1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Society is composed of a group of people involved in continuous social

interaction. It is a large group that is sharing the same geographical or social

territory and has the same political authority. People who are involved in one

society have the same culture, language, traditions, and beliefs. Problems are

cannot be avoided in one society, there were many problems to be solve in one

society.

According to Executive order no. 712 of March 11, 2008 and enacted by

the president of the Philippines. Whereas the operations of public utility vehicles

is imbued with paramount public interest, such that factors that increase the cost

of operations of public utility vehicles have a direct impact on transport fares,

hence local ordinances, programs and projects which require a fee should be

coordinated with the DOTC to ensure that public interest is not prejudiced.

In Antipolo City, the researchers will search for the effects of expensive

tricycle fare for that is one problem in the particular place/society which is

Antipolo City. Many people are going to Antipolo that needs to get a tricycle for

them to be able to arrive in one place or another. There are many tricycle drivers

that are collecting expensive fare and the people are affected to it. This social

problem in Antipolo City is one of those social problems that needs to be solved.
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Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effects of expensive tricycle fare in

Antipolo City.

Especially the study will seek to answer the following questions.

1. What is the profile of respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Sex; and

1.3 Family Income?

2. What is the Effect of expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo city in terms of:

2.1 Behavior;

2.2 Budget; and

2.3 Decision making?

3. What action plan may be proposed about the expensive tricycle fare at

Antipolo City?

Objectives of the Study

This study on the Effects of Expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo, City seek

to accomplish the following studies;

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1. To know what the effects on the students of having expensive tricycle

fare in Antipolo, City.

2. To know what the effects of expensive tricycle fare on the tourists in

Antipolo, City.

3. To know why tricycle drivers collecting expensive charge.

4. To find a solutions on the problem.

Hypotheses of the Study

The researchers come up with alternative hypothesis because there is a

significant effect of expensive tricycle fare at antipolo city in the students, drivers

and workers that commute with respect to age, sex, and monthly income.

Significance of the Study

The study will be helpful to the people who are riding tricycle in Antipolo,

City. Specifically, this is significant to the following: Commuters- The commuters

especially simple students and workers will benefit our study once the

government officials in Antipolo City will be united to find a solution to a certain

problem such as having an expensive tricycle fare. This will give fairness to the

commuters. Next is LTFRB (Land Transportation Franchising and Regulating

Board)-The result of this study would make them review and adjust reasonable

fares, rate and other related charges and to reinforce their policies, laws, and

regulations on public land transportation services. And the last one is the Future
 4

Researchers-The result of this study would help the future researchers to know

the effects of expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo City.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

This study will focus on the effects of Expensive Tricycle fare in Antipolo

City (Antipolo was named after a tree locally known as Tipolo, which was in

abundance in the area in the early times. Antipolo was declared a city on March

14, 2011 because it is a “highly urbanized city” and because of its increasing

population.)

This study would seek to answer the effects of expensive tricycle fare in

Antipolo City. The time period of the study would be 1 month only. To support

this study, the researchers will have fifteen (15) sample’s respondents and will

conduct survey to the following respondents in order to attain the needed

information for the possible solutions on the problem.

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Definition of Terms

As used in the study, the following terms were defined.

Expensive. Costing a lot of money

Fare. The money a person pays to travel on a bus, train, tricycle and other

transportation.

Tricycle. A three-wheeled vehicle that a person rides.

Commute. A travel back and forth regularly

LTFRB. Public Utility Vehicle Transport Regulatory Board

Conceptual Framework

This study is guided by the conceptual model which is shown in figure 1 in

the form of paradigm which composed of input, process and output.

The first frame refers to the input of the study including the profile of the

respondents such as sex, age and monthly family income and the effects of

expensive tricycle fare to the people. These some information is needed to found

for some reasons.

The second frame or vertical rectangle refers to the process which

includes the steps in conducting the study such as formulating research

questionnaire-checklist, validation of the questionnaire check-list, collecting data

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by giving the questionnaire checklist to the respondents and analyzing and

interpreting the gathered data.

The third frame is the output that refers to the action plan about the

expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo, City.

The arrow connecting the boxes means that the process could be cyclical

depending on the ability of the researchers to conduct the investigation while

feedback refers to the fact that there are confusions based on the result of the

study, there is an allowance to repeat the process

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INPUT PROCES OUTPUT

S

 Profile of the 1. Formulating

respondents in research
terms of questionnaire-
a. Age checklist
b. Sex
Action plan
c. Monthly 2. Validation of
income The researchers
the
questionnaire will be posting a
 The effects of sticker in every
check-list
expensive tricycle which has
3. Collecting data
tricycle fare in the right fare and
antipolo city in by giving the
questionnaire will conducting
terms of
checklist to the seminars for
a. Behavior
respondents. tricycle drivers.
b. Budget
c. Decision
making 4. Analyzing and
interpreting the
gathered data.

