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Tibetan Quadrisyllabics, Рhrаsеs and Idioms

Асhаrуа Sangye Т. Naga

and
Tsepak Kgzin

LIBRARY ОF T|BETAN WORKS AND ARCH|VES

Copyright@l994: Library of Tibetan Works and Archives publisherns Note
FiTst Print 1994

А very important element of Tibetan language

which has provided life and beauty in the
evolution of human thought communication is its
riсh rероsitоrу of Idioms and Phrases. It makes fоr
conveying а point оr idea just in опе single idiom
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED what could not Ье expressed in so mапу рrоsаiс
sentences. Efficiently effective and melodious, it is
No portion of thb pubПcation mау Ье reproduced in any fоrm чеrу commonly used аmопg the older generation
without the ргiоr реrmЬsiоп of the pubbher. Tibetans. New gепеrаtiоп of Tibetans аrе not чеrу
аwаrе of the importance of this aspect of the
language. It is feared that if оur gепеrаtiоп сап not
рrеsеrvе this rich aspect of the language, there may
Ье а danger of losing this richly melodious aspect
of the language.
Тhеrеfоrе I impressed upon its imроrtапсе to
Мr. Tsepak Rigzin and Мr. Sangye Т. Naga to
bring this work to light. I аm thanКul for their
response and lаЬоur of love. It is hoped that this
ISBN: 81-85102-90-2 small effort will contribute in some way towards
the enrichment and рrеsеrчаtiоп of the Tibetan
language.

Gyatsho Тshеriпg
Dirесtоr.

PubШred Ьу tlre Library of TrbetanWorks and Archives (I-TWA), January 1994

Dharamsala, ЁtР.) 176215, bldia, and printed at Indraprastha
Press (СВТ) 4, BahadurShah ZЫarMalgNew Delhi-110m2.
 ý.
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Соmрilег's Note
ýч,Еq(,i,11,а,ч5а,,1а,1<,Нl,Flк,!,а
сд et, q ý, бI,ýql,чr,пýq,ý-1 Kтq el к, аl,а\,яl,iq,ý"'tпlо' Ijoined the LiЬrаrу of Tibetan Works and Archives
оп August 1st 1991, as а mеmЬеr of its Research
каr,&,q<,п,Qч,окl,Э,tril \.,оВq,f1,rftI,ф,ýq,аiпк,
and Translation Вurеаu. One of the first project
5<,1ы
к,п[l,ýх,, п &, р1, Fк, ý, t1 к, ft 1 ы к,{<, а Q o.1, 1 <, ,
that was assigned to mе Ьу both Мr. Gyatsho
Tshering, Director and Мr. Tsepak Rigzin, the then
{,fl ffi а5, gr, ý,Щ, Щ ý, 5 (,ч N,
,
ý, {, ff
1
Бl
Tfr.i, $q,ч q,
5 head of the Ьurеаu, was this small collection of
1
а, а
\,
п
Q
q,
ý, ч
{,ý, s,,{ ад п qý к, ý r, {1, !, 5
а, er {l' п.' \' quadrisyllabics, and idioms. The Library felt that
this type of book was needed fоr its language
т а
students, thеrеfоrе iп 1980 LTWA obtained Мг.
ш к, п, <, Уа, п d q, q к, $-п1 к, п ч, п к, к, & q,
0
1 Q 5 g Q, ý1 1

а\ к,з<,Y5,Е, g,оFq,зh,t1,1q к,5ч gп,кi, Jampa ChoedaKs initial collection of idioms from
",ý",тч, ý,
Мr.Реmа Gyalpo. These idioms and phrases wеrе
gтgr,ts1,1 1Qк,ý1аlы,1<,пsк,{1,!,1а,еl{1,F(,&1, added to the collection being рrераrеd Ьу
о, ý,
ý, ч{5, q,
ýl, ý( ý,s N, ý qq, {, <, Н, к п1, i ý], qE
1 1 1 Е, ýЕ,
Mr.Rigzin, whose sоurсеs wеrе derived frоm
various Tibetan articles, books, most notably frопr
His Holiness the Dalai Lama's public speeches.
i*,оаll Having entrusted this project to mе, I worked in
the sincerity of being able to motivate and aiding
individuals, who show а keen interest in the
Tibetan Language, Ье they Tibetans оr Westerners.
Fоr further information, опе interesting article
on quadrisyllabic phrases, entitled: "The Phonetic
Struсturе of ABCD Тур. Words in Моdеrп Lhasa"1
and опе сhарtеr on "Phrases" in The Classicлl
ТiЬеtап Lлпguаgl аrе suggested. In addition, the
following Tibetan language books аrе also
rесоmmеп ded Моdеrп ТiЬеtап Lапguаgе VoI.I €l IP,
Д Basic Grаtпrпаr of Моdеrп Sроkеп ТiЬеtапа, Esseпtials
of Моdеrп Literary ТiЬеtап', Моdеrп Sроkеп ТiЬеtап:
Lhлsа DiлIect6,Textbook of Colloquial ТiЬеtап7 and Neal
рtап Тiьеtап Grammar апd Тrапslаtiопq.
vlll
 This book is ainred to act as а bridge between
the so called litеrаrу and colloquial language.
Тhеrеfоrе, it is siпсеrеlу hoped that this book mау
Ье prove to Ье а sоurсе of guidance. Lastly I wish
to thank Мr. Tenzin Dоrjее, the senior most
translator at LTWA, fог his assistance in editing this
book. Мау this book help the rеаdеr to sКllfully
master the Tibetan language, whеrеЬу опе can rеаd
both the classical as well as the mоdеrп Tibetan
litеrаturеs!
Асhаrуа Sangye Т. Naga
LiЬrаrу of Tibetan Works and Archives,
Dharanrshala, Н.Р. INDIA.
й\
l primordial puriý with spontaneiý/primordial
Tl,
1ý[ ý1' ýý
purity with self-perfection,,11qg1ýýq,ý<,шh,lq<,qv
пlц<к,кh,.q,о'Qоlrlt The'primordial purity with spontaneiý'
is а philosophical view in the Nyingma tradition (of Tibetan
Buddhism).
с\
'тl'п{'г{Е.ч'ыё'gq'ч1 Lit.: decorating pillars with pine
brancheY Sense implied: uппесеssаrу aids 1пr,аеп],аrh,
g1.кr.ý9ý.ц,i,ý-^, rЁ,о gп,6Г5,аrрl,ч,{r,ff п g'Sш'ц5'к'Ч'ýl
Decorating pillars with pine branches is such as giving опе
hundred rupees to sоmеопе who has thousands of rupees.

л-a
'тl,Т.,fra,{ч compПcatiory'controversial issue
rк,1,а\,аgп' T

K,a1,1;(r,fr <,}-1, el <,{аГ1'111 Тhеrе аrе many complications in

accomplishing this task

dilly-dallying/ to
"1a,Tal 1а,{,r,ýl,к1 1,i,!rr,пql,ч1
complain оr make some excuses ýп'$'ý5'ýк']'r'fа'п'ý11
Do not dilly-dally while studying.

ъ,е,ъ,а,! concave/ uпечепу а land with mапу holes ý,

аrЕ.{h.i.оlы.lч.а.;!-<.аýпl,аfiпq,б6(<,! It is difficult to go
through the uпечеп mountain passses of high lands-

onrniscient wisdom/all knowing wisdom

1ч,аlВч,fr,iкt
ý(ý,ýýчэýпчк,g шВl,fi ,.Qк,сш,пýq,Еý,1\,ая,ф,Fк,},аф-*,,tr
 ТgЧ*'Оlf.'ЧlЕ'''l Lit.: The boatman decides where the
5.'dofr-.l Buddha Shakyamuni turпеd the first wheel of
Dharma at Sarnath through His omniscient wisdom. boat goes"/ Sense implied: the one iп power makes the
decisions 1-gч.'чF'lо7q'кh'шп1х'df,51 The boat is in boat
mап's hand whеrе to lead.
someone who commands universal faith and
T1'51,Tq,&'Kt
respecVadmired and respected Ьу all uý'к,к,ugпк,оfi,а1
to let dowry'to betray some one's trusVto
бelфt,а{ ш,ft <,q<,к,OГ<к,tlтrl,ш, &'",Э,lз,о Еl,л (,5ч,ц,ач, '(оч,fl,оt
disgrace Е.,Ц",i,R.,31gащ,п gr,ýllпк,gщ,р,Yп,рr,!{яп1
all His Holiness the Dalai Lama is ап able and honest
leader who commands universal faith and admiration frоm all f]'{.'l.Today he let the team down in the match at the last
lBuddhists throughout the world. minute.

ýч'yi'iч,е^l nroral improvemenvethical rесопstruсtiоп \iяп1аgvф,1 Lit.: to drор the end of а rоре/ Sense

<,i,тq,ý1,1ч,е.,ýr,lФl implied: letting down а cause

чqтO,тq,ý-1,5ý,П.,ý5,ц,н,Yl,ш r,r "rK{q'ч,{ffi,l<,3,q<,3l,
Опе needs to improve one's own moral conduct Ьеfоrе пrр
1,],Fк, к{1ш!rяп1аgцФ,оlТц,ft
щ rrl People who play
imрrочiпg other/s morality. double deal will drор their end and fail in their wоrk

giving moTal guidance от training 6<,ýк,чh,

q. с\
Тq'ý-l'{тЧýl i'ц'ý1llýI'qN'ýý'rla'gE'ýl Lit.: cut frоm the same cloth
(leather); а chip Бff the old blocV frоm the same mould
1К'qК'Ш'а-5'Ъ-Ч *-О Ч{Чf.'lЦ-"l Moral guidance should Ье
given from childhood onwards. g,Еч,ý,аТqfi 1,пlкч,ч,Fч,с^l<,i-l,ft ,FK,&1aK,ý1,!,aгr11 ч(,
аrlк,Эr,q1 i,Щ,То,чЗ1,1к,5к,чfr,ýq,ýч,?ч,if| Tibetans do
welfare
тЕ,(Е,R(,ýlý] tradition of universal
B-K,gar,{<,
not trust even the new Chinese lеаЁеrs Ьесаusе they аrе iust
пdq,ц ar,{h,1 пк,ц,П-1,!,g"l,ý
1,Tt,Kq,i.,ti",E,ff ЕN,ýý<Nl а cut from the same cloth.
King Songtsen Gаmро ruled his empire through the tradition
of universal welfare. cur v е d/ zigza g/windin g/ob lique к, аЪiк,
U ý' УЧ' Ф a.r,R, ar ar,g,ý,

jack of all trades and master of none/ ýп, fl'ý'аr<'бrif<'! There аrе many winding paths оп highlands.
1Ч'iý.1\'ýý]ý1
ý.,ýт",l,Ъ,кlq5,н,аr,аРщ,l,тqЧц,чЗq5qк,аqfi,i51 If
ýl,ýчl,У1ýч5l beating аrоuпd the bush ft,чаf,g,вq,]к,
sоmеопе does not focus оп the point of one's studies, опе
will Ьесоmе а jack of all trades and master of none. кllк,{к,пlк <,{<,еr,пql,к\,щ,ýqlrd1,пq$1!,аtrпt Those
deceitful persons wеrе beating around the bush without
giving the information сlеаrlу.
 к 5,Yq, g, ý \,,l к
j,,л (,аR,ц,э.,а,У.,а, d'ý (' Qп
Э(' e'Ua'a' furrоwей ridged ý.,oroE,\,*, к f к, а, < ф, g п к ý] N, ц R, цн, 1
,
Ъ-q, ft 1,
т,
1
б 5,т]
1
Thonmi sambhota visited India Ьу overcorning the difficulties
QЧ'ОiЧ The beggar has an old ridged pot.
of extreme climate with соurаgе.

п(,(,т(,(,l
lll
\i/ \
еrесt оr standing/ uprighV towering/ tall and
'аtrЧ 1Ia,(a',1+'aq1 facing difficultiesДearingthe burden/
thin ýaгelBK,!,Q,&,]K,ыl,al tsl,дr,R,f<,е,5к'}'п g'fi
The neighbours cat looks with erect ears, willinglY accepting the difficu]ties ýý{'К{'$'{ч'tr 51о,,*,
practice to
5<'ýaq'Ký'5<'RaK'}'ý1'o'&11 It is а Bodhisattva
daily duties/customary duties/regular routine accjpt difficulties willingly fоr the welfare of others,
iч,u^,3r,{
ý
q, rh,ft ý],sr, ý 5,ff а gк,ф,еr,п1<,1,ffаф-ч,ы Е,шк,{q, gE,ýK,
hardships Ц-5'"'
1т!q'(Ф'r{!ý'qЕ('] struggling through
".r,

аgП'!'i51 If daily routines аrе performed unfailingly, then

the year/s work will Ье accomplished naturally. п{l,Ъ-п,к,щ,51а,<аt,ы<,{r,аяп,аЕ<,5ф,к,&а, We have to
struggle through mапу problems in order to get
independence.
fч,оЕч",Ц зо,аq,Ц durable/ lasting !,gа,ý,<к,а,i,rq,
ýl.fl.ilЕчN.баýЧ Fоrеigп clothes аrе very durable and ýlт]fr'(Ф'ý5ýý'ч&ý] to create troubles and burden, ý'т
lasting.
Bad and
ý-\'.q,l,r*,^.,i,q.,*,1пl,d,(сц,ý{qý,ýl&п,,пЕп,i11 homes.
iaughty children create troubles and Ьurdепs in their
дi,В.,ыЕчý,ýзR,I hardliners/ stubboTn/ orthodox/
conservativq iý]к,ч,(цк,lqý,iк,g,lý(,1{ý] д5,В<,аЕчк, problenrs 5ftчк,цч,Зq,{Qч,аgп,п,аr,
1т]q,(а,,q,е,(,] various
п3<'ý'iк'ц'"{ý('fr'ъ('I Опе should follow right reasonings orre has to
51а,<ч,ý,п<,Qч,ок5,g*,\,аr,q{<,аа,Вirоl-"l
Ьut not conservative peopleДardliners.
соuпtеr various рrоЬЁms in оrdег tcl accomplish а great aim,

aq'T1e'('ýlQ1 tt"," background of the dispute р,еrба\h,д11, to solve the problenrs conrpletely В5'Ц<'
11a'(fi'1da'R*]
бr.,чQi,о{'rгF5,к,акlа,чý,Эý,lýý],Q<,щ,пýа,qк,g<,I The дll уоur
ý,11а,<ч,qак,5gаЕl,ш }-л1,1к,qd<,Rаr,чq<,ýп,Э,is]
background of the dispute in the case is the divisive act of
troubles сап Ье solved Ьу the boss.
some foolish people.

created problenrs 5ý'Тчк,

51q,ыl,аl,пYк1 intenfionally
11q'(oJ'El'ýý1I overcoming the difficulties with соurаgе
qK,11a,fi,E 5,пYк,5к,ч,q er к, eri-<,gT к,1<, а {a,r,oE,,o, lф t
 ýff ý,ý,чiý,чз ý, et,ýTq,EI {q,*,51.,Eт{{oTe-.] опе wочl d
Опе should not get deceived Ьу рrоЬlеms created
intentionally Ьу enemies. cttnfuse right frоm wrong if the instructions were not given
clearly.

iТl'ý1'8('ЪЧ courage and dfigence/ реrsечеrапсе to

II{,qч,qýý'Шt Lit.: а mixfure of white and blacV Sense
епdurе 5,тlq,ýl,а(,ýк,п!q,хк,q1 lý,ý,ч(,сц(,11а,п,fi51 I
iпrplied: to have both good and bad qualiЁes/ В'ОЗ'q.'i'
No wоrk is difficult provided one has соurаgе апd diligence.
цý'5'']{'Еч'а!к'шfr'а5к's&qt The happiness
fl'gч,со"1
and suffering of this life аrе the results of good and bad
11rl,ýl,ýýl,ъý1 stoic endurance/ austerity qQK'qK,d1,
асЁопs.
i g к, q ш к, п f,q,п., l n1.1,ý 1,tý1, trý, ar <, ff п g п, ý, g.,,iq t
tr,
Tibetans in Tibet experienced mапу painful austerities in
5Iтqч,ýi1,(Е'1 right and wrong/ truе and false qqч,g<,
prisons.
ýак,пlкl,i1{ЕI l11^,Еqпi16q,,1ýтýтYш1 O!magistrate
the holder of the law; Kndly discriminate between the true
1Т]q'ýl'ýý'БЧý1 hаrd worКng and simple way of life
and the false.
ф-<}r<.fr чк{q.аr5lа.п.g5,пY5,к,{п,аl,зl,зч,а,ý,чq('q(ýqq'

tr'ПП'аlК'баlЧ Не is поt only hard worНng Ьut also 11{,qч,qЕ,qЗ1l Lit.: distinguishing white and the blacV
maintains а simple way of life.
Sense impПed: to distinguish right from wrong ý('fr'
ftl,fiк,51r,Ечч5'qЭ5'ýýl An honest еуе can distinguish
1'т'!q'ýl'q ýl'ý FЕ] steadfast реrsечеrапсе {еr,ш,l1r{,ý5,аý5,
what is right and wrопg.
ýFЕ,11 1&,5еl,qш,lЭlк,g<,{df<'r 1 Опе will have а vision of
the deity very soon if*one реrsечеrеs steadfastly in one's
meditation. 1I{'б5т,,0(''1 рurе white/ complete white ц{а}-l,qк,g
к,51r,б5lr,о<,чЗч,ч\к,Vц'I The lord bought а рurе
white chupa (Tibetan traditional dress).
i1q,т{E,Yit ýl,ч,iк,ýll work hаrd now and enjoy the
fruit lаtег ffqq,i.]o,o,{q,ýýrl 1\,a5K,ýl'K'i"'sýrll А
iлr,бýq,i1,1(,qч,{_ч{,i1l promoting the white (righO
wiseman works hаrd first and then enjoys happiness
consequentially. and putting down the black (wrong) fielк,5{q,qK,5n]\,T

ýq,ir,:.,qч,Тз.,lr,Э,iзl,в,чТ<,gо,D,ili The jtldge can

11{,fl,{тч Lit.: to confuse white fгоm blacly' Sense issue decrees to promote the white (right) and put down the
implied: to confuse right frопr wrong/ misunderstanding black (wrong).
11{,Ra,N,Eo1ýol Lit.: white mind is veiled Ьу blacly' tfч,члш,Ф"l rumоurs spreading abouУ to sргеаd
Sense impПed: а virtuous mind is obscured Ьу u urs
r tt пl() ý5,Fеrglбатоh,:t-ч,ччш,{бк,аtrч 1п]Е,ч,t5,
negative арреаrапсе trK,<1ýlK,al&,trK,a\r1 15,{1ý,пh,
ýЦl I hеаrd а rumоur that you аrе not getting оп well with
Rшк,qшк1 11,бft,5ýк,пýп,df,<,1 In this period of (five) rrne апоthеr. Is it truе?
degenerations white virtuous thoughts аrе veiled Ьу black
попчirtuеs.
ýТlЧ'qац'F'ц1 hoarding fоr gain ц,ffшlагQч,сrtýp(N,qý,
<,п"lч,ýа"l,F,{d1ýN,э(,(1,qýN,r,,ý(,l
*l,пY<,ц
iТq,чi^,3ý,ý5{,б.lFý,ýч,qI 1Rr,ц rl,ц,ý5(,йi'(,{
К' 1q'
1к'F1,
Last уеаr, although the co-operative society kept the maize
The очеr industrious monastic саrеtаlеr mау turn the
сrор соrп for profit Ьу not selling it on time, but it was not
golden statue into brass. чк'{q,1<,щ,(^, (,ýý,tý]ц,а,sч,q,l{q, beneficial.

1}ч,ý,пlr,аrрк,чк,1&\,t,{ч,сl,,ý5<,пR,5Q,пQq,dГ<,1 If
someone is over-industrious in one's work then it will
resemble the over-industrious саrеtаkеr who turпеd the gold
into brass Ьу rubbing so muсh that gilding wоrп away.
1!ш'аф-r'пQ.*'оI construction of а mandala Тi'Э'iа
*lr1F(,ýýЕ,rк,qЭlк,!,1}ш,яф-r,ltqпQ<ч,6f51
of AvaloНteshvra is constructed at the Tibetan Library.
пlq'gft'l{к'Цк1 contraband goodYprohibited goods/
illegal goods g'd5'к'шdаr к,6о.l,ч,о.l,ý-к,пlq,gЁ,5{к,{N,qеtý,
пqq'ft'аtrч Не did not show his contraband goods at the
Sino-Tibetan border check-post.
А mandala
ýтI'ýq\'5Ц'ýЦчý] restriction Ьу stopping & inspecting/
stop and check control \<,к<,к,шdilý,|цч,а,,ýтlтl,п.Qт,,5а,

lýЧ'Ч<'rýq'У^l to incite/pTovoke dispute/to create ýцý]ý,11'ТЭ5'а'оýЧ' They аrе imposing strict restriction Ьу
stopping and checКng at the Ьоrdеr areas these days.
dissenstion i-5,ft
,q
к K,g,ft h,iýч,Ч.,rВтý.,ý,чqq,5ý(,ýла,,
rrl<'ш'{<'п'5{-к1 Tibetans should печеr Ье очеrсоmе Ьу the
ýT]ý'ý'T]ý,ýýý'ýýýl to conceal оr obliterate \('E'qý'Tq'
а,т]ý,ýт]ý,аýý,аýý,ýý,з('1ц,qч,чq5'ýкýк'}'i1] Even if one
conceals а fault, others will know it someday.
lТч'ýlis''1ýч'Ч<'l to provoke through rumours/ to stir
uр trouble through divisive talk 1q1}itr-qчло,iýqi.,
пlа'П$-q'Qчý'Ц to rерrimапd оr wаrr/ to upbraid/ to
ý,i*,g,о5.,q,}qпýн'"l'ч{t'Э'аll Itwould Ье detrimental
to the unity if someone follows others' provocative rumоurs. сtl пrе down on sоmеопе <h,{-1к,{к,я,пr q,аiq,6<,Еq,оlчý,
 !ч'пlа'п}-q'11<'(<'1 The teacher reprimanded my friепd
пlа'ап<к,ft,Rх,,н,п\,ý5,rif<,1 The subjects will have
for having smoked.
happiness when а good chief is enthroned.

ý,TIq'{ý,ýlý(,fr(,I to discuss/ to confer ýтarчý,5(,li,qq,

пlа'f,ш'lЗý'ýýýl ап anthology/ selected writings uФ'ц'
Вltr3ýч'п1.,{'t-ý'чý('fr<'flq<,i,qýý] The teacher апd the
шГq,ý,кlg..,Уш,qЗк,пtrк,l,Q,:т,{оi,баtrч The anthology
head-master аrе сопfеrriпg.
of His Holiness the Dalai Lama's speeches and writings is
чеry easy to understand.
ý1('{'r{g{'а{'Ч'ч'gql Lit.: to put а patch оп the Капgуur/
Sепiе implied: to make ап unnecessary contribution оr пlа'п}'fiыN'ý{1 to keep оr abide Ьу the law and оrdеr
correction ý,т].{.а Еа..ф..!-q..qq.п g п.к 1,1i-". а тЭ. з. п.Q ч.il l ft
,c,q,t,g<,ýк,п1а,п
},fi a.r к,gr,е1,5к,п,V<,dtr,(,16(,sl,з(,сдr.{ý\,
It is an unnecessary Ёаsk to put а patch оп the Капgуur (the
collection of the Buddha's teachings). &'a'I Some bad people did not abide Ьу the law and that's
why all of us аrе ruined.

ýlq'ýgЕ'q'F('l temple of Kagyur and Тапgуцт ПЛlа'Пý{'

ýтl.,l'dJЕ'{Е'бш'gшq'g<'g1 lit, to give а grееп rejoinder
g,rý(,1<,ýзч,5i,пg,зq,аrк,бпqчк,6f,1l Hundreds of
to а blue rеЗропsе/ Sense inrplied: to give а rudе
scriptural texts аrе found in the temple of Kangyur and
Tangyur. rеiоiпdеr to one's polite response i-l'чq.'fi,опlа,шq,{q,б
ц,ý,Еý,чq<,ýк,q аla,B<,1g gаl,п,i51 The Chinese government
Пlа'ýq'ýК'ýб(Nl rеmеmЬеriпg one's kindness к'еlЁ'пlа, gave а rude rеjоiпdеr to а polite message from the Tibetan
govemment in exile.
Rl'ЧЧ'tr'8t'i'lgК'gПs<к'l{кl1 Опе should always feel
parents' Kndness in the heart.
Пlа'аlq'ЕПl'i{1 inrnrediate оrаl rерlу 1{q,па<,qч,чý(,l
ýlq'RE'ýNrri*I to acknowledge kindness/ опе who !,пх,пlа,аrq,ýпl'iч'ча<'] Good leaders аrе ореп Ьу паturе.
They give ап immediate reply to one's questions.
knows how to rерау the HndneSS чqq,о.I,кЕ,{ч*,ýl,зо,qll
пlа,\q,пкаl .Qк,шк,!к,сiГ<,|| There will ье acknowledgement ýп]q,rý'ýё{,ýýчN] revised talV edited speech ,Ц-<,к,
of one's Kndness if one can help others. qý,fl \,
ar Fqfr пlа,{п,чб
",пýчк,чqr,п,\,К'l,пlq<,}ýш,"rк,g(ý,
ýflq'ýý] The Department of International апd Information
ýlq,'r.{ý(vfuRr1 the subjects of а ruler 1t-q,пз<,fi,tr,оЕ:,ql rЙtiопs of the Tibetan-government-exile published the
edited speeches of His Holiness the Dalai Lama.

10
11
пlа'{п'зп,fi1 profound advice Ц-l'ft'Х<,г.rк,u{<'к'шГl,fi' пцQк'iеr'кl'щ{'rrЕчý| to make excellent progess/ success
пц,fп,ап,Fqаrк,аr,д'п,$.сшq.(qq<.1{к1 All Tibetans after success еrglаrеr{q'rtqпf;щ,6(5,11 нк,fi,пдfiк,iаr,
should study well the profound advices of Н. Н. the Dalai
Lama. к'шr'аЕlК'dС<'1 Тhеrе will Ье excellent рrоgrеss when there
is uniý and friendship.

ý'т]r{'чý('5.'frq1 to comply faithfully with an оrdеr 5<,б

пДýК'п]'fr11 goodJucVhello/ congTahrlations Пl{ш'fi'
5(чý1ýlЕ(,1(,l ý,т1r{,1ý<,1(,аq,qк,Г11 ве hones$ wewill
comply with уоur оrdегs faithfully. чý{,Вý,el,ýдfi к,п\,аqк'q1 Greetings for the New Yеаr.
пд.Qк,п],Фqк1 пl,п,Qпк,1 Hello, where аrе уоu going ?

ýт]q,чý(,В,ýýI to do whatever опе says/ to do as &кl,dllл<,fi,1<,б{q,кr,пдýк,п],аqк,rЗf11 Congratulations

\9
advised,/ to act uроп theiT orders/ to Ье чеrу obedient for obtaining the first position in the examination. ПfrК'П]'
fr,<q,l{q,lпя-",q.,qt пlа,пlg<,З,цп,gft,gп1 Ifbad lеаdеrs Qч*I сlт<'к6<'ааrydГ<'1 Good-bye, see уоu again.
аrе appointed we cannot act upon their оrdеrs

пfrК'fffrlq Lit.: excellent сrорs оr уеаrl Sense inrplied:

oT.'?'R'ý] to respect and hопоuт/ to offer service а'ц'щ'
пlх,,!,5<,gшрп,аr,ý,qgl{к1 One should hопоur
teachers and sеrче the nation.
happily and successfully oý.*'fl .,&,аr{5,ffпft K,affrч*,",
the qК'fч'{<'1 The birthday celebrations of His Holiness the
Dalai Lama have Ьееп concluded happily and successfully.

оТl't'q'чi.'gоI а conrpetent instructor l.,*.,o11,Y1i., ýý.

цлч,бl1(N,ча'qR11 impressive/ dazzhn! splendid/
зý,ч1(,зý,а,lч,iЕ ýE,rT1Taýý1 It is rаrе to find а
glorious ý'Kтgal"fr,lпrq,aKfi 1 ýдч,ц5(N,Еl,аl,q}пQl,Э,
competent instructor these days.
П'аýД1 The war-robe of Hng Gеsеr is very impressive and
glorious.
оТi'о'fi'Ц wеШ nrade/ well аrrапgеd (e.g. а building, а
craft work) well set п!-1,к,fi,ffi,gа1,1п<,о\1 1q'Е,tч,ца,6
чý.
п!к'{ы'{1К'ý death Ьу starvatiory' to die of thirst and
ý('аýI This well set castle looks like а magnificerrt mansion.
huпgеr g,ftR,пYl,р<,1<,trl П-5,ft,N,ц,ýЕщ,ýI п!к,{ш,{qк,
п;fi,ч,{5,fr,аrГ5,ч,а\к1 <<,5п<,frl,кr,rillп<,а!-1 This .Qх,'п5<'аГ51 Моrе than one million Tibetans died of thirst
well аrrапgеd offering irresistibly attracts every mind.
and starvation in, the Chinese prisons.

l2 13
 legs and broken arms чlк,ý,щ,fr-(,
t('r{ýЫý'а!Ч'r{ýЫýl to Ье afraid ofl cowardly over t(,Бч,а,ч,ýы1 crippled
cautious q\,а1,1ý,&,ilýq,ý{1 s,Fl,t(,6ч,q,l,ýп,еr<,баrY<,qаýЧ Many crippled beggars
t<,с{ýцý,(,.,ý],rlýеlý,Бч,аi'(,I
Cowardly people get frightened at the sight of ап enemy. with Ьrоkеп аrтпs аrе seen аЕ holy places.

\/{
t('аFý,сд'ý1'аFý1 clumsy hands and feeУ stiff hands and
fееV to become awkward 5ýl14,t(ýa,I(,q,ý],tý,c^lq,бп,ýq,
Е.t(.qФ.о.,ч.аф.а1 к.ý. к х,.фr.аffпý'1.5с,о.,ý.п].Э5.grЧ.{ý.iЧ.
аГa'l If socks and gloves аrе not worn рrореrlу in winter,
one's hands and feet will become stiff and awkward, mаКпg
it very difficult to work апd go hеrе and there.
f1<'iк'о.lпl,пgп1 lit. erasing foot print with one's hand/
Sense impПed: wiping away previous reputation E''i"'
\., *., зо1*к,qq<,q<к,а\аrýЕý,т51 5{,,т1<,Ек,нп1п ýтчТ(Ъ,
оýч LooНng at how he works at present, there is а definite
danger that he might wipe away his past deeds,

tR'q|'ý4'а'Ч'qrýЦI lit. dancing hands and feet,/ Sense
implied: dancing with joyl to dance with abandon
6<,51кlа,пh,q п,а gтq-q,trK1 t(,аЕý,сд,ч,адп,5к,6Г<,! Smal l
children will dапсЪ with joy swinging their hands and feet
when they аrе happy.
t(,{ч,фч,gчý] fetters and hand cuffs п{<,ýý(,ýý,ýq,Б{,
t<,?<,ý*,o?o1*]
lit. body supported Ьу legs/ Sense
impПed: self-supporti"g rо'ý.'шl,бчq('11 а,Х,ýlmЙч,
ýТ qNI t(,а(,чк,пQqч'ýlgп1 [f опе studies рrореrlу, one can
support one's life comfortably.
,Tt('ЫaЦ'Ф,},B.l,el,qr,пr,11 lit. чпtil the sun strikes the
soles/ Sense impliedIsomething that will печеr happen
,q<,п&5Q,п
1<,"lк,l,Fl,ýý,u(,,!(, t,ýч,ш,ý,а,ft Q 1,dr,lK,fr 11

ч€(,ýý,,!(,сgчý,оJý,g{ý,пgп'6f,<'1 The police when they ноwечеr hard опе might do house work, thеrе will печег Ье
catch а thief, would chain them with fetters and hand cuffs. ап end, lust as the sun will never strike the soles of one's
feet.

t.'{Ч'*ч'ýý6'1 fettered hand and foot Y1,},ьп,ý5,пYq,к,

ш<,бg,lаlт1\*,t.,ý-fl,*к1пцп,5к,к,t11 Мапу Tibetan gesturing with hands and feeVthe gesture

t('ýý'ЦЧ'ýl]
political prisoners wеrе chained hапd and foot Ьу the
of а mute/body language кl5п'пfl,ih,q''ýtч"'ч,тliк,чq,
Chinese аrmу.
бq',тlq'оl'оlý'п5'5 к'ý'п{'fr ''з5'а,оýч Two mutes
in а drаmа
only one single piece have а discussion with gestures of their hands and feet,
tr<'1Bq'r<'1t1 я,аrq,,tr<,1tqч<,

1Вqчк,fr51 ],а5,{<,t<,ýl,<(,о.l,ýа,,ýп,к,аr,l51 I have only

lit. banging hands and feet (e.g. when
опе cigarette and therefore I cannot offer to you. t(,ýlý,цý]'ý5ýt

14 15
 angry) in full swing цч,rrq,i,Е(,Ё-*.*,ý,t..ýýý.а,ýl. implied: to utter excuses for not fuJ{illing one's duty \<'
ýýý,l(,ýýN.Хqк.пl5аl.пýq.{<.l The ring leader of the ý,як,ак11 *l,,tr<,q,чl,аý<,qш,ш<'ýl'ft'1<'t One should печеr
bandits was very ап8rу and berated the group, banging his make excuses for not fulfilling one's duý.
hands and legs in full ап8еr.

t.,rч,ý,iýlýql,ýd,r{({,ýI lit. pebbles beneath one's

t(,ýlý,оJч'ýrJ Lit.: rubbing hands and banging feeV Sense foot, striНng at one's forehead / Sense impПed: to Ье
implied : intimidation а,ý<,ýХ,{ýч,}'1,еl r,,1<.ýlý.Фч.g{. abused, even Ьу those subservient to you ffffaýr,5aE,

5к1 \.1к.r..i.чаtч.fr.аlеl.чr.lqк.ý<.1 The angry man &,ý1*,q.*,ý,Е{,В1 лr.,rч,i,ig,qп,N,э(,1ýщ,пr,акr,6('<,1

first rubbed his hands and banged his feet at his servant and when опе is iп- а miserable condition even those subservient
then he whacked him on the cheek to you, will аЬusе and insult you.

ф'ýe'',1'1'ýe'I maimed hands and legs ft,a\,F5шT1aq.qi". t,N'd,K1 а terrible thief <il,ч,trаr,Х,бQ,5к1&-l,ill Rampa is

чi,lпк,,1<.5егqч.ýа,.Бý]к.чi11 The hands and legs of these

" а terrible thief.

men wеrе maimed during II Wоrld Wаr.

