Građenje glagolskih vremena u Engleskom jeziku

Na 2. strani se nalazi tabela koja predstavlja matricu po kojoj se gradi svih 12 vremena u Engleskom jeziku.
Tabela na strani 2. se koristi tako što se uzimaju podaci iz tabele prema redosledu koji je naveden u samom vrhu tabele, tj. izraz se gradi
po redosledu „1+2+3“.
Kod potvrdnog oblika i negacije uzimamo prvo podatak iz kolone „lice 1.“, pa zatim biramo iz kolona sa obeležjima „2.“ (zavisno da li je
u pitanju potvrdni oblik ili negacija), pa zatim uzimamo oblik glagola iz kolona „3.“ u svom obliku zavisno da li je pravilan ili nepravilan.
Kod upitnog oblika uzimamo prvo podatak iz poslednje kolone „pitanje 1.+2.“, pa zatim uzimamo oblik glagola iz kolona „3.“ u svom
obliku zavisno da li je pravilan ili nepravilan.
Posebno se gradi negacija u Past Simple vremenu tako što se posle izraza „did not“ stavlja oblik glagola u sadašnjem vremenu, a ne u
Past Simple vremenu, što je naznačeno dodatkom u zagradi u samoj tabeli na tom mestu.
U Present Simple vremenu nastavak „-s“ se dodaje glagolskom obliku samo u potvrdnom obliku, dakle ne dodaje se u negaciji i upitnom
obliku. To je u tabeli naznačeno tako što je naveden oblik glagola i sa nastavkom „-s“ i bez nastavka i u samoj tabeli je obeleženo ovom
žutom bojom.
U ovoj tabeli su stavljeni primeri jednog pravilnog i jednog nepravilnog glagola.
(Može se primetiti da je kod pravilnih glagola isti oblik samog glagola i u Past Simple vremenu i u sva 3 oblika Perfect vremena, dok je
kod nepravlnih glagola različit oblik samog glagola u Past Simple vremenu i u 3 oblika Perfect vremena. Pa je u ovoj tabeli Past Simple
oblik nepravilnog glagola markiran zelenom bojom. )
Na strani 3. se nalaze izvađeni kompletni oblici iz osnovne matrice za ova 2 glagola u primeru.
Na stranama 4. - 6. se nalaze objašnjenja o tome kada se koje vreme koristi u pričanju , odnosno prepričavanju, odnosno planiranju
određenih događaja.
[ Za onog ko namerava da koristi pravilno u govoru svih 12 vremena u Engleskom jeziku, već se podrazumeva da zna sledeće:
-kod pravilnih glagola isti je ublik i u Past Simple vremenu i u 3 oblika Perfekt vremena (Past Prefekt, Present Perfect, Futur Perfect)
i gradi se jednostavnim dodavanjem nastavka „-ed“
-kod napravilnih glagola dakle nema pravila, i oblik moramo naučiti (nabubati) napamet iz tabele, a izgovor najbolje učiti iz
originalnih zvučnih fajlova
-kod svih 6 oblika Continuous vremena oblik glagola se gradi dodavanjem nastavka „-ing“.

vreme lice potvrdni negacija 2. pravilni glagol nepravilni pitanje 1. + 2.

1. oblik 2. 3. glagol 3.
PROŠLOST

Past Simple I — did not (didn’t) (call, called drenk Did I (call, drink)
drink)
You — did not (call, drink) called drenk Did you (call, drink)
He/She — did not (call, drink) called drenk Did he/she/it (call,
/It drink)
We — did not (call, drink) called Did we (call, drink)
You — did not (call, drink) called drenk Did you (call, drink)
They — did not (call, drink) called drenk Did they (call, drink)
Past I was was not (wasn’t) calling drinking Was I
Continuous You were were not (weren’t) calling drinking Were you
(Progressive) He/She was was not calling drinking Was he/she/it
/It
We were were not calling drinking Were we
You were were not calling drinking Were you
They were were not calling drinking Were they
Past Perfect I had had not called drunk Had I
You had had not called drunk Had you
He/She had had not called drunk Had he/she/it
/It
We had had not called drunk Had we
You had had not called drunk Had you
They had had not called drunk Had they
Past Perfect I had been had not been calling drinking Had I been
Continuous You had been had not been calling drinking Had you been
(Progressive) He/She had been had not been calling drinking Had he/she/it been
/It
We had been had not been calling drinking Had we been
You had been had not been calling drinking Had you been
They had been had not been calling drinking Had they been
SADA