FEEDBACK

Figure 1.

Conceptual Model Showing the Effects of Expensive Tricycle Fare in Antipolo,

City
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Theoretical Framework

Theory of Pricing of Transportation services postulated by Moshe Ben-

Akives as cited in the book transportation system analysis: Demand and

Economic of 2008.

As said in the theory, pricing and investment policies for transportation

services are often far from optimal. The less sensitive the customer is to price,

the more he/she will pay relative to others and sometimes there are price

discrimination that is happening.

As connection to the topic, The pricing of transportation, including tricycle

fare can be too expensive or may be changed because if a price increase, that

causes a demand decrease and vice versa. According to the theory, the prices

all firms charge to all customers should be the same.

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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This Chapter presents the review of related literatures and studies

Foreign Literature

Rahman and Shimaki and (2013) stated on their Research “Operational

Characteristics of Paratransit in Developing Countries of Asia” that in many cities

of developing countries, more than half of the total public transport demand is

served by paratransit. Paratransit, or an informal public transport mode, has been

developed to fill the gaps left by the use of private cars, buses, and fixed track

systems such as the motorcycle taxi. The fare systems are classified into three

groups: fixed, metered, and negotiated. Mostly, the fares of individual types of

paratransit are decided through negotiation between passengers and drivers. In

some countries, like India and Nepal, Auto Rick- shaws are metered. But for

shared or collective types of paratransit, fares are fixed.

According to the research of Starkey (2016), entitled “The benefits and

challenges of increasing motorcycle use for rural access” He stated that In many

countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, most vehicles on low-volume rural

roads are now motorcycles. In ten years, motorcycles in Tanzania increased from

under 10,000 to 800,000. Where there is no alternative means of transport, even

pregnant women and sick people praise the access provided by motorcycle taxis.

On some rural roads, 70-80% or more of the annual passenger transport and
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goods transport is now provided by motorcycle taxis. However, this is expensive,

as the cost per passenger-kilometre and per tonne-kilometre of motorcycle

services is much higher than the cost of ‘conventional’ transport (buses,

minibuses and light trucks).

Local Studies

Viri A. (March 2, 2016) Stated in her research study focusing expensive

tricycle fare in Antipolo City; In the Philippines, tricycles have been the primary

transportation for a long period of time. Every day we go into distinct places just

as we go to school, to market, to church, to our favorite eatery or our best friend’s

house. Antipolo is the largest city in the CALABARZON Region and seventh

most populous city in the country with a population of 677,741 in 2010. On March

14, 2011, Antipolo was declared a “highly-urbanized city” by President Benigno

Aquino. Imagine, a large number of population use tricycles everyday as their

daily transportation. But the main question are what will you do if the tricycle fare

becomes unfair? Did you know that PTRB (Public Utility Vehichle Transport

Regulatory Board) signed a law which stated under section 2 city ordinance

number 2008-304? But due to lack of informative policies and strict rules, many

Antipolenos still experience and encounter greedy drivers and those laws you’ve

seen don’t seem to be recognized.

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(Diaz et.al. 2017) A model of modal choice and destination choice was

developed to simulate urban travel demand in Davao City, Philippines, and to

evaluate fare-setting scenarios relevant to the possible introduction of a new

public transportation (PT) system. Six fare scenarios were developed,

incorporating four elements of the fare system, boarding charge, per-kilometer

charge, charge distance, and transfer charge, based on the fare system in use in

the Philippines.

These are related to the study “The Effects of Expensive Tricycle Fare in

Antipolo City since, the local and foreign studies are discussing the different fare

systems because of the expensive fare of tricycle but despite of it, the increasing

of demand to tricycles are not affected it is because tricycle have been the

primary transportation of most of people but not just in the Philippines but also in

the different countries that are using that kind of transportation.

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Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the procedure used in this style. There are

presented in the following sectors: (a) research design, (b) population or

respondents of the study, and (c) procedure of the study

Research Design

The researchers used the survey research method for this is the most

appropriate of evaluating the effects of expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo, CIty.

The researchers will decrjve and provide a picture of concepts or ideas about the

problem.

The nature of the study is causal study because it aims to understand the

cause of expensive tricycle fare to the commuters at Antipolo, CIty. The effects of

this particuclar problem will be studied by the researhers while the setting of the

research will be conducted in a normal setting

Interview, observation and giving questionnaire-checklist are the methods

in collecting data for this qualitative research design and are conducted by the

researchers.
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Population or Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study were fifteen (15) commuters at antipolo,

City. The respondents were described in terms of name, sex, age and monthly

family income

The sample were selected through probablity sampling that is not biased

and used availability sampling because the researcher automatically consider the

people that they encounter while walking in the City and those students show

willingness to respond in every questions but the researcher made sure that the

respondents arecommuters in Antipolo city.