Lit.: а thief's mind knows по distance/
tr&ык'о.l'ý'i<.'frl]
f1<,ql,a'e,{ýE'ý5'.'l Lit.: giving me,dicines of headache Sense impНed: А thief сап ечеп steal his relatives'.. ý
to ýоmеопе with 1.8 рrоЬlеm/ Sense impПed: R al K,a,ý,i <, fr 1ч к,6кl,х,пк1,1Yl,qq<,5\-к
1
Always Ье
inappropriate treatment 5&-q,<1,],FK,ft
,ar<,H,qq,x,t(,El.ц. cautious with а thief, since he knows по distance of
relationship.
il{аqЧ'qЧ'ý-5'Ч'Rrt These bad officials have always given
inappropriate treatement to the public.
to accuse others fоr one's trreft ft'<.'i'
ýЕ,Iýч,lql,о!&-1*l
t('('1вч'оJ'Вr'еr'пg'31 lit. to have one foot pricked ьу Хк,1 аr,r<,ýý,ýýý,rlа,ýq,Fч,ч(t1,"J,ч&-1к'(<'1 Bad people
а hundred thorns/ sense impпed: to have too mапу not only steal but blame others of their theft.

problems ft ,t<,1аl,япl,ч,ýl,о.,rý.,Е,,!<.ц.lВч.к.Вr.п.пg.
€ч,<l,g\,11а.(аrý\.ц.б5.к,rjf<.fi.t11 Тhеrе will Ье unending
рrоЬlеms if а рооr family has mапу children.
а thief supported Ьу Пе ýl,а,ý,\(,ЭlýЕ,Б,,
ýq,ýý,(E,ýTql
ftl,чi,lg<výшý(1оYqq-r,lЦ-",gч The thief relies on the
support of а lie to рrоче his iппосепсе.

t('Е,фý],r{Q(,I lit. to have crippled hands and legs/ Sense

16 11
 ,ýfi,ýx"rd,LiG-ll Stealing is
tЕ'еЧ'.,lЕq'q'ЧЧ'бЧЗ<'l Catch the ring leaders if опе dеl F,Бl,З1,rlх,,{а,R11
shЙmeful Ьчt to bargain is not а shame.
needs to catch thieves and rоЬЬеrs.
ýl.аЧ.ýý.бШ.ý€(.Еl
чqтqцý,ýl€ч,ur<'5{к'ч'6<'1 If the ring lеаdеr is not caught,
а bandit robbing а thief 1{q,rl\K,ý1,<q,
it would Ье по sipificant even if оthеrе аrе caught. tЕ'ы'ф,rч,о,бl
i,T1*,1ý.,"1.,Y.1 а\t,цЕ,еl,аr,еl,к,ф,п,lr, {<Kl1 The
ш evi l

ministeiwas dismissed Ьу ttre evil chief. It was like а bandit

ýч,{1
VK, ч, к5,ц,q ý I
F<, к, п Lit.: If а merchant rеаrs а rоЬЬiпg а thief.
thief, it would Ье as though he wеrе killing Ыmsel7
Sense implied: having а servant who steals ЧК1Ч'1{<'пl' lit, rewaTding а thief and
\qvч tq'бý'ф'lЦq'lх"1('ý('\'оr}'яr1
ч R. аГq. б1 t1 Fк. к к. {ч {K.q к. r <.ý (. q
saving а wolfl sense implied: to act unjustly 5<,ftlý,"lK,
fr
1
ч. п ý ý ц.
1. trq. 1. 1. 1 ý l
Keeping а thief sегчапt resembles а merchant rеаriпg а thief
,1ц..{,1\,l(,ý(,i,оJ,Е,яl,пlf<,п,
who kills him in rеtцrп. 'л'5&1к,пк*,чf(,ý,q,tЕ,ц,fl
Ёr,o6.*,aKlK,K,tli\ rll
Excusing unjtrst deeds is
rт,ltl,аl,iк,к'пg1 lit. а hundred blames fоr one thefV rewarding а thief and saving the life of а wolf,
tr
Sense implied: to have something stolen and to suspect
ечеrуопе of the сrimе. This suspicion is deemed as а sin. а wоmап with loose character gl,fi5,trп,д,бqеrк,
ý"fl,к1
,tr а,qtqýк,ýýý,э(1 {qк,ч,п g,аl.з,п чl,g аr.lЗq.н.ýк.к.пg.
},ft,lтlкr,5<,8,Хч*,D,t.,.lýt,t11 А wоmап with loose
e'tl Though the theft was doIre Ьу only опе, the оwпеr character is а disgrace to the society.
suspected one huпdrеd different people, it is said that he
committed опе hundred sins.
5ш.ф.шRоlф1 Lit.: а leather bag with holes at the
bottom/ Sense implied: to have rrothing left iч,i(,i,
ýl'Ы'{<'Н'ýqЧ'Еý'ffglý'}'qý,ýýý,{I Lit.: tolockthe .{ýаl,цt дш,{-ц,fi,шiш{q бш,ч,i,lф,q'l (,ц(,iý,gщ,rч
dооr frоm outside keeping the thief inside/ Sense Зlчll
l|

ОЙl tong distance traveller whose bottom of the leather bag

implied: the епепrу is witЫn оr inside q<'ý'lg,баr,п5о.l, is tom: if you need tsampa, I shall offer you some,
ý\l qýv
IЗ,Л,5т,Тчq,qN,gоJI ýt,Бл,q<.trпqý.ц.оJI !.q".ff
ciTctrmstances may Ье ft'B'
gqк,пgп,{Е,fr51 If the епеmу within is not subdued, how Еq'Чa'*'ЗЧ'ýa'1 whatever the
сап опе сопquеr the епеmу outside, as thеrе is по point iп
&,E.,*I ЭЕ,ч.,*,ýч,ъ.,I r<,п{Е,ý,пка.r,ýl 1а,tш<,{r,ft,lr,1
locНng the dооr frоm the outside keeping the thief inside.
Throughout опе's life whatever the circumstances one mау
face, опе should печеr abandon the thought of Independence

19
18
 misfortune brings а good opportunity/ а а,пýlЕк,с7аr, яl,к h,q к,ýOЕ,.Е,ýоЕ(ý,rш.аl.iБтý.ý(.{ ýý.qý1
0q'oE'{ol*'ч^l п

I had misfortunes entangled in а misеrаЬlе condiЁon due to

blessing in disguise 51а'<аl,ы<'dаз5,чR,ft,qыкI а,я\ýý1
the previous bad actions.
Гк,ч,ýlа,gqq1 Dq..q.{о1*.чц<,.п.&q1 If а реrsоп faces
mапу problems, and becomes religious-minded in the end,
frq'а1'}'а{ШЦ сопчеr8епсе of misforfunes п{l,qаrк,уrч,
then those misfortunes have Ьееп а blessing in disguise.
п i,1 п к, g,ýЕ, 5(,Бч,Т,а,а{ш K,l,a{ar ц,6Г<l When one's
merits diminish, all misfortunes сопчеr8е.
$q'<q'Еl'ппк1 misfortune fallinglike а thunderbolt ýк,ч,
r<,ffпgп1 gы,tr1trvцi al кtлqбе1.1q<.q.Еq..q.}-ч.tr.п п к.ч ft
.ý1.
а brainless fooУdull and еmрý headed g,
When а child is thirteen уеаrs old, а сеrtаiп ХЧШ'К'Шl'ТК't
П'аГll l*{1gq.qш".*.trо.tr .ц.дf1пrt.вl.ýl.ц\.$чN.ý.ат{..q
misfоrtuпе mау befall him like а thunderbolt if the ritual чЗЧ.
ргауеrs are not done for him. пТа}л,5rr,н,t11 The Chinese tгiеd to make а пumЬеr of
Тihеtап сhildrеп empty-headed Ьу depriving them of thеir
educatitrnnl rlpp<lrtunity.
&q,.Е,ýч,s^l bearing hardships in difficult circumstances
q
к,gк,Ц-5,йi,q п K,!K,ft ,Фgш.gh.i<.g.ft R
ч q С\ ý у ýý с
чýч.qо.{ч.а.Oq..q. rеаl idiot/fogYstupid flr'ý1 <h'ý-lк'Щ'
1ý^

ач,ý\,gq,ýýq,ý.,&-5l Tibetans in Tibet had to Ьеаr the

týlц,{,tчýl,s(,I
I аm sоrr}ч mу friend is а stupid реrsоп.
dhiпеsJ atгocities fог thirty уеаrs. tЧrl'Ц'flЧN'S<'t5l

tЧ
ý'Ц' Ч'6Ч ý]
foolish persuasiony' obstinate g,arXq,ý,iK,g
ýq'<q'пr'ь51 misfortunes and hindrances/ discordant азчк,5{-к,к,а,N,týý,tJ,ц,6ч*'ý'&'ъ.'t Опе should follow
factor аgq,кh,а,ýl,ý,{ч,{ч",*,$q,<q,пr.ьlЭх1 The
reasonings rаthеr than foolish persuastion.
opposite of concordant factors аrе called misfortunes,
hindrances, and discordant factors. а fool trying to Ье smаrt d1ý(,ý\,{<,
ftПlК'кч'6с'о{ч'п'{i
Fý,эq] .}-1, ft р к 1 \ (,Т1fl ý,чýs,З5,цЕ,tý]к.к K.g<. ш{q.
,
ц ar

$q'<q'Й(?H<K1 uпfачоrаЬlе events/ calamity 5alqýl,Tl}Kг

ýl'ч'5<'g5'кr'fr11 One may Ье expert in keeping the secret
(.ý.оJN.аlк.чh.&.1&-1.rýч.ý-.ý..о,
1q ý. ýý
к h,ýq, < q,ailal< к,аl,п while others аrе ехреrt in disclosing them. Therefore it is just
ý

alt Due to the calamity of the II World Wаr, innumerable like а fool trying to Ье smart if опе hides one's faults.
people wеrе Klled and much blood shed.

fr'ч,fr-ч,чi,sil secretly and stealthily 1ш'tslfilкR,Е<,&о{I

$q,<q,l,aE<q entangled misfortunes {q,ý,чK,.q,ý,qo,ýq, q<,fi,lчат,аýr,чqq,ач яt'ч,{ч,s:.sl.Q..6Г..т Disloyal

20 21
 mеmЬеrs of а family secretly give away their household's fr-Ч Чф ýl'ý"l covert policy gч,рп,к1ýЕ,ý,{qФ*,ýтqv
рrореrtу to оthеr people.
},1Вк1чк,ltq,пq1к'аС11 The сочеrt policy of one nation is
worse than that of other nation.
to speculate in goods and sell them ý,ý,
ffi"lr,jы,Х<1
5(,1цч,i,ýN,gf<,к,Хк,аýfr'ч,л. эl.Хс"ýlк,а11
Traders Lit.:momentary/Sense implied: very fast
яl'tsч'яl'tsч
speculate Й grains and seil them indiscreetly during wаr and
яl,Ъч,я i,tч,ý,,l gх,,п,\,Q,51 Qк,рц,Fi 51 It is very difficult
famine.
to know the mоЙепtаry change.

revealing someone's secret bad habiV

{o[od.,il,q3ql
' 'making ц5'Вlа'а11 Lit.: momentary and partless/ Sense implied:
ar, ор"r' declaration of someone's secret faults

чq(,5ýq,,ý{,пYч,5к,q1 Е1,.Е,ок5,оR,ý",чl {q,ar

d<,Iq,aýq, shortest instant к<к,gк,пЕш,qЕ,а5к,!к,q1\,аfi 1чЗч i
If someone embezzles government mопеу, their 1<,Гк,япк,в5,аr(l,gаl,trаlВq'зоl At any instant, Buddha
"Тl,Sfa,l knows all рhепоmепа with direct perception.
secret would Ье disciosed when the circumstances were not
favorable.
melodious voice 5ý,ý<,ýl,ц,ýз<,Еq,ý,яi,qq,
fll'ýq'qQ{'ýЧ
trоuЬlе к'цdеtк' .lg{,ýч,5(,qq,K!,X,{q,arh,пYl,qarK,},a5K,g,&q]
{1,а{ш,ащ,ý<,1 infiltrate and
сrеаtе The

K,ffi ,а{щ,зк,!,g,lr,qr,аýч,ц,а, (,бfl <ц,&-1I The mЙodious voice of Bikkhu Nyenpa Zangden was the result
fr
'Cr,irr"r"
1ап1,1к,g, of his previous virfues.
secretly infiltrated across 1he Indian Ьоrdеr and
incited mапу troubles in India.
цl'frl'Цl'пYк1 creating а noise out of nothing/ making

{ч,=,Fч,ъ*l Lit.: eating secretly and spoiling the а fuss about nothing о.lк,l,ш,ý5,кr,15,fr 5,q5,KYK,3K,l,Kq,
stomacЫ Sense implied: engaging in corruption and
!'1к'1<'ff<'] What is the use of maНng а fuss about
,п ,qп Ký,{q,a,ýq,lн,sq,
spoiling one's image {1,fr <,ý,agK,ft nothing without having worked.
Rq,ч,Qq,5{-к] Representatives of Tibetan people should not
Ье involved in comrption and spoil their image, f ýN'ýtE'F'aKal1 ап opportunist f
ýN,ýglla,aХ"r,3l,ilrýq,ý,

&'o.r'&1BK'ýl'Э'o'ilt опе cannot fully trust ап opportunist.

undergTound conspiTacy ýlql,а,fr-ч,чаiа'
{ч,ча[R,*1'ý"l
.q,5*,шortaffi,eгQпK,K,ýr,r{"l Опе should not Ье
to act in accordance with the time qпк'
цпк,пlч'п]<,пil
deёived Ьу others' secret сопsрirасу,

2з
 ý?q,1(,ýl,З5,qý,1! ],чýк,rп,sl,Qк,зl не who acts in
lЦ'"t Опе should give full attention while sfudying with
with time is said to Ье wise. one's tеасhеr.
"Ёоrdапсе

to Hck someone whеп they ате representations of (the Buddha's) body,

flýý'ýtl'ýбýýYýJ t'Чý('flvЕ5l
insult ýý,ýgq' speech and mind/ sacred objects g,ý,ýlýý1alч,p<,tr{flý<,
dowrV ап 1а,яq,кh,ц<,о,l,ilъ-(ý,Ф(,зl,цi,fl
пбк,пYк,r<,i11 То Kck Sоmеопе when they ате down is glк,lq,пкаl,$к,ft'gп'к'аГlt There аrе inconceivably sacred
the insult of ап opportunist. objects in Lhasa Cathedral.

1{ýý'ýýЕ'qбаq{1 to change in ассоrdапсе with the 'кl.Ыtr1'кt'бq'JПП'&1'tr'&'а{ Lit.: А knotted thread can
ц5
not pass through the еуе of а needle. Sense implied:
situation чq.ý,Rlýкt,lпк,пgq,абаqr,5<,ýýl,i,зч,ýg{,
something that is impossible 1аr'lык'к,ftк,к,ftц<1 1iтq,
чlс,l{ýI The policy of gочеrпmепt should Ье implemented
according to the changing situation, tl'ц'а'ý5'бЕ1пп'ftqtr'fr'аi'о'оQqýт Spirifual commitment
Ьrеаkеrs can not achieve realisation, just as а knotted thread
сап not pass through the еуе of а needle.
government ýl{q,Хlк,п,
flýN,,lка,,,ýl'Чý(,1 an interim
q п к, п gq,б& g 1 п к, an щ,ý 1,ч s<,a {к1 к, 1ý-к ч,& q1
1чh,q п к,

Тhеrе has to Ье аП interim gочеrпmепt when the political fr,aýx"qK'qчý'ý'TýI Lit.: to buy lasso presenting one's
parties аrе not on good terms. песV Sense irnplied: to invite trouble 11,F<,пgп,к!,fr,
аýr,lк,qlк'ч'fп'r<'i1| Indulging in smuggling is inviting
цш,бqш,5<,,1 completely
dry gK,a\,1al,бцar,9<,i11 This trоuЬlе.

chupa is completely dry. а3 к'ц аr'бц il'9(,ч(,г{ý,R,з,1{-к,t11

How сап опе eat only dry rice ? fr,чs5,1к,ffl,еlr,ýш,ýо.lt Lit.: even though the neck has
been cut the chin is still shaking/ Sense impНed: to Ье

ы {1'а Qq1 а lif e's deeds {1,аQq,lr,gч,6f,<,пi,ý1щ ar,

very аrrоgапt despite being defeated <ш'l'аЕЕ,q,ýý,ц{,
цВ,аr
Ц}'
I wish you successful deeds in уоur life, &п.сч.о.lш.Ы<.е,.ýq.l.tц(.1.ý(.ý-п*.ц.*lТ.Тqýч a]t.fr .Пs1.1К.
s] lIэg
výG\
Фq'а'ýш'ý'ч'ýl'ч'r<'t11 Although Rampa has failed in his
study/ training (e.g. spiritual training) ]ý' class Х examinations, still he is very proud. This is just like
ý
ttrq,ч"q,$] shaking one's chin in spite of one's пЪсk having Ьееп cut.
пh,п.Qк,пlqq, а,
ý1,1ý ] t
аrq,ч" 1$,чq(,ýý l gкlк,iк1<п,ý,оýо,

24 z5
 Lit.: until the shit comes очV Sense impПed:
ý,пslq,tsы,ы,q{qч,апп,g,R11 Lit,: only milk will flow ёч,Ц.Ф,q{!
'!l to work to death ýl'o l1, ft
,.1,i,& * аlк,1,6пуч"!'<,q^,оtш
ечеп i{ tn" ь.к is сuй Sense implied: iппосепсе/
not I
,пв1,1,r,l<,tsаr, ar,fiqK,
guilty чqr{тq\,Тч,d,а!,п5<,п,еr,а5,fr !(,I а,Б,{l,ilчЗч,э.,ýl,tl'ý('l The bad master did not рау
mе ечеп а ruрее in spite of-worКng for him to death.
кц,.rпп,t'filt оп this issue, on top of police interrogation
ir *r"on" cuts my throat only milk will flow,
"1"п а complete lie or liar Е.,i",чs.ч,кfr,пlа,
Uч,(Е,81,qýl
Lit,: wanting the neck but not the К*'З'ёЧ'{q'ýч'qqi5l What he said is а complete lie.
fr'o*'q"'H'H'fr'ofil
-,|
goitoZ i..,r" imptied: wanting а rose but not its thorn
,1кlа,п,ýl,кý,fr ,ofi ,q",н,ц,&,а{1ч,ýi,к, а great liar оr а cheater аý161d,rЗ11чqт
strоfi,з.,\h, K,ar r,fr
U1'{q'd'Ц
girl but not hеr parents, This is ýк,д r,& 1В к,ý 1!, al,i 11 А tеrгiЬlе liar is поt trusted Ьу
5<,ц6<ц,ý] Опе wants the
оthеr people.
like wanting а neck but not the goitre,

urge for water/ Sense implied: very refugee aid $,п]<,ýý<'1к,Ё-1,ft,F<,ппк,

я-о,о,qоfil Uýý.ýtrс:J,{1ý,{ц1
,оа{ý
п-l,g,рп,х,ч tl,ý,i,п,\,{о,о,цоfi пЕат,{1к,rеr,чq('ý'а11 The gочеrпmепt of India has given
anxious <,п цч'а'
refugee aid to the Tibetans.
ýцldf1l The day of Independence is anxiously awaited
throughout Tibet.
ýý,ýф, e,tsI,o]E*l obj ect of worship lТq,оХ-ч,чt,li,q<,ц,
fl
neither а lауmап nor а monk (sarcastic 6<'шh'6пк'ц'ш'аFl'кlЕк'пц'а5'qtqr51 The non_deceptive
6,ftq,Rr,ftq1 u,: object of worship of all Buddhists is the three-jewels.
rеmаrk) g,ftq,ýr,ftq,ýýsчN,кr,щý.:ýт":Ф'ц'5чq1
better to Ьi mаrriеd th"an-to lead а life of
neither aS а layman
поr а monk Lit.: bring to notice and attentiorr/
ffýý,чVсшýЕ,{Е1
Sense impПed: an appeal Хqк'еr<'н'6пк,кlYщ,g1,{Е,о1**,
Lit.: to resort to gтass having run out of ýýчý,еt,чq(,ф,{к,пgтgч,бчлк,l{кt Тhеrе should ье
ё,,i,{чýч"l
grair/ Sense implied: at the Ьriпk of starvation $Еа' gЙd dir.,rrsion ЬеfоЁ an* appeal is аппоuпсеd to the public.
ýý,ýý,т1\,..rýч,qN,qýеl,п{Е,l,ft
,
ar r,6,а5,Тчпý]ý,Э,чt*,ý 9*,
fl
Lit.: а сrапе's (way of) catching fish/ Sense
бfa,! If grаiпs аrе not taken out frоm the stock during Er'ilK'l'rnq1
famine, the рооr people might reach the
brink of starvation, implied: to Ье чеrу skillful чк'{Е'п1<'агul<,6х,,Гк,l,Qтi,,

z7
 п{<к,чh,япк,аrрк,\ýк,lý-к1 Опе should Ье sКllful in ups and downs of а life/ vicissitudes of а
ýi.хч.i^.trll
every action just like а crane catching fish. life fr,Вh,с(,щ,ý5,tч,5{,{1,х,fqк,Оf,<,fi,R51 тhеrе will ье
various ups and downs in one's life.
Lit.: liberating from the suffering and
ýi..ч".1ч.у*l
being attached to happiness flS('fi'"lK,aqq!,ц"r,ft,qarK, report on the condition of one,s welfare
ýl,ýт,чq",ýчý1
( (, ý, фý ý'q
fl5,лч*,{ч,ýш,rч,а{5,g'i'&q1 It is the duty of government ýN,ч q(, "l ý i, gч ч 1 1 Оп е
оr el N' q'
ч(,.J, а q,
Е,ý 5 ý-К
й liь".Й the citizen*s frоm suffering and to give them should rероrt- the gочеrпmепt оп the condition of one's
pleasure оr happiness. welfare when thеrе is calamity in one's country.

,flч,ft,1<,qEтK,.Q<,1 Lit.: ups and downs for mеп and

cheerful and joПy <h,ý-qк,б\,9ш,я1,&q,сх<, 8i Йots
ýi'ЭО"'{i'Еl for trees/ Sense implied: One can use this
Although mу friend is рооr, he
!ТlО"fi'б5К'qк'}-1'!''rtrч
is cheerful and jolly. expression to console somebody in misfortunes. 5т]a,<al,
аз5,чi,lпк,g1 gKlK,& ы к,f o,o,ýq.,T а ч
$l gч,ý'Flк1
.Q<'"r'

Lit.: wanting happiness but reluctant аЕr,п,l,Flк1 Эх,'п'g<'iý Orre should rTot Ье sad at the
ýi.o{i.o1cд.rr;{l
to work ý5,о{5,о,5,,аgч,аВ<,п,пliк,аrlп,l-df<,япк,fr11 time of difficulty. It is natural that joys and sorrows соmе in
Wanting happiness and being reluctant to work, do not go life as knots оссur in trees.
together.
living standard ц*г&,qrrк,ý5'ýдl,ýд(,qЕ,е,
ýi,хч,о..,ччl
to share the joys and sorrows together ..lý'qý'ý<,q,сN<'ц9ц,з,еllц,ý<,чЕ('1{ý1 All the countrymen
f;i.lT."1O.qý\1
пза,д,фк,lк,ft,Б,ýш,{<,ýr,gч,оlо,аgr,ý5,1ifк] Both shcluld$ share their food arrd drink with опе another
SPouSes should shаrе theii joys and SotTows together irresepective of their living standard.
throughout their lives.
to share joys and Sorrows
8i.q.8i.олы.1(.ýч.ч.ýч.ыlы1
experience of joys and sorrows of life/ at all times Б1,1(,ýql,ý1
ý1.1ч.ло".{..1 {1к,б{а,& {тý тч,ý т о
1
rI
1е,,ý1,
п,5<,аýш,пдп,5,fr q,
8r'ýЧ'lо "'{',оq,ý,оfi,\ýý,о,,,1ý,qпк,q t{"l Real friends always share their joys and sorrows with

i{цl опе should respect and take advice from the опе another.
experienced seniors оr elders who had gone through many
expereinces of life. well
ýi,r"i,Ц huppy and i.,*.,*,Ц-5,D,lа,п{5,р<,trý5,Т

28 29
 exalted Ьу birth and
п],tr&11 These days I аm happy at the Library of Tibetan е degraded Ьу {1,кк,ых,,аQq1
fr,KK,tлx,,aQq1
ЁопduсV This proveTb is used when а
Works and Archives.
.,obl" от high family mеmЬеr indulges in bad habits,
such as drinking too much alchohol.
Make
fi5,бrK,ýK,ы,ýý,q1
-' 11,бпlеа,ýN,ý5(,й,,
yourself happy lеstЪthеrs mау trouble you,
Lit.: interest upon interesy Sense implied:
ýт*l.ýr.sЧ
Lit,: cornpound interest Q<,к,lеr,яl,q*r
к,о,l,gп1бХк,5ъ*l,чt^tт"
ýr,*,вi,rоJ,s,!1ы,:,1(,хч,{q,ffi,Ф,ф,ыlы,qз(,]
* 'tоgеthЪr eХt the grass of the mountain
we shall pass
1ПК'ý1'l'ýТgЧ'ýt'К'аl! The rich mеп charged
compound
and drink the nrurky water of suffering/ Sense implied: iпtеrеЪt оп their loans fог the рооr fаrmеrs,
to Ье together in times of joy and suffering/ This
expressicln is used to indicate friendship and intimacy Ьу
опе who raised you up is mоrе
sharing all joys and sorrows together. ё Knd than the one The
frK'ýq'aч'lYK'ýq'E1
who gave you birth. This saying is
used to ехрrеss the kndness of one who brought опе
Lit.: even if you аrе rерауiпg up.
*q'о'q'&q'ш<'ц'l'ы'1{<'r
rJ
-ut"r, don't nrake it thin/ Sense inrplied: renrindful
of
repaying one's kindness. This expression is used to
knowledge ý"'ё'*'D'
indicate the best way to respond to Kndness, лql acquired and innate
аfq,
8 ",ё.",D,
е-qэq,чЭ",l<,цq,кh,шрк,к,1!-q'{i51 Scholars with both
acquired and innate knowledge аrе rаrе,
flч,Yкi abonrinable/,disgusting {l'"r*l,gч,Ц'бR,а5,п,пq<,1
ч 'pn not behave in such а disgusting mаппtr,
despair and discourage/ to feel sad and
fTr,&,al!
чоп{t nauseous feeling/ disgusting/ bad
vonrit оr nauseo despondent q'1(1Хк,зпl,о,lк,rлq,бц,ýlЕ(,Е,ЕЕ,\пк,Хr,f1<'&'
flЧ'а{'ОJ(N'Ц]
\9
taste ffCh,q<,ч,lп,frr,*.,ý,irt orre feels nauseous in the а1!,зкlк,квl,аГ.'\,rll If youths do not work рrореrlу the

саr.
5
elders will feel sad and despondent.

birth, asn', sickness and death, the fоur basic yq.Tq.a*.arq.lq.Tq.E{l one who had abandoned ац fau]ts
ý.q.q.ohl
human sufferings ях,,кй,q,ý,q,q,аВfr
,gч,пнн'аrк,{-о,l,п,i51
and acquired all knowledge ý(ý'9ý'qilý'fl'1l'=l'5''trq'
whеп опе achieves liberation, one is released frоm the Htt Buddhas have abandoned all faults and
il,тЕ,ЕЕч,qqi11
sufferings of birth, aging, sickness and death, acquired all knowledge.

31
30
 to criticise and blame Someone D*,о,",
fч,оГl,пч,о{оl*1
\",з",i,чqq,ч,lпlа{ар,{л,пГi,3t ч,.1ýý,ý,<Е,ц,..,\,Тч,п,ý q
/п\
d('.] Having committed mistakes, if опе still criticises and
blame others, the bad consequences will ripen upon oneself.
F,i1{,Еl,qч Lit.: white mouth and black hеаrV Sense

to eliminate faults and cultivate virtues implied: sweet words with cold heart lо'll*'Еч'qч'&'*,
ý-q'il-.,lЦ,оýПJ
qXv
ý-1'
&1'ВК'Ш'ý51 Do not trust persons of sweet words with cold
5<,а5,пQ,Ql,ц,Т(ý1 .ý.ч,тlаl,о.опа,ýl,цпк1 Avoid sins like
faults and always cultivate only virtues. heart. ý'|Т]ч'чЧ<'qч rЦ'5"1<'q'qЧ same as above

iЧ'fri'ц",5о1 реrfесV not damaggd ý(N,ы,gк,пr,trfq' F'ý<K'ial<K1 embarassmenVto Ье speecЫess with rage
fr5,цк,5тl,алlк,5,рl,бRlJ It is difficult to Ьесоmе регfесt <к,{к<к,!,1Еý,ýý Т5]
ýт1{1акlк,ч,gк,ffп,l{q,q,15(ý,rп,а
untii <lrre is eIllГghterred. Асhаrуа Aryadeva left Асhаrуа Avashvagosh in
embarassment.

tu пrаkе соrrесtiопs to nristakes {,fiеlк,[qч,

$-Ч'ОХ.'КЧ{
Г'S'&О'Ц peacefuVsilence/ quieV remote
пl<к'i'ý'&Ё,чцlý,
ýчý,ýщ,<Е,ч,ч,{ý'пч<'6бпYý5'gп1 Only the constitution сап ]

make correction to the social evils. qбiq,d<,er,5,g,& п,бQ'5т1 e-l'a tl The аrеаs around Mt. Kalilash
аrе very quiet and peaceful.

П
б
К'Ч ffK' rХ.' б* ] repetitior/ overlappin g el 5к'к &, f,п,а,,ýё \,
bleeding nose/ Sense
пffк'сл<'пffч'ft'df.'1 No good scholars will make repetitions rý'Fýl'T'týýl Lit.; bleeding mouth;
iп their compositions. impШed: to Ье beaten to а pulp 5пq,ftý,p,Fч,ý,6l,шбl,пr,

The soldiers beat him to а pulp.

trп6<к'{r'1

Р'ыРк'Q'п]1 а glib talker &-ч,обЕ,q,,т&,р,еrрк,Q,п\,еr<,{кr,

Ч5а!'ýЧ1'5ýJ Мапу glib talkers made speeches in the film.

F,ы[цý,(.{ý'Бd]ý] Lit.:
to talk sweetly/ to look captivating/
Sense inrplied : somewhat artifi cial 11e1,1h,o,rK,ýTý ri,Fп,

з2 зз
 цFý,r.{ý,Бý1vý,rогаЦ'rl| Air_hostesses аrе very gentle in Lit.: the dооr of mоuth is the source of
speech and captivating in looks.
Г'ffrбi'Е'чG'оl
dispute/ Sense implied: too much talk causes trouble P'ff
r$1}1Q,ш,а11 15<к,пlко.r,ý5,е,\h,qQ,ш,а51 The door of
rП'аýа''Чý'ОТ*1 to act upon one's words F'qý''{!Ц'ц'Е(' mouth is the sоurсе of dispute just as the vowels and
пQl'qк'!к'0('q1"l'q5Е'аgп'аГ<'1 Тhеrе shall ье success if consonants аrе the source of letters.
one acts uроп one's words.
and evil mind ýq,тl,п,,q,В-ч,,1,q
F,(1,F'ý],(11 evil speech
р,Sr,tsl,п5<к1 glib speech 1аr,6<,о.r,еrY<ý,Ф(,5N,i,F,У.,Нч,
5ч,аr5,i51 That minister is very evil in speech and mind,
п5<к'аl'п1{<'| Do not insult simple people Ьу speaКng glibly.

(q,ý] Е,,, (| ! scandalous talV to disparage ý]qq,оJ,F,(q,il,Э\ ]

F, 1
п,G,ч}",аll Lit.: по difference in speech and thoughV Do not disparage others, you will Ье
15пr,<1,r<'o.1'rit<'1
Sense implied: honest and straightforward q<'ч,Fк,5;(1,
defamed. ч5аl,(Е,\'ýý,аýч,аýЧ Who brought the bad
шГl,чр,Q,пl}к,а1,!к,15,к,ýl,к't11 Buddhists maintain news?
unwavering faith in the Triple-Gem.

F,(q,xý],(E] abusive words чqq,а',F,(q,жý,(5,ýч5,q,{('оJ'чfi'

F,цý,Q,т('t Lit.: hundred mouths with thousand tongues/ ц,ffq,] опе will Ье hаrmеd if опе speaks abusively to оthеrs,
Sense implied: unreliable/worthless speech аП'ý5'!'п{

Lit.: quench one's thirsU the stomach ii

еv
5,aqa .qк,!ý,F,ýý,В,Т(,\,ч1с.,оq,,чЕ(,ft1,qýч
fi Some п,{шк,frr'r.rý(ýt
lrI rl
political leaders make worthless speeches
fu_lV Sense implied: to satisfy Sопеопе with food *-,

арq,J,аr,5,(ак,{5,аq<к,!,зк,ýr,пQ,|к,l,пl5ш,Qq\к1 After
tц,lý,х,lý Lit.: mouth епеmу; nose епеmу/ Sense impПed:
giving the Ьеggаr enough food to fill the stomach and, опсе
enmiý {q,аlft'аца'lт'q'5ý't''1{ч Do not create enmity his thirst is quenched/ уоu may ask him а question,
towards strапgеrs.
with two hearts/
п,чtч,rо'ч'чЭ"l Lit.: опе mouth
Sense
p'afi 1Yпýп1 wrathful stance 51,fr,qeгK,sl,ý,& 1ш1пцк,lп,
implied: to saY something and do the otherwise р,ltq,
аfil,trаýq,lq<,Q,пQ<к,6Г51 Some wrathful deities are
when one says
erected in wrathful stance, F-ч,чЭ",Э"'{q'ft'аlп1 One cannot succeed
something else and acts in the other way round,

34 35
 {<'{Ч'
p,lBl,Q:l}K1 Lit.: опе mouth with two tongues/ Sense rý'ý{{'(x,I drooling/ releasing saliva ýТФ('Ф('l'FlП'6
аýi\'аtrЧ Those small children аrе going about drooling.
impШed: duplicitous speech and double dealing Iц,i'ý,F,
Ttre епеmу created
чЗч.Q.чЭ".$.".rаl,qк,5gкlк,.!<,пд<к,к,i11 big, it is
discord through double dealing, F,t,,л<,1,ýк.,f,огt1'1 Lit.: although the mouth is
under the nose/ Sense implied: to Ье under the control
of someone аЕ1$,Ё,Sш,lп к,Е,сл<,fi K,!,{5,tr,a{f rф l ra.,
Lit.: to turn away one's mouth and nose/
ы

F,ýýN,T,ýýN] ,1П,пQ5,i51
Е,р,R,Sеr,Е,,л(,{,ýч,i-ч,а,&q,кfr However powerful
Sense inrplied: to show rеluсtапсе l\'qq'ý'onlo'ýo'*'ýп' an administration may Ье, it,is uпdеr the law just as а mоuth
зтl,отq,бХк,qil,щ(,rп,ýýк,х,п gK,ý1!,aгi11 Cood studentswill is uпdеr the nose however big it mау Ье.
зl
ie,rer sh,r- reluctance to their teachels advices,

р'Эык'ц'пце1 Lit.: to send someone's will in the airl

mouth and tоrп nose/ Sense
F'Бýl'fl'\.ll] Lit.: broken Sense implied: to ignore someone's will пlа,!q,sq,ý,к,пl,
,б{ (,elgq,бal,q,p,aKl,x,
implied : nrisfortunes and obsta6|gs ft
qаrк,},р,Беlк,1<,агпцх,ft'ý('1 Опе should not ignore the will
.,o.r.gq.шr.df<.\.i51 The misfortunes will befall always if the of one's kind parents.
p"oýt" аrе not clrr gctod terms,

лlЕк'кt' ' F'ыýЦ-ý]ý't's,'аЕ'(l Lit.: to take а case on lease/ Sense

impПed: unnecessarily welcoming trouble/ to file а case
g а ft

F'
Б1'.l
Qs,'
fr
\,[ unchangin рrоmisе |ц,Б 5',lч\' 1,tr

&.а(,q.пq.gl.r{{.ýrrr4чN,ц,Qч,iil Keeping promises is one of оп behalf of someone {1'ш,П-l'tr &,рцк,!к,5,аl б аЦ-lк,аr,Q1,

the best qualities of а реrsоп, K'l]1 In the past some Tibetans take case оп lease in Tibet.

becomes а debt а!,зý,ц,агrт65,il,чq(,]

rЦ'Бl'ýffЕI the promise F'qЕN'ЧЧ('{ý Lit.: gentle speech with evil motive/ Sense
Do not make а promise that опе саппоt
rý,Бl,ý,tr1,1<,а5,п,&11
fulfill. А promise becomes like а debt,
implied: evil person F<,к,lа,ае*l,кlý*,qч,\,&
",ft
ы K,{r, ш
{ ,

пfr'r'п5<'П't11 That evil businessman deceived mапу people.

snow and rаiп storm 11Е,p,tтБ{,ýýqft11а,l,ý

tП'Б\'ýýч
.хl,аr<,баgч,Q,еоl Many sheep wеrе frоzеп to death during F'qе.Ы'ýц'Ц|| flattery talk 1{q,{,J,р,аееr,ýшя5,ýl,flr!1оrq,
winter in the midst of snows and rаiп storms, ýý'gкlк'ш}к'trбill That officer likes чеrу much, who flatters.

-)l
зб
 thoughУ Sense implied: practical and honest ý"rpý'а{Е'
smooth and pleasing speech qq,чтlк,Ек,ýп,
rп,r{Е.ы,Нч,ý|]
Оur tеасhеr Тrо'Q'тЭ"'атЭ,*"ý1ý1цFЕ,а,,gа,,ý]Вк,к,Эr1 не who
*,ч1.,flо*,1п,аееr,tsq,qq,аl,Тl,чqо,\,оýоl practically and sincerely works for the nation is called а
speaks gently and pleasantly in his teaching, patriot.

,fi ,р,i,lп к,
someone
i'lп<,я<' ] the whole properý о{ Ц'l,ft
Р' F,5Е,Щ'lq| Lit,: firm mouth and wordY Sense implied: to
я<,d<,еr,g,ft,аr,!-х.,п,i51 Tibetans lost the whole of their keep one's promise/ ап adherent of promises {тý'а'
рrореrtу to the Chinese. qшк1п,5Е,В1,5q'ц'l1ý'ц'i51 tn olden days people adhered to
their pledges.
Lit.: less talk and сlеап hand/ Sense implied:
tо,t.,*ч,Ч{<,1
taciturn and decent ýТО''Ъi,trý,lN]п,t(,аlч,чd(,ýчЕц,ц,
F'ýЕ'frý]'ýf| Lit.: to see mouth and еуеl Sense implied: to
i'ýк'ý'аlП'чýý'i11 Being taciturn and decent since guide/care and guidance ýý6<'trк'qк,р,пq,&qп.q,lап,
childhood is а sign of great mеп,
ýlзý'чЕ<'5фt Опе should give good саrе and guidance to
а child since childhood.

tП'i'ЦК'gО to епсоurаgе and advise < h,frKr ,ч

к,бк, (, ф,|п, Б,я аr,

gч,цq,rч1<,ý(,] Му friend gave me much encouraging

п'{.'Нч'{.'| Lit.: empty mouth and word/ Sense impПed:
advice.
gossip п,Y.,Вч,Y.,ýч5,ý,оJý,|ц,-{qfiУ.,31,ц,5чql It is
better to engage in prayers than in gossip.
advice {1к,к,ff,<q'i,F",F,5,,Е'о,ýо,Э,irl Evil
tц,5,(Е,(] bad
companions will give bad advice,

п,{.,"ч,Y.,] Lit.: empty mouth and empý hапФ Sense

tц'5'ýflý'5] Knd advic" qЕ,ýýl:h,р,5,пдп,5,оl.lq,lф1 on" implied: to give notЫng/ to let somebody go empty
' ' of elders,
should always listen to ihе advice
handed Фqыr,lпк,ш{а,бg,5<,схч,р,{<,чп1{.,шчТ.,ft ,лqt

During Losar one should not tЙrп away one's guest with an
rп'ýl55,Та1
the opponents 31,ацq,O,п,тлi{6,J,F3i,trQ,5л1 empty hand and ernpty mouth.

аrрк,ба5п1 The opponent players of the match аrе very

tп,зýl,t4,ýýl at опсе/ straightforward,/ in time
sКlful. alK,l,d<,a1,1т

ýч'F,ýч,щ'чЕ('5i-ýl All wоrk should Ье done in time.

t-it., no difference in speech and
F,чЧ.'П5,оt п,G,чЭ",fr11

з9
 Lit.: meeting face to face/ Sense implied: to tП'ýýl'Iý('q!| exploitations Ьу those who are in power 5{Е.
tц'gý'ч{<'зч
-*,{-ч к,{ý <,K,Q1, 5(1ц,ýч,ч{<, .1}X*,F,ro],1ý (,q5,ýl,i,ft ,&<.о.l.пlпк,ш 5<.ar <.бп
meet unexpectedly i,i,,Ф 5<.{<.1Ttre
evil officers greatly exploited their subjects misusing their
яý,ýйý'ý<'l unexpectedly met an old friend of mine
\9 l е s l TodavJ I роwеr.
in the market.
\r/ý, ý. у уý
,q qч, g(,F,Тý]' F,ý ý,{,
il, ф, {q,{, ui1 а,ч,ýi,rfr,&,16i'l,б&q1
Ап
гбч,{q, ч " l
il ý, al, п 5
practical {1,1K,!,
1
ft et
Еrr,ч1,
q eloquent speaker is people's master and а craftman is
tn ancient times people would people's servant.
ft,щ,qqк,ч,ýl,опqч'qч'&Е1
stick to their word although по affidavits wеrе
kept,

JП'П\'аllпý1 articulate and dexterous {q,lп!,р,п|,б&q,к,аr,

pTactical "lкfi,1<,&1ul<,р,}'q,оlч,ýqч,ВтЗ1, аl,щт1g<,п],Fаtrаl Dhondup is not only articulate but
р,Yl,аll,пqк1
1{-к1 one should Ье practical in every work опе does, dexteгous as well.

Lit.: scattereй Sense implied: disintegration EI<'

П'O{q'il'Y.t reciting рrауеrs and engaging in virtues п{i'
р,аYх,,п1
The Tibetan nation Еаlк,lýГl.чh.fl5.ýrц,q{q.iЦ.ý..*.оУ1,q"' one should
1т.,пrh,iк,g{i,O,gшýr1п,а}-r,п,t11
disintegrated politically after the king Lang Dаrmа, еп8а8е in рrауеr recitations and vir.tuous actions fоr the
accumulation of merit.

to Ьrеаk опе's promise/ to violate the pledge q.

tп,lЕ,ýý,ýff{] v ý,

о <о,оЙч*,{qrr к,!к,р,11,gк,пбr,ýlft
'ъ''l Опе should not F'qýý'Fч'аýк1 а close familiarity цЕ,i<,пlаr,trа\к,l,F,qRк,
výyA\
Ьrеаk one's promises to intimate'triends, rýч,а,ýý,(ц('ч,{5I А close familiarity will arise when people
acquaint опе апоthеr fоr а long time.