Present I — do not (don’t) call drink Do I

Simple You — do not call drink Do you
 He/She — does not (doesn’t) calls (call) drinks (drink) Does he/she/it
/It
We — do not call drink Do we
You — do not call drink Do you
They — do not call drink Do they
Present I am am not calling drinking Am I
Continuous You are are not calling drinking Are you
(Progressive) He/She is is not calling drinking Is he/she/it
/It
We are are not calling drinking Are we
You are are not calling drinking Are you
They are are not calling drinking Are they
Present I have have not (haven’t) called drunk Have I
Perfect You have have not called drunk Have you
He/She has has not (hasn’t) called drunk Has he/she/it
/It
We have have not called drunk Have we
You have have not called drunk Have you
They have have not called drunk Have they
Present I have been have not been calling drinking Have I been
Perfect You have been have not been calling drinking Have you been
Continuous He/She has been has not been calling drinking Has he/she/it been
(Progressive) /It
We have been have not been calling drinking Have we been
You have been have not been calling drinking Have you been
They have been have not been calling drinking Have they been
BUDUĆNOST

Future I will will not (won’t) call drink Will I

Simple You will will not call drink Will you
He/She will will not call drink Will he/she/it
/It
We will will not call drink Will we
You will will not call drink Will you
They will will not call drink Will they
Future I will be will not be (won’t be) calling drinking Will I be
Continuous You will be will not be calling drinking Will you be
(Progressive) He/She will be will not be calling drinking Will he/she/it be
/It
We will be will not be calling drinking Will we be
You will be will not be calling drinking Will you be
They will be will not be calling drinking Will they be
Future I will have will not have called drunk Will I have
Perfect You will have will not have called drunk Will you have
He/She will have will not have called drunk Will he/she/it have
/It
We will have will not have called drunk Will we have
You will have will not have called drunk Will you have
They will have will not have called drunk Will they have
Future I will have will not have been calling drinking Will I have been
Perfect been
Continuous You will have will not have been calling drinking Will you have been
(Progressive) been
He/She will have will not have been calling drinking Will he/she/it have
/It been been
We will have will not have been calling drinking Will we have been
been
You will have will not have been calling drinking Will you have been
been
They will have will not have been calling drinking Will they have been
been

vreme potvrdni oblik negacija pitanje nepravilni

 glagol
PROŠLOST

Past Simple I called I did not call Did I call drenk

You called You did not call Did you call drenk
He/She/It called He/She/It did not call Did he/she/it call drenk
We called We did not call Did we call drenk
You called You did not call Did you call
They called They did not call Did they call
Past I was calling I was not calling Was I calling drinking
Continuous You were calling You were not calling Were you calling drinking
(Progressive He/She/It was calling He/she/it was not calling Was he/she/it calling drinking
) We were calling We were not calling Were we calling drinking
You were calling You were not calling Were you calling drinking
They were calling They were not calling Were they calling drinking
Past Perfect I had called I had not called Had I called drunk
You had called You had not called Had you called drunk
He/She/It had called He/She/It had not called Had he/she/it called drunk
We had called We had not called Had we called drunk
You had called You had not called Had you called drunk
They had called They had not called Had they called drunk
Past Perfect I had been calling I had not been calling Had I been calling drinking
Continuous You had been calling You had not been calling Had you been calling drinking
(Progressive He/She/It had been He/She/It had not been Had he/she/it been drinking
) calling calling calling
We had been calling We had not been calling Had we been calling drinking
You had been calling You had not been calling Had you been calling drinking
They had been calling They had not been calling Had they been calling drinking
SADAŠNJOST

