GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE,

JALGAON
Department of Information Technology

Year 2019-20

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

Data communication ( Survey on guided transmission media )

Submitted By
IF3I- Roll No 18, 22, 36,63

GUIDED BY
Mr. S. S.Bhosale

( lecturer in IT )
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL
EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON (0018)

Program Name and Code : Information Technology (IF3I)

Course Name and Code : Data communication (22322)
Academic Year : 2020-2021
Semester : Third

A MICRO PROJECT
On
Survey on guided transmission
Submitted by the group of 4 students

Sr. Roll Enrollment

Name of student Seat No.
No. No. No.
1 18 Kaustubh D. Chaudhari 1900180074
2 22 Chetan Bharat Dhangar 1900180078
3 36 Rupesh M. Chaudhari 1900180093
4 63 Aryan V. Saindane 1900180121

Project Guide Mr. S. S.Bhosale (Lecturer in IT)

 Certificate

This is to certify that Roll No. 18,22,36,63 of 3rdSemester of Diploma in

Information Technology of Institute, Government Polytechnic,
Jalgaon(Code:0018) has completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in the subject
Data Communication (22322) for the Academic Year 2020-2021 as prescribed in
the curriculum.

Place:Jalgaon Enrollment No: 1.1900180074

Date: 2.1900180087

3.1900180093

4.1900180121

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Institution
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNICJALGAON

-SUBMISSION-

We are the student of 3rdSemester of the Programme Information Technology

humbly submit that I have completed from time to time the Micro-Project work as
described in this report by my own skills and study in academic year 2020 -2021
as per instructions/guidance of Mr. S. S. Bhosale .

And that following students were associated with me for this work, however,
quantum of my contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.

And that I have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any
other literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date: Signature of
Student
 Acknowledgement

This Micro project would not have been possible without considerable
guidance and support. So, we would like to acknowledge those who have enable us
to complete this project.

Firstly we would like to thank our project guide, Mr. S. S. Bhosale

(lecturer in IT ,Government Polytechnic Jalgaon) and Head Of IT
Department Mrs. S. D. Patil for providing the guideline with continuous advice
and feedback throughout the duration of finishing this project.We also thank to the
Dr. M. V. Ingale (principal of Government Polytechnic Jalgaon) for providing
us the opportunity to embark on this project

Secondly we would also like to thank all other staff members of IT

department that we may called upon for assistance since the genesis of this
project their opinion and suggestion have helped us in a realizing these project.

Also not to be forgotten, we would like to thank all our friends with the
report valuable opinion and sharing ideas during the process of this project

Finally we would like to thank our families for their understanding,

encouragement and support towards the completion of project.

Thank so much.
 CNTSCONTE

 Introduction
 History

 I Guided or wired communication to

 II. Unguided or wireless communications -
introduction
 Types of Transmission Media
 Applications

 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

 References
 Introduction
Transmission media can be defined as physical path
between transmitter and receiver in a data transmission
system. And it may be classified into two types as shown
 Guided: Transmission capacity depends critically on
the medium, the length, and whether the medium is
point-to-point or multipoint (e.g. LAN). Examples
are coaxial cable, twisted pair, and optical fiber.
 Unguided: provides a means for transmitting electro-
magnetic signals but do not guide them. Example
wireless transmission.
Characteristics and quality of data transmission are
determined by medium and signal characteristics. For
guided media, the medium is more important in
determining the limitations of transmission. While in case
of unguided media, the bandwidth of the signal produced
by the transmitting antenna and the size of the antenna is
more important than the medium. Signals at lower
frequencies are omni-directional (propagate in all
directions). For higher frequencies, focusing the signals
into a directional beam is possible. These properties
determine what kind of media one should use in a
particular application. In this lesson we shall discuss the
characteristics of various transmission media, both guided
and unguied. Nowadays, due to existence of distributed
systems, thanks to the power of internet, be it government
or private sectors they share information throughout the
organization in a more efficient and productive manner.
This can be possible only by networking the computers.
To make the Network there are two options one is wired
network and the second is Wireless network. Our focus is
to improve GiFi, which is a wireless network. The
wireless network uses radio frequencies, microwave to
connect computer. Wireless networks have given the
flexibility to be mobile and this improves availability.
This paper focuses on different hardware requirements,
the range and benefits of wired and wireless networks.
Finally a method is proposed to improve the transmission
limit of GiFi. This paper is logically split into 6 sections.
Section 1 is about introduction. Section 2 discusses about
guided or wired communications. Section 3 gives an
introduction about unguided or wireless communications,
Section 4 elaborates about GiFi, Section 5 proposes the
new model of GiFi with repeater booster like devices and
section 6 is conclusion.
Nowadays, due to existence of distributed systems, thanks
to the power of internet, be it government or private
sectors they share information throughout the
organization in a more efficient and productive manner.
This can be possible only by networking the computers.
To make the Network there are two options one is wired
network and the second is Wireless network. Our focus is
to improve GiFi, which is a wireless network. The
wireless network uses radio frequencies, microwave to
connect computer. Wireless networks have given the
flexibility to be mobile and this improves availability.
This paper focuses on different hardware requirements,
the range and benefits of wired and wireless networks.
Finally a method is proposed to improve the transmission
limit of GiFi. This paper is logically split into 6 sections.
Section 1 is about introduction. Section 2 discusses about
guided or wired communications. Section 3 gives an
introduction about unguided or wireless communications,
Section 4 elaborates about GiFi, Section 5 proposes the
new model of GiFi with repeater booster like devices and
section 6 is conclusion.
History
With guided transmission media, the waves are guided
along a physical path; examples of guided media include
phone lines, twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and
optical fibers. Unguided transmission media are methods
that allow the transmission of data without the use of
physical means to define the path it takes.
I. GUIDED OR WIRED
COMMUNICATIONS To
connect the computing devices different types of cables
are used. They are:

In early days of networks, network people used coaxial

cable (as shown in figure 1) to connect computers
together. Coaxial cable was one of the common cable
used for LAN. The other name for coaxial cable is
ThinNet. Coaxial cable are of two types:
 baseband
 broadband
Coaxial cable is terminated with British Naval Connectors
(BNC). Terminators used with BNC/thin coaxial cabling
must be 50-ohm terminators. Table 1 furnishes the facts
about coaxial cable.
II. UNGUIDED OR WIRELESS
COMMUNICATIONS -
INTRODUCTION
Computer networks have undergone a huge evolution as
shown in figure 5. For many years cables ruled the world
of computer networks. Then came optical fiber and it
played a upper hand because of its higher bit rates and
faster transmission. It had its own challenges in its
installation and it caused a great difficulty thus we led to
wireless access [1]. First came Bluetooth. It has been used
as wireless access which can cover a very short distance
of 9-10 meter. Next Wi-Fi, having coverage area of
91meters, has brought a revolutionary solution to the
short comings that appeared in the previous technology.
Those days the development of technology in Wireless
networks was not fortifiable [1]. But as days went by due
to advancement in technology, WiFi became part and
parcel of life. The following are the different types of
wireless technologies:
 Bluetooth
 Wi-Fi
 WiMax
 Gi-Fi

Types of Transmission Media

In data communication terminology, a transmission
medium is a physical path between the transmitter and the
receiver i.e it is the channel through which data is sent
from one place to another. Transmission Media is broadly
classified into the following types:

1. Guided Media: It is also referred to as Wired or

Bounded transmission media. Signals being transmitted
are directed and confined in a narrow pathway by using
physical links.
Features:
• High Speed
• Secure
• Used for comparatively shorter distances
There are 3 major types of Guided Media:

1.Twisted Pair Cable:

It consists of 2 separately insulated conductor wires
wound about each other.
Generally, several such pairs are bundled together in a
protective sheath. They are the most widely used
Transmission Media. Twisted Pair is of two types:
The wires in Twisted Pair cabling are twisted together in
pairs. Each pair would consist of a wire used for the +ve
data signal and a wire used for the -ve data signal. Any
noise that appears on 1 wire of the pair would occur on
the other wire. Twisted Pair cables are most effectively
used in systems that use a balanced line method of
transmission

Twisted Pair - Applications

 Most common medium
 Telephone network
 Between house and local exchange
 For local area networks (LAN)
 10Mbps or 100Mbps
1.Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP):
This type of cable has the ability to block interference and
does not depend on a physical shield for this purpose. It is
used for telephonic applications.

Advantages:
 Least expensive
 Easy to install
 High speed capacity
 Susceptible to external interference
 Lower capacity and performance in comparison to STP
 Short distance transmission due to attenuation

2.Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):

This type of cable consists of a special jacket to block

external interference. It is used in fast-data-rate Ethernet
and in voice and data channels of telephone lines.
Advantages:
 Better performance at a higher data rate in comparison
to UTP o Eliminates crosstalk
 Comparitively faster
 Comparitively difficult to install and manufacture
More expensive o Bulky
(ii) Coaxial Cable:
It has an outer plastic covering containing 2 parallel
conductors each having a separate insulated protection
cover. Coaxial cable transmits information in two modes:
Baseband mode(dedicated cable bandwidth) and
Broadband mode(cable bandwidth is split into separate
ranges). Cable TVs and analog television networks widely
use Coaxial cables.

