Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

California State University, Fullerton

EGCE 435: Design of Hydraulic Structures
Homework # 4

Q1. Water flows through a sudden contraction in a horizontal plane, passing from a 60 cm pipe to a 30 cm
pipe. The pressure on the upstream side of the contraction is 280 kP a and on the downstream side is
265 kP a. Determine the flow rate.

Q2. A 75 m long cast iron pipe, 15 cm in diameter, connects two tanks (open to the atmosphere) that
have a water surface elevation difference of 5 m. The entrance of the pipe from the supply tank is square
edged, and the pipe contains a 90◦ bend with a sharp, 15 cm radius. Determine the flow rate in the
pipe. Use f =   0.25 2
e/D
log + 5.74
3.7 Nr0.9

Q3. A 75 f t pipe must transport 2.5 cf s of water from a head tank to a cooling pond. The elevation
difference between the tank and the pond is 4.6 f t. Determine the size of the commercial steel pipe
that is required. Assume square-edged connections and include a globe valve in the pipe.

Q4. A siphon spillway, as shown in Figure 1, is 200 f t long with a diameter of 2 f t. It is used to discharge
water (68◦ F ) to a downstream reservoir 50 f t below the upstream reservoir. The friction losses in the
rough concrete (f = 0.02) siphon are evenly distributed throughout its length. If the summit of the
siphon is 5 f t above the upper reservoir and 60 f t from the siphon entrance, is cavitation a concern?

Figure 1: Siphon Spillway

Q5. A 2500 f t long, 2 f t diameter pipeline conveys water from a hilltop reservoir to an industrial site.
The pipe is made of ductile iron, has an outside diameter of 2.25 f t, and has expansion joints. The flow
rate is 30 cf s. Determine the maximum water hammer pressure (in psi) that is likely to occur if the
downstream flow valve is closed in 1.05 sec. Also determine the water hammer reduction (in psi) if a
diverter is added that reduces the flow rate from 30 cf s to 10 cf s almost instantly on valve closure.

Q6. Water flows from a supply reservoir (surface elevation, 450 f t, MSL) through a 2500 f t horizontal
pipeline at a rate of 350 cf s. A surge tank is required to be installed in the pipeline before a gate valve.
The pipeline is made of smooth concrete and has a 6 f t diameter. Determine the required height of a
20 f t diameter surge tank if the pipeline is 50 f t lower than the supply reservoir.