FORMULAS FOR INTERFERENCE (PRESS & SHRINK)

FIT CALCULATIONS
Interference fit formulas for press fit and shrink fit calculations.

Differential radial interference due to Poisson’s effect of axial force (upoisson)

2F vh Dhi 2F vs Dso
upoisson = −
2 2 2 2
π(D − D )Eh π(Dso − Dsi )Es
ho hi

Differential thermal radial interference due to different operation and assembly temperatures for different materials (uthermal)

uthermal = ΔT (αs − αh )Dhi /2

Hub radial displacement due to rotation (uh,cfg)

2 2 3 2 2 2
ρh w (1 − v ) Dhi (D + D ) Dhi D Dhi
h ho hi ho
uh,cf g = [−( ) + (3 + vh ) { ( ) + }]
8E h 2 4(1 + vh ) 2 8(1 − vh )

Shaft radial displacement due to rotation (us,cfg)

2 2 3 2 2 2
ρs w (1 − vs ) Dso (Dso + Dsi ) Dso Dsi Dso
us,cf g = [−( ) + (3 + vs ) { ( ) + }]
8E s 2 4(1 + vs ) 2 8(1 − vs )

Maximum diametrical interference (∆)

Δ = (Dso + Δs,+tol ) − (Dhi − Δh,−tol ) + 2(upoisson + uthermal + us,cf g − uh,cf g )

Interference pressure as a result of diametrical interference (p)

Δ
P =
2 2 2 2
Dhi D +D Dso Dso +D
ho hi si
( + vh ) + ( − vs )
2 2 2 2
Eh D −D Es D −D
ho hi so si

Radial stress on hub due to interference pressure (σr,pressure)

σr,pressure = −P

Circumferential stress on hub due to interference pressure (σθ,pressure)

2 2
D + D
ho hi
σθ,pressure = P ( )
2 2
D − D
ho hi

Axial stress on hub due to axial force (σz)

4F
σz =
2 2
π(D − D )
ho hi

Shear stress on hub caused by torque (τ)

 16T Dhi
τ =
4 4
π(D − D )
ho hi

Circumferential stress on hub due to centrifugal effect (σθ,cfg)

2 2 2 2
pw (3 + vh ) D D 1 + 3vh Dhi
hi ho
σθ,cf g = ( + − )
8 4 2 3 + vh 4

Von Mises stress at the hub surface (σVM)

2 2 2
(σr − σθ,pressure − σθ,cf g ) + (σθ,pressure + σθ,cf g − σz ) + (σr − σz )
√ 2
σV M = + 3τ
2

Radial stress on shaft due to interference pressure (σr,pressure)

σr,pressure = P

Circumferential stress on shaft due to interference pressure (σθ,pressure)

2 2
D + D
so si
σθ,pressure = P ( )
2 2
Dso − Dsi

Axial stress on shaft due to axial force (σz)

4F
σz =
2 2
π(D − D )
so si

Shear stress on shaft caused by torque (τ)

16T Dso
τ =
4 4
π(Dso − Dsi )

Circumferential stress on shaft due to centrifugal effect (σθ,cfg)

2 2 2 2
pw (3 + vs ) D D 1 + 3vs Dso
si so
σθ,cf g = ( + − )
8 2 4 3 + vs 4

Von Mises stress at the shaft surface (σVM)

2 2 2
(σr − σθ,pressure − σθ,cf g ) + (σθ,pressure + σθ,cf g − σz ) + (σr − σz )
√ 2
σV M = + 3τ
2

List of Parameters :
F: Axial force to be transmitted
T: Torque to be transmitted
νh:Poisson’s ratio of hub
νs:Poisson’s ratio of shaft
Di: Hub inner diameter
Dho: Hub outer diameter
Dsi: Shaft inner diameter
Dso: Shaft outer diameter
Eh: Hub elastic modulus
Es: Shaft elastic modulus
 ΔT: Temperature difference between operating and assembly conditions
αs: Thermal expansion coefficient of shaft
αh: Thermal expansion coefficient of hub
ρ: Density of the shaft/hub material

Supplements:
Interference (press & shrink) fit calculator

Reference:
Slocum, A. H., Precision Machine Design, © 1995, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI. (first published by Prentice
Hall in 1992), pp 387-399

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