''CRITICAL BOOK REVIEW''

LEXICOGRAMMAR

Arranged By:
Group6

Tri Purnama Nasution (2191121002)

Indah Ramahati Br.Bangun (2192421004)
Tasya Gaby P.Saragih (2193121031)
Juniarta Simanjuntak (2193321059)

English Education 19A

Lecturer:
Prof.Dr.SumarsihM.Pd

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND ARTS

STATES UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2020
 PREFACE

Praise the presence of Almighty God who has given grace and blessings to every
human being. So that we can complete this Critical Book Review (CBR) Lexicogrammar
task well and smoothly. We do this CBR to fulfill the assignments of lecturers who support
Lexicogrammar with the aim of adding insight and deepening knowledge about reading
books, comparing books and paying attention to Lexicogrammar .

In writing this CBR we realize that there are still many shortcomings and for writing this
CBR. We look forward to criticism and suggestions to help improve our CBR tasks to be
even better. Finally, we wish you a happy reading and hopefully gain additional insights by
reading our Critical Book Review.

Medan, September 2020

Writers
 TABLE OF CONTENT

Preface............................................................................................................................... i
Table List Of Content..................................................................................................... ii

I.INTODUCTION
A. Background..................................................................................................... 1
B. Purposes.......................................................................................................... 1
C. Benefits........................................................................................................... 1
D. BooksIdentity................................................................................................. 2

II.SUMMARY OF BOOK............................................................................................. 3

III.DISCUSSION
A. StrenghtsandWeaknesses.............................................................................. 7

IV.CLOSING
A.Conclusion......................................................................................................... 8
B.Suggestion......................................................................................................... 8

V.REFERENCE.............................................................................................................. 9
 I. INTRODUCTION

A. Background
The slow development of science due to the low interest in reading society at this
time. Criticizing books is one of the ways to increase one's interest in reading about a subject.
Criticizing a book (critical book report) is an article or a review of a work or book, either in
the form of fiction or non-fiction books, can also be interpreted as scientific work that
illustrates the understanding of the contents of a book.
Criticizing a book is done not to drop or increase the value of a book but to explain
what the fund is, namely its strengths or weaknesses which will be taken into consideration or
a review of a book to readers about new books and a review of the advantages and
disadvantages of the book. Even more clearly in criticizing books, we can elaborate on the
contents of the author's main thoughts from the book in question followed by an opinion on
the contents of the book.
The description of the main content of the book contains the scope of the problem
discussed by the author, the author's way of explaining and solving the problem, the concepts
and theories developed, and conclusions. Thus the book report or reviewer is very useful to
find out the contents of the book other than that, will know about the advantages and
disadvantages of the contents of books that have been read. For this reason, we expect readers
to know and understand the book's report or reviewer so that they can assess the contents of
the book well and not just read through the book but can comprehend what is in the book in
depth.

B. Purposes
This critical book report is made as one of the useful scientific references to increase
the insight of writers and readers in knowing the strengths and weaknesses of a book, being
taken into consideration, and also completing one of the tasks of the Academic Oral
Language Skills course.

C. Benefits

• Helps readers know the general description and assessment of a book or other work
in a concise manner.
• Knowing the strengths and weaknesses of the book being reviewed.
 • Know the background and reason why the book was published.
• Test the quality of the book by comparing it against the work of the same author or
other authors.
• Provide input to the author of the book in the form of criticism and suggestions for
the writing, content, and substance of the book

D. Book's Identity

 Title : English Words

 Edition :-
 Topic : Types Of Compund And Clipping
 Author : Francis Katamba
 Publisher : Routledge
 Publishing City : New York City
 Publishing year : 1994
 ISBN : 0-203-20528-6
 Pages : 221 pages
 II. SUMMARY OF BOOKS

A. Summary
I. First Topic
The third method of forming new lexical items is to use COMPOUNDING. In this
section I will present a brief outline of compounding in English. For more extensive
coverage of compounds see Marchand (1969), Adams (1973), Roeper and Siegel (1978),
Selkirk (1982), Lieber (1983), Bauer (1983) and Katamba . As mentioned already, a
compound is formed by combining two bases, which may be words in their own right, to
form a new lexical item. This is shown in [4.20a] where the two bases are separated by a
hyphen:

a. shop-steward ink-pot
room-mate road-show
moon-light shoe-string
b. strong-mind=ed book-sell=er
old-fashion=ed market-garden=er

As we saw at the end of section compounding and affixation are by no means

incompatible. An affixed base may serve as input to a compounding process, and vice versa.
In [4.20b], the suffix isseparated by ‘=’ from the base.

