Guaranty Corporation)
• Is the government owned and controlled corporation (GOCC) mandated by the
law (Republic act 8763) to promote sustainable home ownership by providing risk
coverage or guarantees and tax/fiscal incentives to banks and financial
institutions/investors granting housing development loans/ credits, and home
financing as HGC focuses on promoting home ownership to middle and low-
income families.

NHMFC (National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation)

• Mandate of increasing the availability of affordable housing loans to finance the
Filipino home buyers’ acquisition of housing units through the development and
operation of a secondary maker of home mortgage.

SHFC (Social Housing Finance Corporation)

• A. To undertake social housing programs that will cater to the formal and informal
sectors in the low-income bracket.
• B. To take charge of developing and administering social housing program
particularly the community mortgage Program (CMP) and the ABOT-KAYA
PABAHAY FUND (AKPF) Program.