INTRODUCTION

• House or home is a basic

need for human being.
• Housing does not mean only
houses.it is much more than
a physical entity which is
called a house.
PERSPECTIVES OF HOUSING
MULTIPLE UNITS

• Housing essentially means multiple

units of dwelling so that it creates aINDIVIDUALITY community

community.
HOUSING
• For this multiple units must have some
essential services like the drinking affordability services

water,sanitation and accessibility.

• Capability and capacity of purchasing or livelihood

owning a house which is termed as

housing affordability.
 HOUSING
It means dwellings Housing and flats
provided for people. considered collectively.
-(webster’s dictionary) -(oxford dictionary)

It refers to the activity , a process

of residing as well as to the objects
of dwelling and their environment.
-(UN Habitat global housing)
 It is a social rented , affordable
rented and intermediate housing
provided to eligible households
whose needs are not met by the
market . Elegibility is determined
AFFORDABLE HOUSING with regard to local incomes &local
house prices.
-(national planning policy
framework,2012)

HOUSING

More than a roof over one’s head.it

also means adequate
ADEQUATE HOUSING
privacy ,adequate space ,physical
accessibility ,adequate security etc.
SIGNIFICANCE OF HOUSING
• Shelter is one of the basic need o human being.
• House construction is one of the earliest practice .
• In the absence of house people make slums ,squatters , and
unintended settlements.
• Since housing as a predominant landuse of any city or village
Therefore, planning and designing of housing and human settlement
is crucial to make our country beautiful.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF HOUSING
• The housing is being classified on the following basis separately:
• Land ownership
• Origin/supply
• Structural quality
• Economic groups
• Typology of built form
• Suppliers /origin
• Functionality
BASED ON LAND-OWNERSHIP
• Housing can be categorized into :
• a freehold property.
• leasehold property.
• rental housing.
 BASED ON ORIGIN/SUPPLY
Organic housing
• This mechanism is unplanned and results as a natural growth of settlements, be it a town
or a village.
• These settlements have evolved over time without any conscious measures taken for
their growth and that have now been included in the urban development. These
settlements are not illegal and therefore cannot be termed informal. (Sivam, A. 2003)
Formal housing
• This refers to the planned delivery of housing by the public sector, private sector or
collaboration between the public and private sector.
• Formal developments are those that have the legal sanction of planning agency prior to
development, have been developed within the framework of government rule,
regulations and controls and have the minimum required quality of environment and
infrastructure. (Sivam, A. 2003)
 Informal Housing
• The informal housing supply is characterized by illegal settlements
in the form of slums, squatters and pavement dwellings.
• Informal housing sector development is perhaps consequences of
some significant issues always happening in cities of developing
countries.
BASED ON ECONOMIC GROUPS
• Housing is also classified based on the socio-economic classes slated
to occupy them. Accordingly, they are classified as
• High Income Group (HIG),
• Middle Income Group (MIG),
• Lower Income Group (LIG) and
• Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) housing typologies.
BASED ON BUILT FORM
• Housing typologies are also classified into
• high rise, 11floors
• mid rise ,5-11 floors
• low rise ,4floors
• A high rise or ‘tall’ building is a multi-story multi-dwelling unit
structure on which the occupants depend upon elevators to reach
their destinations.
BASED ON STRUCTURAL QUALITY

• Based on the dwelling structure, census of India defines houses into

• kutcha houses,
• pucca houses and
• semi – pucca houses.
• The census defines a kutcha house as a house with mud, thatch walls and
thatch roofs, i.e., walls made of grass, leaves, reeds etc., and roof or similar
materials.
• Pucca house is the one of which predominant materials of the wall are burnt
bricks, G.I. Sheets or other metal sheets, stone, cement,etc.
• Houses which do not fail within the pucca/ kutcha category are categorized
as semi- pucca houses.
BASED ON FUNCTIONALITY
• There are various special categories of housing which are distributed according to their
functionality. They are enumerated as under:
• Transit house : These are privately owned houses which are rented on an hourly basis by
companies for their employees who are travelling.
• Extreme weather house : Popularly made by using prefabricated structures, an extreme
weather house incorporates all the necessary services in a compact and modular form. Portable
Igloos are a common example of such houses.
• Old age/senior citizens housing: Sometimes called as old age home or retirement home, this
housing typology is a multi-residence housing facility intended for senior citizens.
• Working women/men home/hostels : These are budget oriented inexpensive lodging spaces,
usually rented by working, usually young individuals, for a specific period of time.
• Service apartments : A serviced apartment is a fully furnished apartment available for both
short-term as well as long-term stays, providing all the hotel-like amenities, such as having
room service, a fitness center, a laundry room, and/or a recreation room.