Present I call I do not call Do I call drink

Simple You call You do not call Do you call drink
He/She/It calls He/She/It does not call Does he/she/it call drinks
(drink)
We call We do not call Do we call drink
You call You do not call Do you call drink
They call They do not call Do they call drink
Present I am calling I am not calling Am I calling drinking
Continuous You are calling You are not calling Are you calling drinking
(Progressive He/She/It is calling He/She/It is not calling Is he/she/it calling drinking
) We are calling We are not calling Are we calling drinking
You are calling You are not calling Are you calling drinking
They are calling They are not calling Are they calling drinking
Present I have called I have not called Have I called drunk
Perfect You have called You have not called Have you called drunk
He/She/It has called He/She/It has not called Has he/she/it called drunk
We have called We have not called Have we called drunk
You have called You have not called Have you called drunk
They have called They have not called Have they called drunk
Present I have been calling I have not been calling Have I been calling drinking
Perfect You have been calling You have not been calling Have you been calling drinking
Continuous He/She/It has been He/She/It has not been Has he/she/it been drinking
(Progressive calling calling calling
) We have been calling We have not been calling Have we been calling drinking
You have been calling You have not been calling Have you been calling drinking
They have been calling They have not been calling Have they been calling drinking
BUDUĆNOST

Future I will call I will not call Will I call drink

Simple You will call You will not call Will you call drink
He/She/It will call He/She/It will not call Will he/she/it call drink
We will call We will not call Will we call drink
You will call You will not call Will you call drink
 They will call They will not call Will they call drink
Future I will be calling I will not be calling Will I be calling drinking
Continuous You will be calling You will not be calling Will you be calling drinking
(Progressive He/She/It will be calling He/She/It will not be calling Will he/she/it be calling drinking
) We will be calling We will not be calling Will we be calling drinking
You will be calling You will not be calling Will you be calling drinking
They will be calling They will not be calling Will they be calling drinking
Future I will have called I will not have called Will I have cal drunk
Perfect You will have cal You will not have cal Will you have called drunk
He/She/It will have cal He/She/It will not have cal Will he/she/it have cal drunk
We will have called We will not have called Will we have called drunk
You will have called You will not have called Will you have called drunk
They will have cal They will not have cal Will they have cal drunk
Future I will have been calling I will not have been calling Will I have been calling drinking
Perfect You will have been calling You will not have been Will you have been drinking
Continuous calling calling
(Progressive He/She/It will have been He/She/It will not have Will he/she/it have been drinking
) calling been calling calling
We will have been calling We will not have been Will we have been calling drinking
calling
You will have been calling You will not have been Will you have been drinking
calling calling
They will have been They will not have been Will they have been drinking
calling calling calling
Past Simple - (“prošlo prosto”)

Koristi se za radnje koje su okončane-potpuno završene (kada je radnja završena i nema nikakve veze sa
sadašnjošću). / I was in Liverpool last year. /
Koristi se za prošle radnj e čije se posledice ne osećaj u direktno u sadašnjosti.
/We went to school when we were children. /
Koristi se kada govorimo o stvarima koje želimo da se dogode ili bi trebalo da se dogode:
/It's time they were back. /; /I wish I had a new computer. /
Koristi se u zavisnoj rečenici ako je u glavnoj prosto prošlo vrijeme (slaganje vremena):
/The policeman told me I drove too much. /
Vrlo često se uvodi nekom vremenskom odrednicom npr."Yesterday, last week, a year ago, in 1695".
Koristi se za ustaljene radnje i navike iz prošlosti. /John's cut liked spaghetti. /; /Maria always dropped basketball. /

Past Continuous(Progressive) - (“prošlo trajno”)

