University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures

Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester

Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

S>0

S>0

S>a
By ∫ udv = uv − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
𝑢 = sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑢 = 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑣= −𝑠
∞ ∞ ∞ −𝑠𝑡
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑒
ℒ sin 𝑎𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [sin 𝑎𝑡 ] −∫ 𝑎 cos 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 −𝑠 0 0 −𝑠
By ∫ udv = uv − ∫ 𝑣𝑑𝑢
∞ −𝑠𝑡 ∞ 𝑢 = cos 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑢 = −𝑎 sin 𝑎𝑡
𝑒 𝑎 ∞ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
ℒ sin 𝑎𝑡 = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [sin 𝑎𝑡 ] + ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 cos 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑣=
0 −𝑠 0 𝑠 0 −𝑠

∞ ∞
−𝑠𝑡
𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑎 ∞ 𝑎2 ∞
∫ 𝑒 sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = [sin 𝑎𝑡 ] − [ 2 cos 𝑎𝑡 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 ] − 2 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡
0 −𝑠 0 𝑠 0 𝑠 0

∞ ∞
𝑎2 −𝑠𝑡
𝑎 −𝑠𝑡
𝑠2 𝑎 𝑎
(1 + 2 ) ∫ 𝑒 sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 → ∫ 𝑒 sin 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 2 2
× = 2
𝑠 0 𝑠 0 𝑠 +𝑎 𝑠 𝑠 + 𝑎2
𝒔
Prove that 𝓛 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒂𝒕 = 𝒔𝟐 +𝒂𝟐

1
University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

S>0

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University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

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University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

Using first shifting property

𝑓(𝑡) ℒ𝑓(𝑡)
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 𝑛 𝑛!
(𝑠 − 𝑎)𝑛+1
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 sin 𝑏𝑡 𝑏
(𝑠 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑏 2
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑏𝑡 𝑠−𝑎
(𝑠 − 𝑎)2 + 𝑏 2
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 sinh 𝑏𝑡 𝑏
(𝑠 − 𝑎)2 − 𝑏 2
𝑒 𝑎𝑡 cosh 𝑏𝑡 𝑠−𝑎
(𝑠 − 𝑎)2 − 𝑏 2

3) Laplace Transforms of Derivatives

𝐼𝑓 𝐹 (𝑠) = ℒ {𝑓(𝑡)} Then

ℒ {𝑓 ′ (𝑡)} = ℒ𝑓(𝑡) − 𝑓(0) = 𝑠𝐹 (𝑠) − 𝑓 (0)
Prove
∞ ∞
′(
ℒ {𝑓 𝑡)} = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 ′(
𝑓 𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = [𝑒 −𝑠𝑡
𝑓(𝑡)]∞
0 + 𝑠 ∫ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)
0 0
= 𝑠𝐹 (𝑠) − 𝑓(0)
Therefor

ℒ {𝑓 ′′ (𝑡)} = 𝑠 2 𝐹(𝑠) − 𝑠𝑓 (0) − 𝑓 ′ (0)

ℒ {𝑓 ′′′ (𝑡)} = 𝑠 3 𝐹(𝑠) − 𝑠 2 𝑓(0) − 𝑠𝑓 ′ (0) − 𝑓 ′′ (0)

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University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

In general

ℒ {𝑓 𝑛 (𝑡)} = 𝑠 𝑛 𝐹 (𝑠) − 𝑠 𝑛−1 𝑓(0) − 𝑠 𝑛−2 𝑓 ′ (0) − ⋯ − 𝑓 𝑛−1 (0)

f(t)dt

Sin (2t)dt

Sin (2t)dt

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University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

F(s) ds

𝑑
Prove that: ℒ 𝑓(𝑡) = − 𝐹(𝑠)
𝑑𝑠
∞
𝐹(𝑠) = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 by differentiation the two side for S
𝑑 𝑑 ∞ −𝑠𝑡
𝐹(𝑠) = ∫ 𝑒 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 0

𝑑 ∞
𝐹(𝑠) = − ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 (𝑡 𝑓(𝑡))𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠

𝑑 𝑑
𝐹(𝑠) = −ℒ {𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)} → ℒ{𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)} = − 𝐹(𝑠)
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠

𝑓(𝑡) ∞
Prove that: ℒ = ∫0 𝐹(𝑠)
𝑡
∞
𝐹(𝑠) = ∫0 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 by integration the two side for S
∞
∫𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)𝑑𝑠 = ∫𝑠∞ [∫0∞ 𝑒−𝑠𝑡 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡] 𝑑𝑠
∞
∞ ∞ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡 ∞ 𝑒 −𝑠𝑡𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 𝐹(𝑡)
∫𝑠 𝐹(𝑠) 𝑑𝑠 = ∫0 [ −𝑡 ] 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = ∫0
𝑡
=ℒ
𝑡
𝑠

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University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

Some important trigonometric functions

1-

2-

3-

4-

5-

6- ,

7-

8-

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University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi

Solved problems: Find the Laplace transformation of the following functions:

1+cos 2𝑡 cos 3𝑡+3 cos 𝑡 1
1. ℒ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑡 = ℒ𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑡 cos 𝑡 = ℒ cos 𝑡 = ℒ = [ℒ cos 3𝑡 +
2 4 4
1 𝑠 3𝑠 𝑠 3 +7𝑠
3ℒ cos 𝑡] = [ + ]=
4 𝑠 2 +9 𝑠 2 +1 (𝑠 2 +9)(𝑠 2 +1)

𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ4𝑡−1 1 1 𝑠 1 8
2. ℒ 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 2𝑡 = ℒ = [ℒ cosh 4𝑡 − ℒ 1] = [ 2 − ]=
2 2 2 𝑠 −16 𝑠 𝑠(𝑠2 −16)

sin 7𝑡−sin 𝑡 1 1 7 1
3. ℒ sin 3𝑡 cos 4𝑡 = ℒ [ ] = [ℒ sin 7𝑡 − ℒ sin 𝑡] = [ − ]=
2 2 2 𝑠 2 +49 𝑠 2 +1
3𝑠 2 −21
(𝑠 2 +49)(𝑠 2 +1)

4! 2!
4.ℒ(2𝑡 2 − 1)2 = ℒ[4𝑡 4 − 4𝑡 2 + 1] = 4ℒ[𝑡 4 ] − 4ℒ[𝑡 2 ] + ℒ[1] = 4 −4 =
𝑠5 𝑠3
1
(96 − 8𝑠 2 + 𝑠 4 )
𝑠5

𝑒 𝑎𝑡 +𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 1
5. ℒ cosh 𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑎𝑡 = ℒ [(
2
) cos 𝑎𝑡] = 2 [ℒ𝑒 𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑎𝑡 + ℒ𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 cos 𝑎𝑡] =
1 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠+𝑎 1 𝑠−𝑎 𝑠+𝑎
[(𝑠−𝑎)2 2
+ (𝑠+𝑎)2 2
]= [ + ]=
2 +𝑎 +𝑎 2 𝑠 2 −2𝑎𝑠+2𝑎 2 𝑠 2 +2𝑎𝑠+2𝑎2
1 2𝑠 𝑠
[ ]=
2 𝑠 4 +4𝑎4 𝑠 4 +4𝑎4

𝑑 𝑑 𝑠 (𝑠 2 +𝑎2 )(1)−𝑠(2𝑠) 𝑠 2 −𝑎2

6. ℒ 𝑡 cos 𝑎𝑡 = − ℒ cos 𝑎𝑡 = − [ ] = −[ ] = (𝑠2
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠 𝑠 2 +𝑎 2 (𝑠 2 +𝑎2 )2 +𝑎2 )2

𝑒 −𝑎𝑡+𝑒 −𝑏𝑡
7.ℒ
𝑡

𝑓(𝑡) ∞
ℒ = ∫𝑠 𝐹(𝑠)𝑑𝑠
𝑡

1 1
ℒ𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 = & ℒ𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 =
𝑠+𝑎 𝑠+𝑏

𝑒 −𝑎𝑡 +𝑒 −𝑏𝑡 ∞ 1 1
ℒ
𝑡
= ∫𝑠 (
𝑠+𝑎
−
𝑠+𝑏
) 𝑑𝑠 = [𝑙𝑛(𝑠 + 𝑎) − 𝑙𝑛(𝑠 + 𝑏)]∞
𝑠

𝑙𝑛(𝑠+𝑏)
= −[𝑙𝑛(𝑠 + 𝑎) − 𝑙𝑛(𝑠 + 𝑏)] =
𝑙𝑛(𝑠+𝑎)

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University of Technology Engineering Analysis Lectures
Mechanical Engineering Dept. 2nd class 2nd Semester
Dr. Ahmed Abdulnabi