аЬlе to keep one's promises Ё'*rзq'{-чvб

F,lЕ,Вч,ц,ý]Еý,(l Lit.: а sore in the mouth is cured Ьу
&q,ql п,tq,Нq"гтllк,5{кt If you аrе ап intimate friend, you F'q('\'tll F,q('q'lЧ
should keep your words, itselfl Sense implied : resolved internally gаl'1пп'q<,gн,ý,ft ,

ызq,ч,\,ч,q<,аft 1K,ý1,1{'K,o,&EI
5П..q.rо.q..\,а.lп.1<.q.qifп.

г'\ч'Q'Qоý] to stammer ýli,ýк,ца,ýý,tN,п,\ч,Q,Qо",ýr,Э, ПQql The disharmony within а nation should Ье

ОýОl The child is stammering since his birth, compromised internally just as sore in the mouth is сurеd Ьу
itself.

40 4I
 Lit.: to doubt.that pearls will drор
' o,ri irom the mоutы sense implied: one who doesn't
Iý,Еý,ý,Ч1,{^,{ч",о,!
F,аI,qýý,l,БN,ryq,ф,{т".е:t Lit.: if mouth is not shared,
want to shаrе one's knowledge/ This рrочеrь is used опе cannot catch the cold/ Sense implied: То show that
whenSomeoneisTeluctanttoshareone'Sknowledge. there is а connection due to wыch there is iпfluепсе.

F,(Е,Нч,rlЕ! veTbal help

оr advice fr-<,qRK,lЗq,KR,&,qarK,qq, F,е,(,q,sr('| Lit.: mапУ mouths and many tongues/ Sense
People of the same village implied: talkative F,ц<,Q,rl<,\,15а,ч,&1fq,а51 А
п.rý.г{q.нч.кq.ý.dlк.rк,ýl,ц,а1I talkative's version is not reliable.
always help опе another.

г,Ц-ч,q,R-ч Lit.:
to hurt at the mouth and nose/ Sense lЦ'6t('Е'lý'{<.'l too mчсh talk creates enemity 1ýl'F'gý]ý.1(.
implied: to hurt mапУ people unintelligently
п]lч,пq1 11Е,F,{ 5ý\,11Е,аl,ч1,1п<,{i,Q,аrпlqdфч1 tý,ш(,1,5ý,

кh.qпк.gqq1.",.F.rч.q.Й-к1.,хк.!к,ьý]N,dr(,1 Someone's {<'l Take саrе of irоп in Sчmmеr and clay-pots iп wiпtеr.
feeling gets hurt when the truth is spoken out, However take саrе of the mouth both summеr and winter as
too much talk сrеаtеs епеmу.

F'qr4(ý'Цýl'о3к] to blanre {r,ацагч<,\к,5к,i,lп,ак(ц,оJч,

аýк,qqЕ,щ,5к,q,аr,чпк,iýt Having committed the mistake Ьу
F,6t(,цч,е,(,l Lit.: mапУ mouths and mапу hands/ Sense
mаппеr, implied: refers to public's 'ar<'\'p,er<,l,y,ell ,аr<,\,ец,
oneself, if one blames оthеr people, it is ап impolite ft ft

ar<,\,q&r,&{| Public mouths аrе poison whereas thеir hands

Lit.: heavy mouthr/ Sense inrplied: taciturn E,,п,?l,
г,Еткi аrе gold.
{аГl,r51 ц5,а,!к,q,rr,filк,пq1,!,а,а11 Не is taciturn !п

,паturе. Не wiil not speak unless he is asked,

F,Б,,qтфI ф,ш,аlоlt Lit.: to move the сНп but not the
mouth,/ Sense implied: to blame others Ьу gesture/ This
г,ý.,3,Еч,тч,d] tо,ý.,Э,Еч,Ёr,а,r1 г,ý,,3,Еч,rа,,fil is gesfure реrfоrmеd Ьу someone who is not satisfied
see p'aear'lý<'1ý Lit,: the mouth is hопеу
with somebody.
р'бы'ф!'На'бl]
and the hеаrt is ink/ the mouth is hопеу and the hеаrt
is
thom/ the mouth is honey and the heart is swоrф the mоuth
Jп'ftl,шr'пчl to follow good examples p.ftl.ar{.ýgl to follow
is milkand the hеаrt is is thom/ sense implied: bad hearted
bad examples Р'ftqrхх,'пq'ýl,t{'ц,ах,,пq,ш,ý11 Follow the
реrsоп ith sweet speech П'Ц''
w 3'Еч'q1' dh' ff щ{к1 K,lYq,
'
ýк,1
good examples,,not the bad examples.
b"*u." of а bad hearted Person with sweet speech,
p,n1,1ftqK,&11 in great пumЬеr/ а lot of &.цi.к.ls"l.п.ат

л1

43
 of mопеу fоr the qе<,ff1,1Ф.,ý11rтТ.,rхq{ýк,},пr,а51 one will not
5frlк,аllqц,ii<,l I had to рау а lot understand the lesson if one is inattentive in the class.
lithium statue.
p,dar,tsq
Р'
{Ы'tsq {s.!'| merely in words tо,"{Е,оТ*,оh,цпvц п'R'п'зч straightforward/direct <,ffр,i,lп,gqd,бч,51а,{
Ье
q,чl,пк о'fо1.'1ф t Recitation of рrауеrs should not
dar, ft 0Г51 I tiKe those who аrе very straightforward.
think as well,
mеrе utterance of words, rather опе should

fed ro-" {1ft ,Fчý1ачý,(^,ч,dчlк1Fчк1пчк,

tп'чý'tЦ'чý1 а
Yi,Bq yi minor disa glееmепt 11(,ýоrF' 15'
al а
р, ! dispute/ ý5,
Some Tibetans аrе good whereas others аrе
ý5.d\._qýЧ
tsqУ1,5,ft,1<,1 Тhеrе should not Ье disputes among
the
strап8е.
relatives.

p'qft'KTlK'к.ч,Eý'r{eq'aiq'R11 Lit.: опе can stretch а deer's

urgent need/ Suссоur 9,ý1\,чq(,\,Ё'1,&,5пк, sКn in апу direction one likes/ Sепsе impПed: many
п,t,t{",чýЧК!
пYо.l.п.qк.аl.п.Х.r{'".чпкlк,!,dqк,r ar, ш <,бп11<,п,н,gпlк,i,В1
a.r
interpretations can Ье given ý'q\'еlрý'цh,lg<,],Fр,9h,
succour
Thanks to the governrrient of lndia for providing ппlк,к,аiq,п,5<,пQl,аýн,ýч5,ч,Ец,ýп,gп,t11 The works of
help to the Tibetan refugees,
Indian Masters can Ье interpreted in mапу ways just as а dееr
sКn сап Ье stretched in апу direction one wants.
to smile оr giggle Е,,\*,qч,о,,<,агр,Бr,Вr,чЕ(,\,
р,Вх,,3х,1
tп,ýчl,Ф,&,fl dI
бГ11 Не always smiles at me, о.l1,аq,l&х,,ý,iпlк,к! Lit.: speech is Пke
froth апi practice is like golden drops/ Sense implied:
чеrу rаrе in practice/ This is used when опе says too
to receive оr give acceptance Тq'КЧ'аýl'ý*''а'
Jп,rл,{к'&ql
much and does nothing. Iý'чý(,q'{ý]1 чаr,qк<,Е,qt'пlt
{-1к.{к.<.ч.р.ur.{к'Ql.сrlч.бзц.ý<.!WhепIаrriчеdiпLhаsа If someone is frank it is easier to understand and if the rоаd
my friend welcomed me and trЙеd mе very
well,
is opened it is easier to go.

and ractical
,R,p i'ЧS(l1ц, бq,лч,6f,l,Э,
p,,f1, ar1, rf5 ] re al rл, fr ./l
р

is а real
[п'ý]к('1'ql1 if опе is frank it is easier to understand/ This
U.S.A. government
1п<к,qS,ls.,QоFт The is used when someone does not make clear indication.
democratic govemment.

ýф'Нч'ч ýa,I чеrу clear Еq,а,чN,Еý,ýо,Yq,чq.,япк,аýаr,

to Ье inattentive and distracted
aEq'q{P' tЦ'ý]
F,че.,&1,1fr<,1

44 45
 ýчl,pчýц,,ВтчNегчý(,\,оýý The teacher explains very rцý,ý(ý,о{ýl,ýё{I to implement а promise з(,Фý,ýfiN,5rJrr,
clearly while teaching. q пr к, ý к, к1 q ч, fi
,

to а < к, к, q et к, <^ ý, ц \, щ
ч, ý q r, ý 1, к, *^
5I
1, ",
Bodhisattvas definitely implement their ргоmisеs made for the
шff,g<,\ап,ýтF' welfare of others.
to blame and accuse
п,lt",о{q,..{{ý!ý1
абч,qш K,ft
,оQ
Ч-ч,гч,*,Fч,lа,ý{l,а{пlк,5к,к,R11 Мr. Мао
pK,riq,aqq,ý{1 responsibilities о.lк,l,а\h,рк,QЕ,аlq,gч,d<,п,
blimed the gang of four for his political mistakes,
Е.,\*,ч1.,о,i11 Не took all the responsibilites of this work.
rЦЧ' rЧ' Vý separate and distinct }-к, 1<,аЁ1,! q,рт1,1п1, trSr 11

Religion and worldly life аrе Мо separate entities,

pK'ctq'{v.iq1 to ассерV to recognise s'ч\,чý(,qк,В5,".,\,
л/< <,i,ý {,rц<,{g(,
Y<к,пьq,ý,ш,lпк,&q,{к,frq,чЕq'\'qýq The govenment of
rц(,{,9(,Еý ruiпеd buildings/ ruins 1qч,к,аl India gives recognition to уоur visa.
<ееv
ýп.еl(.(l.аli(.й't\5l
ll At most of the holy sites, we сап see
s
mапу ruins.
ýч,ýч,уч,f1 nooks and crannies ]'i<,pKlpl,fl,fT1ai'1tl,at,
qd<,ш,п5\,&q1 Today we will clean all the nooks and
to lose one's life for а morsel of food
пы,чtsч,ý-ч,оý*l сrаппiеs.

paгЁ'<,gvaýr,lvg,Hтfrl,тq,{q,ail Lit.: Тhеrе is по

' ,"urbr. for the road to suffer since it is the donkey that
ý(ý'ý 8
с''5ч' з11 convincing proof r r,\,{к,qк,g<к,пýо,1,1т1

carries the load,/ Sense implied: inappropriate comPlaint ýl,ýý,Э,а5,Е,qqq,ч,fq,пfi,аr,lq<,q,frlк1 It is better not to
criticise others when one doesn't have convincing proof.

Меrеlу ,ur18
па,i,оQq,чQlк,кк,сцк,!,ýп,к,ft,11
' .
g<ч,пýа,3ý,ii,] to subnrit proof ч<'\,Trк,аrgý],qшN,ý(N,
Tathagata will not puriiy the physical obscurations, (It
is а sarcastic rеmаrk to those who recite blindly without пgк,3к,{r,^ч,trчq.,ý,N,чqý,чqq,l,Qпч,кlо,l,ýI It is
thinking over the text.) important to handed-iver the proof of having completed one's
work before going to апоthеr place.

to violate the promise п}-q'tr s"r,пh,iт]q,(q,,

rýý,ý(N,ýý'оё^]
iI ] ."'а..,.",
N,ý \, Ц-1,..,п dq,& 1кh'g<к,о$*,.'ý-l'D'
ý(
з5,q,.ý,чТчý,Fý,а<ý,gý,пхr,11<,ft,1<'1 One should not 8qг
violate one's promise Ёnless inevitable problems аrе &1а,lпкl,п<'Fаilll Тhеrе аrе mапу historical evidences of
encountered. Tibet being an independent nation.

4,7
46
 benefit ý'Щк'},Р,кl,ýýаt,
ý(ý,lч,ýý,ч{(,1 good finishing/ work of quality Еаt'g'п']' Р,кq,пкы,.Qý,[ to understand the
Хк,qш,.л<,чý,т1,!{N,5ч,Зl'Э,о'rtt The tailors печеr do their .Qк,ч,5{-<к,i,Вl,*.,оЗ,ч<,Qпк'{пlк1 You аrе requested to
lý
work qualitatively and with good finishing. come hеrе with the thought of benefitting the socieý.

,qd<,q,
араrV separate Ц-5,],gя,рп,lqlщк,fr
ý(ý,i5'{5,чYll to search оr to trасе the origin ft,q{1пр1 F'Ч {.' l Fý'I {<' l
If опе can make пцl,кh,$q,ýý,ýц,,Fý,чqЕ,1<,аýш,п,аr,ý<'п't5] Tibet having
\,ý.",\5,rl,лlЪ-5,gп,l,ак,кr,пý1,!'ilt а
search for the murdеrеr, definitely he сап Ье fоuпd. remained apart frоm the rest of the- countries, could not
develop relationý with оthеr countries of the world.

g<сr'ЙГ5'g.'&-11 sonrething that has evidence to рrоче ý(ý'

к,Пч, ail g
l humbleness with conscientiousness
<
к'
Р<к,6
t.
ý
ai-:, ail, 0, 3 5, Уш, q rr к, ar d q, i п1, 1 <, пr gq, к i, ý |, Уш, Э х,

Scientific articles аrе those that have evidence to prove.

1

1o:o,q о *,6o1,ý,lt<K,1
<к,ýч,&-5,1(,qq,цч,ёч,i sI Grеа t and
ý
noblemen аrе very hцmЬlе and conscientious.

F,a,ýq,e.,] grеаtеr benefit and less risk ]п'!'Х<'F.'Цч'оýч*'

body and еуе of
gп,q,ф,пз<,i,"r,}q,р,6<,п,сji-51 If опе сап ореп а book-shop, ф-q,кi,ýк,1(,1ýа,,ýа,ft1 t-it., heart of the
there is grеаtеr benefit than гisk.
the foreheaф Sense impПed: чеrу dear and precious u{('

'}q'{а{Ш1 to mistake рrоfit fоr loss and vice чеrsа fi'}q'{ к, ar }-q!,
,
П'5, ft d <, ы i,ф-1, ч R, i
8., 1 *, 5 l *, п h, ft q, 5 1 Н i s Н ol i п е s s
q{,rr,ft,6Г<,пh,il,Зк,rл1'{gп'5{'К1 In огdеr not to mistake the Dalai Lama is the heart and еуе of ечеrу Tibetan.
profit fоr loss and vice чегsа, опе should calculate well.

Lit.:if
desire for wealth and fanre r<,ЭI,"J,qet,555,
ffi,Kh,q<,al,E5,ai,EI ч{.,*,ýт",к,щк,{q,fr11
F'Оii'чч"'а{51 there is по illness inside, there is no reason to have
frl,q,В,о{i,чкlк,а{5,ý5,кк,t,н'кq1 What is the use of aspiring
black spots on one's face/ Sense implied: If someone is
for wealth and fame when one does not possess the sКll to
acquire them. innocent, there is по need to feel guilty

defeat patiently (positive) olýK'

Р'l'rл<к'каl'ýх,I to accept
F,"Е,чa,ВI whatever is пrоrе advantageous ýl,rч,о.l,ф,кq,
Б1баlткh,аl,тЕqл.vкы,gтq5<,1{-ч1 one needs to
ч<,Е,п,i,чi<'{ч*'чl.'I Please do whatever is mоrе accept defeat patiently in оrdеr to fulfil а big task
advantageous to you.

4t] 49
F-.,Кý.,опq,frl,ql пYl,ч,g,ш,{ы1 If there is no one to /ч\
make you ап8rу/ to whom would you practice patience?

ч,ýl,о\,3l,frl,оl in а helpless situation dilernma ýп'ý.'*o1

ф-1'lлкк,l!ш't1 broad minded and Ьrаче g"l'пп,Э,is,Е5ý, бпr,lqс.,5,&q,dl,qпк,тl,ýтоi,3r,аr,ч,аqк,!,i1] опе will Ье
fr-q,ur<ч,.ч,5!ш,В,п,5{к,ч,&q1 ТПе head of а state should Ье in а helpless situation during the examination if oite does not
ьrоаd minded as well as brave. study рrореrlу.

Е.,l!*,оF-",пq<к,!,аlч Lit.: Не is constructing а

1'Эr'а\'Эr'fr5'оI to have no control очеr one's talk Б('
mandala"/ Sense implied: Опе who is deeply engrossed
пtr<,ý,r,пЭ,пh,lпк,l,тl,Эч,а\,Эr,frl,п,ак1,\,r^5J when
in thought.
sоmеопе is intoxicated, he has по control очеr his speech.

а5lк,lк,ф,1(,Тчý,trý,:ýl clothes when it is cold and

П1' i' а а ('
] w ha tever is there F'.,ft1зql,ч,i,,lýч,1,1(,чqq,
food when huпgrу пlа'\1,sl,ý,к,пý,а5кlк,trк,{'к,lr,ф-тlк, 1п1' 1
Kq'ý'ýs'tr'&q'ч'i51 Whatever is there in his hand is for the
trK'зK'Qr'ыpq'i'irl kind parents who give clothes when
It is
benefit of others.
опе is cold and food when one is hungry.

'lшý'Y{'аl'пЕ'1 to intentionally stir up trouble Q,l:r,Kol,ý, 1'i'rRq'qaK'1 anyhod in any case/ whatever it mау Ье ý5'
п,},qк,аgтlк,$,h5,пFзк,ч,аr,пiЕ,qк'5<'1 Most of the civil ..,\,з,аiq,l,qi,&q,qа<,а,ý,чВч,\,Е<,ч,ааш,ý,&q1 Any how
wаrs wеrе outcome of the disturbance's intentionally created I will retum your loan within а month.
Ьу outside forces.

qýo{'1('ýiq'qEql holding/taking а mistaken арреаrапсе пl'i'ftq'Эr'qq('1 по пrаttеr what опе claims to Ье ý5'<<'пl'i'

for truth/to grаsр truth at the illusory арреаrапсе/ It is rftq,Эх,,qа<,ýs,<<,о:,Rп,ft,пслr,яп,qЕ5,&Е'1 No mаttег what
а philosophical thinКng. you claim to Ье I will definitely not lend the book

ы5к,к&,Ql,ч,Q,rл<,rл<,I аq,П,Ql,ч,rл<,ш<,Qr Lit.: i' d(' (,\

] anything that is available
<' <,
i 1' 1а ý<,ч,п1i,аi5,Е,ш
although it is а big sin, it Ё snraЦ fоr the wise; although t
it is а small sin, it is big for the idioVA heavy negativity tý
\,{-1K,Tar'ýTrl{l'Э'alt Не gives half of anything that he
has to his friends.
is light fоr the wise but а light negafivity is heavy fоr ii

the stupid Sense implied: А holy mап knows the il

remedy for the sin whereas an idiot does not. I

ll
51
{]
а
50
I
t
 fl{'Ц5R'iЦ] an efficient person 5а,а{5,},5<,В,i,ч*,о5.,{
1rtr'1',tr] slowly/ gently o.1ý,T],ýl,,ir,l,fi ч,5к,t,lк,}-q,ш,х<,ý,
Ц'i5I Опе саппоt finish one's work in time if one does it F5'1tqаtrч The secretary of the Library is ап efficient
slowly. реrSоп.

ч,ý,ý],ЕýI from everywhere/ frоm all directions ý'\al,N,al,o.f, Ч{'ýq'q\'Цq'frl'Ц1 desperately looКng everywher" ..'\'ý'
п т1 к, к i, к, al,\, & q,1 х, п..q, а\, п q, fr 5, ч r, ý,", }, а 5ý Th е m oth еr
ýа,,pý,ч,ý,ч,qк,ft,ш<,ббГ<'\'оýоl Мапу people come to 1 1
Dharamsala from every different countries of the world, who lost her child is desperately looНng everywhere.

ý]('q{L'\'('8.'J u", how

Ч'ý'Ч'ф1 all очеr/ everywhere ц'ffu{'<,к,п}-q,},g"гq,ý,qоJ, ý<'ý<,оr<,ý<,qл,оllк,Qпк,к,|,rлтl,б

Впк'пgтqqq'п'i5J Last уеаr His Holiness the Dalai Lama Апу how it is good that the tеасhеr has come.
g ll ý.'(.'1
visitedtnany соuпtгiеs abroad.
ý]('Зý'В'ЗýJ as best as опе сап g'ч\'ч$<,tк,П-l,il,6пк,пYщ,п,
1<'tsft'яl'qýJ Ьу all means/ in all respects g,ч\,ýq.i,ý.,ti, Fаr,{qч,rы,1<,gп,t,gп'тlЕ('dr51 The government of India
я5,1N,ý,qч,чq<,"lN'ýч'\'i51 ТЬе Indian government is better provided their best to help the Tibetan геfugееs.
than the government of China in all respects.
q' Х'5'gП'gп'| as much as possible п д,Q к,ýк, r <,\,{-л,1 к,бч,{лlк,

ч('51q'В'аý]N] whatever is good g"гtцý,}{q,ýч(,1чq, чп'q'f5'gп'5п'лlq<'\'аtrч Tashi helps his friend as much as
q\Ay
ý'фчý'Чч'ч5('{Чý'Ч5<'l Please do whatever is good for the possible.
соuпtrу.

Ч.'qfi'qi5 J
whatever one likes 4lý<,\,t{ц,бý5,х,<,ýr,qк,к1<,
Ч('ilФý'В'ыýqц as sооп as possible К-5,ft,В1,{<,яаl,<l,ý](, о{i,оfi,чq.,q,иrq,бп'ilJ It is not good to do whatever you
аSlк,З,аr ýlк,rл,fr ,i,p,"гчY.'\'аll One thousand Tibetans like with the govemment рrореrtу.
shall Ье sent to U.S.A. as soon as possible.
ý]('qýý'ýi'ýl whatever is convenient ýý]'о.rк'ý<'qпк'п\,п,\,

Ч.'{Ч'{Ч to do as much as опе can do Yl,ft,fK,r<,\,g*,F", do

B5,*.,E*,{q,m,lq<,{qK'T11<'1 Please whatever is
convenient to you first.
Э{ч'tr tr", о,о1.,{ч,{ч,^{q'к,к11<,п,i 51 Tibetans d о as much as
they сап do for their country.
;l
.il
;

ý
?
t 53
52 1

;,
I
!:
ý
g
+
 to do one's best Ц-5,чý(,ф,<N,ч(,ýч,t,5q,qк,ч, everywhere (а't-lý,ба(
1(,ýч,ý,ýч Ч
(' N'Ч (' СД'
t er,ft <,п1<,к.кlк.ч.аýr{<.
&q1 I aia my best for the Tibetan govenrment. аГ1I Му friend has the experience of having gone ечеr5rwhеrе
in the world.

1<'a5'B1'&E'Eq(,J whatever it mау !g Ц'5,r<,кdч,$,{ч tr iro,

<огq<,а5,tq,&t,q,л.,ч{.,аЕ,ý5,5ф,п,&q1 We should ч('ý'В'яiI in every field w,fi,i,lпi,ý,Ео],**.ч<.ч.З.яl.qк.5пl.п1.
struggle fоr оur independence whatever the problems we riГ51 тье U.S.A.is Ьеttеr than China in every field.
might face.

ý]('ýNs,t'Kl'i'оч5'оI to say whatever is in the mind

1r.пкаr.
ч(,ý<,Бt(,5(,, ч(,ý(,N(,ý.,Зl,цl ч(,5(,il(,5(,ýч5,(, ч'\.!-1'шрq'".rкlк<'пý-5'ft'tr<'1 Опе should not disclose the
iпrеstЙiпV to ас1 withБut decency/ Й sр"оЁ without
secret to someone who says whatever comes to his mind
decency ш-о,чh,Е.,ý..,ý.,о.,ý.,Зs,а,ýп,q,qк,3.,"зr,ýr,Э,
a5l If you do whatever comes to уоur mind in the school i к1 Шае and seek (,Ф(,€(.&Е.trк.qп.tк.&ý.\'ý.ц (.
1п' RK' &п,
you will Ье dismissed frоm the school.
Т3l'У.'l When I was small I played the hide and seek game
а lot.
п1<,ыdык,.Qч,ЕN1 after а while/after sclnretinre ýl,r<,w,i<,
aýr,qK,п1<,alXaK,.Ql,qч,ýi rХr ý aýJ After а while you will
feel happy when you rеасh the United States.
1х"а{п\r'аffrl'ч1 to wander everywhere B.i<.T1<.af
а\<,аffr5,к,апк.!.i51 Мr.Тshеriпg roams everyrwhere
without рurроsе.
ý1('чдý'чдý] with great саrе iý'qq,i,Х",ýо'lч,qо",с1.1'ч('чаý,
ý]зý'ýflý'чq.'\'оýЧ The tеасhеrs аrе teaching the students
with great саrе. 1r'&-<'a'fr]t not to know whеrе опе has gone ч{.Ri-(..{i\.
iГ<,п^l,п1 not to know where опе has 8опе/ out of sight ffП.
dык,url,бQ1,\, Е,Т1,1к,ý<.т<.1ч.{<.а.fr 5.aqK.{<.1 Nothing is known аЬоut
ч(,ф,ý](,ыdык1 quite good ý<,р<,<l,ч(,ф,ч(,ц
him (where he has gone) since he left the school.
q(',l''ýýЧý'qýЧ Не stays in а quite good house.

чa,i",В,iýJ to the best of one's knowledge/whatever опе
knows qq,arlK,}K,T1<,.QK't'.QK'ýo,{q'чq.'\'aýý1 The teacher
is teaching to the best of his knowledge.
1r'Rr-<'|K'fr51 по trасе of one's whereabout ý'dE.q,.tq.a,,
пýпк,з<,ý-lк.чqr.{<.|к.fr5.trЕr.аtrпl Although а thief
entered the house at midnightl thеrе was no trace of his
whereabouts iп the morning.
 extremely imроrlдп1 &q'ь'а\,i-l,r<,пdl,пцп, respected and beloved ч ф,к,gпк,о{'q,аq,
чо.t,с{ч(N,Еq'{1 1К'П3'1пlа'ý=11
Ц'оJ'ý]al'qч(кQq'tr'аq'rе11 This document is extremely {r,a(al,ft <,1<,к,сiГ<к,!к,lч,п3,5пlа,Qtýл,tr,аgg\df51 Hl,
important to prove Tibetan Independence. Holiness the Dalai Lama is respected and beloved Ьу all
Buddhists throughout the world.
,q",ffl,ч,lаrБ,1,,,{1
1а'Б'{Е'5ы| to take great care ýцч,ffi е
{'Ст'FЦ't'Rý'(1
lч l
to hеаr nothing about ýоmеопе пlýк,аlкlк,
1Эlк,$'$(,чоJ,аJ опе should give great саrе of to the ч
]

student's education. ý'п,gYl,чh,Qк,ц {:g.YK.g.fr 5.K.alK.{<.t Since Tashi left the

school, nothing has*b""r,*heard about him

а!, а'ýý'ч к] important and uTgent З*,\,tr",ý,П-5,В я i,еч,

{g' r"
ч [ýl а|'( J nonsense {q,lq{q,Xтg, аlкЁ,пlа, ilar1a
q' 5,
Ithas ьесоmе
ý.,g ii,ч*,В,trк,кlхкlк,Э,чq*,q.*,iч,х,лоуr5] il'Чq<'I Please do not talk such попsепsе.
ЙрБrtапt and urgebt to study Tibetan language these days,

-!'\/ \

ч"{,чql,аq'{j very important ýп,зкl,чЗч,*,*,,\,аrlýr,qаr, i'{q'ач"ФNI to understand чеrу well K<K,gK,!,Klý<,{ý,

ач" {чк'сif<'п'чк'д'беl'i51 understand
Чqi'аq'бG'rЧ'БЧ'аq] А degree has become very imроrtапt i-'{q It is not easy to

for а student. well the meaning of the Buddha's teaching.

Kla,бý,al,qq,5E,1(,1 1arKh,tsK,ar,ýs,d{] Lit.: to emphasize {1П'

trпl'цп| misinterpretation dl,а h,qq<,с^l1,бш,Qк,q,к<к,gч,
the irrrportant ones and to make а hundred repefitions
ý\О<ч
D,чý.,*,{о,trl цп'Й<'}q'аf51 There is а
dапgеr of
misinterpretatingBuddha's teaching if опе does not know the
of а spiritual рrасtiсе/ Sense implied: to emphasize В1,\(,
presentation of valid cognitions рrореrlу.
&5,q,с^l<,1аr,бЭ,ч,qq,51,5<,5п,кh,}-к,оJ,ýg,
\к,шýq,lкн,i11 {vve
dr,ý,B5,trrx<'п5x'qK'K'&q1 It was clear to you, however as Ч'U('Яý'U('I Lit.: to have heard or experience/Sense
to emphasise this I told you again. implie d : to hav е f amilia rity with q 5,б{{<,}'к, ш <,{di'5,
{<,

ч,ч,{к,\к,q,Фlк,п95,Ъ-п'!,i51 Опе will get а good lesson if

admire
ý1{, &' \ J to respect and
ý
<'
",\,д-",l{q,a,,ýN, T\, one asks ап experienced old mап.
ýN,
сi,r<,qq<,пfiЦ,}ф",ч.!к,пз..,бQl,i51 It is the Tibetan
custom to respect and admire one's master. i"'O'i not hearing clearly/ to have half heard пlа'ilя,{аг
*'{чЕ.'Е'оЕ'Е-qк'fr51 It is useless to engage in discussion
that is not hеаrd сlеаrlу.

_56
{'<'аlYr'аffЯпк1 means of promoting оr advancing/ ф,к, R аr,П{5
1
p.ogr"ssing step Ьу step Б ý.ý5.3.Е(.ý.ф.ч.i пl.

improving ý к,сiГЕ,ш r, gK,{-<, шъ-<,аf яп к, ц ]п,х,хч",д-ч, ýt'5,ý]Е(,ýý,q.Э.r,.чtsоглq.5q.gч.р.}-п.gп.!.ill If опе

рrоgrеss
5{'К'П'&q1 It is necessary to rеаd mапу different books as а step Ьу step in politics, one day опе will gain victory.
means of improving one's educational standard.

ф к'к' al<"Ф l spoiled habits я,аlqаПq.q.Vlк.ч.ф к.ч.ч<к.

ф'q"'{'.'ýl Ыgher and higher/ to promote 5нo,гaýr,} Q-r,ш,ат1ч,пlЕ(,5Е'ý1 One should not indulge in bad habits,
,1glý,ýц{Ф,q",{.,ýý*,п,н,]<"trк,!,5кч,аýr,ý,а{q.* i*, like smoКng and so forth.

1{K'K'&q1 In оrdеr to promote economic development, it is

necesary to know the mоdеrп economic methods. ф",чQ",<{.кt bad habits ф*.ф*..Е.(Ф(.ýý.Еý.ý-*.g.Q.:ч.
qm,hq,бi51 It is very important to abandon bad habits from
Ц-.'sчtsч'g^l Lit.: to Ьесоmе one solid/ Sense implied: childhood.

uniý/ inte grity/ s olidariý Ц-5, &,6Г<к,ft к, а gq, п ý "l,{к,з,

ф",чQ",ýr(,Ч good habits ft,d<,rл,rпк Э
з тý
rф*,ф*.
чЗч, g.,ý.,Е,r <,п ба,iiq,ч <,к
E,YqK,B It is very useful to have
for
1

solidi"rity* among the Tibetans acheiving their па<,{ý,5q,аГl,i51 Children frоm а good family have good
Independence. habits

of solidarity ý' 'B.,oI old custom 6'1,!,glк,ýш,ý<,ч,ч,а<.ка.Еq.ýgа.

{'<'ýfr'xK'K1 the роwеr of unity/ the spirit ф",ý*
к, 5 к, dГ5
ýш'd<'1к'g'fr'ш{".гпlцQl'аfiк,ýк,а(11 In the
,
q
ч, &
",
П-l, g, 8 fr ш <, Fт1
", Е Ф, за, 1к,
к, п1
{х, яп
1 age_old
Chinese have tried to destroy the spirit of Tibetan solidarity. custom of Tibet, а would-be bride is garlanded а torquoise Ьу
the boy's family as ап engagement gift.

ф'К'еllЧ'{К] Lit.: to step а forward/ Sense impЦed: to ,g,qЕ,е,Б1I зý,ф,з,ыtýN,ýN,Е,з,g,

ф,*,{1оFý,5ý,q,Е-5
advance щý,..{1о.!,щ\,9к,6Г<,п,о.l,ф,ч,шtrq,lк,вl trl'tr Yr{к'п'
gq'&'atl If опе carefully wears clothes, the clothes will
&q1 It is necessary to advance step Ьу step for the progress
йч.. Ье wоrп out and if one eats moderately, the food
of а project. will печеr ruп out.

ф,о,{q,il-у! Lit.: to step еаrliеr/ Sense implied: to Ье ahead

аgщ,а кýl,g,Еd1щý,i,rq,ф,о,ч.,{q,{к,5к,r;f11 арап has S<.'а-Ч'Тq'Ч ýý J соmрепsаЁоп f оr the loss o.1el,g<.tr ai'5.K Ёр<.
J

taken а step ahead of China in the field of technology. K,q al к,qq<,\к,п.!тl,п,{<.{к.lq<.qк.У..й-ч.тq.т" п.lЕ<.1.i
1l

58
59
 ll

flawless philosophical school gшф,ш<,1к1

весаusе the government demolished the houses оп the sides ýý'ЫЯ'l'Уq'а51
of the rоаd, the govt. will give compensation fоr the loss, qq,пft,gп,еlяq,qцý,ýý,еtsа,{л,аr,аll А philosophical school
with valid reasonings is called а flawless philosophical school.
,а\,чк,^1ý
$, я,Ц а pretender/ malingergr i,trч,ý-5,*,rQ,iч,
fr

r-it.: irrespective of the sects/ Sense implied:

а5П1 This mап malingers at the time of work, ýý'Цýr{'Rý'R11
,а
ecumenical gп, ar яа,Rк, R T",,A'ý,ý(,ýlq(,q,lfl q,d,i 1I It i s
irnportant to study (faith) irrespective of tЪе sects.
ч,gкI,ýЕ,ýш,flк,к1 чеrУ excellenV abundance in

everything Fк,ý5,5\аtrt,ц,q el N,сrгý'ýк, gq, gar,&1K,K,R 5,q,rx<,

biased attitute toward the philosophical
ýý'NЯа'С{еч'q B{I
,l&чNl It doesn't mаttеr fоr а practitioner ечеп if the facilities
schools/ sectarian gп,ш яа'а.r'аiЕ'Е.'З5'Е'r.'g5'а{'1s, ý'{чN'
аrе not very excellent.
Sectarian people cannot actualise realisation.
ý'\'Ш'аtl
ý'ýqь'l<'п ý{] ever ready/ fully рrераrеd <,Fi-1'ol'o{'q*'T'
We аrе fully рrераrеd to go to Tibet, {о1*,F,q."пýпк,к,Q,&к,gат1 Lit.: the favour that is coming
ýq'Ш.'П*.'&1] to the mouth is pushed away Ьу the tongue/ Sense
irnplied: to reject ап oppoTtunity/to miss an opportunity
ЦýlN'Ц'КаJ'ý('I
_.J|\9g excellent reputation {Rш,qЭ<к,qqк,Yп,чft,ýк, ,а5,Yп,з<,<<,\к,аr,ý
чк,lrлq,if 5,кý,ý-о]*,lо,Е.,оýпк,ч,Q,&к,
ý.ýýЧК.ч.3о.l. g<.}-п,rr11 тье поЬlе lаurеаtе have gained
q ц
ý gш,Эr'п'5<'п6.*'ýI Not availing of а good job opportunity
excellent reputation.
of job resembles the fачоur that has соmе to the mouth being
pushed away Ьу the tongue.
ý(ý,щý,r{lý"r.l] countless ft,l<к,чк,аlк,к,5кп1,\,1пк,
gПК16С11 Countless people were Hlled during the wаr, {-ЧК'frl'чtч'g1 Lit.: to have no friend,/Sense implied:
alone/ loneliness аВ'пfr'trк'g{-тlк,а5,1Вq,хr,аý'5{-к,1 опе
<K,lfi ,gqrрý,Е(,ýqri п,T яп,
ц al,i el,a яп' У11 .tus struggle 1er
has to go alone at the time of death.

Уl'r,п,qк,fr1] Тhеrе is по class struggle in а democratic €ý,с\

country. ý('ц.l'ý'q'щ('$(Е'ql'чýЫI Lit.: to mоurп thrее days
even for the death of one's neighbour's соw/ Sense
implied: to respect оr share other's suffering, such as
аlеrV аПче t ý('ý,q ý'qЧ1,ý(ч{i,бlф,о i i q,T
е!

ý.'ч,{i,к1 not playing radios and so forth during the misfortune

1ч,Бlбt11 It is very important fоr security guards to Ье
always alert and vigilant.

61
 I

i
./ý.ý
Ц-1,
tr
{'<,к а ar,fl aг arB к,$, п ý, п, & q,
Е,
c^l R,
ý,
( q, q
ч, ч цаr, ý 1'
ч'
5 1 ffпr'ы'кq'ыВq'чП'lп1 Lit.: it did not help the lungs but it
ТiЬёtап people ечеп mourn three days at the death of one's poisoned the liier/ Sense implied: Instead of help it
neighbour/s cow. became а harm to somebody.

-/ С\ ý. ,y11vaýх.,
{*'оR'gl'Qп1 to consult and examine чK{1a\fr,{*,qqq,ш ff gтYп'glsuddепlу<h,rt'qк,бfr'g<,}-п,9п1апlа,ft
ý-"i,g1,0о,чЕ(,q,,Nч,rоВq,O,rrl опе will gain а good &-"'I Му friend suddenly rеturпеd frоm Gа Mi-nyag.
understandiing of the wоrk if опе examines it and consults
others.
R'з",rч,ч{q'1 sudden represion/sudden attack 5Т'5ЧЦ'qК'fr'
{к,ft,ш,ýк,I яýl,\(,\ц,lY1l consult others and make ý\,ýч,ч{Е,ч,lк,ý5,&1Qк,пч,бilt It is difficult to know
one's own decision when there will Ье sudden rерrеssiоп Ьу the епеmу.

