‫ محمد جاد هللا ناجي‬: ‫ االسم‬THERMODYNAMICS "PHYS 2350" ID No.

: 120191018
Thermodynamics

Assignment No. 3

(Problems - Ch. 1)

Solve the following problems : (1.8, 1.30, 1.33, 140, 1.52, 1.62, 1.69) *

1-8 Determine the mass and the weight of the air contained in a room whose
dimensions are 6 m X 6 m X 8 m. Assume the density of the air is 1.16 kg/m3?

V = 288 m , ρair = 1.16 Kg / m , m =?? , W= ?? Room

Solution : X 6 X 8 m3 6

m=ρ air∗V = ( 1.16 Kg /m3) ( 288 m3)

V= 6 X 6 X 8
m = 3.34 Kg
V = 288 m3
W= m*g ( Newton's second Law )
m
ρ=
1N V
2
= (334.1 Kg ) (9.81 m / s2 ) ( 1 Kg. m/s )
m= ρ∗V
W = 3277.5 N

1-30 Consider a system whose temperature is 18°C. Express this temperature in R, K,

and °F ?

Tc = 180C , TR = ? , TK= ? T 0F = ?

Solution :

1. T [K] = T(oC) + 273 = 18°C + 273

T [K] = 291 K

2. T [oF] = 1.8 T(oC) + 32 = (1.8)(18) + 32

T [oF] = 64.4oF

3. T [R] = T(oF) + 460 = 64.4 + 460

T [R] = 524.4 R
1-33 Consider two closed systems A and B. System A contains 3000 kJ of thermal
energy at 20°C, whereas system B contains 200 kJ of thermal energy at 50°C. Now the
systems are brought into contact with each other. Determine the direction of any heat
transfer between the two systems ?
Solution :

Heat transfer occurs from warmer to cooler objects.

Therefore, heat will be transferred from

system B to system A until both systems reach

warmer cooler the same temperature

system B to system A until both systems reach the same temperature.

1–40 A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 35 kPa at a location where the
atmospheric pressure is 92 kPa. Determine the absolute pressure in the chamber ?

Pvac = 35 Kpa , Patm = 92 Kpa , Pabs = ?

Solution :

Pvac = Patm - Pabs

Pabs = Patm - Pvac = 92 – 35

Pabs = 57 Kpa

1–52 The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 930 mbars at the beginning of a hiking
trip and 780 mbars at the end. Neglecting the effect of altitude on local gravitational
acceleration, determine the vertical distance climbed. Assume an average air density
of 1.20 kg/m3?
Solution :
1 bar
3
Pbottom = 930 m Bar X ( 10 mbar )

P2 = Pbottom = 0.930 bar

1 bar
3
Ptop = 780 m Bar X ( 10 mbar )

P1 = Ptop = 0.780 bar

 ‫ محمد جاد هللا ناجي‬: ‫ االسم‬THERMODYNAMICS "PHYS 2350" ID No. : 120191018

P = ρair gh

P2 ‫ ــ‬P1 = ) ρ g h)air
1N 1 bar
2 5 2
( 0.930 – 0.780 ) bar = (1.2 kg /m3) ( 9.81 m/s2 ) ( h) x ( 1 Kg. m/s ) ( 10 N /m )
1 1
0.15 = (1.20 m ) ( 9.81 ) ( h) X 105

1. 1772 X 10−4
0.15 = ( h) ( m )

h = 1274.2 m

1–62 A mercury manometer ( ρ = 13,600 kg/m3) is connected to an air duct to

measure the pressure inside. The difference in the manometer levels is 15 mm, and the
atmospheric pressure is 100 kPa. (a) Judging from Fig. P1–62, determine if the
pressure in the duct is above or below the atmospheric pressure. (b) Determine the
absolute pressure in the duct ?
Pabs = ? , ρ = 13,600 kg/m3 , Patm= 100 kPa , h = 15 mm
1m
3
h = (15 mm) ( 10 mm ) = 0.015 m

Solution :

(a) The pressure in the duct is above atmospheric pressure

since the fluid column on the duct side is at a lower level.

(b) The absolute pressure Pabs

P = Patm + ρ g h
1N 1 Kpa
2 2
= (100 kPa)+ (13,600 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s2 )(0.015 m) ( 1 Kg.m/s ) ( 1000 N /m )

= 100 kPa + 2.00 kPa

Pabs = 102 Kpa

1–69 Freshwater and seawater flowing in parallel horizontal pipelines are connected to
each other by a double U-tube manometer, as shown in Fig. P1–69. Determine the
pressure difference between the two pipelines. Take the density of seawater at that
location to be ρ = 1035 kg/m3. Can the air column be ignored in the analysis?

Density ( ρ ) Height ( h )

ρw = 1000 Kg/m3 1m
hw 2
= 60 cm ( 10 cm )=
0.6 m
ρ Hg= 13,600 1m
h Hg= 10 cm ( 102 cm )=
Kg/m3
0.1 m
ρsea = 1035 Kg/m3 1m
h sea = 40 cm ( 102 cm )=
0.4 m
Solution :
hair = ignored
( 1 ‫نب دأ بحس اب الض غط من النقط ة‬
sea ( 2 ‫وصوال الى النقطة‬ ‫ لألعلى‬ve– ‫ لألسفل او طرح‬ve+ ‫) نتحرك عبر األنبوب بإضافة‬water
P2 = ‫نضع المقدار السابق‬ )

P1 + ρw ghw − ρ Hg g hHg − ρair g hair + ρsea g hsea = P2 ( ρair g hair = ‫) مهمل‬

P1 − P2 = − ρw ghw + ρ Hg g hHg − ρsea g hsea

= g ( ρ Hg hHg − ρw hw − ρsea hsea )

= ( 9.81 m/s2 ) [ (13,600 Kg/m3) (0.1 m ) –(1000 Kg/m3) (0.6 m )

1 KN
2
–(1035 Kg/m3)( 0.4 m) ( 1000 Kg . m/s )

= 3.39 K N/m2

P = P1 − P2 = 3.39 K Pa P1(w) P2(sea) ⟩