Simple Stress and Strain

• Types of load
• The simplest type of load (P) is a direct pull or
push, known technically as tension (Tensile load) or
compression (Compressive load).

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Simple Stress and Strain
• The force of resistance per unit area offered by a
body against deformation is called stress
• Tensile stress and compressive stress

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Simple Stress and Strain
Units of Stress
• SI unit of Stress is N/m2 or N/mm2
• The SI units are commonly referred to as Pascals,
abbreviated Pa.
• Since the 1 Pa is inconveniently small compared to
the stresses most structures experience, we'll often
encounter
• 103 Pa = 1 kPa,
• 106 Pa = 1 MPa,
• 109 Pa = GPa.
• Also 1 N/mm2 = 1x106 N/m2 = 1 MPa

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Simple Stress and Strain
STRAIN
• Stain is a measure of the deformation produced in
the member by the load.
• If a rod of length L is in tension and the elongation
produced is ΔL, then the direct strain=
Elongation/Original length
• ε = ΔL/L
• Strain is a dimensionless quantity
• Tensile strain will be positive compressive strain
will be negative.

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Hooke’s Law
• Hooke’s Law: states that within elasticlimit strain is
proportional to the stress producing it.
• Young’s Modulus : Within the limits for which
Hooke’s law is obeyed, the ratio of the direct stress
to the strain produced is called young’s modulus or
the modulus of Elasticity,
• i.e. E = σ/ε

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Problems
1. A steel rod 500mm long and 20mm10mm in
cross-section is subjected to axial pull of 300 KN.
If modulus of elasticity is 2x10 5 N/mm2. Calculate
the elongation of the rod. Also find strain induced
in the bar.

2. A brass rod 1.5 m long and 20mm diameter was

found to deform by 1.9mm under tensile load of
40KN. Calculate the modulus of elasticity.

3. A load of 5KN is to be raised with the help of a steel

wire. FInd the minimum diameter of wire if stress is
not to exceed 100 MPa. 6