Chemical Classification of Pigments

1.Organic Pigments: These are based on carbon chains and carbon rings. However,
they can also contain metallic elements to help stabilize the properties of the organic
components.

Example:

(a) Indian Yellow:

(b) Pigment Yellow 1:

(c) C.I. Pigment Red 122:

(d) C.I. Pigment Blue 60:

(e) C.I. Pigment Green 10:

2.Inorganic Pigments: Chemical compounds not based on carbon, are usually metallic
salts precipitated from solution.

Example:

(a) Ultramarine: Na8Al6Si6O24S2

(b) Egyptian Blue: CaCuSi4O10

(c) Han Blue: BaCuSi4O10

(d) Orpiment: As2S3

(e) Realgar: As4S4

Pigment Coloration
Process Flow Chart:

Fabric Preparation

Preparation of Pigment Liquor According to Recipe

Padding

Drying

Curing

After Treatment
Recipe:

Pigment: 80-100 gm/L

Binder: 200 cc/L

Fixer: 40 gm/L

Acetic Acid: 2 cc/L

Total Liquor: 500 ml - 1 L

Working Procedure:

 At first, the fabric is prepared for the subsequent processes i.e. pretreatment of
fabric is carried out.
 Then the pigment liquor is prepared according to the recipe.
 Then the fabric is padded thoroughly.
 After that the fabric is dried in a drier at 100°C for the evaporation of water.
 Then the dried fabric is cured at 150°C for cotton and at 180°C for polyester.
This is done for the fixation of pigment.
 After the successive after treatment, the pigment coloration is complete.

Pigment Printing
Process Flow Chart:

Fabric Preparation

Preparation of print paste according to recipe

Printing with device according to style and design

Drying

Curing
Recipe:

Pigment : 70 gm

Binder : 200 cc

Acetic Acid: 2 cc

Fixer: 40 gm

Thickener (British Gum): 688 gm

Total Paste : 1000 gm

Working Procedure:

 At first, the fabric is prepared for printing i.e. the fabric is pre-treated.
 Then the print paste is prepared according to the recipe.
 Proper viscosity of the print paste is maintained.
 Then the fabric is printed with the help of the appropriate device and according
to required design and style.
 After that the fabric is dried in a drier to evaporate the liquid portion of the print
paste.
 Then the fabric is cured for the fixation of the pigment color on the printed area.
The curing temperature depends on the fabric. For cotton, generally 150°C and
for polyester 180°C temperature is maintained for the curing period.
 Then we get the pigment printed fabric.
Pigment?

Ans: pigments are insoluble coloring materials mostly organic and

inorganic have been used for the coloration of metal, wood, stone and
textile materials.

They do not have direct affinity to textile fiber. They are fixed on textile
material with binder.

Difference between dyes and pigment:

Dye Pigment
70 % dye soluble in water 100 % pigment insoluble in water
Costly Cheap
Oxo chrome present Oxo chrome absent
Binder is not used Binder must be used
Dye diffused in the fabric Dye diffused on the fabric

Q: Mention some trade name of pigment.

Name Company Country

Acranium F. bayer W. Germany
Acron Parck dye corporation W. Germany
Aqua print Inmount corporation USA
Seabound HDC company USA
Qualities of good pigments:

1. Pigment should have minimum particle size (0.2-0.4micron)

2. Pigment should have free mixing property
3. Pigment should have maximum covering power
4. Pigment should have resistance too solvent chemical etc.
5. Pigment should be chemically inert.
6. Pigment should have acceptable brilliance, hardness and stability on
dyed and printed goods.
7. Pigment should have good light and abrasion resistance.
8. Should be cheap and available in market.
9. Should have the ability to be applied on all textile fibers.

Ideal characteristics of good binder:

1. It should not impart any harsh and stiff handle to the fabric. It
should create a soft handle.
2. It should impart good rubbing and wash fastness properties to the
print area.
3. It should not impart any unhygienic or bad chemical impact on
the print.
4. The coating produce by the binder should be transparent.
5. It should have long lasting effect on the print.
6. It should be available in market.