11a'faýK,Tl1 а mixture of joy and

а('аq'ýý,ро.т,Qgоrаýш1 Lit.: to load а calf with ап 5Чq'У€('flýа!1
elephant lоаф Sense implied: to очеr load sorrow фа q,fr
,iк,rл,а l,..,\,ggч,1,51а,fg<,аý ш,6Г<,\,t
11
Тhеrе will Ье а mixture of joy and sorrow when а mother
somebody/exploitafion gltrпgпQ,о,r,<а,Уо,1,1н,оi,а,, meets her son after а long time.
tq,gп,афегig,ч,а\аrп,1<'qЗlч'&q1 Engaging in tlre lаЬоur
at the age of fourteen is to очеr load оr exploit children.
happily/
1Ча'l1q'81,8il iоlq,lчо,ТХi 1кlа,ы1&,<<,!
,Х<, еr,бчý{,i{
,}q,*к,{1к,к,fr oyf ully/ rej oicingly Y5,ft ý ý,51q,5ч..1,8 т8 1
1l чдý,ý'ý,}q,шк,цк'о,fr 1] TheTe
j

fi .,пft
is по greater hunger than at а picnic; thёrе is по greater ..,$'Э'alt All Tibetans live happily during Losar.
cold than in the пеw dress/

11а,Sы,F1,.Qк1 to Ье huppy and Ье contenteфto Ье

to sing and dance ffпlк<,цак,ý{,qý-q,d<,пк:ц satisfied and pleased l<,а,l,т1<,сjfl,ч,\,а1,51а,{аl,}'1ýк,ýlк,
{аq,{овýI
аq'{аДП'ý1!'r11 Everyone will dance and sing during It is а religious practice to Ье satisfied with what
1aK'fiq'i11
Losar. one has.

frq,о,ч бо]"l а fool's persuation аrк{11<,&q,Е,сN(,frЕ,ц,щ,

iчq,{q,Вq,аýцI celebTation
<i,qЗl,fiЁ,а<,кh,lкlа,{q'iЕ,оý*,

€ l*,ý,ft,ý.'] One should not engage in а fool's persuation

o *.'}q't|I Тоmоrrоw is my sistels mаrriаgе celebration.
whatever Hnd of job it may Ье.

62 63
11q'r9'Ц close friends and well wishers K'FqK'6<'qK,Kq, (from) non-virtues/ Sense implied: to show what is right
{11qа'{'ý'{r51 We were close friends frоm childhood оп. and wrong 5\'пft,п,Qк,пlýq,ý,щк,апlqi,iЦ,очl,Rý,ýТщ,ý]1(,
g']'&q'K'i5! It is the duý of the spiritual mаstеr to show
5У'{аР-Ш'ýJ bubbled очеr with joy чЕý,6сJ,ýа(,Ч,{q", ihut i, right from wrопg.

Ц-5,fr,tс.,п"lтlа,{чп,tr,аýш,{<.1 All Tibetans bubbled with

same opinion, assertion, thought and
ioy when they hеаrd the good news. 1фк,к"ltslк1
interpretation ýт]rц,qЕц,1(,ýдёl,аQ{,ý,1{'<к,ч,qЗqч,i11

I1q'frЕ,5ýlq,*,{ч to Ье biased er<,FqK,},1gfi 1t,11e,ft q,5d]a, The iпtецрrеtаtiопs of thelKangy*r. *"d Тапgуur аrе Same,
шft,ff,ý5,еrрq,],а5,1{'к,ч,&q1 Public leaders should Ье
to beg one's pardon honestly/to ask for
unbiased lф",iч,зчц,цlq]
forgiveness [Е'ýЕ.'ýý'\'ý9п'н'1<'пQq,6('<,gп,ш,{<,l l{'<ц,lq,
1\,qq,п:к,П,lЧýч гс,6,rý:(,П,ý,ýч Lit.:studentsof 31К'п]lq\'а(1 Yesterday I could not come to оur
а good tеасhег; children of а good parents/ Sense appointment for which I beg раrdоп.
implied: А student will Ье as his teacher and а child will
Ье as his parents/ ап example of goodness/ THs is used
KKK,gK,},1{-<K,K,IýK,
to appreciate someone's children оr students. lФ"' o'tB*'BE' о
I complete thought
!q,K, ft
,
к o.1,K к
! к,gп,!, ы,i 11 ordinary mап cannot
understand the complete thought of Buddha.
iЧ'О{q'УЕ'&Ш1 constructive suggestions апd criticism Чý{'
а{'1,ч,5с,,{,6ý'5,q,lЧ,qТЕ,Sq,&н,qqк,l{к| Опе should give
way but to resign Е*,\",чý,,1ъ*,
constructive suggestion and criticism if the news writers аrе 1{<K,K'r<,qK1 Lit.: по
honest. пч,пЕк,5к,6.,1ф*,о,*.,ý",ýt,li-"'ýý There is no way but
to resign fоr he was invoived in the misuse of government
money.
iq'Rч,l"l^'qч Lit.: white virfues and black non-virtueY
Sense implied: good and bad/positive and negative atpý' death anniversary 1(,ц,6(,аlN,ý(ý,gý,
l{.",{ч*,iк,r11
пк'чк'5\'Qч'1'']\'Еч'1;''сш<'{<'ý'а'i51 Scholars will печеr qg gп,чi,1{<к,{кlк,ff пqтiк,5q,gп,i11 All Buddhists
mistake the positive and negative action. annually commemorate the Mahaparinirvana of Buddha
Shakyamuni.

lаlочl'Rqý{ч Lit.: to explain virtues and to release

to give great consideration rл,fi,i1п,qq<,
tЦ-.",о ql, dl,fr 1I

64 65
 \fyA_
\к,е-1,&,Fк,1{-с.к,пQl,t5.fi 1,qqч.rlt5.t11 The united states versa ]ýк]Эq,{,{ч,\,окш,{щ,\,ýq'р,d,бR11 The thought of
government gave great consideration to the Tibetans. taking ап епеmу for а friend and vice чеrъа is very
dangerous.
{6
11N'еlýq'б'Цý песеssаrу things/ necessity fr <pi,{q,ar,l{K,
1ý'ФТ5З'q3lt to distinguish епеmу frоm friend ý(ý,ýý,
шýh,s,ч1,6с,о.Т*Еч Buy all the necessary things before
the picnic. ",''1ý'чqЕ' 1ý,аý1,!,gпlк,п
ч ar, &
11 Buddha does not
distinguish ап enemy frоm friend.

1ф,шýQ<,ак1 self_suffient 1,fti,l{",arfr'Q<.aK.!.9o.,.rýý.

1ý'lТq'Ыýl-q'Чý6ll ап епеmу/ а friепd and а protector fr,
ТtsЧ'rlТ }арап is а self_sufficient nation.
lfrq,пi,а,qч,lт,чýq.цЦ-q.lgаr.ш.{<.п.ýтlч-".Rll Being
humans one should not mistake ап епеmу, а friend and а
lф'оYl'ýq,qý(,I а wish fulfiЦing gеm {..ýrф.о{r.тq. рrоtесtоr.
.rý<'q,qlýi'qгп,ý,пqп,п, Аr
ý l I g<'qýý'З'{'5l Whatever рrауеr опе
makes Ьеfоrе the wish-fulfilling gem will Ье fulfilled.
1ý'qýф'ЧТq'У.l to сопquеr one's епеmу and pTotect
one's friепd, чq(,\,ýi,ýкi,51,аtrч,чqтУ.,i,ýi,ý" Чч,&qt
lф'О'lЧ'dq1 purpose/significanceДenefi t tsK.g<K.qK.1{-K. The gочеrпmепt policy is'to сопquеr опе's епеmу аЙd ргоtесt
к,5\, dЕ,тl,r,6Г5,t
one's friends.
tt
11 What is the purpose of studying
dhаrmа.
v<\ е
5ч'Цq'ýЕ'чtllý Lit.: enemy's sеrчапV Sense impПed: slave

1ф,аl,еlЕvtsк1 uппесеssаrу decoratiorr/ еlаЬоrаtiоп ý. tт,ft,зq,чбГqý5,ч,чкQ,п'51а1 It is better to die than to

become а slave of one's епеmу.
чý1l<,trl{'к,il.шЕк.}'к.].а5.шYч.g.П11 Опе cannot find
unnecessary decorations in а mопЁ's qчаrtеr.
v{€
Iý'аТ'Щ<'О('Еý'ЫБl'БJ Lit.: the arms should Ье Teady
before the епеmу аrriчеУ Sense impПed: making
5ý,1'1K'сit'<'1('ý'ErJ'ýK,ft,.Qк1 Lit.: nobody knows when
the епеmу will соmе оr а son will Ье Ьоrп/ Sense preparations in advance
imphed: everything is so uпсетtаiп оr опе should Ье
ever rеаdу ý. с\
5ý'ilК'ПКl'ýr{'6,'Ч'фЧ Lit.: the head and arms of ап епеmу
killed Ьу оthеrУ Sense implied: to claim credit for
lТ'ЧТq'{'{Ч to mistake ап епеmу frоm а friend and vice othelswork|ý'ft ч,пк 5,чR,ш{:шпl,я,х.,t1,ý *,i*,ý{a к,пý,я,

66 67
 qа,,i]l Claiming credit fоr othels work is а very low deed, Ш{lш'q'пк'ш'Хr1 Lit.: unknown to the ear аЬоut the
rotten head/ Sense implied: чеrу careless/ not knowing
what is happening пеаrЬу
п{п{х,'п6ý'ýtrý1 to deceive and insult щq,"r,п{пя-*,l,,
кбк'пYк'еr'1{.'I Ро not deceive and insult others.
ш{;аr,а,.Q-х,,tх(,ý\,ff(,i5,оI Lit.: no time to rub one's head
ечеп if it catches firel Sense implied: to Ье very busy а<'
еr{:апl,атl,týч,r5l Lit.: to bleed from а cracked head/ Sense ý\ € лу v ч л \
ýq,eý,o.1, rJ
ý,аl,ычх,'цl <'ý{'аl('Цl
('Ч'аl'<]| Af tеr marriage опе
implied: to Ье beaten until опе bleeds х,пЭ,цпк,пr{:ап1
will not have time to ruь one's head even it catches fire.
Fч,ъ'Е,ý<,q,Щ.,э,{'\,о,il] In the state of intoxication,
one
will no*t know even if one has been beaten bloodedly, -r-
Ч'а!ý'&'t'ýl Lit.: а sоrе bigger thап the head/ Sense

end ý<'ii'ý<' implied: to commit а serious blunder аrк'аlаr,ý,аБ{,чq,

ы{;ыgl,пr,чýs,l frоm the beginning to the
Ai
Compassion
бп,$,ешк,пý5,кr,аr{пgп1ý{,чýеl,тчаr,В,п,&q1
is very impdrtant fоr the generation of Bodhicitta from the
beginning to end.
ы{п],{vq,tsкlпlк1 Lit.: а сlечеr mап losing his haУ
Sense implied: the defeat of а clever mап
ы{:аgо-l,сgý,qýф1 Lit.: to offer one's head and body/ Sense
'implied:
to surrепdеr everything after the defeat of а
waT 5е!ч,ýgýý,lN,кеl,q,51,аr,ft,аfi,пQl,tr оqоg*,чý,qýщ,ý
:{",itt If the war is defeated опе has to surrender
everything to the епеmу against one's wish,
ы{frl'аltrl'fr11 t-it., no beginning; по end,/ Sense implied:
}-r,q,аr{:шк,к,Б,п,п5}q,аf5'ilI If опе makes а mistake in the
planning of project, it might Ьесоmе а blunder, like maКng
а sоrе bigger than the lread.
r/\\
цýlЕ'til,Еýý's]11 Lit.: without protector апd refuge/ Sense
implied: in а critical situatiorr/ рооr and down trodden
lTq оХ-ч,ччеlý,п{-q,а5,6пк,R5,qшк,!,п{1gпк,t5! The
all the рооr and down
Three-}ewels аrе the protector of
trodden people.
ыSпlк,ыSlý,5ý,Е,q{{,о{.l work done in haste always
takes mоrе time/ Whenever one does work in hurry, it
is поrmаllу not done in а good way. Therefore one has
to it again. Then of course it will take more time to
complete the work. In such cases we use this expression.

disоrdеrласk of discipline оr incomple te аrк,l,ы

al gK1,
{1а 1,
qч,ql,Ф,ь!,l,ýý{J infatuation with novelty in the beginning
aT1,or,Зl,q,цK,g<,&1,AK,ý5,!,a,a5J If you do such
people
incomplete wоrk по опе will trust you. "lч,1<,п{}'1fi,ýl,чN\,ýý,э(,ilъч,8о,,шрq,5ft,бi51

68 69
 аrе infatuated with the novelý of а project in the beginning аfп\,{i,п]1 verY convenient to go оr stay fr,qýq,s&q.q.qff
but it is rаге to find sоmеопе who will complete it.
Оj'{:'Оi'Q'sЧ't5l lt is very convenient to
8о оr stay if you
{ \/ €./ аrе alone.
]

Б'ч'r{5Е'r{Б'а(''l to care for & to bring up'{'Цý'ý$'о{'r{q'

аFf,<'П11<'П'а5t Раrепts саrе fоr and bring up thеiг children аfпi'ft,о.г{5,чft,Qшv&51 u traveller has по mind to stay/
somewhat sarcastic remark
аýШ'Пfr'Yl'шft,Ру Lit.: to stamp оп the fallen/ Sense
impПed:to torfure and insult someone in difficulty/ This а{<{1vаtr1'{Чч а companion оr а friend <,ш,аý{lк,
is used when sоmеопе in difficulty is torfured and
аtr1'{ЧК'0'&'ЧЗЧ'О'ЧfЧК'fi51 l have по опе but а cat as mу
,ц(,qt,щý,,т1Еý,В*,оý5,"i,аýк,пft бl,ч,
insulted. fr-<,r<,1пfi friend оr companion.
{qQTR51 О" tbe top of being ill, he waý diбmiýýed IФm
the iob. Thiý is to toltur.e ýоmеопе iп diffiФlty. чт{_1j" oI ап old wоmап who
iц]-Е-уl
саrriеs 8old at her l,.,, т
bacld sense implied: time frее of
аýl'л'ý.rl'ýl Lit,: mаtсЫеsУ Sense imPlied: iпсоmра!аЫq' social m€пасt/ Thb рIочеrЬ is uýed to indicate th€
8ood
exceшent F(,д]g(ч1,!]с<,Еф,.r{q,6,ý(,ýd{-п,is1 не ь *iл1|'":iil1::;"
old wОmаП could trачеl s;fely
excellmt lп Evrn8 зр€есhеý

r{ о.' Б''
ýы' rr51 intersectiorVroad-crossin g (meeting place Еq'F'lбq'1{[ the уоuп8 obedient to the old qq.p.lý-q.fi.ý5.
ýф'
q,cx,rпK,i51 It is well mаппеrеd to Ье obedient to elders.
of three roads) аýаl'о,'аl'ýц'аr{\r'а1а<,rхq,{тlВтl,аtrч
Тhеrе is а good tea-stall at the intersection of thrее roads.
EN'ý'ýý'ýt to become older and older <'Fц'п
ýк,ч,аr.lfqк.i.
аffП5'fi'Ыýýt wise manner of Пving in а society 8'Fч"' п,l,i,lK,qK..ý.ýý.ý.q{t.aГ5.K.i51 Although we аrе not
аwаrе of it, we аrе becoming older day Ьу day
q<,аffпY,{'1,аrркýк,Е,g.'б&1I Опе who knows the wise
mаппеr of living in а society is called wise реrsоп.
{аl,аЕ<'Ц'ttз5 l continuous fi ght 51,бg,qq,ar.ý-m.aE(.ý Б,ý5.
о{з.*,fi,q(ýI how to mапа8е in one's life K'arK'<<'\'ý q",ýтq,i.rl.чtкl.ч.Fш.g ш.р.Ъ-к.!.i51 If we continuously fight
against the Chinese, опе day we will certainly get the victory.
1r,aý-g<K,tr-1q.vrтT1чqR,\,r1l Parents guide thеir
children in how to manage their lives.

1о 71
g,ыFцы,ак,и,цаrч,.Q,qкr Lit.: if the осеап can drу, frogs ý'r,af5,ala,rK1,gK,K,t5J The success of а project depends
uроп whether опе has support оr not.
can diЁ/ Sense inrpfied: if the higher ones сап sacrifice
why not the lоwеr ones
ýý'qq,lý(,чТql to have support, роwеr and friendshp {1
Б,,9,5ý1оrqýsfr,gо,Чq,lз<,ч9q,абl Chinese had suрроф
g'ыF6\'\'аýаrп1 Lit.: relation of а dгор in the осеап/
роwеr and friendship with Russia in the past
Sense implied: to make kаrmiс connection д,аr,ка<,б1<,g,
аrF6,iп1,\,аýш",чq<,Е,qаr,Вq,бi11 It is important to make
ýý' e'ýq'{'T1 insincere/ hypocrisy d6,
аtý',т]'gý'ц
ýЕ,rfr'1ýтq
а karmic connection *]th u good lama.
at'l11 One should not Ье insincere in one's work

g'elFx,'{55ýKJ Lit.: to throw а stone in the oceatV Sense

imрШеd not to give any kind of rеsропsе/ indifferent ýal,ýýl,fl{, чч revival of BuddНsц Ц-5'r<'п{q'Yп'пR'iк'g'
Ц-1, к, q В q, & q, к i, ь, 1
к, i-5,{Е, я-л, *, ý, о Fr {1 g1 к, q с, п
0
q,
3 l,q, 9*r,ýgЕ,fl\,чVзп,iк,&11 It is definite that the revival of
Buddhism is possible аftеr the Tibetan Independence.
слl,бff5,ч,еr'i51 As а Tibetan it is not good to rеmаiп
indifferent towards the Tibetan cause. g f{'Iýý'l'а'ý'Ч{I Lit.: the moon rising among the
sTars/ Sense impПed: the mооп outshines the оthеr stars/

l е s, gý,
ц,,l п h,,ч к, п,*t,чпl,к, et, This is used to show someone is match_less. ý(ý'gýчэ'
g\9а ý'
{,' S,!' С{ ý N' Ц
\i I
u п пr а п а ge а Ь l
ýN,

аЦ'] Do not touch ап uпmапаgеаЬlе work. gп,ч,{q,ч,ааrк,s1!,шГl,ý,ýr,к,l,а,, 5a{,E,q,f,{,5ýý.q.a.ý.

Ау
ýqý'ql Shakya Thupba was the best tеасhеr just like mооп
аmоп8 the stаrs.
gч,lВl,ыF<N,чВч Lit.: to Ыt and jump at опе time/
Sense implied: not to have а secon,d thought Ц'5,чк,пdq,ý. g'(q'eý'qý(K''I Lit.: опе who follows wealth and gifts/
,Х<,п
к,пк аr,ýlgкl,сlЗq,гr }-<к,ltq,5{к,ч,& q1
{q,*,зч, ý",{1,ft Sense implied: чеrу grееdу/ Ц.
Fоr the l-ndependence of Tibet, по Tibetan should have а Q'<ч'ЕК'аЗ<N'Еl'Э5'q'g
ч{чк,ч<,,ц<,}-п'!'ш't11 If you just follow wealth, you will
second thought.
get nothing except wealth.

ýý!
N,rJ. l ф, R ar
1 рudы/ f at and shorУstout к1<,прq,gкlк,к,Rщ,
g'Б'etф-ýýt to рrосurе necessities/ collections required fоr
iч']'ýк'Q'бft'аýдl The pudgy dancer is not beautiful.
ртоlЙt 5{q,к,пQ<к,qа,qа,аrýцп,},Еltr<,аl,ft,qiк,5ф1 l
need two реrsопs for the рrосuЙmепt of necessities for the
gО'f*'аЦ'i11 to have support оr not qlý,,{1о{,dч,61,il,sо, construction of а monastery.

72 7з
q,а,,Б5,qý,чYq,Rl Lit.: hoping to Ье alive though the
intestines аrе torn/ Sense impПed: hope to the last i-5'<<'
ýdтO{тýqеt,Бl,q,щ(,чVq,а,3тlф,о,&ql Even when
someone is пеаriпg death, he should have hope for Tibetan
Independence.
пg,аf{<,аý Lit.: to 8о Ьу hundreds and thousands/
sense implied: а sign to show mапу to and fro travellers
g,d5,!,п<,аr,аýоJ,кl,ýý,t.{ý-,{<.аýlаГl.к.r51 There аrе
hundreds and thousands of trачеllегs between Tibet and
China.

g0ч'аi,к1 without causes and conditions q R5,5<,$q,frl,чк, ýý' Б'ý hundred реrсепt[<'\.сlк<.аgх,.].пg.а.пg.лаr.ч.
ý'Я6.t'<l t
Ук'lЗq'g<'5<'П'i1l No рhепоmепоп arises without causes п\q'П't11 His news is huпdrеd реrсепt true.
and conditiБ'ns.

ýg'Е('qк'ý{ЧЧ i<'1<'qк'пlык1 Lit.:to pick out and

qч 'к'liп'пý<'| Lit.: beating indiscriminate|y/ Sense
impПed: .equal treatment (with rеsресt to punishment)
without judging what is right оr wrопg ýВч'5зlе''чq('
пr,gп1ч,Фп,ýý(,ч1(,q,щqбш,i51 It is not good to beat
iпdiЁсrimiпаtеlу without investigation.
ff.'oý*'E'5'i'otl Lit.: Опе who steals an е88 will steal а
hen too/ There is а Tibetan way of saying that to steal
ап е88 is а sign one will become а thief when one
becomes an adult. (Just to express this we use this
proverb.)
ff<*,q,оЫчýl lit : ап еgg suppports (lifts) а horse/ Sense
implied: the strength of honesty оr justice/ ап ехаmрlе
of justice
ýg'plВЧ'Чtrl] Lit.: а hundred mouths очеr-роwеrеd Ьу
one/ Sense implied: minority rtrle/ minority in роwеr
select frБm among hundreds апd thousands/ sense
impНed: best selected candidates
ýg'Кч'Т('ýý Lit.: hundreds and thousands/ Sense implied:
mапу/iпlаrgепumЬеrg'&к'i-1,&,{ч.зп,l.шк.б5еrт,.1&'1.п5<.
K,l]1 The Chinese Klled thousands of Tibetans.
ýý'ýчl'Т('ýч1l Lit.: to say hundreds and thousands/
Sense implied: beating аrоuпd the bush нк.lulq.бш.ý5.Е.
пg,пq5.}-<.п.qlýlчк.кl.Еlк.1<,rл<.fr11 If опе does not
work sincerely it is of по use in beating аrоuпd the bush.
пSч'qr'lYq1 t-it., irritating to the еаrl Sense implied: not
listening to
чý(,\,ýт]q..r,.ýffý.q{.ч5Е.Зi.q.Oq.п.аq.Т
dflllThere is а great danger if one (does not listen to the
government's оrdеr) takes governmenYs оrdеr irritating to the
е:г.

74
75
 r.\
S.q'<!'tЦ'ýf;,:JJ to unite the evil peTsons <q,к,5'пýо.l,q,пз<,бп],
ft'býlK1 If evil реrsопs unite there is no реасе fоr good
people.

<'q{F'lfrI Lit.: I will gol Не will gol Sense impПed: to

(E,кl\,rýý(,l to flatter evil реrsопs (q'кl\'rýц<'3тпi'аЕq'
i| ч|

8.'ч'ёq'дЧý'Ч3Ч'\1Т Опе of the most

q g
q{'Еqi' У \У €\ \
ш'& 1,E,"rý, п1Зl,ýý, (, serious
have а rush of volunteers {q'
shortcomings of ап administration is to flatter evil persons
Эx.,qк,1<,д<к,ш<,ббf<'\'df51 In the past there used to Ье
mапу volunteers for worý saying that I will do; he will do.
(q'(.ч}q'l(Ч evil persons Ьесоmiпg чеrу strong оr
рrоuй This is used when there is disorder in а society
(, ga,,F(ý,ý1 к1 prorrd and arrogant <,gaгPrK'ý1*'Bl'1'afq' where the evil persons become very strong.
51Ъ-П'!'Ш't5t One саппоt gain knowledge with pride and
arTo8ance. (q,к.d\,ц,ýб5,1l чз<,б{п,ft,ý1 If evil persons аrе not
defeated, the good people cannot feel happiness.
('ýoJ'q,fl('I аrrо8апсе, hatred and anger <,gагQ,ц<,ý5,чк,

{q'&'аgП1 One cannot sеrче ones рurроsе with hatred, <q,к,сr,(ý,б| indulged in bad habiYbad habit д<,lч,аý<,
arTogance and anger.
g{,(л,кl,о.t(N,.!-<,аl,атl,к,кlq<,lфl one should not indulge in
Йе bad habit of drinНng alcohol
(('ýq'а('Ц I
tolerant people/ quiet peoplg Ё-5,fr'qБ,к,8,,q**, ]

ч,

(('Q{ПЗ<'{6Гl'К'i11 In gепеrаl Tibetans аrе quiet people (q,кlý,{(,ýT11 п,ч",ffоYiJ Lit.: Evil persons ргаisе
themselve as crows praise their feathers./ This рrочеrЬ
(('qq'ý('з('t short tempered ((,qЕ,з(,з(,3r,q,{q,аq,оýý,зо, is used to appraise for self-praise

!,o,ilt опе cannot accomplish grеаt things with а short

tempered mentality. <q'ýv{ЧЧ to appraise one's own evil deeds ft,gо],sqqо*,

!к,<1,5к,аrrl$фс.,\,i51 Evil people will appraise their

(('gl'ýз('{i gооа паfurе gff<<,qЕ,па<,бqеrк,&5,ага{,бQ, evil deeds.

ýý[dr('I Good natured girls аrе чеry attractive.

(1,5N,1,1T Lit.: nine various evil deeds/Sense implied:

,7,|

76
 exploitations оr atrocities deeds g,&к,Ц.1,чч,(Е,ýý,fl,lТ
П"5<'П'i11 Chinese exploited Tibetans in various evil deeds.
(Е' фЕ'(Е,а Е.фI (E,oJE,(
E,{qI tit for tat fёi(,\,lr,l ý,aq,q(,o,,,
(q'о.,,q,(Е,аЕ.ш,$,пдп,5,сlg<к,6Г5,ч,аr,l11 Tit for tat
instruction is not said in the thought transformation texts.
(q'dJЕ'ýд('.{(фI opposite of tit fоr taУ to rерау the ечil
with Hndness <q,аrq,пз<,\к,аrч,1{-к,",t,ý'$,\,qаrк,Qq,
(Ц'ý'Т('З5'[ attempt becoming useless пкеr,ýlшl,бе,,ý5R,q,
<"r,п,{<,аl,trа{'ý5,к,111 If опе does not think рrореrlу,
thеrе is а possibiliý that one's attempt might become useless.
ýаЦ'5'аýlJ а сrу in lamentation/crying desperately for
help 51a,<q,,.1Kl,ýý,ýoi-r,Ч1,зr,KK,З,arKq1 Whatis the
use of crying desperately fоr help when опе is in саlаmiф?
{{-m'ýr'ar<K1 uprising/ demonstrations against

q('ý'flý(ý'ai'1'<l'a5] То rерау the evil with Kndness is said somebody/rebeПion ý'5'grrrрп,!к,{{-аl,ýr,аr<к,i<к,S,l,ч,

in the practice of thought trапsfоrmаtiоп.
15'аrqFоJ'O'qýч The 35th national uprising of Tibet falls
this уеаr.
.q'Rыч'ýl'ýб(ýI to have always evil thoughYalways
harbouring bad thclught <q'&rrч'ql'аа<.ýlq.r<.\.п&-5. {51 а'
a.l' Ф
|J
sycophancy/ flattery <,{51a,ým,",r5,ýl,пr51,".r,
f
qак,<<,\к,з5'аf\'а51 If опе always hаrЬоur bad thought 5qа'бfr51 I don't like those who flatter.
one's fоrtuпе will diminish naturally.
{Bq'{6<,1 nepotism/favouritism,l(il,ft (,\,а,Fqк,d<,пт,,F
(('(Ы'týIý'tЧý] паturаl ur8е/ involuntarily/ В1,{6<,ý5,шlпl,еl<'бrjf5'i51 In every society of the world,
automatically/spontaneously ('\('rqt,ýýп,ýl<q,п,qаrк,<<, there аrе people who indulge in nepotism.

<п,.gqк,}к'ý,tl,аil Bad thoughts spontaneously агisе in us,

{1$r'el1 ftq'шh'ы1Lit.: wrinkled face and tearful eyes/
({'ýlý'аЕ'Ч Sense implied: ап indication of suffering and
r"П of апgеr and spiriVangry and forceful
unhappiness qQк'gк,Ц-l,ft,ш<,В,п,Fl}r,ы,1<,frq,пВ,пк,

(ф'Ц'Е5'ýý1I nreeting the challenge of hardship with Р<К'аýý Most of the Tibetan faces in Tibet аrе full of tears
and wrinkles.
courage/willingly bearing hardship, Sп'ý-< чq(,ýN,(о.t'ý,
{'бiýr'fr iJ inseparable nature q<,\,д,11,1q,&,5ш,(,б5ýr,а5,ý
Еl'trпк5'1''1а'r.lк'пfq'5{-к1 One should put еffоrt to meet
the hardship with соurаgе at the time of learning.

78 19
 ПQЕ1 Опе should cultivate the inseparable nature of one's аХш,
1{к'Y1' к j q' а Xo.1 1 s е е king truth f rom f acts 1{к,Yl,п\1,
Lama and the deity.
with the
ý,ý 1,5к,ч,пЧ1,5",чq",6ч,d<,а,пlка.t,Т.Qк,gп,$,а|!
{t,5,$<ч| embaTrassment gE,el,a{E,ý5,5{K,g<,q,{d,F,8.*, policy*of seeКng truth frоm facts, one can uпdеrstапd the
whole issue.
аЧ'\'ill If the need arises to point out the lie, it would Ье
very embarassing. vv\v
1{к'аlб<'пiq'{ч"l seeing the facts/understanding the

{t'ýоrfi1| lack of embarrassment and shame rх,fiш,п5,!, truthý5,х,<,i-5,н,Qпк,lЁ-1,},qlк,{к,l{к,еrЕ'<,п]ч,fi к,df,<,

q ý\/ ý
R,qшK,o.1,ý,ýqK,!,q<,trK'a'i11 Тhеrе is no place in а society \'irt You will see and understand the truе condition of
Tibet if you рау а visit to Tibet.
for those people who lack embarassment and shame.

,rлq,б
к, 5(,ý] ý 1 rе allyl tru_ly ф'ч,5{к,тllк,5<,тlЕк,ft
{*'ýш'lg(d('1'<ll to have а sense of embarrassment and 1{к'п1 1 Е

,hu-" {н'ý".r'тlq<'6Г5,к,qаrк,аl'сrl'rпк,Эr1 Hewhohas а чЗч'ill Не is really а good реrsоп.

sense of еmьагrаssmепt and shame is called decent.

1{к' ЙГ1'
1ы l actual experience/practical ехреriепсе ý5'
к' У<'
rt' Rq Ц shy/not open ýп,$,fl l<,trK,{t,fl q,бчq.,ч,6i5,
ш,t 51 r<,\,пlа,fаr,d<,ш,5{к,й1,1пк,{<,5<,аrý1,&'qýq All your
One should not feel shy at the time of study. talk accords the actual the ехреriепсе.

tsd,5еlа,аQпк1 to defame and humiПate 1qq,"l,(Я,5ara, 1{к'аГl'пllý'6ф1 the actual situatiorV the real picture 1{к'
аiпк'ш'ý51 Do not defame and humiliate others. riГ5,аlк,пqш,п,\,F<'Fк'рк'аq'ýl'gп'!'аr'l11 We cannot аgrее
those that аrе beyond actual situation.

1{к'пql'ý'Rо]*l either directly оr indirectly п]ý{,ш,5{к,

1iк,gпlк,пgi,ý]ýе!] Ьу all means
<K,ýl,r<,*1,1{Kxc,пQ1,
пg5,t,iqк,$,ffqк,кq,к,пцп'5fiкr Опе shoцld help others
еiЙеr directly оr iпdirесф. 1gаr,ý,Тq1к,{1к,ч,ý1!,&11 l will help you Ьу all means.

iiK'5ёsT' 1 чеrу clearly ý'<,o.r,5{K, 5{к, iq,iq,пq5,q,,х r,

Qq' Qq
ы{q'1 Kari1'{l rr".y conspicous 1кr,пh,аlк,1,\,Fп{l,qкаг
j'{\'ft'aýý Не does not understand even when told very
fi'{Kr'ý5'R'ý('l It is not suitable to реrfоrm the secret work
сlеаrlу.
very conspicously.

80 81
 аеrfi,ф,пfr-х,1 а mаrсh оr demonstration П-5.&.Fк.Фgх' fl
х,' al'ýý'{*1 r.,p."cedented lavishness ц<'аl,gк,ý-кt,,хý,
пlgапgft.;,к.rq.ýq.кп.Yq.ф.п{<,.ýlк.r51 Every qlK'g'п'i5'qK'ftq1 The unprecedented lavishness is not at
уе;rr оп
10th March, Tibetans stage demonstrations. all а good sign.

Ц'iк'пr,lgаl1 Lit.: before, after and in betweerr/ Sense {Q.'i*' I completely blue K,6h,}-1,
"r,{Q
<,i к,], ar Fý ý-т,gч, r
implied: throughout the process t51 Ttre shimmering blueness on the mар is Коkопоr lake.
ý<.it.аеlý.ýа5.а.ц.аý.
ý{,flýаl'ТЧш,8,п,&q1 Compassion is important throughout
the process of bodhicitta. {ffп3r'пl to Ье disgTaceful а<,аg<,q,fffqз{,&-(,I If опе
drinks wine, опе might display one's disgrace.

Е,ý.qý,}ý,ýýtJI to look back and think for the future ai; v\c}
ýtчý'пqх,,q(q,ýз(,I to check and arrest ýо{,ýq,,1(,ý,ч\,N,
Ф(.ýý.ё.ý.ёý.$.пкш.Q.5пl.Qк.!.аr.r51 At tender а8е, опе
аrdшк,ц,ч{lк,п.Qr,аЕq,пз<,аr<,бý5,},аtrч Мапу checks
cannot look back and think fоr the futurе
апd arrests аrе made at the Indo-Nepal Ьоrdеr.

Ц'r_а'Ц чеrу early 5аllft.Fфк.ч.ц.бц.баr<ч.5ф.t11

Soldiers have to get up еаrlу in the mоrпiпg. {q,o{T preventive measure qч'}к'ш'q<'{.'q"'{q'Оi'Ч'3i
lфl One should apply а preventive mеаsurе Ьеfоrе опе
meets misforfune.
ц,оJ(ý,,ýý'!Цt Lit.: to rise up early in the mоrпiпg and to
go to bed late at nighУ Sense impПed: to Ье чеrу hard
working ft,Ф,аfsq.fк.qц.сц(.ц.сдt(к.!к.9ч.ý5.Э.о.rlт Lazy {q'"Ф'.'$q1 prerequisites ы,i<,ы,аf{'<,q",{q,оФ,д,Эл,rl<,
people will печеr get up еаrlу in the morning and go to bed бýЧ Х.'iф] Мапу prerequisites have to Ье fulfilled before
late at night. going to U.S.A.

fl,{ýý,I,{ýч past and рrеsепt events/old and mоdеrп

{q l.,Ц at first {q,5.,{.,",ВЕ,ц,&1l I went first.
account <ft'fr-lк,бо.т,Ё.\ýN.5.\ýк.ш<.бп.q5.Q.trr.rrt му
,t<,п,{1il,Ес,пQq,rлqббГl,п,п,
friend has mапу old and mоdеrп accounts to паrrаtе. {Е'о'Е.'оQ{'1 as before ]<,K<,ft
i51 Тоаау people аrе not as good as they were before.

fl{'ý*'gq'а,Е.Чýl continuing the old tradition ц<.{ш.пз<.

dql'ааЧК'ý'ЧЕý'g{'5Чq'ТЙlt I аm happy fоr continuing {q,fr 5,1Kr,ý
tЕ
] invention {q,fr 5,1к r,пýЕ,ýý,{,lЕ,аý",8 ",
the good old tradition. aq'rQl'i51 An invention is а great contribution.

82 8з
 r-\
mind Flк,а tri,Е<,я,ts,5тч(,ýЕ,d(,Бl,чý(,Е,6tr5,ц,
a,l 11 one
should not teli whatever comes to mind in*the meeting.

ts' а {к' Гш,,l {ч cas uаl tally'cНt chat З, afr-K, Гo.1, а {к,Yт1 ч, trK,
В'FШП'fr<'1 clamouT/ too much talV gossip Хlк,аtrr,s,Fаr<,б Fl,аr<,Fп5<'Е'Фl'Т5'r1I If опе spends mоrе time in casual
tt'ЧЕ('I Do not gossip too mчсh in the meeting. talk, it is а waste of time.

s'Э<'51Э<'| а gTeat nuisance ft,а\к,s,Э<,1gЭ<,пЕ\,аtrч ts,з,1{".l,а51 В,3i,о\,3i,frl,ч В,пкы,а\,пýе,,frI,(I in

This mап makes а 8геаt пuisапсе. dilemma/ not knowing what to do пехV Yg{,ýaT<E,ý(,

.}.ri1 gibberish i,а\.*1.1qч.{щ.в,Q.F&.ш.чYчк.qqi.Q.&.аtrч Е,З,5,qfч,а5,((,ýý,а't5l If misfortunes соmе all of а

s.fr sudden, опе will Ье in а state of dilemma.
This mап has nothing to say except gibberish.

ts'ы(5'сiпlк'оYa'] to consider good whatever sоmеопе

В,Эr,р,lq1 В,Эr,пlа,пýпJ Lit.: listening to whatever опе doeY This рrочеrЬ shows how to relate, especially а
says/ Sense implied: чеrу obedient цчý,ý,П1!,11аrк,<п1, tantric disciple, to а spiritual master.

q<.о.l.В.Эх..пlа.пцп.!.пq.<ч.*,.qЕ.5q.чýс*.dr5l In the
instruction of hýhest Тапtrа, the instruction of listening to Чýq'lЗl'Ч'ф'(N'ryq{l Lit.: Пkе wild beast pouncing on
whatever one (Lama) says is emphasised.
mеаV Sense implied: чеrу gTeedy б,ý{ттчý1чзqq.т
(а,,ц,.{\,gчý'Е'fr5I Опе should not ruп after wealth just as
ts'{1к't'trк| to do one's best <i,ý-qк,{к,к,"r,З,fiк,З,trк,!, I
а wild ЬЙst рЁuпсiпg оп meat.
{1K,K,qq<,g('l Му friend did his best to help mе. l

оItsч,эa,о'ýý,(I Lit.: leaving not even one/ Sense implied:

З'gп'п1<'gпl ts'rч'чк'sч as muсh as опе can do/as best all ]п,lЗ1'3<'а'.gк'н'flф1 О"" should buy all the books
as опе сап [<,\к,З,gп,т1<,gп,ýтD,оýч, leaving попе.
\,аlк,.ql,к,ý-<,оJ,чq,
,лq,35,g,6Г5,ч'аr'i11 Не does his best. Не cannot do mоrе
than this. ЧВЧ'8"'ч1"'8"l to give biTth one after апоthеr цh,ý,пt,о.l,

му motherhad her
ý,(
в,ýЕ,ч(,5Е| whatever опе rеmеmЬеrs/ whatever comes to
ý ýчВч,ýк,чЭ",8",ý.,а,i.,".,ý,тl,аГ11
five children опе afte-r another.
]

85
чtsч't'чý"'F11 killing two birds with опе stoneДeing аЬlе
1\'е1'1tsтýч to trust one another 1Зq&l1Зq,ач,}
to реrfоrm two works at а time Ьу опе реrsоп.
i-Ч"'Ц trust worthy friend 1Зq&l1Зl,ак,}{1vr5Тq,F
ilt Trust worthy friends аrе very r:rrе.
1\пýl'ч}к'Пýil through one after another к<к,gк,пYш,
qq,аlý,qý,чtsqпql,чЭк,пQ1ýкýýш",пýl,tоRr'ý{t'тп<'5 с\ с\
чilч,фq,чlý,ýч Lit.: to hit back two fоr опе Ьlоw/ Sense
ЧЕý'6i'5l Frоm Buddha Shakyamuni onward the transmission implied : disobefi ent qq'r п к'ч,тlВч,щq,чýц,fr-ч,ý1l,rх1,{а,
of bodhicitta has continued through опе to the next.
rlt It is not good to hit back (talk) the elders.

