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Tricks in Set Induction
Tricks in Set Induction
Objectives
Tricks in Set Induction aims to:
Teacher carries out set induction which attracts pupils’ attention / stimulates pupils’ mind / is
directed towards pupils’ mental readiness
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1.2. Method
Tricks in Set Induction can be carried out
as below:
i. Demonstrations
ii. Hands-on activities
iii. Discussions
Teacher’s Demonstration
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1.3. Activity
”The Curious Comb”
”Shadow O Shadow”
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Topic Related: Steps: Questions Asked:
Light 1. Select one pupil to shine a torch on the What can you see on
white wall / screen. the wall / screen?
Objective:
2. Ask other pupils to move their hands up What is the
To demonstrate and down in the light making the shadow colour of the
how a shadow is on the wall / screen. shadow?
formed and to
3. Move the hands backward and forwards
create some
to see the sizes of the shapes.
shadow picture
using this
information
Materials
needed:
Torch light or
desk lamp, a
darkened room, a
white wall or
screen
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Topic Related: Steps: Questions Asked:
Materials
needed:
balloon
rubber band
candle
polystyrene cup
lighter
”Rolling Can”
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Energy
1. Make a hole at the top and bottom of a tin What can you
Objective: can. observe?
To understand 2. Insert a rubber band through the hole. How to make the
that energy can can move faster or
be transformed 3. At one end, put a paper clip to the rubber slower?
from one form to band, while on the other end, insert an
another. ice-cream stick to it.
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Ice Cube Necklace What's going on?
States of Matter This trick will keep you amused. All you need is a piece of
string, some ice cubes in water and a sprinkle of salt. Pure water freezes at 0°C.
Adding salt or any other soluble
1. Float a few ice cubes in a material (like sugar) reduces the
Objective: glass of water. freezing temperature of water.
Seawater contains roughly 35
grams of salt per litre (that's
about two teaspoons per cup)
Understand water and freezes at -1.8°C. But keep
adding salt and the freezing
in the form of temperature of water can drop
as low as -21°C!
solid, liquid and Salt and other solutes
2. Wet a piece of cotton string (substances that dissolve)
gas with water. Lay the string on top reduce the freezing point
of the ice cubes. because they disrupt the crystal
structure of ice and reduce the
concentration of pure water. At
Materials 0°C, the molecules in pure
water form very strong bonds
needed: with each other which "locks"
them into position to form the
solid we call ice. If foreign
3. Sprinkle salt all over the string molecules such as sodium and
and wait for about 5 or 10 chlorine (the ingredients in
Ice cubes common table salt) squeeze
seconds.
between water molecules, these
Thread bonds can't form.
Any reduction in the
Glass concentration of pure water
depresses the freezing point. So
A bottle of salt the higher the salt
concentration, the lower the
4. Now lift the string and the ice freezing point.
cubes will be stuck to it. Makes a
pretty cool necklace eh? Cool? When you sprinkle salt onto an
ice cube, the local salt
Boom-boom! concentration skyrockets and
the freezing point comes
tumbling down. But the melting
water flows off the cube and
flushes some of the salt away
which reduces the local
concentration on top. The lower
salt concentration raises the
freezing point again so the
water refreezes. As it does, it
traps the string and you've
caught yourself an ice cube!
“Blooming Balloons”
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1.What did you
States of Matter 1. Ask a pupil to inflate a balloon, tell him / observe?
her not to blow too hard.
Pupils will observe
the pin will go
2. Stick a piece of adhesive tape on the through the tape and
balloon. the balloon, without
bursting it.
balloon, adhesive
tape,skewer / long
wire / satay stick
and scissors
Reference:
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Balloon Shish Kebab
This is a classic trick everyone should know. All you need is a shish kebab skewer and a balloon, and a bit of
confidence that it will work!
(Note: this trick always works with high quality balloons but beware cheap ones!)
1. Inflate a balloon so that it is no longer than your shish kebab
skewer.
2. Carefully poke the pointy end of the skewer into the centre of
the dark spot on top of the balloon.
Hold your balloon up to a light so you can see where the skewer is
inside.
The balloon didn’t pop and you can even carefully take the skewer out
again. Amazing.
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What's going on?
When you inflate a balloon, nearly all the rubber stretches... a lot! As the rubber stretches, it
gets a lot thinner too. But the dark spot at the top, and the area around the knot are not
stretched much, if at all. The spots are dark because they're thicker then the rest of the
inflated balloon.
The tension in the rubber of an inflated balloon causes even the tiniest tear to grow very fast.
As soon as a tear appears, the tear races around the balloon and it pops with a loud bang.
