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Problems
Problems
driven at
720 rev/min. If the useful flux per pole is 15 mWb, determine the generated e.m.f.
720
Z = 750, c = 2 (for a wave winding), p = 2 pairs, n = rev/s and = 15 10-3 Wb
60
720
2(2)(15 103 ) (750)
2pnZ 60
Generated e.m.f. E = = = 270 volts
c 2
A 6-pole generator has a lap-wound armature with 40 slots with 20 conductors per
per pole is 25 mWb. Calculate the speed at which the machine must be driven
to generate an
e.m.f. of 300 V.
2pn Z
Generated e.m.f., E = from which,
c
speed, n =
Ec
300 2p
300
= 15 rev/s or 900
2 p Z 2p 25 10 800 25 103 800
3
rev/min
A 4-pole armature of a d.c. machine has 1000 conductors and a flux per pole of
20 mWb.
Determine the e.m.f. generated when running at 600 rev/min, when the
c 2
= 400 V
percentage
E1 1n1 150 1 25
Since E n then i.e.
E2 2n 2 180 2 20
1 25 180
from which, 2 1.51
20 150
V and has an
armature resistance is
0.5 , determine (a) the terminal voltage, and (b) the generated e.m.f.
armature speed of
(a) the speed increases to 20 rev/s and the flux per pole remaining unchanged,
(b) the speed remains at 15 rev/s and the pole flux is decreased to 0.125 Wb,
and
(c) the speed increases to 25 rev/s and the pole flux is decreased to 0.18 Wb.
(b)
E1 1n1
i.e.
180
0.2 15
E2 2n 2 E 2 0.125 15
the terminal
V 425
(b) Armature current, Ia If I where field current, If = 8.5 A
Rf 50
30 , the series
resistance 0.03 and the armature resistance 0.05 , determine the e.m.f.
generated.
Generated e.m.f., E = V1 + Ia Ra
= 301.5 + (60.05)(0.05)
6. A d.c. generator has a generated e.m.f. of 210 V when running at 700 rev/min
pole is 120 mWb. Determine the generated e.m.f. (a) at 1050 rev/min, assuming
constant, (b) if the flux is reduced by one-sixth at constant speed, and (c) at a
speed of
E1 1n1 210
120 10 700
3
60
(a) Since E n then i.e.
E2 2n 2 E2
120 10 1050
3
60
210
5
from which, generated e.m.f., E 2 6 = 175 V
1
E n 210
120 10 700
3
60
(c) 1 1 1 i.e.
E2 2n 2 E2
132 10 1155
3
60
e.m.f. when the generator is supplying 50 kW, neglecting the field current of the
generator.
P 50000
Load current, I = = 200 A
V 250
If the field current is neglected, armature current, I a = 200 A and terminal voltage,
V = 250 V
= 250 + 20 = 270 V
field resistance of
efficiency of the
generator at full load, assuming the iron, friction and windage losses amount to
1 kW.
15000 15000
from which, current, I = = 62.5 A
V 240
© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 297
V 240
Field current, If = 2.4 A
R f 100
VI 15000
Efficiency, = 100%
V I Ia R a If V C
2
15000 64.9 2 0.4 2.4 240 1000
15000
= 100% = 82.14%
18260.804
1. A d.c. motor operates from a 350 V supply. If the armature resistance is 0.4
= 350 - (60)(0.4)
200 V supply.
and (b) as a
= 200 – 25 = 175 V
A, and (b) is
being 80 A.
= 230 – 6 = 224 V
1. The shaft torque required to drive a d.c. generator is 18.7 Nm when it is running at
1250 rev/min.
If its efficiency is 87% under these conditions and the armature current is 17.3 A,
© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 299
determine the
output power VI
Efficiency, = 100%
input power T 2n
i.e. 87 =
V 17.3 100%
18.7 2
1250
60
125
(87)(18.7) 2
from which, terminal voltage, V = 60
= 123.1 V
17.3 100
2. A 220 V, d.c. generator supplies a load of 37.5 A and runs at 1550 rev/min.
torque of the diesel motor driving the generator, if the generator efficiency is
78%.
Efficiency, =
VI
100% i.e. 78 =
220 37.5 100%
T 2n 1550
T 2
60
3. A 4-pole d.c. motor has a wave-wound armature with 800 conductors. The useful
armature conductor.