чtsч'.,ъч,чЭ*,оз5l Lit.: one following the other/ Sense

пltsтl'Qк'ý'{-о.l1 to know ull Ьу knowing one д,аrh,шq,(ч,оl,
impПed : continuation ý-5, &,q ш к,чtч,о gч,чЭк,аr g1,5K,!,g,
оВq,q,чtsоЁк,ýЕ,ý-ч'Й<'\'R11 Опе will know everythingby
Ч{'ý'qУ{1 Tibetans came to India continuously опе after rеlуiпg uроп the instruction of one's mаstеr.
another.

gathering one Ьу опе ф,trаg"l,к,lЗq 1Зк'аЕq'п51'{5l to uphold and рrеsеrче r<,\,11,&q<<,

1Зl'аtrк'пl}к'аlк1
atrK,TliK,atrK,5K,qK,ft,XlK,Aq,бaT1atrч А big crowd is \к,lЗк,аЕ1qiq{r,ýтl{-vч,&Е1 Опе should uphold and
preserve one's own language.
fогmеd at the market having gathered travellers опе Ьу опе.
i

ПgК'iШ'd'Цj naughty persons ft,пgк,iеrd,бш,gк,9<,1ry,{

1Зl'K'q\'$R'J absolutely same/ very identical <'&'5ftlK' {

l ýl'Э'o'irl
ti
No опе will like naughty реrsопs.
цк,qык,ltq,ч'qЗq,g<'týJ Оur objectives are absolutely the
Sаrпе.
t
( ПYК'&q'ýк'i1 g".rrrl.,. compassion чýтO,gч,пач,о.l,ý<,i,пfк,

1Зl'аq'lЗч'{чцl helping one another/ mutual help a{ar,

j
frТý'lфl One should generate genuine compassion fоr
others' suffering.
fr .,\,ý*,ро,кq,фЕ,qtqкq,чtq{чк,ý1,1{'",iil Nations of 1

the world should help опе another"

il

{
l 1tsqýК'У'{-Ш1 to know all Ьу knowing опе д,шh,аrЕ,(ч,оl,
ЧýЧ'frq'ч}*'frq] always saying по п1trK,&q,la<,1tqfrq,qiK,
l
tt Опе will know everything Ьу
ftq,Эr,q,счq'б&'аtrý It is not good to give always negative "Вq,q,чtтqý,тq,{q,,dr(,\,R1l
l knowing one relies upon the instruction of one's master.
l,
resPonSe.

86 87
 rф
qЗк'аЕq,пi1,{il to uphold and preserve r<,\,15,&qч<,

\ч,lЗк,аЕ1ýfl,Ц-1З11{-vт&q1 one should uphold and

рrеsеrче one's own language.

a<'Q'6<'R'| Lit.: small things/ Sense implied:

пgк,Rш,d,{1 naughty persons ft,пgч,iеrd,{ш,gк,g<,11а,б
insignificant/less important 1qк'{ч'ь<'Q,6<,i,ч,trк,Fl,аr<,
ýý,п,tl,{ýl No one will like naughty persons.
v lv ll
бчТ<'g'r;r5'al'i51 Опе should not spend mоrе time crn
insignЙcant mаttегs.
кYк'ft q'ý<'it genuine compassion пIчтO,gч,пао.l,еr,fl <,Е,пYк,
aq,8,1фl опе should generate genuine coщpassion for ыаЕl'аQr,п1 reПable E iý r.1" !,q<,Е,а,аЕl,ааr,пi,ft,Qq
others' suffering.
r1l Не is а reliable person in society.

,6<,
а'а{1' &
5'
Вк1 to rесо gnize and trust П-5,пlq<,аr,Ё-5,ft er ц,

a''lЕ1'&5'Bц'ýl'o'rtl All Tibetans recognize and trust the

Tibetan government.

Б'е'ýЕ'ýýlý'ыз1I according to custom and tradition ý'Flк'

Э,lt,tr.,оgq,ýlN,а,ýЕ,чq(,q,ý]аrаЕ'Тi5I It is important to
live according to the society's custom and tradition.

ь'ftl'rл'ýl wrong pair gП']'а'ftq'rХ'бt51 The shoes аrе

wrопglу paired.

b,ci,tsri1 carelessly/ messily т,<,\,чк,l,а,а,Fа,ý5,q,gý,с{ýý,

пз<'ббf<'ý'аr'i11 Опе will not achieve good result if one is
careless in one's wоrk

*ч,ffý.,q,оi- ýl,q<,ч,ыаа1 Lit.: problems hit the

88 89
 (responsible) heads and famine hits the рооr/ Sense Бý,Бý,ýtrlýý]| Jack of all trades, and master of none (ý'
implied: Whenever there is рrоЬlепr, the head is hit and ап,Гп,пFпgri",З,&-rl I аm jack of all trades, апd mаstеr of
he is iп trouble but whereas whenever there is famine, none.
the рооr and down trodden аrе hit and caught up.

ап,ýl,а к,пff ч1 political development ап,ýl,абтlк,п{1,

Щ' ts1' }-1 delicate/ f rа gite/ easily ЬrеаkаЬlе 51 r,6tаr ь qFq уа*ý
{п1

wl,бlЗq8Г<,п,оr,цч,&,fr.Qк,е'q,1{-к,ц,&ЕIСitizепsshоuld
F1']'a5'ar'fi Do not buy easily breakable cups. Ье well educated to have good political development in а
country.

Бч,ý(,1ч,ýк.'l hodge-podge/ а mess/ whatever опе desires

Бы'<l{'г{q'щ('(^''е'{'чfit Lit.: though it helps cold, it harms
ýп,тfr,q.,*,Бч,ý(,1ч,ý(,ý1Щ,\ш,r51 One cannot do
the sinus/ Sense impПed: although it helps this, it harms
whatever опе desires in а school.
that,
_

(,У1 i к1 Бч
Бý] N,
fl
к,
{(,51 *,ч., ] partiaПty/ bias { чп к,
N,
6{'ц'ý{чы,1<,ý,ы'fr'{ч*1 Lit.: rаiп is а friend of water
а,\,Пý,аqк,ц<,{qк,iк,sq,$,ft,Qч,i11 Мr.Jоhп Dove is and the sun is а friend of firel Sense implied: to help
partial and prejudiced,
опеапоthеrýq,аý,rr,5<,t-.,Эi,чЭ",.r,к,6,{qк,5<,ý,аr,fr ,{qк,
,Хr,r<,\, }'6ч'tr'тlЕк'ч'rt1 Тhеrе is а hаrmопу in the philosophy of
Бý] N' ý' ýqq'к' i5'ч 1 honreless/ destitute g,&к,б5,ft
dependent arising and empfiness just as rаiп helps water and
ý(,rl\,Бýý,к,пQq,к,fr5,пr,пYк,к,R5| The Chinese made the sun helps firе.
Tibetans homeless and destitute in their own country.

Вl,пýагý,ý*,о I the power of unity gч,рп,!,а{{ý,ýёq,ý,о.,ý,

aa'iql payment for the drink/ Sense impПed: tip at the end
1,qшк,Вl,пýн,ý,lкт,ч,ш,пýq,qк,пцп,gп,к,&qt The
о fа Ь usine s s E-q' ar а q,}-п, g r, а <, i q,
{<, п g, я а, к,.!-х,, {<, 1 l ь а а development of nation is possible Йrоugh the роwеr of
to give Rs.100.00 as а tip in* order to get the permission. uniý.

ýr/
Б('аJЕ'ýс{Е.Ф| Lit.: giving water in return fоr wine/ Sense ^/
ФiЦПlЦ'ЕК'а'{'аl'iЕl Lit.: churning water produces по
implied: to rерау Kndness with ill treatment Б('О,'l'ý butter/ Sense implied: useless attempYfutile effort

&к,аеч,q,ft,фк,<1,чff,qчN't1I То rерау Hndness with ill-

treatment is а sign of bad паturе. Ф'il{Ч(ý'Ф'зчI Lit.: the source of water lies in the snod

90 91
 Sense implied: reliable source/ rеliаЬlе origin ýаtý1ч(N, Sense impПed: loose disciplines do not wоrk
The sоurсе of
"l,gк1к,q<,пQq,Гк,},g<к,],к<к,gк,ч,ýd]'ц,&ql
Dharma is in Buddha just as the sоurсе of water is in the ý?'Ч{'qЕ|J Lit.: wherever the start of water leadY Sense
Snow. implied: sloppy/ one who is easily misled Ьу otherY to
Пsten to others реrsоп without investigations gl'бý{
flowing under опе
ýýý'зе''ý1В1 t-it., one hundred stTeams ý\'QRII А stupid who is easily influenced Ьу оthеrs.
Йriаgе/ Sense implied: to Ье uпdеr the control of а single
authoriý.
Ф,6,,ýi,q,1,&,oil 5{q,&,пý,q,ldi'п1il,п\t Lit.: if the water
is disturbed, the fish аrе also disturbed and if the mаstеr
Lit.: an ocean/ а collection of water
-
бQlк'пчпlк'к&'g'аlХl is in trouble, the servants аrе also in trouble
drops/ Sense implied: а collection of small things make
а big thing 1\,п,lа1,6<,&1,1,щ(,fl(,Ф<,ý,fr,ý,,1 6,iк1пк1v 1/<
аl'LЦ('ý]('qý''{ý]ýI Lit.: to build dams before the flood
Ф
чfi
,1;i,а1,},еr,qt1пY1,5аrч,g,Вlб1&-1,gп,!,R11 Bven
,g,el
fi comes/ Sense impПed: precautionary measurgg &q1dl'a''
the virtue is of small type опе should not ignore it as it was
said in the saying that а collection of water makes the осеап, df,*,i-., q
",
fr-o, ý.,
л ч,бч q., l ф l 1
Q ч, q, q, er, бi'<, q ý, \ ч N, ý ý, (,,

Е<'ПQý'R1I Опе should study рrореrlу before the

when the water is
6,Yq,:ы,пQ11 Lit.: to forget the bridge examination just as а dam is built Ьеfоrч: the flood.

crosseФ Sense implied: to forget оthеr's Kndness 6'tr'E,

qк,зеl,к,пil,ц,1(,ýqq,чqq,ý,пlа,ýq,пЕl,g,аГ5,к,а,i11 опе ýаtЕ'iБ('r{еЦJ Lit.: to give wine in rеturп for water/ Sense
implied: to rеturп kindness ечеп for а small thing
should not forget others' Kndness just аЙпе gets the Ьridgе
after crossing the riчеr.

Ф'frq'ýо'Y<'| Lit.: went to get water but rеturпеd with the

ýl(ý'l'ý]ýoJl Lit.: to see fish in the сlеап water/ Sense empty vesseY Sense implied: unsuccessful attempVfailure

implied: чеrу сlеаr/ по need to ask оr to doubt. ýl(N' ýп,T.,o 1.,q",ffо,ý.,*ч,бо,оlЕ.,Е,Ф,фq,ýо,Y.,Е.,п Q 1аlк,!,
шh,q<,аг1,кlкч,п,1<,пQ q,ý<,\,оло,ýо,qп K,.Q 1,х,qкч,ба5п1 ril Having been sent to school, if one does not study
His speches аrе very сlеаr just as one sees fish in the water рrореrlу it would resemble returning with а empty vessel.
clearly.

Ф('ýбý'а{'flЧ опе who insults рооr and down trodderV

Lit.: tepid water cannot cook mеаV Sense implied: evil and timid.
бfi'ааы,ýк'q,ft'аfк|

92 9з
--

Ф('.{Rý'5e'ý'Ktt Lit.: а childhood friend, Ье it а Ьоу оr фV

Fк,пql,аl'fr1l various religious traditions Гк,пqlаýft1'

Sense implied childhood

: lover qп1' Ф('
q
ý ý' 5 at ý'<l' щ (' я-.,А-",ý.,чq(,g,чоl,аq,{i51 lt is important to study various
tr' religious traditiЪns.
tN('ýl'ý'qýý] I always rеmеmЬеr my childhood lочеr.

FК' q 1 religious nation ý] qa,ýN,g,ý]l,!,ГK,Eq,g Jпп,

g ar Jпп o,1,
1'
8'6K'erdaK'{i а suitable size 1п<,к,а\,&,qýк,ш,В,6<,аrdаrк,б txq'{'ý1'{rl In the past India was а very good spiritual
чq \

ОýЧ This house is of а suitable size for two people. nation.

В'Яl'Г11 епоrmоus/ too big/ big enough 1п<,ч,а\,fr,lЗqч,А, tsц,лr,tsк,1(,I 1qý,{{,чqýl Lit.: to debate at the debate
gTound and to sing at the singing ечепV Sense implied:
Яq'Гl'аtrКl This house is big enough fоr опе реrsоп.
to Ье very mindful of what things should Ье done
8,оqч,Ф.,ýfl{I а,ýqý],Ф(,ý{цI to make а sma]l sacrifice whеrе and whеп
fоr big cйrse.
Fq!,Ц-1Гv
а-К' ý
1'1} к' f J spiritual and temporal u{-<,K, er
I
В,тý,ъt to grоw bigger and bigger gla'la'5aflк'ý-l'п'<l' ýтчЭ",Еq,ý,lsfi1,1о,о,Ql,i11 His Holiness the Dalai Lama
When the children grow bigger and bigger is the spiritual and temporal leader of Tibet.
ý(l'ýс{fi'qýI
they Ьесоmе impudent.
rl Б1' 11' Fа''ч ý6I I teaching, deb а te and composition,{Б т У1,
ХЧ'}-Ч readiness <'affFl'B-q'&EI l аm ready to go. Не is а scholar who is sКllfull in
f,ш,кlgаr,"r,а1.цN,q,пFý,ц'i11
teaching, debate and composition.
F1'.Q к' {ar al g 1 moderately content 5,ý,а,Ф(,1(,& Е,lа<,Ут;
,Qк'фн'аtgl'ч1('ýlо,''ат It is important to ье moderately аЁ"ыlы,lVq,ыlБ,I to Iive and die together ýlк,бýк,gп,Эх,,
contented with whаtечеr the wоrk might Ье, big or small. q,аЁ,ш 1ar,1{1,ar 1ш,gп,к,Qq'5{*1 Д trustworthy friend is опе
who can live and die together.
tsк'!'пп1а1к1 Lit.: predisposition of dharma/ Sense

impПed: spiTitual inclination 51'к,6Гl,к,!,В-ч,!,пк1аlк,6('5,

чR'q{]qгt51 То have faith is а sign of spiritual inclinations.

94 95
...-

а'Rl'е'ýч becoming worse and wоrsе [K'ыr'rq'KtrR'lý'11'

/-\ ф'R'<1t'gч'tr'Вч'(<l Ву taking alcohol, his illness has gone
from bad to wоrýе.

.,5.,5Ч,Еq,d,Е,lчоI Lit.: Теа апd teacher should Ье hot. l'Па<'R'frlý to became better and better fr-п,чr,61,1ý,ýý
Sense implied: It's is better if the tea is hot and а teacher
is strict. ]'R'па<'R'filк'gЕr'V<'1 Since the Ьоу got admission to the
school, he has ЬЙmе better and better.

e'aýq'a<'aýq1 Lit.: sеrчiпg tea and wine/ Sense implied:

еrRк'к,lrлп1,аrк,{ы,к1 Lit.: а neck thicker than а уаКУ
wаrm hospitality elý-l,бE<,tr пýпк,к,5<,а,аiЕ,а<,оiq,чq<, Sense implied: а чеrу proud and haughty person.
{Ч*'ЧЕa'l When guests аrriче home, please sеrче them tea
and wine. с{ (еrцFý,{ RII potit" and skillful deception 1абg'sq'ý'аааr'
ý,./ýý,
е'Qы'{шr'ý'чц'ýq'i]l Lit.: Теа tastes fine due to butter,i
еrрк'д'ýl'о.l'п{lп{х,'аr'ппк'к'ý1'1{кt опе should not ье
trаррЁd Ьу the sКllful ways of deceptive people.
Sense implied: something that is good due to other's
Kndness
.{Е.N,а(,а('I Pir, drop silencu {.,чRо,Fý"ý'аldq,*,ааы,i<,i<,

Е.'фЕ'ýq,Е.аll ЦЗ('бJЕ'RЕ'аЕ.е'I Lit.: giving water in rеfurп

dft,Rlt Тhеrе is pin drop silence at night in the villages.
for tea and treating ill in rеturп for the goodness one
has done/ungrateftrl ..lетЕl'Fq{! соmmоп sayings/ proverb,lеч,Еq,rп,g5,ýirЕ,
Тhеrе is а common saying that опе
"l,ft,цп1lп<'ч,11'Э<'п'&{t
R'ш'Ё'пQ11 exactly ru-" &ч,d5,еr,5а
5к,Ё,аr,R,пQq,ýl,ýý,Б,1!Е,
is not afraid of а lеаdеr, but of his роwеr.

l{q'rilt It is very rаrе to Ье able to сору exactly the sаmе

in the examination. qýl,fiI,I(,.| 6,,qýq,trý] If digested, it is а medicine, if not

it is а poison ак,\,аgq,пq,1<,аr'а51'1п1i1 If the food is

gK'frl'trK'fiJ to intervene оr iпtеrfеге qK,n5,gK,fi,ýN,q,l,T]q, digested, it is а medicine if not it is а poison.
<аl,ьп1\,t11 It will Ьесоmе а рrоЬlеm if someone interferes
in othe/s wоrkЛоКпg опе's nose in other/s business will arq'r{i'K1 чеrу efficient (at certain context it is used as
become а рrоЬlеm. sarcastic remark)

96 9,7
 rfl
QК'еГ|К'аl'[ after а long time/ later оп ф'<.\.кf,q.аýý.щ.ýс{ý.
q,iкl,а,Qк,еl,ilrýý,ц,а.Jý,чr,i,Fп'&,аtrпl If we take notice of
his diligence thеrе is по doubt oi his becoming а good
scholar later onL,/eventually.

QK,gK,QKK,{T"I doubt of lagging behind Bl....ý-o.$.*. 1'{(q<'ыK'R'Fll Lit.: а turnip cannot substifute а fish/
ýense implied: Х cannot Ье substifuted Ьу Y
iK,gK,iпK'ftK,ft,atrfl Тhеrе is по danger of lagging
behind at уоur studies.
1't('6{1a''ýýI Lit.: to mix furnip with fish/ Sense impПed:
indiscrimate/ in mess.
f КТ' g &' r<ý| rеj oicing/appreciation 5Ч.ý.о{.ак.g.&,r<к.ýl.к.

i,il,о,т{ч,кh,апк.5а.ч.&q1 Reioicing at the viгtues is the fifteenth, thiTtieth and the eighth of а
best means to еаrп merits. l,Y.,оgl,ччоl
lunar саlепdаr/ Tibetans consider these dates auspicious.

l,Y.,o g l,ч чп,ч, ш F5,ý5,a1,o я'.,о'ýr'Э'6С1l I сirсumаmЬulаtе

Е5,iч,lч heavy/ sluggish {т.Е".^\.Рl.iч.\оl,оýч This the stupa оп the fifteenth, thirtieth and eighth of а luпаr
luggage is heavy. calendar month.

к Q5,KK, сt' Й1 forgetfulness and laziness аf,1.11.ý.Fш.tli.q iк. 1,fl а5,ц,\о.l,кft,6аl1 Lit.: to tax hairless fish with matted
<к,1<,Ф,аflý| Forgetfulness and laziness аrе the thieves of -hаir/ Sense implied: hopeless expectation frоm someone.
knowIedge.

1'rdý[fl'('чýN] fish, роrk and е8g 1(,(,rý,л,{.,оgt,чýц,ц,1,

K{5'tr fr
5'к| inexpressible &1,t5tл<,1<.d.аГq.кr.пf1tr r<ý1ý-(,чýs,'{.'о'i5l Buddhists abstain frоm fish, роrk and
fr
5.кi.
5тlа,п,tr-п1 Не felt inexpressible joy for securing the first е88 оп the fifteenth, thirtieth and the eighth of every month
position in the examination. of lular саlепdаr.

1,пк1,1к,ý,аl,ýl,к,п]Т<,пl Lit.: killing fish to give to the

dogs/ Sense implied: to help someone Ьу harming
another 1,пкl,qк,ý,я,ýто,о1{.,о,Гк,!,1аrк,Фq,fr 11 Ktting а
fish in оrdеr to give food to dogs, is not а religious practice.

98
99
-т
и'Q"'{Чч Lit.: опе who listens carefully with }q,ltsl:к,lЩ опе meal а day ýý,}q,ltq,"l,aK,
understanding/ Sense implied: obedient оr sensible ý('чqý,f
1tl,ч к, Bl <,п,з,Е-1,\, al,i 11 When fasting, one cannot eat mоrе
реrsоп 1Q'q,чч,qq,к,"J,jЕqý,{qк.ýlq.ulqбаГl.аlt Itis than опе meal а day.
good that the youngers should listen to the elders.

}q,eldq,il,K1 Lit.: throughout day and nighV Sense

9е,,Ф(,6агf {t simple and disciplined 1а.6к.{ч..qq.$.&.ч.lЧ. implied: to do continuously Х<,кр qK,l1aгý{q,tr,ýq,s{tq,
пч
gN'ýql Ечеrуопе admired а реrsоп of disciplined and
il,KтHK,1,3i'Э'ari'ait Some businessmen work day and
simple паfurе.
night to еаrп money.

Т''ПЧ'gýЧ рооr and desperate condition 1еr'ЯПl.g.gýl.\.ft.

ýЕ'ffi'Цr'Ш! Lit.: day star/ Sense implied: чеrу rаrе a'al,
ч,lк,кх,,{1к,ч,ý5,1{к1 Не who is рооr and in desperate
пз<,ffа\,а5,цеагq,qq'ffi'qх,'аr'i51 It is very rаrе to meet such
condition must Ье helped.
а good lama.

YK'fr q' gýl

р.о."r, of practice 5\,пh,п.!к,тl}q,еrУq,lк,lаlк,
iq,ffi,fr,l.:ыdq,ffi,ýJ Lit.: mап at day and dog at nighУ
аq,${ч.,еl.ýlq.rц.lqч,{qк.qq<.1 Muy I request the
Sense implied: to keep watch очеr all things .h'В'qч'rl'
spiritual master to guide mе in the рrосеSs of mу practice. q <ý - 6ý ý
ýq,mi,аi,1<,а6lfrа'ý'Лq1 Му black dog is mап at day and
dog at night. <K,ffг,r<,ft,i<,ft,*<,aRý,}a,fr,fi,1<,цdq,fra,ý,
1с1''ý'5('q'бa'"l Lit.: when опе finds а place for rest, needs
mЬ"rе space to stretch out one's legs/ Sense implied:
ýý,lN,5lq'*lк'пgпк'ч'Сiq1 Fоr many years I worked hard
grееdу/ demanding mоrе and mоrе (iarcastic remark). as а mеmЬеr of the family during day and as а watch dog
during night.
€\ч
$,ш,п1<,аýа'I just to pass away the time "lо1,1ý,ш,с1<,об*,ý:.
}q'еldl'пф'fr11 regardless of day and night K,aгXK,<<,ý,g
1,аQlк,япк,i51 }ust to pass time with one's wоrk is not
acceptable, 61,п{к,i5,о.lк,l,ýlч,i51 parents workregardless
1a,{q ýЭто
of day and night for their children.

ý,ш,lВqш'аi'чtsч,\'т{,ýt Lit.: one day арреаrs as long as

one уеаrl Sense implied: to feel the day extremely }q'ыdq'lK,ýK] t-it., six times day and пighV Sense implied:
boringЛoneliness
always ч{-<,кшF1,\к,}q,шd1,1к,ýч,х,Ц-l,r<,ýdЕ,&,{Е,ýt

100 101
 чк,п!-q,$,dГ5.к.R51 His Holiness the Dalai Lama always
ЧDq'iЧ'Вq'q ýoI l marriage celebration ЁГqкт,цпк,-l,чiq,ýч,
works hard fоr the independance of Tibet.
ýq,аýч,rr<'бýl'о'r1l М*у mаrriаgе ceremonies are
conducted during New-Year festival.
}q'qЧvýЧvlЩ опе whole auy ýq,сlч,ýтlк,lВq.\.ф.ч.
аl1ш'.Q'ыlаr'чYql to live and die together/ to shаrе joy and
пý(,Е,5т]q,(ч,Еq,бш,i51 It is not difficult to observe
one
whole- day рrесерt. ýоrrоw together until death {1$,gтýq,рцvаlшQ,аrgа,

1Vq'ýlп'rlt In the past, some Kngs and ministers lead а

life of living and dying together.
E,Фai,ol without ill-health/ well, fine g.&!1ч.пý5.qý.т.q.
fil,кч,лllк,ЙlJ апсiепУчеrу old/ totally wоrп out <,#g,p<,ý<,
I аm fine due to the Hndness of god. В.'о'ý.'0.'|
о,В.,s.,чtsfl'ч'ýq'к'&q1 We went to а very old temple.
D,ъ,i,ъl becoming сlоsеr and closer i.. *....Fч}".i.тO.ъ.
{ч'F'q.'о'ч.'I full of disputes rл,шh,\ Е*,Ыч,6,ý.,о,оl.,
O{ý'm-il These days two of us аrе becoming closer and
пYк'{<'1 Bull shit ! Не created all these problems.
сlоsеr to each other.

ýl'ýЧý'а'ý'11I the banner of fame/ soaring reputation

}к,аl,р,lйГ1 to blame the innocent Чзý.чзý.ц.ýтq.чсqq. ч{-<,к,пF1,\,пd1qЕ,уlк,Э,",lq,Уч",яцý,€5,тýý! His
ý_к'еr'ýкр'сlаl-ч'ýl'Э.ат If опе is not саrеful, others will put Holiness the Dalai Lama's Ьаппеr of fame spreads in all
blame on опе. directions.

8ч",{х.,оgl,аql Lit.: to leave the dirts and derive the

}ч,fr5,}к,аýаl1 punisЫng the innocent Гк.,цq.gч.lпý.tr.щ(.
essence/ sense implied: avoid mistakes and to uphold
}к,П5,}к,а\".l,ýlч.df,51 Even in гeligious countries, опе finds essence q ц'5У1,615,5,8ч",S,"gi,,iЕ,о.l,прк,5{к,к,&q1 one
punishment of the innocent.
should avoid mistakes and uphold essence/ if опе is wise.

Чlq'Ч{Е'ýt'lбЧ oppression and exploitation ýк.чr.ýп. .,i,gЕ,R.,q,Е.,rп'gq,&,*5I Lit.: If the time for compassion
ý.ЦТfr rчо'1qэо'ч{1ý{чq-qа1бQогrlt It is а serious is \оо long thЙ the апgеr will never end./ Sense
exploitation and оррrеssiоп to deprive children of education. implied: Тhеrе should Ье limit for forgiveness also.

ч}i'о'l*'S'tý'lъ'оlryýч5l Lit.: to tell one,s dreams

ýq,ýq,d,d1 to fall ill often <fr,ы,ш,,rrqк'ýt'ýл,*,х,аа"гбi11
before опе sleeps/ Sense impПed: to Ье extremely - Йу mоthеr often gets sick.
imaginative

L02 10з
 rfl 15п''(ч'Q(''1В{l spreading bad rumоurs 15ц'(1,ак,аýr,вr,
ý.,Ф,q*,ý,о,<q,ч,а\,аfu'5ф1 Опе should stop this bad
ictivity Ьеfоrе the spread of bad rumourý.
Я'Я'&ч'&ч stone broke бqкr,trlпкЧот,3r,i,:5ч,d<,аl,

1ч,5ý1&ý,&qпYк'к'&Е1 I'm stone Ьrоkе frоm gambling ччш'{q'ч}*'fr1l to lose both wealth and fame ftq,la<,dK,
during the new уеаr. Havin g been defeated in
Ч-ч б'i'таrч5 ш {q'lýK'a 5'ý('{(]
the election, Мigmаr lost ЬЙ wealth and fame this уеаr.
lq'Чq'ýЧ'ЧЧ чеrу sure/careful sаr1чq,g515Еýlýqаr,п5к,
5'Rк'ш'{а1'р6Гч'\'R51 If the agTeement of lоап is not made чýа'а''qЦ'аql to keep and take mortgage d]q,s,q]q{,ý€(,
carefully, there will Ье controversies in the future. qlа,пr,аЕqQl,чЕ<,1{-ýl The keeping and taКng of
gо,Yт, {ы Пttle Ьу little б (,{ mortgages should Ье done in accordance to the аgrееmепL
Тч, 1 ч,5(,mrч,dаr fq,6еr,п ý.,i,e
",
gа<,!,r'ап1"'Э'rtl In thebeginning, alcohol is taken little Ьу ý5('r{Фýq1{5'аQ<'пt one who is efficient in many tasks
little and later on опе becomes ап alcoholic. <, fi ,5<,В,
Г1 i, п 5 <, aff п q 1, $, а Q r,
ar
,
п fr ft
,

Q
т1, r 5 1
оur
secretary is very efficient in all tasks.
Ч5q'ýýЧý'5Е'qýЕ1 реrmапепt resident monks чlN,6(,
ii-Ч'trЧПЧ'ОqЧý'5Ц'qýЕ,пggчv6f5J тhеrе аrе about ten ý5('ý5('ýýl'QЧ to boast of having done this оr that ý]'
реrmапепt resident monks at Nechung Monastery. r <,\,п 5<,п 1 (, з ч, ýч, ýч (,
ýý, з<, ft 1, 8 к, ý 1, $, о,.t 1 l
1, э
Nobody will truЧst y*ou although you may boast of having
15q,{1,&,ш<,l local оr permanent resident g,кч,l5q,!-5,ft, done this оr that.
аi-х,'аgаr'рцк'сjГ11 лs fоr the population of the local residents
in Lhasa, thеrе аrе several hundred thousand people. l,ЕЕ,цN,gý,аI. &,q1,1alK,Y.,Зl Lit.: Ап old horse has
r/\
mоrе ёхреriепсе очеr the roads, and ап old man has
ý С\ \ý
ч5Бl,Е,Бtý1,1,il,,N(,I ч5ы,s,Nýч,ý,аi,flI Lit.: Дthough the mоrе life ехреriепсе/ Sense implied: the older the man,
beginning of а talk is easy, the completion of а talk is the gTeater ехреriепсе he has.
not easy/ Sense implied: Easier said than done/ Though
it is easy to start а talk it is, however, not easy to end а q'(,ýg,ýlчd] Lit.: splitting а horse's tail into а hundred
talk. strands/ Sense implied: очеr cautious шкý'6<'dпlк'ч,q,
(,ýg,lqч,чqr'1{-кý,а11 There is по need to Ье очеrlу
ч5е!,(Е,&,FJ back bitiny bad reputation s<,б:цчч,ý5,ql
cautious очеr petty things.
15аr'<q'ft'р'аГ<'{ч"'аlt If someone acts honestly thеrе will
not Ье any bad reputation. q,чЗч,\",ц,ч}",обчN,яýý,а5I Lit.: опе hоrsе cannot

104 105
 саrrУ two saddles/ Sense implied: опе man cannot do gч,чЕ(,i{N! When you inspect schools, it is essential to
two jobs at the same time. епсочrа8е the students and teachers.

q'чtsч,аit,q,ц,чЗч,lфJ Lit.: one horse needs опе saddle/
Sense implied: опе thing will necessitate the оthеr.
q,бо.гglк,Чl,йi'i,q,з<,я<,{<,к,i51 Lit.: If а horse has the
епЁrgу to ruп fast, he has the whole поrthеrп plain to
ruп irV Sense implied: This proverb is used to test how
muсh опе can do (а sarcastic rеmаrk).
q,r,"Бl,Ф,агfil,q,паr,! Lit.: It is better to lead а horse
Ьеfоrе it is tireф Sense implied: to do something before
someone is completely discouraged.
q'цы,ft,ýý,ц,тlý1 Lit.: the path of а horse is blocked Ьу а
'il'"З<'Ц sound philosophy and condugt ý(ý'9ý,сl,qцý,Э,
чq(,tý,ч,Тl Qt,tr,о..,trо1ý(ý,d('ll А very sound philosophy
and conduct is presented in the Buddhist texts.
.q'пк'ft'(ы! Lit.: not feeling enough Ьу sееiпgЛооkiпg at iY
Sense implied: wish to see again and again [,пýq,Sч,шi,
еrек'gчi'ч'пк'ft'{Ш'к'Qq'6t11 Опе печеr feels enough of
seeiný the beauty of goddess Таrа. The beauý of Тата саппоt
Ье satisfied with а mеrе glance.
q'ý'ыЪ-{ Lit.: high opinion; philosophy/ Sense implied: to
Ье haughty and proud Fк,ч,qqа,аr,Qч,&q,q,q,о,еrY,бý5,ft
,

donkey/ Sense implied: ТЫs proverb is а sarcastic

remark applied to that реrsоп who holds а certain post ъR,] If you аrе а true practitioner, you should not Ье
though it does not fit fоr him; becoming а Ьаrriеr foT haughty.
future persons applying for the post.
food, clothing and reputation ft,t<,п,fф,
{ф'чlо'чýыI
ýI'RI.е{'ЗЧ реrmапепt, а religious terminology аýК'ýК'
ч5ц,чýБ,,ý,Е 1,5arK'lýT}'Л-it Every реrsоп works f оr f ood,
clothing and reputation.
},5{к,б5q,к,i<,gт11tl'э('а1I No product рhепеmепоп is
реrmапепt. eat at home and to
{ьк'1<'о.l'ýзýI ff.'B'*'o5('] Lit.: to
lay eggs outside/ Sense implied: unfaithfui act
ql'Ч' r' .,В5,о.,\,*,н,5кl,к,i,пQ
1 always/ constantly
п q,ai<,
Qq
о{,{к, а {я, (,
i{ч, {ш 1 to tre а t hee dle SSly 1 Ф(,
а а
gП'!'fr'аlЧ I cannot {",
el,
5{q, 5 Е,
соmе to уоur place always.
ý. .r \л V 1{q'пз<'\'\'^.'frý There is no scent of ечеп good
qа'а'дi]'d.''е!Ёа'1'61 Lit.: а hоrп with hоrп of а dzo/ Sense leadership if simple people аrе ill-treated.
implied: very unsuitable
ф,к,{к,аiп1 relatively {к,к,Q-к,аF1,\,5п<,trýк,q,Е.,чц,
Ч'{Ч'ц*,,ýоI to look after/to inspect and to give an r^lтl'лкl'qYl't51 Не is relatively quite good.
encouragement ýо'ч'пч,*,q,{ч,чЕ.,ý*,5\,ц-п,6Г<к,о.l,ц"г

106 107
qо],Ц,i,rЗ,5<,fr,&,R,Fq<,1 Lit.: the stripes of а tiger аrе needs to have thousands and thousands of ruрееs fоr the
seen outside and а person's quality is inside/ Sense exPenSes.
impПed: А реrsоп саппоt Ье judged merely through his
relieved цц'
ехtеrпаV This is used to say that one cannot judge а Yl'{1Ччtч to Ье mentally and physically

реrsоп from outer behaviour опlу. 1а\tх,,1к,Т1ТlQчtqаlv{<'1 I аm relieved at having

{
ql'ыт1'1о,т'ыgп1 Lit.: the head of а tiger and the tail of а
finished the work

sпаRё/ Sense impПed: impressive in the beginning and

disappointing at the enйmpressive beginning with poor оý*,ч1",qq,Qч,Rrl Оur sponsor is wealthy as well as strong.
ending
ýqЧ'lýl'q{'ý{l careful examination пlЕч,{о,l,а\,я5,пqк1151,
q1,&к,пк1I ч5еt,{(,\к,аýх,1 Lit.: А mап kills а tiger but
you claim the credit,/ Sense implied: to steal other's 11ц'5к'ч'&fl We did а careful examination of this issue.
fame оr feat.
Чql'gl{к'оЕЕ1 recognition of an investigation Fч*,6,,\,
qч,е-ч,з1,{ч*,э.,"о,ч,&,=I Lit.: Even if а
tigress is ýчý],1ýl,fl,(,Хк,{к,аRq,q..Ц,еll We will recognise the
starving, she won't eat hеr fleshr/ Sense impПed: in оrdеr investigation of the committee.
to express something that опе will печеr do.
ýgE'qEq'&'8"'зl holy man/holders of the Teaching Е<'ч'
ýýl'Ч\'Чбý'Цt smart and energetic young mап l'ffЦ-l'Еý,gч, XK,пqlaE1$,ý*,g*,o1.,B,3To,irl Buddhists respect the
ql,qý'q,к,аr<,баýх,'ýГ<'1 This уеаr mапу smart and young holders of the Teaching.
mеп came fгоm Tibet.
,qýч,l,d]ýч,ýqч, ПЕq'ПQl'd'{] humorous .,&,ý Ф,,о\,пqq,пQqХ,бq,ýl,аýýl
ЕПК'П]'{l convenient 1п'аllпFqтqпк,пý,бft
Оur little son is very humorous.
{ý*'o]qa'I Please leave it, if it is not convenient to cook food.

пfi'r'1{<,аfкl1 laudable/ commendable qq,mqK,!K,o1'5,^,

Y.'о'{.' о.,1 со mpletely empty бп,Q, ft к,пtr*,1,1,*.,{.,о,Т.,
чТ.,Е*,чý.,ýчl,ч1(,{(,| The teacher gave а commendable
g<'ПYК'аýПl The vessel is completely empty as the cat drank speech.
the milk.