Koristi se za stanja i događaj e koji su trajali u j ednom trenutku u prošlosti, a dati vremenski trenutak-period nije
mogao dugo da traje.
Koristi se za radnj e koj e su počele u j ednom trenutku u prošlosti i nij e sigurno da su još uvek završene. Za završene
radnje u prošlosti koristimo Past Simple.
Koristi se da se opiše pozadina, odnosno da se pred čitaoce postavi scena priče pisana u prošlom vremenu.
/James Bond was driving through town. It was raining. The wind was blowing hard. Nobody was walking in the streets.
Suddenly, Bond saw the killer in a telephone box... /
Koristi se da se opiše radnja koja j e trajala do trenutka kada j u je prekinula neka druga prošla radnja:
/ I was watching TV when you telephoned. /
Koristi se da se izrazi promena mišljenja:
/ I was going to spend the day at the beach but I've decided to go on an excursion instead. /
Koristi se za dvij e radnj e koje se dešavaj u istovremeno:
/ The children were playing while their mothers were chatting. /
Koristi se u zavisnoj rečenici umjesto nesvršene sadašnjosti ako je u glavnoj rečenici prošlost:
/I knew that he was talking to her about her daughter. /
Past Perfect - (“predprošlo”)
Koristi se kada se govori o radnji koja se već dogodila u prošlosti pre neke druge radnje u prošlosti.
Koristi se za izražavanje radnje za koju se pretpostavljalo da je trebalo da se dogodi u prošlosti - pre neke druge
radnje:
/Erin had checked the price before she booked the cabin. /; / We had left home before he came. / ; / The train left at 9am.
We arrived at 9.15am. The train had left when we arrived. / ; /I was not hungry. I had just eaten. /; /I didn't know who he
was. I had never seen him before. / ; /He said that he had seen him at the theatre. /
Koristi se u zavisnim rečenicama uz “after”:
/He got a headache after he had washed his hair. /
Koristi se iza izraza: “as if”, “if only”, ” I wish” da se izrazi nešto što nije ostvareno u prošlosti:
/I wish I had met you before. /; /If only you had sent me the SMS. /; /He played the basketball as if he had played in NBA. /
Past Perfect Continuous(Progressive) - (“predprošlo trajno”)
Koristi se za stanja i događaj e koji su trajali u j ednom periodu u prošlosti, a dati vremenski period j e relativno dugo
trajao. /When I was her, she was eating ice-cream. /; /At that time we were talking on the phone every day. /
Koristi se da bi se označila radnja koja je trajala u prošlosti pre neke druge prošle radnje:
/When I arrived, Ram had been waiting for two hours. / ; /John was very tired. He had been running. / ; /I could smell
cigarettes. somebody had been smoking. /
Koristi se u indirektnom govoru umesto trajnog oblika prošlog vremena (past continuous) u direktnom govoru:
(Direktni govor: /"Some of my friends have been playing cards all night." /
Indirektni govor: /Peter said that some of his friends had been playing cards all night. /)
Present Simple - (“sadašnje prosto”)