Coaxial Cable Applications

 Television distribution
 Ariel to TV
 Cable TV
 Long distance telephone transmission
 Can carry 10,000 voice calls simultaneously
 Being replaced by fiber optic

Advantages:
 High Bandwidth
 Better noise Immunity
 Easy to install and expand
 Inexpensive
Disadvantages:
 Single cable failure can disrupt the entire network

(iii) Optical Fibre Cable:

It uses the concept of reflection of light through a core
made up of glass or plastic. The core is surrounded by a
less dense glass or plastic covering called the cladding. It
is used for transmission of large volumes of data.
The cable can be unidirectional or bidirectional. The
WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexer) supports two
modes, namely unidirectional and bidirectional mode.
Optical Fibre Cable Applications
 Optical fiber is used by many telecommunications
companies to transmit telephone signals
 Internet communication and cable television signals. It
is also used in a multitude of other industries

Advantages:
 Increased capacity and bandwidth
 Light weight
 Less signal attenuation
 Immunity to electromagnetic interference
 Resistance to corrosive materials
Disadvantages:
 Difficult to install and maintain
  High cost
 Fragile

2.Unguided Media:
It is also referred to as Wireless or Unbounded
transmission media.No physical medium is required for
the transmission of electromagnetic signals.
Unguided media transport electromagnetic waves without
using a physical conductor. This type of communication
is often referred to as wireless communication.
Features:
 Signal is broadcasted through air
 Less Secure
 Used for larger distances
There are 3 major types of Unguided Media:
1.Radiowaves :

These are easy to generate and can penetrate through

buildings. The sending and receiving antennas need not
be aligned. Frequency Range:3KHz – 1GHz. AM and FM
radios and cordless phones use Radiowaves for
transmission.
Further Categorized as
(i) Terrestrial and
(ii) Satellite.
Radiowaves Applications
 Radio waves are very widely used in modern
technology for fixed and mobile radio
communication, broadcasting
 radar and radio navigation  systems, communications
satellites
 ireless computer networks and many other applications

2.Microwaves:

It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and

receiving antennas need to be properly aligned with each
other. The distance covered by the signal is directly
proportional to the height of the antenna. Frequency
Range:1GHz – 300GHz. These are majorly used for
mobile phone communication and television distribution.
Microwaves Applications
 Microwaves are most commonly used in satellite
communications
 Radar signals phones, and navigational applications.
 Other applications where the microwaves used are
medical treatments, drying materials, and in households
for the preparation of food.

3.Infrared :

Infrared waves are used for very short distance

communication. They cannot penetrate through obstacles.
This prevents interference between systems. Frequency
Range:300GHz – 400THz. It is used in TV remotes,
wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.
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Infrared Applications
 The most powerful natural source of
infrared radiation is the sun. Even in antiquity, the
sun's "thermal radiation" was used to relieve a variety
of complaints.
 Examples of medical applications of
infrared radiation include the relief of muscle pain
and tension.
 Adverse effects of infrared radiation are particularly
likely if the temperature increase and exposure time
exceed critical limits.
 Conclusion
We learnt various things after complete this project

 History
 Guided or wired communications to
 II. Unguided or wireless communications -
introduction
 Types of Transmission Media
 Applications

 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 References
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj2_52og5jsAhUwzTgGHcoOD
bAQFjANegQIAhAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
%2FTransmission_medium&usg=AOvVaw2DpFMYc5IUElvnbr7K45CH https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj2_52og5jsAhUwzTgGHcoOD
bAQFjANegQIAhAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki
%2FTransmission_medium&usg=AOvVaw2DpFMYc5IUElvnbr7K45CH

https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj2_52og5jsAhUwzTgGHcoOD
bAQFjAQegQIDhAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geeksforgeeks.org%2Ftypes-transmission-media
%2F&usg=AOvVaw27Toa0n0dqajn_P1JtiX5Z

https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj2_52og5jsAhUwzTgGHcoOD
bAQFjATegQIDBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwikieducator.org
%2FTransmission_Media&usg=AOvVaw1lzLxANkqbC8YSo3MbkNK6

https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwj2_52og5jsAhUwzTgGHcoOD
bAQFjAUegQIDRAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slideshare.net%2Fasrabatool%2Fguided-transmission-
media&usg=AOvVaw2s9jd1HJsYCiS7Tq4XyAxb