Y.' КЧ' t thousands upon thousands !, gаl,ч,аff q,..{{'{E,

Е' Кч

fr'.,r{.,зч,R,кч,о.,б1{'к,ч't51 If опе visits abroad, опе

l08 109
 /fl
я<,R,R<,R1 я(,а'а(,е,Зf,ц! hesitanУ to Ье of two minds

яq,q,ýl,q l bits and piece s В,l,*ч, u1lз1,{1Зq з,q,Ъ-п, {<1 The

dog got а small bit of the meat to eat.
Я'ý5'ЧN{'ПЕ! coining пеw terms &тпgr,$,qýý,тý1чý\,
п5аr<'бýlк't51 Мапу new tеrms аrе coined during яý,Ф(,а,d1 яý,Ф(,Ф(,а'd,Ц Lit.: а small hearth Ьurпs
trапslаЁоп. strongly/ Sense implied: А small but effective hearth,

я'8'iп'i1 g1oomy \,i.,Ц,чqо,фк,я,Q,iп,i,q,ýч,qýд1, 6\,ryýý,ý, яýý,ýý,ýý,{<,1 t-it., а hundred ways and thousand plans/
rlt Today's weather is very gloomy. It might rаiп. Sense implied : various means <,fi
,r<,пdq,$,B5,tr япк,п g,

з",{.,чq.,iфl We have to adopt чаriоus means for оur

я, t,FR 1 s cattered ý-к,lý п,}, ft
,q
а K,ý'<,aýr,tr тt,бtr,Еlvаýч Йdерепdепсе.
People from the villages аrе scattered in the ciý.
!ýý,ýý,ч(,ýl:ý.t best possible means аrк,lа\,аgý,ц,о,t,пýý,
Яý]'ý'flа''ЫY('I perceiving а striped rоре for а snake ft1'
ý-лq\.
зý,ý1<,чзý,чЕ.,{ч*,о]Е.'] Please apply the best possible
qкк,{&1,q,к,ýп,кЁ,цпк,ý,яч,6{,ý.r,,аr}-<,\,i11 Опе witl Й"urш to accomplish this wоrk
perceive and mistake а striped rоРе fоr а snake if опе does
not have good еуе sight, especially when it is dark
яýN,дl,т1,а51 helpless/ to have по alternatiyg Ц-l,ft'fк,g,ft,*,
{{'".r,а,5к,l,frl,акlк,ч,i11 The Tibetans wеrе left with no
uч't''Ц'чlЕ'фý'ft'гJft'lц'5чо1 An епеmу neighbour is
alternative but to revolt against the chinese.
better than,a far away relative.

яýý,qк,fl'ý1ш{I to find means in advance/ to take loan ý'

яогR<,\,ччы,i,3i,пlq,3i,ft,оýq! А far off news is half
trF<,\,а15,1ýсд,1п(,1ý,l5о.r,япк,.Qк,{,ч(л{,ý,\'&{| This уеаr
true and half false.
I shall obtain а loan from the bank for the business,

яl'Ylк'frl'к,1 without obstructiory' fluently fr'<,\к,чl,яп1

to try and find means ftк,япк"Qк,ý1,1
яцN,qý,аýl,пУql
}-кlк, fr 1'ч r'пfq' {.'l Не answered fl u ently/unobstructedly.
{](,(л(,tl,зý'к,fr11 Ш man tries with means and effort, there
isn't anything that he саппоt do.

110 11l
 яýNqý,ýi<'Е] rо"rу resouTceful реrýоп ft,аýq,б],Fяпк, gп'Кl'd,Кl 1п<,аГl,d,Ц1 one who bullies others E*,o]qq,*,
"
.Qч.пз<.баfl.t11 An efficient person is а resourceful mап. зп,f1,1{<,\,аtrч Hebulliesothers.

яýN'qý'€('qýа'Iunion of method and wisdom Е(.ца.чq(.ý i, Кш, &'ы,} ! d о ub t 5 \-q, el Е!,ш,е, Ха, {ы,i, n
5,
к <,
1 {н, п,Yп | pray
япк.Qк,g<,аýш.у.ýq.{qý(ý.аql The union of method and to the triрlе gem without апу doubt.
wisdom is greatly emphasized in the Buddhist teaching.
Yl,Qпq Yо,gq{gч all of а sudden 1п,к<,<,Yп,gч,фgч,
япк'.Qк'Йi'1'{ Еф'ýчý| Lit.: to search all kind of means/ ф'н'аff1{-К'ý('J Yesterday, all of а sudden I had to go to
Sense impПed: no effort has Ьееп spared япкýк.6Гl.gtrаl. the market. Хlк,!'1gк,чg,trчý{q,аr,Yl,Qпк,п5q,{,,l
Lhamo Youdonma (а female оrасlе) spontaneously came into
If one Sраrеs no effort, опе
ýЧý,ýý,Е,Еаt,шрfr,5,с^l<.аЕЕ.ýýI trance in the crowd.
с-ап catch ечеп а bird in the sky.

Ё'п,я<,а ы}ы! equal rights ы к,!,sJýq,ý{,d(,Б,,ч,Ъ-п,я<,а5,еrlаr,

ЯШ'fr'YШ'fr1 uпсlеаr mind a<,agK,q,ft ,яеl, ft ,Yы. fr .ап1".Э.аlt 5, fi

one's mind becomes uпсlеаr if one takes wine. &q1 Bveryone is equal iп the eyes of law.

ýЧN'qý{'а'ýýil with great dedication Q,пýq,кl,к.rr}'ог1*. Yк,пкы,{п,чDrl Lit.: to listen, think and learrV Sense

gп1 ч, а gr, В :п
ý l, Э
к. Yl. о.
В ýо. т. \.9 ý.
ч Т(. ýl 1
<. el { к. t implied: study and comtemplation 1{-q,пч,Fк,!,Yк,пкаt,
5. 1
with great dedication, Мrs. fetsun
^
1

Реmа improved Тсv Religious studies and comtemplation аrе

Schools. fо,flЭ.,чЕ.,о,i1I
саrriеd out at the monasteries.

}1т,Хl,тl5ы,ftq1 ыY<,d1,:к,frq1 Lit.: all that one hears is

ýlý,ý'ý,1(,бч"l whatever is possible for one's mind ýý.
not news and all that one eats is not food/ sense
чч,gпlк,ýк,1(.ТчN.ýlЕ..{ч*.чl.] Please do this wоrk as implied: Don't eat everything and Шsten to everything,
much as уоu сап.

Ъ'к, п кы,{1 к, i,п 1 partial оr limited study Yк,п к ш,{т1 к,i,пк,

ý],аFп,ых,,ý,пlа,ýl,R11 ы{.fr5.Е.з{.rfr.к1.{-<.i51 The аrрк,ч,r^lq'бьqк'gп'!'аr't51 Partial study cannot make good
fineness of thue (Tibetan buttйd cheese) is jue to
butter. Without butter, it would have Ьееп а soПd piece scholars.
of cheese and barley flочr.

l|2 11з
ЫЯа'frl'q'fr]! infinite and boundless
al'r]l
qаr,еrрh,ý5ý.шяа.аl.ц.

The extent of the sky is infinite and boundless. ri

s'Я{'ýl'а5'{q tb. ultimate findings ях,gтl.ýr.{qi.... <'i'5,н,пц5,ч,&q| Until
1,q,ý{,1I till today/until now
1 tsK,!,ar
5,,g,пr,tr
пQq,ýк,гt,gп,к,i51 The ultimate finding of а phenomena is ,lo*"I have lived in Tibet.
devoid of iпhеrепt existence.
аr,а{vg,qq\$фк,у1ir,fi 1к,пYк,
5кl,iх,,сtlк,пYк1 reform
Ыýq'фа''5il'чd('I harmonious relationship, ý<,чi.п].ý1!. П5<'П'i11 Мао rеfоrmеd the Chinese society.
B5,tr ft,qшк.аlýл.q,е1.1s{.ý6<.5ф.к.&qt The hагmопiоus
relationship is required for the happiness of а country.
1ч,lч,ч('I f"lY to fill to the Ьrim <'ffi'пý-5,{к,wrqiш1о,
bottle of liquor.
ыi,qЕ,ýч,lч
*v 1Ч'lý]'Ч('ýа<'{<'1 Our guest drank one full
jealousy пЧq,кч{ч.ý5.кк.ts.,ч.кq1 whatis
the usе of getting jealous?
1(,11] l<,{i,я,Ц fashionable/to take care of one's beauty/
ыЕ'<,g,}'к,gt Lit.: extent of seeing and hearing/ Sense tip top фq,6.,i*,1<,15,31'K,ý,ý-al,ai1 It is common to Ье
fashionable at а young а8е.
implied: widely 19дd цrýк,ч,сrlq,баlк,кl,аr,еrY<,g,Ек,g,аq,б

lф'o'&ql In оrdеr to become а good schola1 опе needs to t"аý{п

,rл, ,i,la
1(,б1 Ф(''| the very fi rsVf
(, oremost Е-5, ft ft р1'5<'
have read widely,
б1<,gчý,к,к.*'i51 Мr. Pasang was the very first Tibetan
who visited united states.
ЫY('Ф('ý5,ч&-il belittle and disdain c\,{ýN,{alK,}K.lqq,ar.
v
,rT<,Ф<,ý5,чar-5,ý5.!.ar.i5t No decent
реrsоп will ечеr belittle faith, respect and the pure vision 8*,ýlо,
апd have disdain fоr others. 11'1К'lО'*.''
пh,qш,я<,я,11,1ý,lч,fl(,аq,баi'51 I have faith and respect in
the biographies of the great holy persons.
aQq,aý<,1^,{.l partiality and procastination ýR.dE.(q.6q.
аQЕ,аýч.1<.кк,{Е.н.lт,.Т..ýl.q."зq.шеr.ш.q{5.}.t51 It would
1'1к,lý to bow respectfully/devotionally 55'51'ýк,lк,
5i' i ]
Ье detrimental to unity if thеrе wеrе partiality among the simply
rеgiоп, and procastination in the work. !,qаr,яr,g<,кк,п.Qк,l}q'пý1,{а,lqа,ш.,,ft,аgr1
having devotion cannot Ьесоmе а rеаl mеаЙs of cultivating
one's spiritual master.

Il4 115
:

1ы'ýýr'{'r{ýа''ýqýI oath takng ceremonies K<'iq'пla'ýq.ý.
5а!'ýýа,'r{ýЦ'пQк'!'ý'ш']'iS1 Тоmоrrоw
сеrеmопу day of the cabinet ministers.
а time of реасе and prosperity 1к,п\,ý-1,
1к'п]'ffi'ае.ýк,|
is oath taking aelK,!,aFý{,Tl,fl ýý,q,кft,аr,ппl,tш(ý,з{ýФ,ý1l When
people lived in the time of реасе and prosperity, thеrе was а
possibiliý of discrepancy due to carelessness.

1ы'ts1'1аlк'БчýI degeneration of committmenV broken

confirm time &1,d5,Э,tr",r5,,,r,ч5l,qlащ,q
committment Fк,f<,ц<,аr r,lш,tsq,1 al к,аl,п{<,пЁ,{q,tr пq<, ý"'Kt'ol лq,qFо,I
qff5<'аQq'ПrФq'lФ1 Offer propitiation to the Dhаrmа ill The date fоr examination time is not yet confirmed.

protector in order to rеstоrе the degeneration of

\'а5'{<, *<,I therefore Р'<,q}к,аýч,п,rхl,бi5,ч,],а5,{<,{к,
committment.

qс,qiч,&-(,япк'ý1'}'аf,5t As the relationship between two of

5
х,'ýý' а'('
б уо uthful life f \,пп,аl<,&,1 к к,ц.Qк,з,iп1,1qк,аr, them is not good, thеrеfоrе I аm mediating fоr them.
qУq'rфl Опе should strive fоr knowledge when one is
уоuп8. i.,*.,1 i.,ý"l these days/ mоdеrП days f<'к<'Чб1'5rr<,r
К-5'qК'Й<'h'аtrЧ These days many уоuп8 mеп аrе coming
1Ш'аýr'ý1'1л]q] Lit.: leisure and endowment; difficu_tt to frоm Tibet.
fiпФ Sense implied: humап life is diffuicu]t to obtain Е-к'
,qr,Е,lаl,аýr.$.fi ,gк.а\ýt,х.61,1пtа.п.fiq1 According to Yч *, аq,ц чеrу important чqN,6aJ'6<,{1,al,t1,1<,{1ar,8q,бlq<'
Dharma teaching, precious human birth is very difficult to 1{'К1 Опе should give special attention and imроrtапсе to
find. give special attention to ечеп trivial things.

l" {l'ýT{tJ free time for leisure i* {1,8т{l,}к,fi,В,аýш

YЧ*'qq'чq] to stress importance ýк,кh"Qк,di'Е,н,qq,чк,{1ч,
ЯПК'fr51 It is not possible to lead life in lеisurе and happy 115q,э5,5ф,ч,&q1 Btaers need to give special attention and
relaxation. to emphasize children's education.

\/ ý,
ýýl'ЦК'Кq'ý'ý(N'(I Lit.: taking а viper in one's lapl Sense
ý'lЫ'аЁl'пз('] to arrest and take into custody ý'ч\,чq(,Еý,
implied: taking risk пlа,ч,ап,ý5Э{qýlчцаl,сl(,ý,д(N,rr, ý fy v ф \
ý,ц,цiq,ц,9,ч,N(,q,5,5il'.r(Е'ýз('ý5'Э'\5!
ýr
lf the gочеrпmепt of
&qt I have taken the гisk fоr the spiritual and lndia finds someone as а spy/ he will Ье аrrеstеd and taken
temporal
irtto custody.
рurроSе.

1]6 l11
.:т

very careful ýllý,6о.,,Ф(,ё.,фq,q,**,{Y51,5q,В5,Э, ungrateful to their Knd parents and teachers, definitely thеrе
fi'Чq'lqt will Ье same treatement to the self also.
аЧl I am being very careful even though it is а very
insignificant case. \rzýc\ý,
ýl'ы<'пlк'аЗ'ý'qЁq'ЦJ Lit.: а brown Ьеаr catching
mammots/ Sense implied: А mап who does things
{ч"'5q,ýlJ beware of ý,.l,fiK,Yq,ý11 ве*а.. of dogs.
continuously but unattentivety ýо'ý.'ч1<,ýк,аý,&'<,\к,
ýфq
а},п,аЕа,п,q<,пQq,qа<'g,fr51 Опе should not sfudy Iike
ý('rý('чччI faithfutly/honestly/sincerely аrк,1,5<,б5<,
Ьrоwп Ьеаr catching mimmoth.
а

qччЗl'Э'*-lJ I work sincerely.

Чýýl'ýý'lТа{ЫЧ1 Lit.: а collection of nine tyrannical acts/

5q'.QК'Пl'аГ51 mindfulness, introspection and Sense implied: worst torture ýýý'{п,51 а{шк,чh,qq<,аЕq,
conscientiousness/ Rчfr-.figп,5,п,аг5qýк,пl,аfl,пQ1, {1,Еп,сш<,п\,$1'Yп'япк'fr51 Nечеr опе сап obtain happiness
5{К1 О"" has to Ье mindful, introspective and conscientious under а tyrannical government.
in оrdеr to аЬапdопе negativities and cultivate virtues.

c\q.ýý\
ý]ý('RбIý'е!1N'ý81I to shаrе the sadness and
ý'ý'ýN'a{EI questions and answers/ interview 5'п,ýк,ча,ý, disappointmenVto share difficutties and hardships
ý'чh'
1пк,ц,dп,dп,lq<,g,rjf5'п'i51 Опе should not get пегчоus а.lк,l,ч,d<,аl к,кltr<,Rш K,al
at the time of intexriew. 1ы,п$5,ý1.,lф'ill It is necessary
to share the difficulties and hardships for the common cause.

С\
ýq'бl'd{ч'Ц\'l'ýý(ýJ Lit.: to Ht stone on а kind person's ýlч'8i'чql'SЕ1 huppiness for the self and appreciation Ьу
hапй Sense implied: to Ье ungratefui Rq,sq,"lq,чr{
others ft,В,{q,l.,ц1,.l,ý("q,ý5чýlччлý-л,аГ.'\,аll
оý*",Э,з,ýl,аr,а5к1к.}.ft.fiаr.fr5.{ш.Qqа51 It is indeed а Successful humап life ЬriпgЁ happilress fоr the self апd
shameless act to ir.dulge in hitting stone оп а kind person's appreciation Ьу others.
hand.
цlч'ý{l'ý]qЕ'ýi1 self-praise and beПttling оthеrs ýlý,ýТ5,
с\ \/
ýЕ'фЕ'а,!Ч'qE.а'l to repay the Kndness with а bad чqE,ý1,B5,ц,r<,i5,1elK,Kt'g1 It is а cause of downfall to
praise oneself and belittle о*thегs.
treatemenV ungratefui response к.ц,5(,5Ц,Еq,q,sh,Rq,.q,
ш"\q,нЕ,ffl,аек,5к,},я,йl,Rк,чч,аЕ*.&.аll If one is п1l,fr1'&<,оg^1 totally discarded/ without anybody to

118 l19
 care f orlto tal пе gligence/ignoring 5
T]cr, (d,l,r.{
к 5,ч R,ц п к, g truth and falsiý пýq,пgq,пбпl,Qп,аr,5vкr,&1ак,ý5,11лlк,
п5q,fi5,&<,чё*,Зl,опЕч,ql,i5I Nobody cares when опе is qý]Ц't5l It is а sign of stupidity to trust someone without
in difficulty. * investigating the right and the wrопg.

оi'ýi,зq,чш,Хlк,к1 very happy and prosperous
аgq,чi,аlк,1,3i,q,оi,8i,зq,gш,Flк,ч,а('с\,i51 If опе does
work in ассоrdапсе with the faith, one will Ье happy and
рrоsреrоus in one's life span.
п]q'к'пlяа'оý*l to prove the truth in its
substantiate thoroughly <к,пq5,кh,q5а,qык,п]q,ц,цýrl,
ПýЧ'3'gr'Ц'ýЧ'еЧl I am rеаdу to substantiate the truth of
what I Ёаче said in its entirety.
ts*,5., аllа,ltsl\ý,ч,ý,l}ý,ýý1l Lit.: killingtwo deers with опе
аrrой Sense impПed: to have two things done at а
time/one stone killiirg two birds
ыlа,lgfrl,Е,ýl5ы,(Е,а5l ftryаl,q,&.,Т1аll Lit.: There
entirety/to will not Ье bad reputation if there аrе no bows and
аrrоws and there will not Ье cataract, if there is по еуе,/
Sense implied: А man without rапk cannot Ье degraded.
оYfl oI *,з.,r.l ýфI union of Sutra and Tantra ш{qlк,gr,аýа.l,

ý,кеr,"r,пýq,qк,lпк,,iq,ýтtфt опе needs to practice ьу way

п\q'к'пjl,ýý] reliable truth/undeniable truth ý\Е,ц,"iq,ýо,
of the path of the union of Sutra and Tantra
D,f1*,ý."'8*'Зr i{"l Опе has to рrоче the facts through
reliable truth. оfi,q.,tsч,.Qк1 few desires and contentment а{16<,Гlýv
ý ýq i у ý\ уý
э,ýilý,5,а5,Е,1('(lа'5Elщ'r{ý{'g'1{'Б,l|Ц'ulq1 The essenSe of the
Пjq'K'r'il| to point out the facts/to see the truth/evidence Buddhist есопоmу is to Ье content with few desires.
to prove the f act {q,ld<,a,& 1,чh,п|q,к,l,ý-l,gq а(1
Ц-5,r <,п

We have evidential facts to рrоче the authelrticity оГ the

Independance of Tibet.
п\q,кh,lqN,ýчýl actual situatiolV true picture \('5ý('al,q'
п\q,кi,lqк,цlк,Ё,,qr,пчl'ýýI How
picture when there is no frееdоm
п\l'пgq,пqч,Qч to investigate the right and
l r,aft ,р,
o{q'F' rЗ* daily recitation рrауеrs Y5,},5{-q,ч r,Y1, ш
ба,ýlаЕq'ý5'ч'l51 In the beginning, daily recitation prayers
аrе memorized in the Tibetan monasteries.
сап one describe the truе q5'qýа,Е(,qк'ft'а5'п| Lit.: the unequal among equals/
?
Sense implied: invincible, dynamic, matchless
'i-.'*'
wrorrg/the шВ'лlý,gаl,ро,D,lз,Rt,оr,а5i,q<,qк,fr,а5,п,Q1,&q,л,t51 His

l20 121
-т-
Holiness the Dalai Lama is ап iпсоmраrаЬlе among the Т{q,л.,ý(,I in nut-sheИn essence fiq,,л<,8<,ft,d(,slý,{(,
leaders of the wоrld./ His Holiness the Dalai Lama is an shоrt everyone has to Реrfоrm
unequal leader аmоп8 his equals - the leaders of the world, \,чк,аlq,х{,яч'ýý'lфJ In
his duty sincerelyl
r{ý'lа'ýý''{а]о*1 an example applied to many seemingly
,к,tl,пýк аi'5,q,lg,Ц-к,fi1,
similar instances although not аррrорriаtе fi '
r' iт1' пýя 1 mt" grlty, unity fi
gП'}'а'i51 Enemy cannot hаrm if thеrе is unity in а country.

qi,чх.,ý-{,чЕý,кl,ц,il1,1о{^,чF,оl Lit.: keeping the

demon at the еа*ей gate and giving the ritual cake at
Ql'к'ftl'пýеl1 to commit non-virtues blindly/ Sense

the western gate/ sense implied: to criticise wrong
persons/wrong criticism
Lit.: even if the rосk
{цы,ш<,fr,ft,апr1 Ч.,iЕ,л.,fr,апr1
is dry, it won't Ьurп and the wood will catch firе ечеп
it is wеV Sense implied: possibiliý and the impossibility
depend upon their causal factors
{Sr,е-х,,fr{ч,fr,frýlJ Lit.: It is impossible for flowers
to
grоw fiom* pebbies/ Sense implied: An example of
impossibility
small а stone
{Ф.,л.,gý]ý,цN,В{,iч",frll Lit.: However
mау Ье it cannot Ье taken away Ьу wind,/ Sense
implied unnecessary сопсеrп ýчN,Ф(,Ф(,gкlк,пlчi<,п,лllr,
:
impПed: daring and intentional negativities Е'к'ц'qr''5ч,
чtт,\",Rч,ч,ftl,пýш,qеr,шч,ý1,}ш,t11 Тruе dharma
practitioners will печеr commit nolr-virtues blindly.
Ql,rr'пккlý,\('ý{J Lit.: one has to take the burden of
one's non-virtues/ Sense implied: one is responsible for
one's wrопg done gк,ýq,Qý],к,\<,F{,5(-щtк,пýqк,пh,зп,
ц{,щq,{<,q1,oý'g'aii Lheiin was гesponsible fоr his поп-
nins had to go thrоugh the bridges made Ьу
чiгtuеs and the
them,
having great fortitude {q,ýq,gý,ц,щ,ýч,ъN,d,б
týl,ýý,d,Ц
:ф,о,&ql А great fortitude is required in оrdеr to fulfill а
great aim.

1.,{ё.,Q.,qlк,чк,ýrftý,а11 ] А humble man should not to mumble а сursе тrý5,<1\ fк,ýч,ýч1'

worTy as there is по danger of а stone being саrriеd away Ьу
ёч,qчl,ýý],ýч11
wind. цч,ач5,ý<,(,ч<,ýч1,{('! These indecent girls mumbled а lot
of сursеs.
а small rock can Ьrеаk а clay
{Ф.,лс.,Ц,ы,ýбч,а('('] even
pitcher/ sense implied: effectiveness in the wоrk,

l22 |zз
{<'{'пlх,,qý,Lцф,чх,,ýчl,ц] Lit.: talking about the
brЙches leaving aside the main trunk of the tree/ Sense
' implied:
to ignore the rооt of something/beating around
rfl
the bush
с\ ý. .
_l: lл ?ra.ear.Eaa.at.n:lKl'_aE'
Е'Еý'ц.1ý] аgеmg with sagging
eyelids п1lь,lп<,fflilvq(
5П'5П'ý1'&1 to become broke/ having spent all mопеу or q,*1к,Р,\п,ч,п!l,пкаl,аьr,gк,бqff'gп1 Now that I аm aged
emptied {пlк<,агl5шd(,еl,ýý,5ý,&q&qп5<,т&11 I spent with sagged eyelids, I саппоt give detailed suggestion,
all of my mопеу during Losar (say, Ьу gambling).
,пýq,лч,б3r,
q, q, d, d] often getting sick Е,q,d,d,аr,6fl<,ф,qк,аfi
ýflý'ýflý,lВч a.short опе/ brief {(,ýýк,ýýý,ltq,пц<,1<,l
i{'ý!l one should take good саrе of one's health before one
- Plea-se tell mе а short story. gets sick

of пiпе crimes Еq'ýк'l1аЕык,

Еч,qý,lтq{ык,1 uggregation
цh,ff,оl,пз<,ft,а,п,ýl,кt,tчN,ц'i1] It is stupid to hope for а
good thing from а person-who has committed пiпе crimes,

qq'ýK'{K'fr|] Lit.: confessing оr admitting crimes qЧ'Тý'

iK,Ф{ýl,q,fi аrкYl,qк,}к,ч,ul<'п,ff5'l]] If someone confesses

his сrimе, the legal punishment would Ье lightier,

qЧ'1"'i'ок.'] the extent of crime Е,,чЭ",D,qч,}к,Е,6<,fiаrк,},

Ъ-1,1к,ýк,!,а11 The extent of their crimes will Ье krrown

through the laws.

Еч,rqч,0(,] complete black ý,Q,,xh'&'&'ryql'б11'5<'t11

The hair of Asian people is completely black,

due to other's blanre ft'

Еч,аl,ý.,оРаl1 the innocent loser

|25
124
 чl'ft5',х'&'пкl'кi'}к'$-е'афч'&-<'1 An innocent person 8ot q.{q,Уr,{Ч internal dispute q.,{Е,r5,ыqý,, оrо{ч R]| Who
blamed fоr the murder. caused the internal dispute ?

qЧ'6ýý'6ýýl frowning/ moody фк,к,ц,{qк,q{<,к,Еq,{пк, 1(,1ца,m,lцr{,ýа{,6{,Qч,ql B,1,*^,1ыl,al,fýllii-"r

When the inner bravery of а wаrriоr is not lost, there is
бпк'пqЕ'q'ý5'Тft'.{ýЧ If you slrow mе а frowning face right
in the moming,I аm not h"ppy. no need to fear the waT of king Gesar frоm the outside,

r ч;Ёr с\ .е ,n
ý q(ý,d'df,5,q,ц(,d,RlJ Lit.: If опе has salt in the morning,
i,Ko*,o,P,i.,q5,ýa,F,r{{q,o{q,ol reciting рщуеr like а ' оrr" ao.rРt have it in the afternoorr/ Sense implied: This
раrrоУрrаttliпg tike а раrrоt зп,ffi,{q,ш,{q",q,Е5,r.,\, proverb is used to express the hard life of someone,
а{q,ч,],|,fi,аri'5<'51'lr'fr51 Yоur recitation of
рrауеrs will
not Ье different frоm that of а раrrоt reciting ОМ МА NI q.

Еl,ýý,flч,lщ опе medication fоr а hundred sicknesses/

PAD МЕ HUM if you don't understand the profound
meaning. panacea tq,8q,iTrq,i,q1,og,ыq,qЗq,\,5a,шfq,Qч,eql
Rinchen Rilbu (а precious tibetan pill) is an example of а
medication that сurеs а hundred illnesses.
qк'пд ft,.!к,q,З,{q,е,оýýI If there is а nrisfortune/problem ,
at home, one will пбt Ье successful outside home
п\,аqк'дl,t!('Еý'qч'п'
11,1Y<,уl,як1 рооr chronic patient
q5,1Y<,1а,япl,ч,{1к,rеr,ýl,о,аll Delek Hospital always helps
Е(,ýд,qN,q,3,{ч,оgо"Е(,ýт&,,.q",q,3",{q,ft,аlч1 If atl is
well at home, tЁеп things will go well outside and vice the рооr and chronic patients.
чеrSа.
ql,пYý{1,8-о] .о rесочеr from i_llness and save life 1tJч,\,

1(,ч5N,3\,ýш1 disclosing the secret ý,Fч",Э,q.'ýЕ('ч5il'В1, qпк,11,пYк ý'ч,S" D ai,ý€\,ý ýq,цFq,е'51 During wаr there
oý*'ýl,q,lýý* i<'*o1'\'l51 Disclosing а secret of the society is а separate unit to look after the wounded to save their
lives.
to the outside will become а schism.

q.'iq' чо, &-o.1 private оr confid е nfi al talk Еr{q'пlа'i-агт1<' ql'ýl'qКЧ'Уl'l"l Lit.: а period of war, starvation and
1
sicknEsses/ ýense implied: period of degeneration/bad
q<,rл<,<,н,dq,чq(,{чý,чý<'! Please iпfоrm me whatever the era
informal discussion may Ье.

l26 \2,7
 conditio., d5'"'
Еы,ырi,fr,fi Lit,: the sky flower/ Sense implied: а чЕý,ЕRý,чЗч,Q^l the same situation оr
,a}i5ar aгqqK,q<K,ltq, gч,апlк,п,i 51
сопuпоп example of non-existence Еа,ttlаi,аýд]ý,а1ч Ё, п {q,{r,пЁ,[к,gd1ft Е,d<,
Tibetans of all ranks have fallen in the same coъdition after
lа,Qч,&ql Sky-flower is an instance of non-existence.
losing their independance.

Еы,gЕ,Е(,ýqЕ] as usual \,iK,ar{l,ff],1T,gq,q<,пQq,oýч

цqк'5кrF5,}к1 Lit.: to guess someone based upon the
Today's function looks as usual. ' sitvuaЁorV d".r. implied: to insult somebody at its
weakness/taКng advantage of а situation
"'\'чq',1,,
ЕЫ'qq'Эr'{К| соmmоп saying or oral interpretation ý'flк' ,tr<,1 Опе
1g,afi 1Fr,lqк,trк,F13к,}к,аrЪ'<,6<,п},аlýl,ft
Э,Е.,Ео,gЕ,Э.,ý-",пч,*,ýqо.r,Ба,бý 5,!,r 11 соmmоп sayi ngs should not tаkё advantage of the shortcoming of one's
оr оrаl iХterpreiations аrе considered important in society. government and leaders.

&q,dl,qпк,q dq,i'r,cx <,SK,

1 at mid-night
ы'qq' ш,q1,
ЧЕý'ýчý'{оё^l discussion
q ы dq' fi ш
чqý,ччN,{пзr,ý1l,qqк,{аr,
ý<,ir,!,*sЧ
g lч Students study even at mid-night during the пlKo.1,{alK,!,i11 The issue will Ье clear if thеrе will Ье
ý v l

examinations.
рrореr discussion.

qк,кк,ф<к,К51 within the scope of one's ability ý]lý'ýЧN'\ЧN'ýёNl brief rероrt 1'Щаl'чЕý'ýd]N'\чý,ýýý,
$\ll ",\,ý*, а
пк,Q<к,Х5,1r,яq,ý5,ч,&11 I did best within the scope of my а brief rероrt.
iЧ't{Тý'q'q\'&q1 Trris time I аm going to make
ability.

,i, Хо к' ý1 а big disaster ý,ý<,fi r,пýч",1",чfi,Sl,Но",

ч{i' fl'
1qы,Yl,а яо,{*] air-attac}y'to attack through planes rл,ft
Вq'П5<'аtrЧ Yesterday's аrsоп created а big disaster.
к, r g, к ы, rl {, N The Uп te d S tate s
,
к, п1 ш,}'q, а я п,
{-ш, ý,Ъ-1,
q rft
ý i
1 5 1

defeated lraq through air-attacks.

8!q{,ý]trl,qRlк,frýl fеаr & oppression В,qбГl,аr<,{ýтпrч,

ч Е
ы'Yfl '
ý(, Уý 1 air def ence ыl, &,i,1,"r,qq,l,Yч,ý(,ý-ý,аГ5,о,l, \,пqr,lбl,аЁlк,lq,{ч,fr,В,ýк,ý,trlJ Many slaves spend
their lives uпdеr the fear & oppression of their masters.
оQЕ,ý,ъ,g,*,tх<,dГ5,к,ilJ Russia too has ап air defence force
like that of the U.S.A.
q,Yк,пg,ак,ftl,ыЕ<,чВч,lчоl Seeing once is better than
а hundred hearings.

|z8 129
qт,Yч,ч{ч,оF*l Lit.: to lапсе the very centre of the boiУ there is will there are hundreds of ways to do а thing,
Sense implied: to point out the mistakes or short-coming
at the nose (ý,fl1,6,
..,\,{q,оГt,к,|,115.аr.аtа*.q.qч.Yч.l6кl.аýч.5<.п.i51 If т,6{{ý,ýl'цt to put а warning finger
someone's criticism rightly hits the target, then-it is known as ýчтq(ý,Ъ,q*,Е<,\*,q,еt{ý,ý5'ý('] I made а mistake in the
lancing the very сепtrе of the boil.
way I spoke fоr which he poinied а waming finger at mу
noSe.
q Ы'
11r'a Q|' ф ýI wholesome activiý ýк, g,5 aгK,q ц ý,q e,,iT]{,
аQlчк,!,нк,"гqВкl.tr.l(ш1 Good perýons are .qlways (,
1 negligence
and careless аlК'Т1ý<'аs,Вч,еq,
fl Ф(,Т5,ý] fr <'

engaged in the wholesome activity.

'^'('fl('6('т5'чфс'ч1.'а'ý.'I
It is not advisable to ье
negligent and careless iп whatever Hnd of work it may Ье,
qе''1У5'Еф,f {,| skillful qп,5ý1,},*к,1<,qq,пi,ft K,el<,FqK,!,ar{1
qЕl'ýl'зпt А sНllful
реrsоп can lead the people. Х<'
fr
1'Хх,' i11 indiff erenVinsensitive х<,
n5,!, ft
,q
п N,а1,1ча,

Ап insensitive реrsоп doesn't feel joy

ý1'\'Х<,п,З,L^{(,а1l
qб,t'Чfr('ýýl'fr11 careless and distraction оr impoliteness qЦ. and sоrrоw.

q&<,пqfi5.!.<<.аr.ff.В.ýl.тГчк.l Half of life is wasted in

carelessness and distraction, qs{,ý,lт1l,бКq,ыfi,тlк,а,,ýý{,цý^,i51 Lit.: А white wool
can Ье dyed in апу соlоЙ опЁ wants/ Sense implied: а
child сап Ье guided in апу direction
q'ý('ý5ýN'Ц| Lit.: to bang one's nose/ Sense implied: to Ье
disappointed and to get а lesson lп'ý('('Е<'\'1('ýВЕ.Ц.&ql
exhaustion of oil in а lamp/dying butter lamp
Р-<'пqlк,ff,аtrч ('?'ý(,ýýýý'{(,I Yesterday I went to his
tе''Зl't'{'аl
fth,ff,Вý,gш,я5,аrч,fr,пQq,ýЕ,i,Ек,Щк,аffп,i51 нumап life
home. I was disappointed. Не was not there.
slowly сйеs to ап end day Ьу day just like the exhaustion
of oil in а lamp.
g&q,g,X\K1 all sorts/varie ty ý'<,.{В.,пч,t, ill,у ft q, gXqK,
water into а leaкng
we see all sorts of cars and vehicles in the cities. {1.qпк.п{о.l.а,.Ф ýý]ý.ц! Lit.: pouring
аY<,аr,q\ý1
ч vl
vesseYpot/ SеrЁе implied: опе who doesn't,keep in mind
what is hеаrd frоm а tеасhеr; one of the three basic
Х'Кlк'ЯПк'Пg1 hundred ways/hundreds of means фN''тl.
faults of а l,istener
ч(,qч,ý5,Qа,qýЕ,{,dq,1lFlк,ячк,пg,чк,!к,6(<,1 Whеrе

1з0 131
{q'аQ'Т\'ПYч omissi,on and addition; to alter wherever

песеssаrу аý, f,а,а\,ч,{q,аQ,Т\,пYч,к] <,

1ф, п 1q,?,q",lч,
/.\
чF,dч*,чЕ.,] Please edit this article, maКng ommissions
and additions whеrечеr necessary.
ýl Ф'п1 miscarriage з l
ýк,ч,аlк,з lЧ'r,п,l,чщк,{r,ф5,

Sl'a'K'arrl Miscarriage is mоrе hаrmfчl to the health than

delivering а child.

rбrfi gTand-father and grand-mother {'бlк,ffFчЭ",

чqý'ý$'ýЗq'&'<'1 ТЬе grand_father and grand-mother went

fоr pilgTimage.

цч,rý,аt,:,ý{, фа,,qч,ý(,тон-.,{q,аil Lit.: TheTe is no

need to twist one's аrй around one's neck in оrdеr to
eat а ball of Tsampa/ Sense implied: uппесеssаrу effort.

1ЦЧ' ý' аl'Ц ! boundless оr inconceiveable },ш

h,{1,5KT1ý, а 5,о,

ýlк'япк's5'trgп1 The boundless оr inconceivable rауs of

the suп pervades ечецмhеrе.

Ье afraid ofl to shiver at the sight of

1кlq'qýыý'8.'о1^1 to
fearful qr,аrh,Fпlк,qа к,тlцн,ý,{<,5ка,аgпк,ý<,аlr,ýlк,

RIl Cowardly people lose their hеаrt and shiver at the

fearful sight.

5цq,({,Тцý,qЕl 1цq,({'ýъ*,{1I соurаgеоus, powerful

and dauntless fi <'i'8]'кr,g"r,ý,lка,б5ка,<r,п5".l,бl,к,Qп1,
tII King Gеsаr was а very courageous and dauntless wаrriоr.

l32 133
 бý.] we are extremely happy очеr уоur securing first
5(r{'Б'8('Ч strong/ durable and in good condition ill'а\'5' po-sition.
q,lцr{,Б,я(,баtrлl Right nodAt the moment this саr is in
good condition.
1Q'п:<'rлr'r.lýЕl to follow the good example 1i,пя<,dч,wr,
qýl,ЗlЕ,щý1бчк'!к'6Г<'! If опе follows the good example
Irl{'ýffЕ'qýшк'ýq publication and distribution {i'Э'ýl опе will паfurаllу become good.

{q,gч,< пк,lц\,ý q,.{ýar к,ýн,qq<,аlрlýк,iп1,1l тp<'RlPbe

fl
Tibetan Cultural'Printing Рrеss is the publisher
5ýа,,ýа,аý1,1<,Еqоfr,8.,q,зl Lit.: like ап еуе on очr
and
distributeг of the Political History of Tibet. i

forehead and the hеаrV Sense implied: the most

precious and the beloved опе lrýсд''п'&l'оёqб,тЧ,
lrla{,qý{,r{ýo{ll financial dealings/ fund raising Хц'ц'

к,5чш,аýr,аtr а{5,ч,аllпк'п'&q1 Businessmen аrе ехреrt in

q ar
{1,fr,Я<,ыft,lпо.l,пft,ft1,1.,Еч,оfr,8.,Е,з,i,ftql His
fund raising оr maКng mопеу. Holiness the Dalai Lama is like the еуе of forehead and the
hеаrt within every Tibetan.