4. Calculate the torque developed by a 240 V d.c. motor whose armature current
is 50 A, armature
E Ia 240 50
Torque, T = = 167.1 N m
2n 210
5. An 8-pole lap-wound d.c. motor has a 200 V supply. The armature has 800
conductors and a
resistance of 0.8 . If the useful flux per pole is 40 mWb and the armature
current is 30 A,
176
from which, speed, n = = 5.5 rev/s or 5.5 60 = 330 rev/min
40 103 800
E Ia 176 30
(b) Torque, T = = 152.8 N m
2n 2 5.5
If the torque on
the shaft driving the generator is 35.8 Nm, determine (a) the efficiency of the
generator, and
output power VI
(a) Efficiency of generator = 100% 100%
input power T(2n)
=
150 25 100% = 83.4%
35.8 2
1200
60
1200
= (35.8) 2 - (150)(25)
60
1. A 240 V shunt motor takes a current of 80 A. If the field winding resistance is 120
and the
armature resistance is 0.4 , determine (a) the current in the armature, and (b)
V 240
(a) Field current, If =2A
R f 120
2. A d.c. motor has a speed of 900 rev/min when connected to a 460 V supply. Find
the approximate
value of the speed of the motor when connected to a 200 V supply, assuming
460 900
Thus,
200 0.7 n 2
900 200
from which, speed of motor, n 2 = 559 rev/min
460 0.7
resistance of 0.15 is
supply. Calculate the e.m.f. generated at this load. Determine also the speed of
the load is changed such that the current increases to 25 A. Assume the flux
increases by 25%.
E 2 V Ia R a R f
4. A 500 V shunt motor takes a total current of 100 A and runs at 1200 rev/min. If
resistance is 50 , the armature resistance is 0.25 and the iron, friction and
windage losses
V 500
Field current, If = 10 A
Rf 50
VI Ia 2 R a If V C
Efficiency, 100%
VI
5. A 250 V, series-wound motor is running at 500 rev/min and its shaft torque is 130
Nm. If its
efficiency at this load is 88%, find the current taken from the supply.
output power
The efficiency of a motor = 100%
input power
The output power of a motor is the power available to do work at its shaft and is
given by T or
T(2πn) watts, where T is the torque in Nm and n is the speed of rotation in rev/s. The
input power is
T (2n)
Thus for a motor, efficiency, = 100%
VI
500
(130)(2) 60
i.e. 88 = 100
(250)(I)
500
(130)(2)
Thus, the current supplied, I = 60
100 = 30.94 A
(250)(88)
6. In a test on a d.c. motor, the following data was obtained. Supply voltage: 500 V
Current taken from the supply: 42.4 A Speed: 850 rev/min Shaft torque: 187
Nm
850
(187)(2) 60
i.e. = 100
(500)(42.4)
= 78.5%
the armature
VI Ia 2 R a If V C
Efficiency, 100%
VI
VI I2 (R a R f ) C
Hence, 100% and for maximum efficiency, C = I (R a R f )
2
VI
is 250 V. if the total resistance of the motor is 1.5 and the iron, friction and
windage losses
= 80%
current is 30 A and speed is 1000 rev/min. If the flux per pole is proportional to
the current
flowing, find the current and speed at half full-load torque, when connected to
Torque, T = I a
T1 1 I1 T1 302
Hence, and since, I then 2
T2 2 I 2 0.5T1 I 2
from which, I 2 2 (0.5) 30 and current at half full-load torque, I2 0.5 302 =
2
21.2 A
© John Bird Published by Taylor and Francis 308
1
1 n1 I1 I 2
Speed, n hence,
I n 2 1 I1
I2
1000 21.2
i.e.
n2 30
1. A 350 V shunt motor runs at its normal speed of 12 rev/s when the armature
current is 90 A. The
resistance of the armature is 0.3 . (a) Find the speed when the current is 45 A
and a resistance
of 0.4 is connected in series with the armature, the shunt field remaining
speed when the current is 45 A and the shunt field is reduced to 75% of it normal
value by
E1 1 n1 323 (12)
Now i.e. 1 since 2 1
E2 2 n2 318.5 1 (n 2 )
E1 1 n1 323 1 (12)
Now i.e. since 2 0.75 1
E2 2 n2 336.5 (0.75 1 )(n 2 )
2. A series motor runs at 900 rev/min when the voltage is 420 V and the current is
40 A. The
armature resistance is 0.3 and the series field resistance is 0.2 . Calculate the
resistance to be
connected in series to reduce the speed to 720 rev/min with the same current.
E1 n
At 720 rev/min, since I is unchanged, is unchanged, thus, 1
E2 n 2
i.e.
400 900
from which, E 2
400 720 = 320 V
E 2 720 900
420 320
from which, 0.5 + R = = 2.5
40
3. A 320 V series motor takes 80 A and runs at 1080 rev/min at full load. The
armature resistance
is 0.2 and the series winding resistance is 0.05 . Assuming the flux is
proportional to the
field current, calculate the speed when developing full-load torque, but with a
0.15 diverter in
0.15
By current division, If I = 0.75 I
0.15 0.05
802 80
from which, Ia 2 2 and Ia 2 = 92.38 A
0.75 0.75
Hence, E 2 V Ia 2 R a R
= 320 – 92.38(0.2+0.0375)
E1 1 n1 Ia1 n1
Now
E 2 2 n 2 0.75Ia 2 n 2
80
1080
Hence,
300
60
298.06 0.75 92.38 n 2
80
1080
298.06
and new speed, n 2 60
= 20.65 rev/s or 1239 rev/min
300 0.75 92.38