AMITY INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOIDA

2016-17

CLASS-X

BIOLOGY

HANDOUT: ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

What is Reproduction?

 Reproduction is the process by which living organisms produce

new individuals similar to themselves. Reproduction ensured
continuity of life on earth.
 Reproduction involves continuation of characters from parents to
daughter cells by copying of DNA molecules present in the
chromosomes of the cell.

Variations: Copying of DNA is also not foolproof, even minute changes

lead to variations in the blue print of offspring. Variations help the
species to withstand drastic environmental conditions, this save the
species from becoming extinct and promotes its survival for a longer
time. Variations are raw materials for evolution.

Types of Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction

 A single parent is involved

 Gametes not formed
 Progeny is identical to parent
Sexual Reproduction
 Both parents involved
 Gametes are formed
 Progeny is only genetically similar to the parent

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
Asexual reproduction is a rapid means of multiplication which is
common in lower plants and animals.

Types of Asexual Reproduction:

Fission: the parent cell splits into daughter cells.

(a)Binary Fission : One parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

Example: Binary fission in Amoeba

 (b) Multiple Fission: One parent cell divides into many daughter cells.

Fragmentation: It is the accidental process when the broken pieces of

an organism (fragments) grow into a complete organism.

Example: Fragmentation in Spirogyra

Regeneration: When simple animals like Hydra, Planaria develop a new
individual from their broken part it is known as regeneration. It is
carried out by specialized cells which grow large numbers of cells.
SPORE FORMATION :Spores are small , bulb like structure develops at
the top of the erect hyphae of the fungus plant, released into the air
and germinate into new individuals after landing into food or soil.

Spore formation in Rhizopus

BUDDING: A new organism is formed as an outgrowth of the parent

body part.

Example : Budding in Yeast and Budding in Hydra

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION

A mode of reproduction in which part like stem, root, leaves develop

into new plant under favorable conditions.

Advantages of Vegetative Propagation

1. Plants bear flowers, fruits earlier than those produced from

seeds.
2. Growing Banana, Orange , Rose that have lost the capacity to
produce seeds.
3. Genetically similar offsprings are produced.