Infinitives after verbs such as hear, notice, see, watch,

make and feel. With these verbs, in the active voice, the
infinitive as objective complement does not take -----
to. However, in the passive voice it always takes---- to

e.g.: We often heard him sing this song.

�� He was often heard to sing this song.

The boss made the workers work from

morning till night.
�� The workers were made to work from
morning till night.

When the object in an active voice negative sentence

is anything or anyone (anybody), the subject in the
passive voice has to be changed to the negative form,
e.g. nothing, no one or nobody.
The word ��not�� is then dropped from the
sentence. So the noun gets negated, not the verb.

e.g.: The government has not done anything to

stop the pollution.

�� Nothing has been done to stop the pollution

by the government.

They did not ask anybody to help them.

 �� Nobody (No one) was asked to help them.

When we change a question beginning

with an Interrogative Pronoun as the
subject from the active voice to the passive
voice, the interrogative pronoun should be
changed to ��by + interrogative
pronoun��.

This phrase comes at the beginning of the

passive voice sentence.
e.g.: Who cleaned window?

�� By whom was the

window cleaned?

Passive Voice Passive Voice

I am to do this work. This work is to be done by me.

Your wife is to learn English. English is to be learnt by your wife.

I am to teach her English. English is to be taught to her by me.

Seema had to abstain him from smoking. He had to be abstained from smoking by Seema.

I have to assist my wife in domestic works. My wife has to be assisted in domestic works by me .
Passive Voice Passive Voice

The Chief Minister is to resolve the The problems of ordinary persons are to be resolved by the Chief Minister.
problems of ordinary persons.

Citizens are to support the The Government is to be supported by the citizens.

Government.

Organisations are to tighten the The workers are to be tightened by organisations.

workers.

Now workers are to understand their Their duty is to be understood by workers now.
duty.

We are to help the needy and poor. The needy and poor are to be helped by us.

'By' is not used with these Verbs

In Passive Voice, 'By' is not used with these Verbs. Instead of 'By' appropriate
Prepositions of the Verbs are used.

Verb Preposition Verb Preposition

Alarmed At Married With (a girl)

Amazed At Married To ( a boy)

Annoyed At Offended With (a person)

Contained In Offended At (Behaviour)

Displeased With (a person) Pleased With (a person)

Displeased At (Behaviour) Pleased At (Behaviour)

Distinguished With Satisfied With

Known To Shocked At

Lined With Surprised At

Active Voice Passive Voice

The news alarmed him. He was alarmed at the news.

She knows me. I am known to her.

This bottle contains ink. Ink is contained in this bottle.

His victory is surprising all. All are being surprised at his victory.

His sudden visit has amazed us. We have been amazed at his sudden visit.

Radha did not annoy Krishan. Krishan was not annoyed with Radha.

Examples of Miscellaneous Sentences

Active Voice Passive Voice

Sit down Be seated.

Women like men to flatter them. Women like to be flattered by men.

 One should keep one's promise. Promise should be kept.

It is time to close the shop. It is time for the shop to be closed.

Active Voice Passive Voice

Which car do you drive? Which car is driven by you?

Which film did you like most? Which film was liked most by you?

When will you repay your debts? When your debts will be repaid by you?

When did he reply to your letter? When your letter was replied by him?

Q Who has slapped my friend?

A By whom my friend has been slapped?
B Who slapped my friend?
C By whom has my friend been slapped?