But in the dark spots at the top and bottom of a balloon there is no tension, so a tiny tear
won't grow here and the balloon won't pop.
Balloons are made by dipping metal moulds into liquid latex. The dark spot at the top is a
result of this process. There's a great photo of a balloon production line at the website below.
“Rain Drops”
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Topic Related: Steps: Questions Asked:
Materials
needed:
ice cubes
jar
hot water
tray
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Topic Related: Steps: Questions Asked:
Materials
needed:
½ of red cabbage
2 beakers
Baking soda
Blender / grater
”The Moonlighting”
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1. Prepare 2 identical round shaped mounting
The Earth, The boards. What did you
Moon and The (with black and white colours) observe?
Materials
needed:
2 rounded shape
with equal size
(black and white),
Railing made of
polystyrene
”Standing Toothpicks”
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1. Ask pupils to build a model of Can your model
Strength and any animal using materials stand ?
Stability given.
What can you
2.Put the models on the table. observe?
Objective:
3.Shake the table. Which model fall
Understanding the first?
stability of a 4.Observe what happen.
Toothpicks
Toothpick
Cork
Cork
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there within the
Objective: 2. Ask the pupils to form a shape?
certain shape using a rubber
Understanding the band. ( The number of pins
constellation. representing a group
3. Pupils explain the shape that they made. of stars that form a
constellation )
needed:
Polystyrene
Pins
Rubber bands /
strings
polystyrene
“Enchanted Egg”
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without smashing it. Push carefully. ( The the bottle?
an activity during egg will not get into the conical flask ) ( No )
Science Week or
3. Remove the egg and drop a burning Now, can the egg get
Science Fair. paper into the conical flask. Quickly put into the bottle?
the egg again onto the mouth of the ( Yes )
conical flask.
Inference :
4. Observe what happen to the egg. ( The
Materials egg will get into the conical flask by itself ) (When the burning
paper uses up the
needed: oxygen and goes out,
the air pressure
conical flask, decrease, sucking
the egg into the flask)
boiled egg,
match,
a piece of paper
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an activity during in the classroom
which produce
Science Week or
electricity?
Science Fair.
What will happen to
the bulb?
Note:
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Collected from Teaching K-8 Magazine (Written by Dennis Mckee)
Primary Science
Teaching Theory and Practice (John Sharp, Graham Peacock, Rob
Johnsey, Shirley Simon, Robin Smith)
Websites
http://jc-schools.net/ppt.html
http://www.doscience.com/
http://www.abc.net.au/science/surfingscientist/tricks.htm
http://www.boyslife.org/hobbies-projects/funstuff/1374/amazing-science-
tricks/
PLANNING INVESTIGATIONS
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What do we want to change?
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Using common objects around the house, you can demonstrate cool scientific laws. Here’s
how:
Editor’s Note: Make sure an adult helps you with these experiments.
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A Can That Can “Walk”
Place an empty aluminum can on its side on the floor. Blow up a balloon and tie a knot in the
end. Rub a tissue back and forth on the balloon.
When you put the balloon near the can, the can will start rolling toward the balloon.
How Does It Work?
When you rub the balloon with a tissue, the balloon gets a negative electric charge of several
thousand volts. When you put the balloon near the can, electrostatic induction affects the
molecules in the metal. The outside of the can gets a positive charge, so it is drawn toward
the balloon and starts rolling in that direction.
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A Flying Trash Bag
Hold the mouth of a black trash bag in one hand. Use a hair dryer to blow hot air into the bag.
Seal the mouth of the bag with tape. Tie a long piece of string around the tape so you can
hold it. Take the bag out into the sun. The bag will rise slowly into the air. (It’s best to do this
trick in an open area on a windless day.)
How Does It Work?
Since the bag is black, it absorbs heat from the sun. That heat makes the air inside the bag
expand and become lighter. When the bag and the air inside are lighter than the surrounding
air, the bag starts to rise.
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Darken the room and cover part of a flashlight with your fingers to make the beam narrower.
When you take the cap off the bottle, the water will flow out in an arc. Shine the flashlight at
the stream from the side of the bottle opposite the hole. The light will bend with the arc and
create a bright glow where the water hits the sink.
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Get a piece of dark construction paper or tear out a page from a magazine that is printed on
both sides. Roll up the paper into a four-inch-long tube. When you hold the tube against the
envelope, you’ll be able to read the writing inside.
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Toothpick Torpedo
Dab a little shampoo on the blunt end of a wooden toothpick.
Drop the toothpick in a pan of water. The toothpick will start moving in the direction of the
sharp end.
To learn more amazing science tricks, check out the book “Amazing Science Tricks” by
Michio Goto
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