Koristi se za činjenična trenutna stanja i trenutne navike. /I like chocolate./; /The children watch TV every night. /
Present Simple se najčešće koristi za opšte iskaze ili radnje u sadašnjosti koje su vezane za određeni trenutak.
Koristi se za potvrđivanje poznate istine. /Fish live in water. /
Koristi se za označavanj e radnje čij e trajanj e nije određeno. /I write. /
Koristi se i onda kada se opisuj u uobičaj ene aktivnosti (radnj e koje se uobičajeno ponavljaj u), (koje se vrše po navici),
(koje se redovno ponavljaju). Tada se u rečenici često koriste prilozi za učestalost, kao što su: ussually, always, every day, often,
frequently, sometimes, occasionally.) /He reads the newspaper every morning. /; / I have an English lesson three times a week. /
Koristi za događaje u budućnosti kada je reč o STROGO ISPLANIRANOM VREMENSKOM TRENUTKU.
/My cousin arrives on Monday. /; /My husband travel to Moscow on the 27 th. /
Present Continuous(Progressive) - (“sadašnje trajno”)
Koristi se za trenutna stanja, za radnje koj e se dešavaju u trenutku govora i koj e traju određeni period. Uvek se odnosi na
period koj i osećamo kao jasno ograničen. /I am eating chocolate. /; /They're planning a trip. /
Koristi se kada se daju izjave koje važe samo u datom trenutku ili su prolaznog klaraktera.
/I'm looking for a new house. /; /My feet are killing me. /
Koristi se za predstavlj anje događaj a koji se ponavlj aj u (čij e j e traj anje neprekidno). Tada se u rečenici obično koriste
prilozi always, constantly, forever i sl. .
I ako je sadašnje glagolsko vreme, koristi se za STROGO ISPLANIRANE događaje, odnosno rokove u budućnosti.
/I'm going to Zagreb tomorrow. /; /Are you comming to the party tonight? /
Koristi se za moguće događaje sa velikom verovatnoćom. (Da se izrazi radnja koja je već isplanirana i desit će se u
budućnosti.) /It's going to rain. /; / I'm meeting my girlfriend tonight. /
Koristi se za radnje koje će se desiti u bliskoj budućnosti.
Koristi se kada se govori o aktuelnim dešavanjima, razvoju događaja ili trendovima.
/Our shares are falling. /; /People are buying smallers cars. /
Present Perfect - (“predsadašnje”)
Koristi se za radnj e koj e su počele u prošlosti i koj e još uvek traj u u sadašnjosti.
Koristi se za stanja i događaj e koji su započeli u prošlosti i koji u sadašnjosti nisu dovršeni (završeni), koji još uvek traju ili su
još uvek od velikog značaja (koji još uvek važe), (koji su još uvek aktuelni <<u američkom engleskom se često i za aktuelna stanja
često upotrebljava Past Simple>>).
/We have lived in London for five years./; /The plumber has been here since 9 a.m. . /
Koristi se za izražavanje povezanost između prošlosti i sadašnjosti, tačno vreme dešavanja radnje nije naznačeno, što znači
da smo više zainteresovani za rezultat radnje nego za samu radnju. Kada govormo kada se okončana radnja odvijala moramo
upotrebiti prošlo prosto vrijeme (past simple).
Koristi se da bi se reklo koliko dugo se već nešto dešava. /How long have they been in Nederland?/
Izrazi koji se često u rečenicama sa ovim vremenom su "ever, never, yet, not yet, how long, already, for, since, so far, untill
now, this week, this year...“ /We haven't met him./; /She hasn't called yet./ ; /Have you ever been to London? /; /I have know him
for two years. /
Koristi se da se izrazi radnja koja je završena u vremenskom periodu koji još traje:
/I have been to Zagreb this week. / (ove nedelje sam putovao u Zagreb, sedmica još nije završena);
Koristi se da se označi radnja koja j e završena nekad u prošlosti, ali j e rezultat radnj e (posledica) i dalj e važan:
/I have buoght a car. / (kupio sam auto, važno je da je auto kupljen, nije bitno kada);
Koristi se da se izrazi radnja koja se upravo dogodila (uz priloge "just" ili ''just now''):
/The guests have just entered the hall. /
Koristi se za saopštavanje novosti. /Marko has written another novel. /; /Clark has married for the fifth time./
Present Perfect Continuous(Progressive) - (“predsadašnje trajno”)
Koristi se za radnj e koj e su započete u prošlosti i koj e se u sadašnjosti još uvek kotinuirano, aktivno odvijaj u. /It has been
snowing since 2 o'clock./; /Erin has been living in Canada for a mont. / ; / I've been reading for two hours. /
Koristi se da izrazimo radnj u koja je nedavno ili upravo završila. I obično imamo sada imamo neku posljedicu.
/I'm tired because I've been running. /; /You don't understand because you haven't been listening. /
Često se koriste "for" i "since". “For” koristimo kada pričamo o razdoblju vremena: 5 minuta, 7 sedmica, 20 godina. Ako to
razdoblje seže do sadašnjeg trenutka upotrebljavamo uz “for” perfekt, a ako je to razdoblje završeno moramo upotrebiti past
simple. „Since” koristimo kada znamo od koje vremenske tačke se odvija radnja: u 9 sati, 7. januara, u petak. “For” se može
koristiti u svim vremenima, a “since” se obično koristi samo sa perfect vremenima.
/I've been studying for three hours. / ; /I've been watching TV since 7pm. /
Future Simple - (“buduće prosto”)

Koristi se da bi označila radnja koja će se desiti u budućnosti.