У\' а g1 к' п fi Ч I economic development $оl'1пп'!'1к

о.'' rl ar'
1ц
Рк'К'fr'пý5l with great confidence and courag" Yq'fr'
аýr,а{пlк,пfr,Й,trоТq,пglк'п't5l Мапу factories аrе set
up fоr nation*al economic development. кы,ý{lк,{пк,к,i,пý1,3,ffq",g,чк,,1Qпк1 Thonmi
-
Sambhota had been to India with great courage and
confidence.
5кloJ'qýx,'ff(ý'Til wealth and resources K<K'gK'!'}-K, с\ ý.
Lit.: А horse-eating wolf cannot
ýчý,q\,Е,5пщ,аý<,{<к,ýt,аr<,п,*'3q,ц,ч{.'iф t According Э
fl<,l,q,:q,ýч,dк,ii,ац<'l
Ье satisfied with the carcase of а sheep/ Sense implied:
to Buddhism, опе needs to Ье gепеrоui in оrdеr to gain
wealth and rеsоurсеs. very gTeedy

ý.,th,q,*,tsк,пql,кк,ft,.Е1 It is of по use to teach

Iý('rJ.ЫlЫ'ОЧЦl to shoulder the responsibility equally Ц-5'
- Dharma to а wolf. THs рrочеrЬ is used when someone
ча,ql,аi,Fýý,ц,5Е.,ц 1 ll,Tq,ý,clýl1,1x<,K, а 1еr,п.! п,ýl,к,t 51 preaches dharma to ап unrecepient who doesn't listen.
Tibetan women shoulder the responsibility equally with their
mеп. 'Ч
active and smart <h,ý-lк,б],ý(,ýс,fi,rq,ýч,6q1
ý.'ý.'fi
- Му friend is very active and smart.
,ý5,п Ф,lпlа,
5а' ft '
ý5'к 1 extremely В5tц.,1.,бffl,ч,\r,<,Flа, ft

135
|з4
 rф
Дthough опе пчrfurеs а wolf_
-
ý.'ýЧ'ЧV*'Э.'ffВ'fr'Эql
cub, it сап not become а watch-dog.

g<,!,пз<,чl(,чl,аý,lq,.l{ч,аll Even if а wolf is very

- nice, а shephered is unlikely to listery' Sense implied: к,{q,lq,ý,!'<,бш1 з,q,{<,\,а(ш,зl Lit.: His father was
unreliablelhard to trust someone like а sandalwood bu[ he is like а hollow Ьаmьоо/ sense
implied: opposite of "like father, like son"
(

beneficial both to the individual and the

ýýr'Чi"'ЯЧl ('ýаt'ýý'qЕ1l а son following one's father's
socieý r<,\ч,аrк,аý1{!r,якl,пцо,q,ý,ý.,чЭк,lr,qаr,а]пк, traditiorVto
R]1 tf one реrfоrms one's duty sincerely, it is а contribution take the responsibiliý of one's father l'а.'\,ч6'q,хFк,r<,
to both oneself and one's socieý.
\,iт,оlq.,*.ý*.п Yq.q]E<.ý.K..gal.gK.aEq.ý t.o.r: t The youths
of today take the responsibility of their fathers Ьу рrеsегчiпg

{Rшк'аýа,п1 to bubble with

joy ýl,r<,а\,1r,Qпк,лч,{ their сulturе and tradition.

Rеrк,rп,q,аф'н,пh,<к,qк,зкlч,Q,а'g\'аf1l We аrе very

$l rd'ýl58.!'ý{'qeý]ý1 father's words imprinted оп their sons
pleasqd with уоur visit here and would like to thank you
whole-heartedly fоr the same. q,ýч5,ý.lq.Э5.Е.к.ý]lц.ý\.аеqк.8i<,1 If а son
listens to his
father, his words will Ье imprinted оп him.

('ýЧ'<Iý'ý'ýЧ'g'аll А bad father does not mеап а bad

Son.

{.ýЧ'lý'ý'V<'rЛ<'trК'<l'ЧR{' Дthough Ьrоthеrs Ьесоmе

-enemies, their lineage
is gold (рurе). This рrочеrЬ is
spoken to emphasise the importance of heritage and
lineage.

к.ýq'ф'ýI respecting blood relationship к'gч,O,аl,g<,п },п,r,t,

rпк,!,51к,&q1 It is а sign of good mаппеr to rеgаrd and

respect one's blood relationship.

tзб 1з7
гd,{4ý,ý,{ýý1 (,H,ý,rýý'I generations к,Е,g<пк,lк,пlкl,кi, being patient to each оthеr <,l<,Fкq,фq,
a,frl,gK,fr1,
"q,6q,ýц,ý-ч
\(,\,ý(,ц\1 ýg1,1ч,s,5аr,ýк,пlкl,п5(,ýý,il оYl,Ф,чЕ<,ý,l,Q,:ч,ч*,аltrаý1 It is very important for us
,o{i,oQq,ýýdJ,ý{,ýcl{iп,aJ,ar1 fi to cultivate Йutчаl patience for each other.
чqЕ'ý,ý(,{{t fr 1к,п<,пqкlк,

1,{q,ý,чк,dпк,бБ,friЕh,апк,<1,&q,чr,qfi,fr,а]
It
exiled
undoubtedly the result of our bad kаrmа to have Ьееп
from оur native land which has Ьееп оurs for mапу
generations due to the colonialism of communist china,
i1
r{Х,'1ýч'6{'1ýý] to сrеаtе dissension ft,.1,\*,ý.,к,dц,ш,кr,
1ýч,6{,iýý,п5к,&'<,1 That evil реrSоп created dissension
throughout the country.

кч,lq,я-ýl,ýчl] to listen and speak in а hidden mаппеr (\'Fч,6\,1ft ,5к,l<,ý{к

бх,'Ifi1 to blame опе another
r< {,tп1, el,

аЦl We regret putting blame оп опе апоthеr.

ý,Е1,( q,{qK,d1 к,
Kq,{1 к, {1 ý, \ Е.! 1, benefi t and help
{, к
fi Е,ц

rп,ýl,K,i11 Doctors help and benefit patients, ({,.{ýý,6{,aRýl mingle к,шdаrк,рп1,\,ft,qпrы,gч,пп,чiц,Э,

1пr,к r,аýк,{т,,аýк,Q,5ч,Вl,о,i lt The people of two

(1,R5,ý;{i'оq^] to hаrпr instead of benefit Дi'fr gп,ý", \, neighbouring countries living at the Ьоrdеr areas often
support of stupid mingle with опе апоthеr.
цпк,i,кq,fil,fil,аgr,ькlк,к,Of51 The
hаrm than benefit,
р".rо,l, sometimesBrings mоrе
rс{,ýý]ý,6\,qlч to ruп here and thеrе F<trlq,кQ,цпк,gF<,

(1,6Е,qцЕ,оý^] competition 31,ffкq,6Е,аlq,пgr'цпк'ql'ff ц,qilN,ý,аtч,п{q,trкr,gпlк,6r,qчк'Э5'.J'i5l During good

кЕ,ш5q,аr<,{й<,1 Тhеrе аrе mапу spectators to watch the
business the ЬuiiпеsЁ."r, -'i, hеrе and thеrе to acquire
supplies.
competing sportsman in games,
Кr'{Ш'ýl'ýк! offensive strategy 5(,qlqк,fi5,чr,пFаfi,q,
Kq'{q'Kl}K,Kq1 mutual benefit чqт*а-о,ý,,кдп,к!,кlфЕ, výrz
Kr'{o.''ý1'5K'ýq\'1ýN] Right from the beginning if опе
чЭ"'оq'ý'з'п'Qч'ill То teach others is а mutually beneficial wants to dtstrоу sоmеопе, apply the offensive strategy.
job.
r{{'qý4ýý'1<'6.'оt'Y<'t to have mапу travellerskoming
(q' FK,,xqK,d<,at,ocK q,ф1,1ч,{R,ё<, in and going out in hundreds qT,qпa:Ф,r,q,F<,ч,Kтa{r
61' 1ý]' х(' ] mutual respect
ýJý опе should cultivate mutual respect to all religions, Пg'1<'6r'аý''{'<'i11 ТЬеrе аrе hundreeds of trачеllеrs coming
in and going out at the Nagchukha Business Centre/market.

138 139
r{{,ý.н,6{,ýчI looýng eveTywhere
{Е.ti,1(.ýQ5.кт,.п,g.ýх,.
. future ккеl,ý{gяп1ý(,ý(,ý5(,л,5ft qк,оgч,Вq,{цп,gп,},аr,r1,1
чq,п<,бы,ý\| Don't look ечеrуwhеrе like а thief. If one is short sighted, опе саппоt fulfll one's bYg aims.

({,.{пý,{i{,qяýl to fight with опе another ý ý<'g<'o.1'Цý]'{'R('ý| Lit,: short sleeves with а long аrm/
ý,lýK,lK,Kff,E5,
Sense implied: shortage of funds fоr а big plan
чr,аяп,{r,аяп,ý5,!,а5ý Two dogs аrе fighting one апоthе(r
tr
fоr а bone.
g{К'Ыlа'ýк1 to flee up and down the valley 5,ýl,Bl,gi-K,
Kr'$'{r'Ф{ J а,l5а,ý-к,{<,qк,а}-<,Е'ft'а5п1 The thieves having fled up and
crediting and debiting 1ýaJ,|ý(,o{,r{<,ý'1,6.,aq,
down the valley, thБу аrе по where to Ье seen now.
ýý,еý,Т\,ýч,ý,si,чТчN,rо,fr,аtrч After crediting and
debiting in the bank, only Rs.60.00 is left as balance.
,Q<,рш
ýq' ýЕl'rч ý'<l
I excellent q,цаr!,g1, gа,Хlк,кft к Qq,i11
Heaven is ап excellent celestial abode.
({'q5{'6{,q5\l Lit.: sticking towards here and there/
Sense impПed: flattering оr leaning towards hеrе and
there i-1,ft
,5ý,ý(,qчqчк,!к,цпк,l,g,&,ш,к<,а5х,,цпк,i.i-5. зц,trýR,ýI the best Уа,&q,gн,trq<,п,\,аl,п{аrlvТп1 The best
artTcle won the prize.
ý_лА.
R,аr,{<,а5т,,ý5.!,а(.п,r51 А few silly Tibetans sometimes
lean towards the Chinese and at other times they lean
towards the Tibetans.
aТq'd'ý naughý and showy чЦ-тýа ý" ýQх,ц,d,бri('<1
During youthhood, опе mау Ье naughty and showy.

({'ýЧ5'6{'ýч1I to discuss one another чЕý,,6о.,,]h,{.,о", *,в'ча,Еч,<lх"ыlq,Е(,оtr ,Ф,l Lit.: А Ьrаче man's hеаrt
п.ql,ýх,,п.q5,ýi,q,оýч'\'t51 It would Ье alright to discuss one has а rооm for аrrоws and spears/ Sense implied: А
".another about this matter. Ьrаче mап can bear mапу difficulties.

ýgЧý'Ы5q'qlý'I to ruп all очеr the valley {q,атgqч",

бlКа' q'ыSчцl Ьrаче mап and fast horse 1пшк,!,5,ч,\,б

пl5а,gqк,ý5,кfi,5к,Fl,а{gч.rlt
, € i I$ It is waste of time to ruп all 5Ka,aгq,arSlK,K,aýý1 The hоrsеmеп of Kham wеrе чеry
ч,
очеr the valley without any рurроsе Ьrаче and their horses very swift.

бtrРl'а1] no difference in seйrresp,ective of sex IEl(ý'

g'8Ч'g('З('| short sighted/one who саппоt think much for
1fi,g"r,рп,q<,бilg1П1,!,ffqк,кк,l,а5,аrlаr,ýl,ч.t51 In а
democratic country, people work equally irrespective of sex.

140 I4|
бrп'ф-пl,ч\'q'ýý,ýч'v&-5l Lit.: А braveman's heart has а 3<'п'g аJlк'З5'о'а11 All people co-operate for their national
space for hundied horses to ruп through/ Sепsе implied: cauSe.
А Ьrачеmап сап bear mапу hardships.
,ф,аl,sы,g1 Lit.: to keep оrdiпаrу
1<,Sil,кi,{а,,цl
бrп,lts1,\,ffg*,**,боR.,оlýы,ý,{ы,пlх,,11аI
ý,qyyAýy
А tsampa in а Ьrосаdе bagl Sense implied: very showy
discussion with three mediocres woulil Ье better than although one is vey poor
an idea of а wiseman. The pToverb is used to emphasise
q с\
the imроrtапсе of discussion. ý, .- ý
$'gal'a'a.''cxlK1 foreign оr alien custom З,ýсr,,tj,Б(,Nа,щц,
,хlк,],q+к,п\,Тltsq,аГ5! The foreign mаrriаgе custom is
б{l,яеrк,бl,Еý1,ыlаг&q1 Шl, Дl crows аrе equally black. convenient.
Sense implied: Дl аrе equally guilty.

В'lц'**'q('5ý'зý'ry5т1а| Ап епеmу inside is mоrе difficult

б{l'а'ff'l1r'qы'ý1 Lit.: unitl а crow grоws white hair/ to subdue than an епеmу outside.
Sense implied: а time that will never соmе

3,бЗЦ very late g,ffпdl,ar,$,r,ý,Ta{'q,al'5,K,eгi51 Girls

rа.'ri.'1 single (man оr woman) rа.,rа<,\,flýý,ý,о.,ý,4l, should not go out late at night.

ý5'tr*'qo*'o\'бar5'i11 When опе is single it is very

ý. ý, 6\. ý \z
convenient to wоrk ý,tЛ'gтlк'i'q(,Ч'q{'ýJ Lit.: the outer fence and the iппеr
jeweV Sense inrplied: the most precious/everything tlgdJ'
3Ч'ýqЧ'5{("'{ql in accordance with а divinatio" Е.,\", q q у ýу q ýq G\ ý б v
ý,щ 5,ý q q,E {,ý,q,ý5,ц,я;l N,gý,э,з,t\l,gчN,{,ý(,Е(,ý!,Е{,ý,5,с^{ql
\ ý

зч,qчý,5{<к,{q.qпк.Rш.d<.аl.пцпч.{<.1 Не performed all His Holiness the Dalai Lama is the most precious to all
the rites iп ассоrdапсе with thetivination. Tibetans.

ЗЧ'аq'{q'qfrа1 to implement and materialise оr to succeed В,ч**,1о'чNо.,J Lit.: trапsраrепV Sense inrpПed: open
Fкlк,аtrr,{-к,F1пqq,ч,qшý,зý],frЕ.Ъ,аliн,df,<,пfi ,ý5,&q,к,r51 secret/known to ечеrуопе тllк,{ш,а\,},qкч,Е<,1каl,i11
The resolutions put up at the meeting were meant to Ье This news is krrown to ечеrу one.
implemented оr were to materialise the aim.
!E,Kfr,QK,1(,ýl,Ki,gal] Lit.: trace of а walk and an imprint
of digging/ а feat whether good оr bad
з{,ý,ý.{ýчч co-operative effort ч<,\,gа1,1пп,Э,{5,trХ.,о*,

|42 14з
qý1 ý'Tq'lNI frоm ечеrу direction ч(ý,85,ýrчк,ý1,|к,&,еr<, {q,аткчýч,шfrпlк,пg<,ýlп,ýl,кi,"rNl It is an act of madness
to Ье deeply iealous of and sfuЬЬоrп to someone without any
{пýпк,аtrЧ Мапу people have соmе to Gangkyi frоm rеаýоп.
ечеqrwhеrе.
l
З'Q<'К'П1 precise, iп every detail пllк,{аrа],{.,$G.,gт.,ш
3ч",оlЕq,qNI on the other hand $-qк,пlЗl,qк,аr,чк,51q.<q.
t пYк,з<, $-q к, ч q q. q q. бý.. dГ1 I о n th е оп е h an d
q ý. к q.}-1 к. Е q.
Q"'tr:t I know in every detail about this mаttеr.

the rаiп creates trоuЬlе and оп theý other hand it is very

helpful also. К'Ф'КЕ'ýI а little bit [<,\к,<,*rЕ{l,1оJ,кl,ý,Y{]ý,ý(] не
helped mе а little bit.

ýlк'пQ,еldе,N,ýý5I Lit.: the fоur directions and the eight

sub-diTections/ Sense implied: frоm all directions glh'5'аE-l'rл'ы1 Lit.: children сrу to their раrепts/ Sense
ýý implied: upon whom one is relied,/upon whom requests
яýч,lпr,t п ч. g.}-1к.пQ. d al к.п g 5.!.ft .а{ш к.а At the аrе to Ье made
trч
ш
Е.q
Kalacakre Initiation, people gathered from all direitions.

.{зх,,.{ý\.ý!(..ýI to ruЬ ftпl.аgr.азr.6i.чЪ.1 Don't ruЬ уоur

ýlK'KK'qa'ýatl Victorious/ victory frоm all directions {п. eyes.

5{q,Fк,lпlк.аr.}-1к.нк.qш.9аr.ý.5{к.gп,Yп1 Acharya
Dharmakrti won the accomplishment of victory fгоm all r{з'dJ1'1а{.{'аQпк1 disparage, to say low of somebody
directions.
ý]qЕ,ц,qз,щ5,1аr а,аiп K,qп,ulK,q{<'ft 'ъ('1 Опе should печеr
disparage others.
ý'ЫY<'В'.QШ| Lit.: nragnifying glass that епlаrgеs small
things/ Sense inrplied : пriсrоsсоре п}'<'Б ýаr,ý,азч,ак,ч, 3.,бýl'
3' r{
ýц,з{1 N,ýlý*,nl^ l tеmроrаrу and ultimaf g ý ý eI'ý'ý
пýq,qк.п.пh.аg.ýq.qеlк.{к.аЕl.ýlgп1 with the help of а Kt'a3o.1'gTlK'q}K'lr'KE'ч'&11 Generating good-heart is
microscopic machine, the invisible insects аrе identified.
beneficial temporarily and ultimately.

к,ы,5ýl,ý-{.! slander. к,ш,iýq,ý<,ýl,ч.Qкi.кR'q| The act of qКа!'ýl'а'еrТql to guide for future д,аri,еltrq,trака,,ýЕ,flIБl,
slапdеr is а саusе of поп-чirtuе.
{q'0'""1o'a-o'q'ý\'ýý\l I аррrоасhеd the spiritual teacher for
tеmроrаry and ultimate guidance.
КЧ'{Ч'ШЕчý'ý€('I to Ье deeply in jealous of and stubborn

144 145
 \\výý
qýсr''KioJ'N'ý6Nl to take it чеrу easy
rл<,аQн,Rо.l,д,пFк,5,g,frýJ
a.lK,ýq,q<,a5,qц,oi1,1,

one should not take it very easy

rr\
whatever the Knd ofbork it might Ье.
п,ffl5r,пý'iтl,ЕvlЧ Lit.: to feed cow during winter for
,.r-rn", йil<Z S".rre implied: to think от рrераrе in
advance

ý,цý1,rJ,оJN,п{к,к,lп,lаl Lit.: It is better to milk а cow than

to kill hеr/ Sense implied: to make use of sometЫng
without harming the other/ to think for the long ruп,

пl'аГ1'{аrыgq1 careful and modest ý,Flк,q<,trпq,аt1,{аг

Б,зq,Эl,Б,Fq,Хч,пlr,!,Ъ-п,п,i11 The саrеful and the modest
persons аrе respected in а socieý.

пr,ý,ft,1<,еrdык,!{ Lit.: witness and а Tock that marks

ihe Ьоuпdаrу/ Sense implied: witness and boundary liпе
,1<,п
dы K,}{J,eq,K,a |] Britain is а
iВq,Ёi,g,ri,5пч,ý,п<,ý,ft
witlress like а boundary line Ьемееп Tibet and china,

g fr-q,ýк,trп,lаl1 to Ье in great debt g,trl,ýк,trп,ъq,,э(,5,ý(,

g',Tq'aq'ý'atrЧ Although he is in great debt, still he is
taking loans.

gtrl'ý'l5а,ы1 mortgage 5tro,r,gtrq,aq,fl ýý,ч1,1,аl,qR<,аЕ1,

iфr То ask for а lоап опе has to keep gold as mortga8e,

al'n1, ql,YK] to waste ý<,\к,trк,F5,ПlR1,65,Yк,ч{,,\,о,аrl

Не will not waste time.

|4,7
l46
a{Yi'ýr'o]1 convenient to use f,
a,ýýl,],F&q,dlч,ai,Tt,3:.
п],rQ,51,а(,l11 Batt point pens аrе чеry сопчепiепt to use
in the examinations.
\ý
ý('ý'ЧК'{'1ДЧýl
Lit.: to consider а donkey worth а gold/
Sense implied: to give great rеgаrds to а humble реrsоп
ý5,qк,<,ч,i-<,п,lýr,lЪlк.!.6к.tr а.а{п1.1q<.п <.ýчý.а.аl
Thank уоu чеry much for уоur КЙd consideration (toward
me).
{.,ý оЦ-1,1к,{<,з,аКшt Lit.: to search for the donkey опе
is riding оп/ foolishness/ Sense implied: sfupidity
Ё-<,зft,р,qк,lRr,пбп1fuаГ*,I Lit.: А donkey will печеr
vomit gold/ SеЙе implied: impossible expectation
{<'gк'ш'п{5,аtы'с{к('Ц('l Тhеrе аrе mапу passes whеrе
donkeys have поt crossed (sarcastic rеmаrk). This
рrочеrЬ is used to point out someone's паrrоw
scholarship.
Ц'1,1,пк,аg<,1 g,ftк,кк,qg(,I Tibetans аrе overly
hopeful and the Chnese аrе overly suspicious. This is
used to €хрrеss that Tibetans аrе always hopeful and
Chinese аrе always suspicious of something.
Ц.1,g,пg,пфN,lý,q,lЗlfr,аgп1 ý.g.чtsч.ýýо*.Е*.q.
ýS'qýýI Indians meditate uроп one deity and actualize
а hundred deities whereas Tibetans meditate on а
hundred deities but do not actualise even опе deity.
148
Э'lЧq'ЧЭ(к'пY51 to honour with award aý,Sel,aqK,.!-K,x,
з,lкlа,lЭ<к'пY5,sоrl The best article was awarded.
з,{i,{ч",ý<,qfft,зJ Lit.: Even if а vulture is starving it
will never eat grееп grass./ Sense implied: to express
that one will печеr do
ý,ý9,ъ\{чВ1,\к,\1,ч1 Lit.: One hundred birds ,driven
away Ьу one sling shoV Sense implied: а rule that binds
all people
з,qч,\,frq,а.1,5,11r,н,{1 Lit.: shadow of black birds
falling оп white birds/ Sense implied: bad influence
5,бfrl'кr,Ц'<,3к,qы,Кl'оЕЕ1 In the absense of а cock, а
donkey would herald the dawn.
З'ý'Fаtý'аЕ'Ц а task of serious паturе (negative)/ а
disastrous work 5'п'ý<'рпк,S5,б\,а5,ш,ý51 аlý,..{ýý,к,щ,
о{ý,r{ýý'зýI Don't do such а disastrous wоrk, the karmic
result is subtle and profound.
з'Эq'l'Эql Lit.: catching bir,ds and fish/ Sense implied: to do
something in an unsystemetic way/ to touch mапу
works at а time
З,*,ч}i,sч,g<,Т,Y,rft5,а.l,аф-r,а ф-rt Lit. : Even when cat is
asleep, it thinks of (catching) rats.
l49
 to interfere other's business qqq,ý,HK,lr,gK,
ýý'al'ýý'afi1 a'q'a5'.JI supreme/ unsurpassa}tg ý(ý'ýN'qак.щ.д.q.filчfr.
fr5,зк,аfi,5ч,q,rлqба,i5] It is поt good to iпtеrfеrе in ev
tцЕ,51,цl5,ц'<]| Buddhas have чпsuцраssаЬlе knowledge.
оthЁls work
-\

Д'Ш'1!-1'ШF1 honesY very saintly/ one of the fоur objects

ý'ы'6 &ш'q'g1 Lit.: Like sand absorbing water/ Sense
implied: to disарреаr of refuge/ naive ft,а\,д,ш,l{q,шF1,1Зl8i'l,ч,t51 This mап
is very saintly, honest and naive.

ýi'о{ч'г,i likely to do/ active оr smart ft,к,\,аlк,l,ý5,ilТч,

ý,
et ý, {, ý ý }-п1, к r, q ý, ý, g. ы. п g к. ft Fт1. ч. (. ft q
.
е,
1, }, 1 а 1 Е.
5,бlЗlаtrч
I
That mап is likely to do а job. If а Lama can kill а goat Йhу can't а disciple make
sausage(questioning someone with sarcastic rеmаrk).

ýl,ý1,€1,{\ J to scratch а,,ý5,ý5,t5,t5,ý5<,q,tы,rл<,5к1,\,аr,R11 rz с\ А.

If wound is scratched, it won't get healed.
ý'flý'5'5аl'БЧ the spiritual commitment between а
teacher and his disciple д,ffо,Э,lо,tsqФqк,чч,пý('i{'"t
ýE'lЙi'ýl'ýt*'ill exploitation of servants 5{q,<5,qarK,Э*,зq, опе needs to оьsеrче the spirifual commitment Ьейееп а
tеасhеr and his disciple.
1аfl,я,цч,|5'Вl,о'itl Bad masters exploit their servants.

а.'{r'F'}q| What is to Ье ctlltiynlg4 and eliminated, what

ýн,п,{п,qiý1 iп а rush and hurrу ýсх'п'фП'{П"<<'ОГЕ5'<<'ЗЧ'
Being iп rush I forgot to meet you.
is beneficial and detrimental qш,5ý5,df5,q,а<,{ч,F,}q.ш.
Q'оi5'{.'l t.{Е.о.l,ý,ý]qR'5пlк1 If опе is wise,
should not make mistake
опе
with rеgаrd to what is beneficial and what is detrimental, and
д,аýr'{q,Yr] shocked and losing one's spiгit ý'Т*'Gl't.,аs, what should Ье cultivated оr eliminated.
q,д,аýr,fi,I'r,атlк,чh,}1'5'dГ51 lf уоu sсаrе children there is
з danger of their getting shocked and losing spirit.
aк.,{^,*o,YqI guidance r<,\,к,а1,1<,lý,Еq,ý",д<,{r,шаr,!-q.

чq<,\,rtl Опе's teachers апd раrепts will give guidance.

д'Вq'ft'ý11 religious and political heads/ dignitaries Tl,ýa,
8q,1<,&,Еq,qшк,еr5q,бdf,5,ч'i51 The religious and political
а fool's sincerity g1,{K,sK,бýl,g<,KqбqK,arK,
heads wеrе friendly with опе апоthеr in Tibet. ý{'{S<'Пqi|
п1!.1'к,а,п,ýо.гý11 А fool's sincerity might рrоче mоrе
detrimental than beneficial.

150
15l
 о\Е1 raitr,rur and caring .,*,fflп].,l<,п]Е,ý,{qк,б ýчll'ft.,пYо.l1 to епtrчst with futl faith q<,ч,&q,q,l1-q,rlГч.
ffln1^' ý<,,

qtqчк'filJ ý]ýа,,щ,Тч55,fr<,пYаl,qq.'i{*l If one is а Buddhist one must

I have only опе faithful and caring friend.
entrust the triple gem(s) whole heartedly.

fftl^'dl'fr|1 extrmely good hearted f11l,dl,а5,!,ft,qшк,ft, ý'пqq'аgr'П11 firm and чпсhапgiцg mind/ faithful (,о.,,r
Вh'1<'ý1{6f,r'\'r51 Extremely good hearted реrsопs will Ье I have just опе faithful
happy in thеir life. ;i{.lч{,а1}ý-lv{3Зqпvi51

ff UЧ' Fi' Ц de ciiive/ determined Q,Fа,ý,q п к, g ff ч,Г1баГ11

ýi55,RыK,5Tl{] good апd kind hearted fllr,RalN,l1{,ý,
ft'qШК'ý5'ббГ<'пr'.!'q Мау good and Knd hearted реrsопs
rлl,бi51 It is better to Ье decisive when опе has been
Ье happy!
lingering in doubt.

ff п-ч, а, о 8 \] with соurаgе 5т1.1,(*t,ч

(,5(,,lK
1,э('ffЕч'а'кý1' f; Я1' t1' |'| resoluteness/ determinatiory' to Ье conrpletely
п s

needs to реrfоrm work with determined tл,fr'i'lп'к'ýlЕч'ýl,ýбтqк,dГ<,к,&q1 I саmе to

0'ffq"'зч'*ý'чЕ('1фl One the united states with full resoluteness.
соurаgе, despite all Hnds of difficulties.

ffП'3'ЧtЧ single minded ý'п,3,чtч,\,ft,qеrк,!,пкil,{q,ý{ ý{Пj'Пl'аПý] relaxed and Ье at ease g,кlч,о.l,пýп,5,Д'пi,пч,

Qпк,ýl,qк'пцi'Гч'\'ilt We сап rеlах and Ье at ease when
ýК'аgП'!'R|! People with single mindedness will accomplish
we rеасh India.
their aims.

r/ \ý,у
Н'g' Б' q., l scope of attitude aq,Eq,$,YK,1<,ia15 ш а,ý,tsк,q er к, ýOi'Ц'{il peaceful and rеlахеd Вт..,оi,ъ,ý'п]:Q,ф-l,ý5,qк,
ýqЧN'tý{l Yоu can stay hеrе in реасе and relax.
чýаl'5'ýlg'а'е.,\,ff q*'чý(N'аi-i1 М ahayana and Нiпауапа
Buddhism have Ьееп taught according to disciple's scope of
intellect and attitude.
ýiа5к,п{5'ýФ| inconceivable and inexpressible {.,}i Э{т
,каr,кк,ffоJý,rrlN,ц'5(,п{5,к,чк,5аl,п,l11
\,ft The meaning of
f;lЗqRык'lЗ1 опе thought and one цind ýза,d,,чi*,tr
emptiness is inconceivable and inexpressible to ordinary
beings.
\,fflЗq,ýпк,оlВч,Е.,оQЕ,а"r,{аtrч That couple is very close
as if they have been опе thought and опе mind.

|52 153
ý'т,з.,оl mentally short-sighted ýlх,g<,пff,ft,Fк,аr,{с.ц,цh,
" wisdom пдQк.чтlк.<h.ýr{lк.ý-к.{qк.&q1 Мr. Tashi is
fi'tro"o'5o1o'gп'!'a't51 А mentally short-sighted person my friend with whom I seek advice and
cannot think fоr the future.

бЧ * *' q'ч {q 1 yo""g inteПecfu al ]

<, к <,Ц-l,qч, ýч* *,q,otЦ-q,
ffКШ'еl'ýl sadness and unhappy (r{,ýо{чк,фlк,чft,пlqк,
аr<,бriГ<,\'аtrЧ Мапу young intellecfuals аrе coming frоm
{аr{"!'fкш'Q'rч'ý'з.'1 We wеrе very sad and unhappy to Tibet these days.
hеаr the passing awiy of очr paternal uncle.

f;RarK,lB1,oý*I unity/ integrity П-1ft,FvffешvlЗqtr.

ý?ПП'&1'ý1! to рrеfеr оr like Е.,fi,lЦ,qq,ч,ýпп,&1ýq,g<1 пýш'lк,g,ft,н,{ф,5к,ч,l11 Tibetans unitedly fought against
I рrеfеr their teacher to Ье ours.
the chinese invasion.

R'tо,3,чЭ"| two pointed minds/ wavering пп,З"чЭк,Ец,rrЕа,

ý?RШк'ý'lВq concentrated mind/ single minded ýlешк'},
gft,iп1 ý'3,1iк,!к,$'ft'аgп1 А needle with two points
cannot stitch and а mind with м,о points cannot fulfill aims.
q\,\,1 к,ftq.5к.q.цп.ч.нп1tr.trq.ý.R51 tr one practises with
ar

а concentrated miпdъпе will achieve the goal of realization.

ff3'ЧtsЧ'ыgq1 like minded,/ соmmоп in ideology Ё'З,оlВот

ý3каl,ап,l,п]1 wise and dextero,r, .i,ý,\,ýlкн,б5<,",ч,Т
elgq,ý,ft,qarK,elgq,ббГ5't]| People with the same ideology аrе
П]'баГ11 Му son is intellegent and dexterous.
friепdlу.

i/ ýr.
ý'aHq'ýr'g(N] practising mеmоrйаtiоп and recitation т'ý' ý1{5'ПlаПК1 comfortable/ relaxed and content g'пlч'tr'П-5,
С\ уу
il,qilý,Д,g5'ýч'(ýN'5ý'qý'ý$Чý.qýЧ
Fк,р,а{q,ýiаЕЕ,5<,{<,fl<к,G,rч,чq.,\,rrt Monks practise Tibetans in India аrе
living соmfоrtаЬlу.
а lot in memorization and recitation of рrауеrs.

ffл.*,Еч,чýфl broad minded and open .'П'Цý'ýЕЧ' 5ý(,ql,ýdq,ч5ыl а dictatorial соmmапй to scold harshly
rл<к,аrýl,кцкч'п,Qq,&11 Оur boss is ореп and Ьrоаd- <,\,qdfl,бш,5тl,tr,lп <,Qr,пsq,q5ы.ý5,ч,t11
ý5,о5q.q,оч,r
Bad masters always dictate and scold their servants.
minded.

ý'{1K'{K'{1*I а friend with whom one seeks advice and 1ýф'rlýф's('т very poor/impoverished w,Q,Rр!,g..1,1вп,

5gагбlgч,gо'Qч'rlt Africa is an impoverished country.

154
l55
 to equalize the rich and the рооr r{Цl'ý'ýý'ýч hundreds of attempts/ tremendous effort ft'
1gЯ'gЧ'аВl'Ф"l tr-5,},
Q\ У\\ q У е {
gч, з ч,.l ltr5, Ф N, щ q, ч ý tJ, ч q., {.' о' i 1 !
чi.у
g *l, ff ц,i, п {q, {к,
1
ýý,{Е,{,t,i,(.{ý1,(t,ýs,кч,ч,ý,tý,l1,1(,qтý,ýr,lчNI We
Muni Tsanpo, а Kng oJ Tib"t, distributed the wealth of his should make this precious human life meaningful through
subjects thгее times equally for them. tremendous effort.

с{ýl'r{ýl'ý('tr('I to make effort with difficulty к'sl'lБl'Ф('

!ýfl'qЧ'ý{'ýll the gap between the haves and the have_
nots g,qr,1<,ft,Н(,5ýq,,зч,5ý<,пч,51,ýq,{6Г51 Тhеrе is а qarK,!,r<,fi,glhý,traп1,..{ýl,ý(,ý(,ýT!,all The рооr
vast gap in India between*the haves and the have-nots. parents make every effort for their children.

strikerr/ рооr and down trоddеп

qý5'аl'ýl'ýý1 effortlessly and spontaneously к<к,gч,!,
1ýф'б(ý'lЫ'Яý] poverty
<,хч,Тl,Ук,lgш,й-<к,1 аr,ятl,ч,к qбч*,З5,Е,ч,qr,ш qббf,I, еr(5'ч'аQq'о.rк'qшк'апl,fr 1ý{gп,.q,ga,t11 arr the activities of
х
,
ft
а Buddha аrе effortless and spontaneous.
i|1 How nice it would Ье if the riсh families help the рооr
families. ак
1'
П Sl'fi ' &
11
unf ailing ef f ort М,$,",,ао 1,п Yq,{i, а r, З q,
r,

qtý'qýý'цlý'{'щ('П'{1l
yyq\
If studied with unfailing effort, there
1ýЧ'r.!'аý'ý('] Lit.: to flatten with а sticV Sense inrplied:
ýзrIl
will Ье good results.
to suppress equally g'fri,lrrq,hк,П-l,ft,F< 5хк1ч,ап,5к,\,
qýr{'l'q,ý{'а,т protruding/bumpy/ uпечеп к'а'апr'i'а3r'
еrqr,lYl'п5<'к'i1] All Tibetans have equally Ьееп suppressed
Ьу the Chinese аrmу. t,!<,trlпк,ч,gп1gаrк,д,бш,i51 It is not easy to сопstruсt а
house on а bum-py land.

nreans of divisive
l3q'Y^'lЗЧ*'Ч.'1 maНng division Ьу cr q o.1, rt,.{ i'o.1, fr
1 sof t and spongy qlq'a
п н',i'аЦ'r.l' а'ý <'
tr
Tli5'
talk фк,бп gq,ббГ5,1,*.,1ýq,ý*,rýч",i.,\,1п <,tr {K,q,ar,
ýЧ'fl'ý'6r5! It is easier to sleep on soft and spongy
ш3q'ч'аlК'}q'аГ11 Ir очеr-роwеrеd Ьу divisive talk there is а mattresses.
danger of even close friends becoming unfriendly.
agБK'q<'YK] Lit.: big worms eating small ones/ Sense
апq'ý'аýПl'ý something that is not clear/ to whisper
implied: exploitatioйmperialism а(ш,fi <,q<,gк,lап,В,п,п<,
<<ý
F1 ч, а аЕqк,ч h,qп к,gпlа, il*гапт1,\,озч,Ц,чq<,1,схl,б&,
tr {к,9к,рп,6(,ý,qilý,агс{glк,6<,Yк,ý5,},а(,к,i1| Мапу big
ОýОl It is not good to whisper while the meeting is being nations of the wоrld exploit the smaller ones, just as big
held. wоппs eating the smaller ones.

156 \57
 v\ qý{q'rrЧа''fr11 to stick to the points of resolution/ without
Lit.: brandishin8 ап ахе to kill ап
'{ýчýl'Ц{'q'{''r5{'ý|
iпsесV Sense impПed: unnecessary tоrfurе 1аl'6('а''ýý('Ц' violating the woTds (agreement) пls<'Ц'щк,ýlqаtý,чq(,
с\v
!'rlgqRГ5'чr'g'i'a3r'K'<<'l11 Beating the рооr and down fiаrк'а351'аqч'а5'Пц<'1{к1 Government officials need to
trodden is to brandish ап ахе to kill an insect. оЬsепrе the rules of the goverment strictly.

qý,чV5,<lх"g,i,азr,ft,iфr Тhеrе is no need to brandish ,,lý,gq,&ý,Ф,{чý,ýsý'ЦJ to build'a dam out of grаiп husks
an ахе in оrdеr to kill an insect_
insect.
}ff zere {ч,Ц-1,}ьтýт}чqvg.кftаз хlýк,ý{чý'ý9ý'
ч,q<,пýq,аqк,6Г11 In 1959, the political condition of Tibet was
aiq'frl'ellq'aaE1 to shoot arrows without а target 5ftlц' like that of а dam built with grain husk
цч,fr 5,чr,шк,l,ý5,кt,яiq,fr 1,чr.а 1а.аQq.к.5<.пlЗq.к.i51 тпе
wоrk without aim is sапrе as shooting without а target. аýý,ы{цш,ыg1 Lit.: а dragon's head with the tail of а
snake/ Sense implied: great beginning and рооr end d5'
аRагаRоl,gпl,чч l" abundance B,a,51o,*,o,q,&,tr,,xgaRH, пh,чк,l,аr <,а,п,азч, rl {:ý.J,sl зч,Е,ý,аrЪ-<'\'аlч I see most of
ааш,gлl,ýч,rj(,к,i51 Apples аrе abundant in Manali in the Tibetan works grеаЁiп the beginning and рооr at the
SерtеmЬеr. end.