There are 9 male respondents and 6 female respondents.

Caterogies Number of Sample

Male 9
Female 6
TOTAL 15

Table 1
Population/ Respondents of the Study
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Procedure of the Study

The steps followed in conducting the study by the researchers are

discussed herein. The first step is the researchers submitted the research

problem for the approval and will proceed to the development of the research.

The researchers create their Chapter 1 and after that they formulate a

questionnaire checklist and submit its draft until it is finalized or approved by the

teacher. The researcher also made a letter to conduct a study and a letter to the

respondents. After the validation of instrument, the questionnaire checklist was

distributed to the selected 15 sample. The next thing is analysing the gathered

information and interpreting the results of observation. Afer the retrieval, the data

were encoded and processed. Based on the interpreted data, the summary of

findings, conclusions and recommendation were formulated.

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Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of data based on the

findings of the researcher’s survey.

The study utilized a research-made questionnaire checklist and the survey

form consists of two (2) pages that is consist of two parts. The first part is the

respondent’s personal information/ profile including their name, sex, age and

monthly family income.

Age 15 and below 2

Age 16-20 11
Age 21 and above 2
TOTAL 15
monthly Family Income 20,000 and 2
above
monthly Family Income 15,000-19,999 1
monthly Family Income 10,000-14, 6
999
monthly Family Income 10,000 and 6
below
TOTAL 15

Table 2

The Respondents Personal Information.

As Presented in the table, there are 2 respondents that has 15 years and

below of age, while 11 respondents that has 16 to 20 years of age and 2

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respondents that has 21 years and above of age and has a total of 15

respondents

On the Other hand, 2 respondents has a monthly Family Income of 20,000

and above, while only 1 respondents has a monthly Family Income of 15,000 to

19,999, while 6 respondents has a monthly Family Income of 15,000 to 19,999

and also 6 respondents has a monthly Family Income 10,000 and below a total of

15 respondents.

The second part of the questionnaire checklist focused on the effects of

expensive tricycle fare to them (respondents) through questions and there are

presented choice through ranking:

5 - Strongly agree

4 - Agree

3 - Neither agree nor disagree

2 - Disagree

1 - Strongly disagree

Aside from giving questionnaire checklist, the researchers also

communicate with the respondents by interviewing to gather needed data.

Question Weighte Verbal Rank

d Mean Interpretatio
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n
Expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo City...
1. doesn’t feel right for me as a commuter 3.23 Seldom 4
2. affects my mood because it irritates me 3.63 Often 2
to know that there are tricycle drivers who
are not fair
3. is not acceptable for me 2.96 Seldom 6
4. can make misunderstanding/ arguing 2.56 Seldom 7
between me and the driver
5.affects my planned budget in commuting 3.53 Often 3
6. decrease the money that is intended for 3.58 Often 1
more important things

7. makes me don’t want to ride tricycle 3.1 Seldom 5

anymore
8. makes me don’t want to go to Antipolo 2.32 Never 8
sometimes

Table 2

Frequency Dustribution of the Effects of Expensive Tricycle Fare in Antipolo, City

Presented in the table two that the weighted mean does not have always

but has 3 often in verbal interpretation that means the commuters or respondents

are affected to the expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo, City. Verbal interpretation

never has 1 in the result that also means that almost of the respondents are not

affected. Question number 6 is the rank 1 that has the weighted mean 3.83 and

verbal interpretation often that means many commuters are affected in terms of

their budget that is intended into more important things than the expensive
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tricycle fare of the drivers. Number 8 question is the least and ranked 8 that has

weighted mean of 2.23 and seldom is its verbal interpretation that means that the

expensive tricycle fare doesn’t affect much of the commuters in terms of their

decision to go to Antipolo City. Many people still want to go the City even if the

tricycle fare seems high. But overall interpretation, people gets irritate but the

most affected are the respondent's budget. Their decision making is not so

affected but their mood is affected. Many people are affective in a negative way

as what can be seen in the result of the gathered data.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

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This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion and the

recommendation offered.

RESPONDENTS PROFILE

there are 2 respondents that has 15 years and below of age, while 11

respondents that has 16 to 20 years of age and 2 respondents that has 21 years

and above of age and has a total of 15 respondents

On the Other hand, 2 respondents has a monthly Family Income of 20,000

and above, while only 1 respondents has a monthly Family Income of 15,000 to

19,999, while 6 respondents has a monthly Family Income of 15,000 to 19,999

and also 6 respondents has a monthly Family Income 10,000 and below a total of

15 respondents.