Compounds differ in their structure. The majority of English compounds are nouns.
Common types of noun compounds include the following:
red tape Bathroom Schoolteacher
High Court ball-point head-hunter
blackberry Briefcase speech-writer
Greenfly Bulldog Housekeeper
Hothouse Ashtray Firelighter
White House Desktop Matchmaker

Normally in compound nouns primary stress falls on the first word and the second
word gets secondary stress, as in the `White ‘House (the residence of the US President in
Washington) and the other words in [4. 23a]. However, in the phrases in [4.23b] like a white
house (as opposed to any house that is painted green, purple or pink) both content words
receive primary stress, and neither has its stress suppressed.
Another aspect of compounding that has interested linguists in recent years is the
place of compounds in the lexicon. The question that has been raised is whether or not
compounds should be listed in the dictionary. The consensus is that compounding is very
widely and productively used in word-formation and many headed compound words do not
need to be listed in the dictionary because their meanings are so transparent that they can be
worked out using standard rules in the grammar.
COMPOSITIONALITY holds the key. Normally we can work out the meaning of
thewholefromthemeaningsofitsparts.Ifweknowthemeaningsofthesmallerunitswhichthelargeru
nitcontains,wecanwork out the meaning of the whole. In syntax we do not need to list
sentences with their meanings since they are predictable from the meanings of the words
they contain and the grammatical and semantic relationships between them. If we know
what the words mean, using our knowledge of syntactic and semantic rules we can work out
the meanings of sentences like The dog chased the cat and The cat chased the mouse; The
unicorn kicked the yeti and The yeti was kicked by the unicorn. Similarly, in morphology,
where the meaning of compound words can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy by
general rules from the meaning of the elements they contain, we do not need to list them in
the dictionary. (See the discussion of compositionality in section below.)
The number of grammatical sentences in English (or any other language) is
unlimited. So, it would be futile to try to memorise all the sentences that are sanctioned by
the rules of English grammar. The same is true of verbal compounds, since they have
sentences as their source. It would be futile to attempt to list all verbal compounds. So, how
do speakers of English cope? The answer is that they do not attempt to memorise all verbal
compounds any more than they try to memorise all sentences by brute force. Rather, they
master a system of grammatical rules that allows them both to construct and to understand
an indefinitely large number of sentences. One refinement is necessary: often the general
interpretation of compounds provided by the grammar requires a little fine tuning. For
instance, given a deverbal compound noun with a locative meaning, e.g. waiting room, the
grammar enables us to determine that it is a room where people wait. But it will not enable
us to know that it is a room in a public place like a railway station designated especially for
thatpurpose.