Koristi se za događaj e koji nisu planirani, nego se slučajno dešavaju ili mogu da se dese.
/It will rain soon. /; /If you aren't careful, you'll fall. /
Koristi se za izražavanje predloga i ideja prilikom planiranja.
/I will by drinks for the party. /; /John will take the car tomorrow, and we'll take the bus. /
Koristi se da bi se iskazalo obećanje, namera, pretn j a, ili spontana odluka vezana za budućnost.
/I'll meet you in the pub tonight./; /We'll go to Belgium this summer. /
Koristi se naročito često posle glagola koji označavaju očekivanje, nadu itd.
/I hope we will have better luck next day. /; /I expect that he will come tomorrow. /; /I will help her because she is beautiful.
/_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Future Continuous(Progressive) - (“buduće trajno”)
Koristi se za događaje za koji se zna da će se svakako odigrati, što znači da ne mora posebno da se planira.
/I can ask Marko. I'll be seeing him tomorrow. /
Koristi se će događaje koji će se ponavljati (trajaće) određeni trenutak-period u budućnosti, a dati trenutak-period neće
dugo trajati.
/I will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow. /; /We'll be having dinner when film starts. /; /Take your umbrella, it will be raining
when you return. /
Future Perfect - (“prebuduće”)
Koristi se za radnju koja će se desiti pre neke druge radnje u budućnosti:
/ When you arrive the rain will have left. /
Koristi se za radnju koja će se desiti i završiti do određenog vremena u budućnosti:
/They will have left the Parlament by 12 o'clock. /
Future Perfect Continuous(Progressive) - (“predbuduće trajno”)
Koristi se za radnj u koja traj e određeni period vremena do jedne druge buduće radnje ili oznake budućeg vremena kada
ova prva radnja još traje. Drugim rečima izražava radnj u koja će trajati do određenog budućeg vremena ili trenutka u
budućnosti, a ne u nekom određenom trenutku u budućnosti:
/At 20 o'clock in the evening, I will have been working ten hours. /; / He will have been travelling for 24 hours. /
Nepotpuni modalni glagol "can”/”could”/"be able to” kao i glagoli “know” i “like” nemaju Continuous oblike (ni Simple Continuous
ni Perfect Continuous oblike).
Glagol „want" nema samo Present Continuous oblik.
Najkorišćeniji 81 glagol koje bi trebao svako znati su:
-pravilni (28):
answer, arrive, ask, book, call, cancel, carry, change, close, cook, decide, enjoy, help, invite, like, listen, live, look, need, open,
play, stay, travel, visit, wait, want, wash, work
-nepravilni (53):
be, become, begin, break, bring, buy, can/be able to, catch, choose, come, cost, cut, do, drink, drive, eat, fall, feel, find, fly,
forget, get, give, go, have, hear, hurt, know, learn, leave, lend, lose, make, meet, pay, put, read, run, say, see, sell, send, shut,
sit, sleep, speak, spend, stand, swim, take, think, wear, write.
barmanmixer@gmail.com
Engleski memo
English memo card

Tko? Who? Biti / Be Imati / Have

ja I ja sam I am (I'm) ja imam I have

ti you ti si you are (you're) ti imaš you have

on he onje he is (he's) on ima he has

ona she ona je she is (she's) ona ima she has

ono it ono je it is (it's) ono ima it has

mi we mi smo we are (we're) mi imamo we have

vi you vi ste you are (you're) vi imate you have

oni they oni su they are (they're) oni imaju they have

Obicni prezent / The Present Simple Tense 1 one

2 two
Igo We go I, You, We, They
Do you go? 3 three
You go You go 4 four
He, She, It
They go
He/She/It goes Does she go? 5 five
six
Nesvršeni prezent / Present Continuous Tense 6
7 seven
I am going. We are going.
8 eight

You are going. You are going. 9 nine

He/She/It is going. They are going. 10 ten

11 eleven

Perfekt / The Past Simple Tense 12 twelve

I was. We were. 13 thirteen

You were. You were. 14 fourteen

15 fifteen
They were.
He/She/It was. 16 sixteen

Futur / The Future Tense 17 seventeen

18 eighteen
I will go. We will go.
19 nineteen
You will go. You will go. 20 twenty

He/She/It will go. They will go.

I___| yellow I | red | | green I______| white

|__| orange I | purple | | brown 1_____1 grey

I___| rose 1 I blue black

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