QUESTIONNAIRE CHECKLIST

The weighted mean does not have always but has 3 often in verbal

interpretation that means the commuters or respondents are affected to the

expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo, City. Verbal interpretation never has 1 in the

result that also means that almost of the respondents are not affected. Question

number 6 is the rank 1 that has the weighted mean 3.83 a verbal interpretation
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Often that means many commuters are affected in terms of their budget that is

intended into more important things than the expensive tricycle fare of the

drivers. Number 8 question is the least and ranked 8 that has weighted mean of

2.23 and seldom is its verbal interpretation that means that the expensive tricycle

fare doesn’t affect much of the commuters in terms of their decision to go to

Antipolo City. Many people still want to go the City even if the tricycle fare seems

high. But overall interpretation, people gets irritate but the most affected are the

respondent's budget. Their decision making is not so affected but their mood is

affected. Many people are affective in a negative way as what can be seen in the

result of the gathered data.

CONCLUSIONS

The study concluded that the commuters or respondents are very much

affected to the expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo, City. Most Especially their

Budget that instead of spending it in more important things is, the money is

consumed by only riding a tricycle. However, respondents doesn’t affect much of

their decision to go to Antipolo City. They still want to go the Antipolo City even if

the tricycle fare seems high.

RECOMMENDATIONS.
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 The study recommended to the following commuters to become well

informed and recognized the policies and strict rules signed by PTRB

(Public Utility Vehicle Transport Regulatory Board) in able to not

experience and encounter greedy drivers and also this will help to stop

this kind of social problem or issue.

 For the future researchers, just continue to search and find a solution

for the expensive tricycle fare. This research will help a lot in doing so.
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APPENDIX
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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Rahman, Shimaki, Toshikazu et. al. (2013). Operational Characteristics of

Paratransit in Developing Countries of Asia. Retrieved on February 15, 2018

from https:// trid.trb.org/view/453008

Diaz, C. D., Kato, H. et, al (2017). A model of modal choice and destination

choice in Davao City. Retrieved on February 15, 2018 from

http://trrjournalonline.trb.-org/doi/abs/10.3141/2652-12

Starkey, P. (2016). The benefits and challenges of increasing motorcycle use for

rural access. Retrieved on February 15, 2018 from http://transportconferenceke-

nya.org/Proceedings/Stakey-Motorcycle-Is-sues-KRBMombasa2016-160223.pdf

Viri A. (March 2, 2016). The expensive tricycle fare in Antipolo City; In the

Philippines, Retrieved on Fenruary 15, 2018 from http://www.google.com.ph/-

amp/s-doctrine.com/2015/12/14/tricycle-fare-in-antipolo-city/amp/
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GANTT CHART OF ACTIVITIES

OCT. NOV. DEC. JAN. FEB.

ACTIVITIES
1. Title Defence
2. Formulating the chapter 1
3. Searching for RRL
4. Printed output
5. Revision of chapter 1 and

2
6. Developing questionnaire

check-list
7. Collecting and gathering

data through survey

8. Computation, Analysing,

and interpretation of data.

9. Summarization,

conclusion and

recommendation of data
10. Revision and binding the

research.
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CURRICULUM

VITAE

CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Kristle R. Bacolod
Date of Birth : July 24, 2000
Place of Birth : Pangasinan
Home Address : 061 Lumang ilog St. Brgy.
Evangelista Baras, Rizal.
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Sex : Female
Religion : Catholic
Name of Parents : Tessie A. Rico
Nathaniel B. Bacolod

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Secondary : Tomas Claudio Colleges

(Senior High School)
Taghangin Morong, Rizal
2016 – 2018

Morong National High School

(Junior High School)
Morong, Rizal
2012-2016

Primary : Baras Elementary School

Baras, Rizal
2006 – 2012
CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA
Name : Angelu Paula D. Napenas
Date of Birth : June 14, 2000
Place of Birth : Baras, Rizal
Home Address : 376 A. Ferrera St. Brgy.
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Santiago, Baras, Rizal

Sex : Female
Religion : Catholic
Name of Parents : Celedonio E. Napenas
Redencion D. Napenas

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary : Tomas Claudio Colleges
(Senior High School)
Taghangin Morong, Rizal
2016 – 2018

Baras National High School

(Junior High School)
Baras, Rizal
2012-2016

Primary : Santiago Elementary School

Baras, Rizal
2006 – 2012
CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA
Name : Jayson A. Cardano
Date of Birth : February 16, 2000
Place of Birth : Antipolo City
Home Address : Brgy. San Jose Pag asa st.
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Antipolo, City
Sex : Male
Religion : Catholic
Name of Parents : Jun A. Cardano
Joy A. Cardano

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Secondary : Tomas Claudio Colleges
(Senior High School)
Taghangin Morong, Rizal
2016 – 2018

Tomas Claudio Colleges

(Junior High School)
Morong, Rizal
2012-2016

Primary : Tomas Claudio Colleges

Morong, Rizal
2006 – 2012