Toconclude,thefactthatdeverbalcompoundingusuallyoperatesinapredictablewaymeansthatitis
not necessary to list all the compounds in the lexicon and memorise them. Just as it is
possible to use phrase structure rules in syntax to produce an indefinitely large number of
sentences, it is also possible, when dealing with lexical items, to use phrase structure rules in
morphology to produce an indefinitely large number of compound words. Morphology is no
different to syntax in the rules it employs for thispurpose.
TYPES OF COMPOUND
 1. Compound Nouns
This classification of compound word has nine forms in classifying the compounds
according to the parts of speech of its constituent, they are:
a. Noun + Noun: bath towel; boy-friend; death blow
b. Verb + Noun: pickpocket; breakfast
c. Noun + Verb: nosebleed; sunshine
d. Verb + Verb: make-believe
e. Adjective + Noun: deep structure; fast-food
f. Particle + Noun: in-crowd; down-town
g. Adverb + Noun: now generation
h. Verb + Particle: cop-out; drop-out
i. Phrase Compounds: son-in-law
2. Compound Verbs
There are four classification of forming of compound verbs, which can be formulated as
follow:
a. Noun + Verb: sky-dive
b. Adjective + Verb: fine-tune
c. Particle + Verb: overbook
d. Adjective + Noun: brown-bag
3. Compound Adjectives
In compound adjectives, there are twelve process of forming the compounds, they are:
a. Noun + adjective: card-carrying; childproof
b. Verb + adjective: fail safe
c. Adjective + adjective: open-ended
d. Adverb + adjective: cross-modal
e. Particle + adjective: over-qualified
f. Noun + noun: coffee-table
g. Verb + noun: roll-neck
h. Adjective + noun: red-brick; blue-collar
i. Particle + noun: in-depth
j. Verb + verb: go-go; make-believe
k. Adjective + verb: high-rise;
l. Verb + particle: see-through; tow-away
II. Second Topic
 CLIPPING is the term for the formation of a new word-form, with the same meaning
as the original lexical term, by lopping off a portion and reducing it to a monosyllabic or
disyllabic rump. This phenomenon has been around for a long time. Eighteenth-century
purists like Swift and Campbell fought a determined, but in the end unsuccessful, campaign
against it. George Campbell, writing in 1776, objected to what he saw as the barbarism of
shortening polysyllabic words and retaining just the first syllable or just the first and second
syllables, as in:
hypfor hypochondriac rep for reputation
ultfor ultimate penult forpenultimate
incogfor incognito hyper forhypercritic
extrafor extraordinary mob for mobile crowd

Despiteeloquentprotestsagainstit,clippingdidsurviveasafairlyproductiveword-
formationprocess.In contemporary English, very occasionally, the middle of a word is
dropped. That is how vegan was formed from veg(etari)an. More commonly we have FORE-
CLIPPING, where the front of the word is trimmed, as in [9.11].
Fore-clipping :
plane aeroplane
bus omnibus
van caravan
brolly umbrella
However, BACK-CLIPPING, where the end of the word is trimmed, is by far the
commonest:
Back-clipping :
ammo ammunition
amp ampere
info information
rep representative
homo homosexual
guv guvnor (< governor) ‘boss’
disco discotheque
III. DISCUSSION

A. Strenghts And Weaknesses

 after reviewing this book found its advantages and disadvantages. the advantage is
that in terms of language, the language used in this book is very easy to understand, because
the language is not too formal and not too free in today's youth books. In addition, the
discussion in this book is also very complete, and does not use long-winded language,
making it easy for readers to understand. In addition, the material presented is explained in
important points that make it easier for readers to read and understand its content. An
attractive book cover design with a soft color, which makes people want to read it. The book
design is also very complex and simple and the book cover looks attractive and matches the
book title. Besides the strengths of the books that are already listed above, this book also has
weaknesses to correct / fix. This correction is intended to improve the production of future
school books. The shortcomings or weaknesses of this book are the use of color in the book
that seems monotonous, so that it gives a slightly less attractive impression when looking into
the book and the size of the writing is too small so it hurts the eyes when reading it.

IV. CLOSING
A. Conclusion
 A compound is formed by combining two bases, which may be words in their own right,
to form a new lexical item. Compounds differ in their structure. The majority of English
compunds are nouns. There are three types of compound, namely:
- Compound nouns, this classification of compound word has nine forms.
- Compound verbs, there are four classification of forming of compound verbs.
- Compound adjectives, in compound adjectives, there are twelve process of forming
the compounds.
Clipping is the term for the formation of a new word-form, with the same meaning as
the original lexical term, by lopping off a portion and reducing it to a monosyllabic or
disyllabic rump. More commonly we have fore clipping, where the front of the word is
trimmed and Back Clipping where the end of the words is trimmed.

B. Suggestions
After reviewing these book, writers think this book is extremely good for learners
because it can be add and improve their knowledge about compound, types of compound and
clipping. Our suggestion is that we recommend adding a discussion about clipping so that
readers understand better the discussion in the clipping section.

REFERENCE
Katamba, F. (1994). English Words. New York: Routledge.