а Yr,ф, Х, {l Ь о а s t f u] ý, g ш, q к, riГ<, к h, F<, к,], Fa dr,ф, х, П\, 5п1 а{<,пкl,кý,ы,d1,(,Еlh,i.,{ч Lit.: not onty did he kill а
ОýЧ The businessman coming frоm аЬrоаd countries аrе wild dееr but he made а flag with its taiУ Sense implied:
very boastful. to Ье extremely disrespectf ul [к,цеl,ýdý,ц ý,al,d1,5,tr<,{ш,
ý,оýч а\ý,аý<,пк5,ц,еl,д1,(,а!h,5r,{1,пýlк,к,r<,i11 Not
qýN'ý'ýlq,I\'ý':'ýl
\ \9 l\э { rich harvest I'ffа<'ч'п<'бпп'dч'{q'}-q'
|
only did he boast of it which is iust like not only Klling а
уqл wild deer but maНng а flag out of its tail.
чýх,,ý з,ý'Ц<,ч,{1I This уеаr it rаiпеd heavily therefore there
will Ье а rich harvest.
\r\ ý. \ Y<\
flа,,ц,ý,ыП,чЭ<,Е*,ý,п] qR,lп<,fr,ýq,ф,il,чNqI Lit.:
qýý'ý'RЕ'('ý'а''ý('ýI ripe fruit falling on The frog's croak from the bottom of ап осеап is not
the ground anK'
heard Ьу the king of gods/ Sense implied: An officer in
g,ýq,к,к,ч,g<,п,qпк,ýgк,=,\,rll The riре fruit fallerr оп the the Hgh post cannot understand the problems of down
ground will Ье eaten Ьу birds. trodden

158 159
 r/ý.ý
fiý'El,ýa{,ýatl Lit.: rolling laugh/ Sense implied: to roar Senseimplied:Thedisputemustbesettledwithinthe
with laughter а1 5dq,\,K п,{-l,i*rýш.1 parties.
5.
Г.ф.{<. t The chief
of the bandits rоаrеd with laughter,
Squeeze а snake you will see
flа!.ýЪ\.q.щq.оJ{,l Lit.: If you
ý its hand/ sense implied: If you interogate а person уоu
нdl'ц.Е.,}-('1v{<,ffК(vývl1l Lit. : compared to frogs а '
tadpole is а Buddha/ Sense implied: comparatively he is will see Hs true паturе.
as iппосепt as а Buddha.

packed/по rооm <,fi,аЕq,ggfl.ýп{лl.rQ.5д.1.

ýо[ýо'{ч,{i
ОýЧ Оur class is fully packed.

{1'Ц'a{'fl'}'ut<'all,Kh,f,1 Дthough the bellows rоаr

- loudly, they аrе uпdеr the сопtrоl of the hand.

ý('оУq'чЧ<'}q1 ttro.ough training E(,\ý,5{q,K,qK,5a,a,g<,

пУq,чЭс,Вq,п,lqч.п.t51 Не did thorough study of the
religious texts frоm the monastery.

$'5{К'QК'Чýs'I the thrее: the preparation, the actual

session and the conclusion <ý.ý а! ý.пýтЭ.ý<.l{я.iк.чýц.
fr-o,$,5",o'&q1 t st,raied the preparation, actual session and
conclusion of the generation of boddhicitta.

If оr," knows pharmocology ечеп

Уr,i",q,trч,g(,flЕ,ф,r{{
poisons сап Ье used as medicine.

Lit.: the coiled up snake unwinds itselfl

ýа''ыýl'ýа''ý.qт

160 161
 а,,1чг{,glYф1 treating someone like god though you don't
,

/ф like him Q<'зq'ща'ýчк,!,qпк,gýq,п5q,<q,ч,Fш,T

п< K,ft

&r,qшк,!к,аr,5кlа,g{ш31'о'а1l During feudalism the bad

feudal lords were treated like gods Ьу their subjects although
N'ýta''5('ý(ýI 5('ý'аЕ.ч чоluпtаrу/ taken up without they did not like them.
being asked fоr ý<'6п,&аrк,ч,qаrк,!ý.а,"ýцоl.1(.д(ý.}1l.чqt.

Tq'ýl'o'r:l Boddhisattvas work fоr others' benefit without N'r.{frqý'et'rdaкTl

{| \9
lacking somewhere/ short coming/
l

being asked fоr.

opposite of quite О.К. нк,l,а\,&,ЕlýЕ<,ш,аýчý,ц,gý,ц,
о<''^r<'ft'аtrч Не is quite о.К for this wоrk.
а,,ýtф,{(,rýI self-motivated/ without being asked but
with interest ýп,gqrлq,{Хк.аr.пцаr.r<.fкф,fп.У..чq..\. ы,l.{f{(,r{{ .о choice Ьut to go 1ff<,Yl,тк.еl,ýч,[,6{,qt'{(,
rll Good students do their study without having to Ье
This уеаr I have по choice but to go to Tibet to see
exhorted. 'rt'&ql
mу рагепtS.

{ v
Б,t,ч,6.,яN,аt1,.'I to everyone's knowledge/ Тhеrе
is по rооm s{,г{frчN,{к.,qýчý] had to Ье satisfied with д,п,н,il,а,ý-\,tr
fоr conrplaining, "I haven't heard'' 5ý.аlq.аq.ilк.чýqý. Вп1{"к,яаr,т],еl,аýпlк,r<,аftlк,l<'t51 One has to Ье
ýýчý,r,,ilа,,Ъ-к,fr5,ч,с15<.iГ<.1 The Headmaster made the satisfied with а monthly salary of опе thousand rupees.
аппоuпсеmепt to everyone's knowledge.

N'ýýlý'tq'ýýI spontaneously accomp}ished without

ег{к'пчаl'ч,ltsl'ыg1| unanimous / coscensus without dq,еl,п a<,бa\,q п к, еr,пýчN,
рrеапапgеmепt ýчý,1(,еr gq,ýý,
having discussion .d<.al
к.ш.{к.пк
ý 5'аЕq,qк<.к.\.аl,цш.ft al. All these good signs аrоsе spontaneously without
ý A_z ýa,{a,I
к,тlвпl.аgq,ý.ý.Ек.5пlа.пý,ýк.ч.i51 The new president was рrеаrrапgеmепt.
uпапimоuslу welcomed Ьу all the citizens without discussion.

е''ý{('Ъl по choice but to weep ýr..{\,аr'l1а,<ч,п<,бап5,],

а,,1чrl,q,qЕЕI bearing а grudge кq.ýq.ш.5тlа.q.аЕq.ý5.ч.gЧ. al'ý\('ý'<('alK'{<'1 She faced many рrоЬеms which made
пца $ q i5t То Ьеаr а grudge against опе another is а cause hеr breakdown and weep helplessly.
ot suttering.

163
162
Ш'а{q'аЕq'Ыfi claiming capable of doing something 1q,пYк,ýlg,пч,бi1l It is difficult to соrrесt the wrопg
although noУfalse claim аr,аFq'аЕq,ш{ч,чq.,q,*ч,ба,i51 usages thatiave been coming through the ages unless special
attention is given to them.
It is not good to make а false claim as if one сап do it.

ет,пil,ý<,пs<к1 not to forget but to keep in the hearVto е''ýlЧ'ýlý]'ýё('I false claim of ownership g'fr к,d1,],s,,ýlч,
ý5ч'ý€('ýý'К'151 Cbina seized Tibet and made false claim of
keep in mind аЕl'цfr,q<,о.l,кдпк,ч,qеlк,аl,пi5,ýс,,пs<к,lq<,
hеr ownership.
5ф1 Опе should keep in mind what is taught in the class.

sj,qý],Еч,ф,ý,lт]{,Iтl{,frч1 Lit.: А black mоthеr giving birth

Ы'9q'{('1Еt по choice but to listen п'q{5,q,r^l<,5{q,fr,ý,тJr{,щ, to а white son./ SеЙе impПed: А non-virtuous mother
п,lq,r<,11,i]! Опе has to listen to the leader/s оrdеr ечеп if gives birth to а virtuous sоп.
опе does not want to.
а1,1Q,l{к,пlqvЗтЕ,
ш'1 Q' 1{к'ч Е
ý' 5ý, 5] actually/ in reality
Ш'}к'р'1 ЙГlýl to blame r<,\,{.,,аg".l,qqq,ш,а,}к,р,lйqк,ý1.1: ('ý'l'ý5's'i5l Ll
Actually, I was supposed to Ьесоmе а mопk
q\у\
цч,ц,аq,(,{5l It is а big negavity to blame others fоr one's
own mistake. а!'ф('{('ф('l по choice but to wake up *о'Эq'.'ц'{il,аt(,\(,
*a'&1] Тоmогrоw I have to wake up еаrlу in the moming.
o'ol{.'^.'ol{^l по choice but to demolish еl,{*,g<,\,пlа,
ш,пýq,qк,g,lп<, <,бш,тlfi .r
ш <.кlf<.апlк.ч.i51 They had to ш,}'пп<'пц('I Lit.: as often as Mani ( а mantra) is reciteф
llll
demolish mапу temples at the оrdеr of Мr. Мао.
Sense implied: continuously, mапу and repetitions ý{'

ы,fiкr,tr1,{п1 what is not understood and wrопg о.l1к,!к,<,Fагпlа,пfq,аr?,оý.,оý.'ч1.'ý.'l Оur teacher

scolded us continuously like reciting mani.
сопсе р tio n ш,{ч к,{ч {ч,qYs,к,ш.}-<.ч.il.п ф.lф.l.& q1
то dispel wrопg understanding and to understand that
which is not understood, one needs to meditate оп enrptiness. ш,},l<,\vft,о{q,q,R.,ý,чqq,Ф,t'lt If опе doesn't recite
mani mantra/ pass the rоsаrу to others.
ы,51,gq,qR6{ýi wrong usages that have Ьееп coming
through the ages 1ftlк'пкч,{{(,аJ,ýl,Е,;1,5ч,Ql.аеак.аl. ш'E.К' ы {q'i uninvited guest l,i.,.,B5,..,\, ш,бк,к h, ш {-1{
&11 Тоаау I am your uninvited guest.

|64 165
 а,,ýЕ,е,{,ýа,ý,ilЦ щ(,rl,а'{('а'i1'1 When hungry one has to eat whаtечег Knd
Ч.Е.lý*.оа.чý..i1 Lit.: The cook is iп
the ocean of liquified butter, but if he dies, he will like of food may Ье available.
an апсhоr, 8о to the depths of hell./ Sense implied: А
monastic cook who steals will go to hеп аftеr his death. vý.
ы,d(N,{q,чЁý]ý'1 to foresee the fчfurе/ to see beforehand

6{,ýý,{(,5ч е,,5ý,1,&11 had по choice but to do it

ugаrпti5,пQЕ,fi ,
gR, ш,{<к,{1,1Эqк:!,п 1а,fr'п,к,ч,Ft<, п кý
5.ff<.
Ц'5,tqк.l(q.trft.Flк.lЕаr.5к.l.il.яq.{<.1 t.,ýTi,ý",ý.'ýi'lфl All of us should study with interest
I had to Ье the His Holiness the Dalai Lama's speeches foretelling the future.
president of the Tibetan Youth Coigress this
уеаr.

Ш'{<К'q<'Пlq1 future prediction q<,ч,Fк,к<к,gк,пYп,q1,

ш,ýl,вl,п,q1 Lit.: to advise not to do and поt to looV Sense
аlк,!,еr,{<к,q<,пqq,н,&5,Вк,ýl,ш,t5! Buddhists believe the
impПed: restriction ]е'к<'к,еr'Хк,еl,ý5.п.п g.l.Fl.ýчl.э(.ý.1 future prediction of Lord Buddha.
Fк,fi,$,ft,а;ýl These days children do not listen to their
parents inspite of their parents giving them advice.
ы,&q,&q,ыfi ы,&q,&q,{ш1 to pretend to Ье what you
are not 5{'Е,{п,&q,& q, п{ч,Э :,q,Эq,чtч,т,{'\,i 51 one day it
O'Y.'ITY.'| to ехреriепсе all kinds of troubles g.fth.Еч
qr'
tr. will Ье known i{ one pretends to Ье ап officer though опе is
У
\,it',Бк,аt,ý<.1{.Уq.gсц.6Г51 Tibetans have suffered all kinds n91. бl,к,п,fi q,еq,6*,3тlк,чq,}-1к,к1<'6Г<'1 What is the use
of troubles uпdеr the Chinese regime.
of pretending to Ье а Tibetan when опе is not.

О'УС'.('r('I ло choice but to Ьеаr it il-п.$.,^lq.бil.чq<.Е. Е.!'{Цý'Я'qфJ extremely immode5f ц'{ýý'я'qо.l,ý,нк,l,аr,qеl,

51а,<щ,],аr,{<.ч<.{<.r<.t51 If you do not study рrореrlу, rх<,&шк,{кlк,цх,,ft,lк,1 one should печеr епсоurа*е
thеrе is по choice but to bear thё,рrоЬlеms.
extremely immodest work.

gft'{1к,{ц| capital loan (help)

ш'
ý5.x,<.F<.пfq.q.er.gh.ft]K. sl,{ýý,яýN,tч to Ье imnrodest and evil g'ftк'5{'q'о'чТr'
{at,5ýo{Jц(,EK.aq.F1.\.R]| If you do business, you сап take
пh,п,rпц,япý,ýч,\,.r,N,,т1,],а5,5к'6(5J
The Chinese indulged
а capital lоап frоm the bank in the immodest and evil destruction of monasteries.

а{,r,{(,зI to Ье compelled to eat оr taking а ЬriЬе/ he had

ы'rпк'ш{lп{r1 indecent and to deceive ýl,х,<,п,<пк,ы{1
to eat since he was hungry ý-тF-ч,{чN,ýý.t!.щl.ý](,.flý.ý(. оfr-.ч,qч,ý,l}аr,ш,пц5,1,t^t,\ýý,Бчý'япк'&11 You cannot

|66 |61
 Ьесоmе decent if you аrе always suгrоuпdеd Ьу indecent and \<'к<'Фq'Ё'il'ýflýý'<('ýflqц'а5! These days Tibetans have
deceitful people. по choice but to lеаrп English.

Ъ( ý' Еý]' K,!,Eq, K,arK, а''ý]ý('ýtr'ч16.'l an open and honest statement i<'Ц<'F'
ýý<ý
J ulte riо r mо tiv е
Ы' ar,1< к,ф-1, п s < q

Тýt'Ч'ýТТбГ<'\'аr'i51 Опе cannot Ье happy if опе works чý<,5(,ýlil,ýч1,1,tц(,ý]ап,пlзп,qq<,5ф1 These days опе
with ап ultегiоr motive. should Ье careful even though one speaks openly and
honestly.

t''фl'Ы'qУI'RlJ по guitVno rеgrеV no rерепtапсе qЧ'ýýil'qil'

Ы'ýý;,''1Тýýа!] to tНnk about eveTything/ over-thinking
lч,\,Тч,q",чк,lý5,q,ш,чq,ш,а$l,ч,аi.,ft1ill If you work
siпсеrеlу, you will have nothing to rерепt. п,пка,11,чкегýllýпi'lq'п'а(l If you think of everything,
thеrе is а danger of becoming mad.

e''ýý'Tl'aýKt gathered everything without missing бfqЭq

ыч,Ц,цч,Ц murmеr аЕЕ,lQ,q<,а,ыч,Ц,цч,Ц'аj,ýч5l Do not
Ц'ýN,тс,.lýк,5<,пh,q5а.lк,<1ý,д,аl,п?л,q,lеq, то cultivate
muппеr in the class.
one's teacher'is ап iпstruсtiоп fоr githering knowledge
without missing any.
ы(,t(,Та! ý,ц а moderate пumЬеr l.,*.,5ъ*,p(,оссцR,lýаl'
Ы'ýý'Тq'd<:1 alV complete/ without any missing Е.'\'Зо'о' аl<'1<'фк'бqq'нк'il"аýЧ
vyýý
These days even the bank has
only moderate аmоuпt of cash.
ýý'ТЕ'd('(ý'}r'ýл1'5к'Ч'&q1 I returned all his books without
mlssln8 апу.
а'('Ч'r5J exceedingly mапу/ а good пumЬеr gf (ý't-чý'Т
Ы'.Q К' f< к, ц i gno rа
| n се пr,i к,f< к, K,o.r, п
ý
q, qK, <, Faý, п r,aP-r, 1
ц,о<,1i{q,ý 5ýн1п<,ч,lýа,, el R, Еч,Гl,п ql,аГ51 I have kept а
large amount of mопеу in the bank fоr my simple friend.
П'i51 We аrе in this cycle of existence duе to ignorance.

6'('ý 6.'('ý mоrе and mоrе 1ý\'F'ý'\ еl'ý'сдl,ф,!,g о,l,п-п <,tr rr <,tr
Ы'QК'.QК'ы{о1 pr"'..,ding to know what опе does not Фq'R'
аýrý'аtrЧ Моrе and mоrе wеstеrпеrs соmе to Dharamsala
el,ýrrýK,arfi ,ýs,q,l1a,<"r,r,lK 5'8r('l You might face difficulties
during the summеr.
if you рrёtепd to know English (when you do not).

Ы'ýýýЦ'{('ýýýN! no way but to lеаrп оr teach Ц-l'ч'Fаr

ot'i't.'\ *' R'OBql minority саппоt challenge the maj ority

l бt] 169
 еl<,Q,хr,\к,ft ,пýq,чh,5П,оQt,lо,о.,\*,{о*,ЕЕ,fi KlK,p,\,eгt51 a'p<'6(1't11 There is а Tibetan hotel iust а little down frоm
The weak cannot challenge the strong just as the minority hеrе.
cannot challenge the majority.

fr,ln]",q,Eч Lit.: а white mап with а black haУ Sense

o<'oR't.'Y1! Lit.: deducting frоm the lаrgеr and aclding it
implied: to accuse ап innocent ft'51r,d,m,q,trqqбltifl,q,
to the lesser/ Sense implied: to balance 5каl'аýr'а<'п,Ек,
р,еr6,аý-lк,аr,,iq,ч,5<.'кlЗlк'i51 Accusing the innocent is like
аQ,п,5<,х<,п,о.r,х1,1,d<,аr,5кч,аýх,аф-5,фк,{аГ<,\,i 51 Ttrere inviting а case against oneself/getting involved in legal case.
will Ье а balance in the есопоmу if one deducts frоm the rich
and adds to the рооr.
&,51r,аl,q,Еч,1(,q,lтl{,оJ,ýц,Еч Lit.: А black hat for а
white mап and а black rеiп fоr а white horse/ sense
ы<'fк'а]ыN'ýfri elected Ьу the majority пд.Qк,нтlк,<,ffi, implied: to blame ап innocent
Хlк,qYr,ш<,Гк,а]шк,пfý<'&-.'I Мr. Tashi was elected as
оur president Ьу the mаlоЁtу.
&,ý.,q,s.,l а man and а hоrsе l,а.,.,П'{.,qRп,о.rЕ-11vi,

ыЕ,(ч,tц,ýЕ,ы,ý1,{Е,к,{к1 Don't take quintessential 0(,q'g('qч'пfrпк'&-<'1 Today а mап and а horse саmе to оur
village from Tibet,
instruction as ап adornment but ponder upon its
meaning.
,6Г<,п,
inf amy/curse аlý'аl'ч<,зк,gr,
,Jп,к15
R,F,ч 5 o,.q t ft ш,<q,ft

ы\'IDcIJ'qý'ýofq'ol Lit.: p,lling а hair frоm butter/ to ье Ч1('5{Nl Whatever work we do we should see that no bad
reputation comes to us.
singled out 6(,ýN,Sп,ý<,"lq,Та,qq<,q,tq,баlк,trк,ý,Fqк,

1<,ýп1,5!аr,qк,6пfq,к,q<,пQq,атlк,!,i51 lr you do поt study fr,ф,fr,{1к1 по time to do

well when уоu аrе уоuп8, you will feel singled оut later in ".,Э1,<,dl,та{gr,ф-rr,к,ft,аtrч
I have no time to 8о to Tibet tоmоrrоw.
the socieý.

ft,{1п,sq,ш,Нч,чtsч q,аfп,вq,ш,gч,чh А word fоr а

ыr,fr,lы,:11 5,чч,{:11 Lit.: а lamp with exhausted
mап of understanding and а whip for а horse that
buTter/a bird with wоrпоut feathers/ Sense implied: а
gallops well.
sign of old age/a sign of ending.

a'51a'r<'ý11 happiness for oneself and others ft'чсlq'lч'

е!{'{Е,''1'1 just а little away from here а\'qк'шr'{еr'5'q'Ц-l'кh'

\,70 1,71
 &:1tslшп1'1\ Lit.: опе man and опе hапф Sense
уlа,бпYзп,1,"(,Ъ,ýlбаi'<'\'r11 Yоu will Ье happy if you
can make other people happy. implied: single handed <'ft '1Зq,нт11Зq\к,,^rк,тч(,ц<,В5,

gП'!'аl't11 I cannot do anything single handedly.

&'afВ1l}x,1 to depute people with purpose Ё-5,!,1П,аr{1,

ч,пf fr <йц,а5П<к,lф,ч<,<ýlil,а{
t!(,5ý,ýо,,аh,Ц'1,!,1 5,& ft'a'qq'1 lesser and рооr humап resource <'fr'ýш,Х<,"гI,ff
Вllýr'п5<'чЕ('Y('I I was sent on deputation Ьу the LTWA ft,a,qq,бRr-<,6<,fi<,чK,ý5,E,|цqбiýI It is difficult for us to
to attend the Intemational Seminar оп Tibetan Language. do farming this уеаr
",
i" have very few persons in оur
family.,

ft'qк'цоJ'1к.'з'Еý'q('l When people 8et older they

rеmеmЬеr their native country and when birds get older ft,lык'ф,аQш1 1а,ý'ц'V{,Ф11 to preserve, promote and
they rеmеmЬеr their nest (wood)./ Sense implied: feeling restore w,ýк,аl,Вl,П-5,Э,ач,чý.,Qý,qýч,р(,ft15iтlк,цчfi,Е-5,
homesick
i п к, к, Yr, бs
\ýý
Tl,q к, к, {<, а Q,x, s r
5,ýqq,{ч,чlN,
,

а ft a.r <,
!, 1 1

кlк<,ч,i'5,q5,ýýý{,g ý6ý,rffl,к,is1 The aims and objectives

ft'пg'lп'1\ Lit.: а hundred people with опе voice/ Sense
of Amnye Machtn lnstitute аrе to рrеsеrче, promote and
implied : uпапi mо us 1ц,бч,{'о.r, trK' i' п g,рТltq'l' о r'
1ф' о' rеstоrе Tibetan litеrаturе and to translate пеw Iiterature into
Tibetan.
&11 Wrren fighting against an enemy, unanimiý is required.

ff'пg'RыvlЩ Lit.: а hundred реорlе with опе mind/

ft,yK,ql,aEt] preservation 1i-Е,,1,1цч,l,,lY<,п,пql,кi'ЗЧ'
,пg,
Sense implied : unity ц*l,*r,п],ý1,6f5,1к,цч,ft
,d<,ar,ft
fr K,gq,aEl,K11<,\,6fl'a11 The traditional practices аrе
,1ar
1,ft
&шк'qЗq'Е'g'6Г51 WЬеп the country is peaceful and happy very well ýrеsеrчеd in the monasteries.
all the countrymen live like а hundred people with one mind.

fr,aq,F,озЕ! collaboration аmопg evils/accomplice ft,,тrо, fr,lаlк,цl,ý{К'| рrеsеrчаtiоп fоr а long time iT11q<,&,1elK,

ilýЕ,Е,ý(,Rl,fll,п],ýlft'аr<'t There won't Ье реасе and ýЕ,чqý,ý(,ý,*,чq.,\,gо,ý-"'iф'о'а{] Govemment support

happiness in а country if evils collaborate with each other. is needeil fог the long term preservation of Tibetan Сulturе.

ft'rq'П!q'{Х,1 relying on an evil persorV to Ье under the il,i,fr,g.,l neither too close поr too far cg<,Ki'gн,б1<,ft,},ft,
,.q,o?q,q,ý-r,*E9*,&'.,l If
influence о{ ап evil реrsоп ff g<'п'lq<'пlо,l'Е1 It is important пеithеr to Ье too close поr
you rely on ап evil person you will know indecent things. rеmаiп too far frоm а Kng of the country.

17з
 е,п\l,п6l,ý1
q.
t{'ýllN'ý{'qý'('БЧ
€\
Lit.: ап earthen pot Ьrоkеп between to lie/ false ft,п]l,обЕ,ýо1,1,чlш,пqlч,<,Fк,
two people/ sense inrplied: too пrапу cooks spoil the el'aK'ý1'!'arl11 We will not trust а false statement.
Ьrоth.

ft'6<'r<5к| to beat others and cry oneself ft,5п,6<,Fк,ft,5<,

fr,п{5,1gп{i1 to praise too much ft.o{i lT
ý.Т.Ф..Ф..* <<'ъц'3тЕ't51 Sitty people beat others and сry themselves.
o!-i'ýTq'fitJ Опе shoul,d not praise children too muсh.

&,ql,Пl,а1,1ч,1({з{,frl,а.rзr1 to blame ап innocent

ft'Yl'qК'ft'}Щ frопr generation to generation g'ý]{'чý(.5N.
qуýулý
реrýоп and to say а stone has ап edge when it does
ц,iч,лýJ,Б{"iЧ,п<,{5,ц,щ,{пк.ц.Rs.яq.i].ш.i5Т ТЬ" govenrment not,/ sense implied: false accusation
of India cannot help the Tb;I; frоm generations to
generations.
il'хп'цq,lqк1 to flourish fоr а long time without

е!,ilзl,q(,qпqI dishаrпrопу/ fight аmоп8 thenrselves degeration к<к,gк,!,пqq,к,ft,trп,ц1l1к,6С<,п,"1,1\,аtrч,ý,

ýщ:
фш,fi к,фш,пQq,п1<'5Ф'о'&Е1 The monk community should
ш
рп,кq,6q.i.пrýЕ,Е(.аяý.ý<.q.lеrqýq."r<.пh.}q.р.df,5J If there is observe thеir discipline very strictly so that Buddha's
а fight between the со-uпtriеs, thеrе is а dапgеr of wаr of
teaching mау flourish fоr а long time without degeneration.
ЬгеаНпg out.

c\v,n
il,<r,пк5,{<,6^,ФЕl to take thousands in addition to
fr,п]q,п]q,фн1 to tell sonrething that is not truе as if it is
killing а person еq,кк,ft,кr,пкl,кк,аr,d5,{<,6х,,аl,к,r11
truе g'ft к,еr,пlq,п\5,фаr,пq5,],а{еl,fi <,аr{пl,ч,iкк,!.rr.i51
The bandits not only Hlled the person but also claimed
China cannot deceive the world Ьу stating оr declaring false
thousands in additiorr.
if they wеrе truе.
statemerrts as

ft'gК'r<'пlчýI to ruiп others and oneself ft,<1,ý,р,".l,и,q,fr,

&,5пl,цоl,iыJ the noble class ft.ýý.ý*l.iш.ý.ýа,Х<.еr<.ý.п.gч.б
ý('{tr,ýачN,а(*'\'ill If one listens to evil реrsопs one,will
l11 Most of the noble class families аrе riсh. ruin oneself and others.

ft'ПП'К1'3к] to take advantage ofl to ignore ,g<,кft,l{q,{к,

ft'lq,lgsqt to think wildly/ to think too muсh fr.B.ý..ý.,
.ý1.5тýt.ч.r.ý ft,пп,F1,3к,ýlq,цн,&,Fк,r{-.eт,ýф,r51 If the lеаdеr of а
чЗч,\,Yq,ýfr 5.g.af,5.r]t what is thеrе to think country takes advantage of а subject the people will revolt
too muсh about for this short"life ?
against him.

|75
а,зi,Во,{.,J exiled !,Ёf zere аi<,Ц-5,ft,{<,зп1ш<,б&,gr,ýш, RK,ýl,r<'ýil . feel happy and inspirational to others fп'
{<'aKlK'K'i|! Thousands of Tibetans wеrе exiled in 1959. If you study hard, you
ý<,лч,бЭr,Е,fr*,ýЕ,*.,ýi,аr.\,аr!
will Ье huppy and inspire оthеrs to Ье like you.
&'a{r'B'6<'1 size of population ft,aE'r,E,6<,d<,arh,q<,ч,fr,x,
'}'
Flк'6Г<'\'i11 In all the different sizes of population we
ft
{<'а11 to waste one's lif е 6<,trк,lк,{х"5о,iо1о,q],,ý(,шБ:,
,B,{<,al,tr а{'пh,ýlр,аГl,r
find чаriоus types of people. пд пк,q,fr 1] If one does not either
amass wealth оr study from young age there is а danger of
wasting one's life.
fr'ýl'"[all to have no choice but to do arK,T1aJ,E
,ft1",ff,ýT

Talall Не has to do this work

fr'H'{q'qql to have а purposefut life/ meaningful life (а,
ýл.У . l 1а. l
-:'

,ts{q,5.,ЕЕ,о,lаl,бi51 ln
п к ш,фк,q<,п Qq,3l,q,Г",r<, аl,аз 5,q,ft
fr'ýi'lýýi| to do all sorts of things (negative) g,fth,ý,5аlл1
mу opinion, it is difficult to have а meaningful life if опе
ýg ý
ii,Ёц,il,Rs,sч,Qs,dr,ш,ý5,к;i11
g Chiness Indian soldiers do all does not епсоuпtеr Dharma.
l$g l

sorts of things.
ýл- л,с\
&'Н'Шк'Пl5ы'В'R<'1 паmе lasts longer than one's life Kl5el'

ft,ы<,1п,ы<,i,lч,елt fr,ы<,нпl,ы<,],1Rтri{1 The mouths <а,оl,аЕеrк,1{'к,ч,&11 ft,Е,чч,сllп,В,R<,п,й<'1 опе should

of people аrе poison but their hands аrе gold. саrе for one's reputation as name lasts lопgеr than one's life.

ft'Ы<'Q'Ы<'J the поrе people, the mоrе criticisnrs Бý'ýi'D' ft'ХlК'ы<'ý<'J the size of а population ft,Flк,п<,t,,*,5цч,
5{q,{Fк,fr,ш<,h,Q,ш<,оr,п55,к,ý5'к'i5| The political leaders Kh,{qK,<el,ýi'Э'&ql We will help according to the size of the
аrе patient with public criticism. population.

ft'ы<'ri'Кпlк1 pubtic gathering ft,ш<,аtrFqк,!,sgк,g,Fqк, ft'а{ык'l1а{шк1 to have gathered everything я,lп<,к,\h,

qТ-к'пlц<'пq5'ýЕ('(<'I The president addressed the public й(,сц,qý,!аt,ц,
' ft
,"{Еil к,sý],,lEer
l$ ц'i€ s'i'i
l€ st А l l sorts of travel l егs
ё ||

gathering. gather in that hotel.

uпfi V not deserving/ unqualifi ed

il,о^i,ч.,Y.'J place ft ,аl,ч.,Т.'&1,q,пdаlк'ý{5,ý, Ец' ft '.{ d Е.!' г.l
] unsuitable/
ft '
а deserted
ar, ft
,{к,
dаr'цi'щц,п1q'ýч'ш't"J! Do not make children
ft ' п
сш1'{Q'5q'аГ5'i51 д deserted place is very good for rеtrеаt. 1,1
do things which аrе unfit for them.

|76 1,7,|
&'RlK'gl'aEq1 racial оr ethnic discrimination аа<.шq.ý.ft. wealth rл,R,i,р,н,\<,к<,ft ,gпlк,1(,gччN,qqк,l6Гl,ч,t51
Today the United States has both humап and material
Хlк.gl.аЕq.ý.q.пк.lаrl.ýq.lýч.к.а&-5.к.t11 The rасiаi reSourceS.
discrimination of Germans invited the II world wаr.
ft'&'{1к'rш1 to help with human rеsоurсе ]<,к<,к,а,кl,к,
ft'ýO'jo'YlJ u, inappropriate and shameless argument g&, {1 к, < al, o.r к, ft &, {q к, r ш, 1 {q, ц, аГ5 I
q, ч,
,
Today human
п]l,ч,frlк.ч.l.ý..ft.ý..9rl.У5.3тq.чк.лq.Е.rrl Who will resource help is mоrе scatrce ечецrwhеrе than material help.
listen to а shameless argument when there is no truth iп it.
ft'.QK'11.Qq to know everything <h,{-1к,{,{q,gп,чqк,!к,
ilr'{i1 each and everyonel individually q*'Вi'..'Е'ft.t.{t.еr IБ,,ý,(\,{\,ft .Qч,51ýK,t<,ar,.QK,!,atrT1 Му friend Dhondup
пlа'fч'qýп'!'аr't51 I cannot speak to everyone of you. knows everything about the соmрutеr.

fr,arK,l1aK1 to do all sorts of worV to do too much ft'K{r<'fi] to sit oneself at other's place 1qq,о.l"{а,пГ5,ý5,

work ..,\,ýlft{1trк,ш,Хк,ft,о.lк,51шк,ý5.!.i11 The 1K,ft

,ч
<,ý,ýlq",Yq,q{l,ýl,q,ё-l,п{5,q rr,116i<,о,fi Е1 If
<,r

parents do all sorts of work fоr the benefit of their children. you think of yourself as the person you аrе criticising, then
the criticism will Ье very honest and constructive.

fr'Q'ВО'Ya'J Lit.: death and extinction of а family/ Sense

ft,Rык,fr,ltl,аГffi,1{.,5.,оs] People do not have the
implied: total extinction 5'ff'ýо.r'а Q'Во,{.,s<,iГ<,1 This same rnind, just as they do not have the same face.
уеаr
he had to face the extinction of his family Йrоugh death.

fr.QK,.QK,ыfi pretend to know something although one ft'пк1'15qýr] killing humans and causing bloodshed чd1
does поV ft".Qк.Qк.пfi.qil.ч{(.чl(.ft.tr<.1 Опе should печеr
pretend to know something when опе does not.
g,ýý,э(,ft,ýýi,rýч,ý{,0,шк,l,ft,ý5,ят11Y5,&q1 I аm
determined not to indulge in Klling humans and causing
bloodshed regardless of how desperate the situation mау Ье.
&,пq1'11пq51 speaking about everything ql,а,ft,п95,51
ýчтýl,Е,чqq.ýк.&1.Ек.ЗтЭ.о.rrl If you talk too ft'пккl'1кl,пкlЕ.t,|
lg to think of all sorts of things ft,н,51а,<ч,
muсh
people will not trust уоu. азl,trк,&,пка1,51пкаr'ý5'!'i51 People think of all sorts of
things when they face problems.
&'gК'ggЧЧ the power of man and the роwеr of

178 |79
ft Оl'ý.'З.'ý(''t near-sightedness ý5,r<,ocft q,9(,зR,ý(,\,1,T]q,
.*,6('1,q,ýqiаrшF5'5ф1 You should wear glasses if you
have а problem with пеаr sightedness.
ftlgK't<'{l far_sighted people sol,týý,Э,5ý,afi1Fftq,ý<,i<,
ТQ'5п1аi'5'i]t The leaders of nations аrе far-sighted people.
ft о]'
{*,.Е,а ý { t imitate bad examples aqq,ý ш к,sl,}}Fо1vо
&q{к,<Е,аlq,аr<'бýlч'i11 In а competative socieý, mапу
imitate bad examples.
ý. v дд<
Ыl'q N'ЦТ\'q ýEI imitating good еха mples ul'Чпк'sq'ý'ý'Вqк'
g,ft1{-к,rлr,аlq,ý5,к,i5! In а civilized society, people imitdte
good examples.
ftl'ф'iаl'Ф]J to gradually adopt (someone's habit)
ý'Fч"'
qr,"г{цqýr,лч,\,ftч,Ф,iш,аr5,5<,q,сrrq,к,аl,i11 It is
good to adopt gambling gradualý in tbe society.
ftl'elЕ<'q'Yч| Lit.: to see with the eyes and to hеаr with
the еаrУ Sense implied: rеаl qqк,фч,а],п]q,ч,i5l (ý,ftч,
\к,ш}-<,5<,1 q,пк,Тк,3<'1 This is true news. I have seen it
with my*own eyes апd\еаrd it with my own еаrs.
ftl'ыЕ<'1g1*,ýоl Lit.: чеrу visible/ Sense impПed: чеrу
obvious ý<,пlпк,п,В1rQq,&1,ч,fi 1шY<,кlgпlк,ýýý,ц,t1!
is very visible/obvious that he is а grеаt scholar.
180
with the еуе and to hold with
ffqшЪ'<,о.lпl,Еq1 r-it., to see
the hanф Sense implied: ейdепt to alУ caught red
handed тfflýо11о<,шd1ц,чЭý,ft ryаrЪ-<,чк1Э1g<,тt11 Two
thieves wеrе caught red-handed this уеаr in а bank
ftlаýк'qх,'r{(чýl Lit.: to have youT eyes used to and уоur
ears familiar withy' Sense implied: to have learned а
lesson thoroughly. д]$<'1кr'ч,gкк'lк,fr 1,аr,а\к,к,1<,q,пr,
аr,аеlк,кh,54]а,(о.,,q,ýч'8Гl'rll It is very difficult to have
one's eyes and ears accustomed to а пеw text when studying.
frоI,Еq,оlл<,шts<к1 Lit.: to jump off the cliff with ореп
eyes/ Sense implied: to make mistakes knowingly а<'\'
ф,1&1к .Qк,п
Qltr а <,agк.,qi,ft оIqЕ,пlсш к,п }'<,ý5,(,5(,ýl,ц{,
i11 То drink chang even аftег knowing its effect is same as
leaping off the cliff with open eyes.
not
frqq'шqп5к1 Lit.: the еуе pain is made Ьу the hand/
Sense impПed: oneself is responsible for the hаrm В1'^.'
\,11о,.*,З,ýl,r<,\к,пYк,к,t51 5a1,1,ft 1,q,п,о.lпl,пк,п5к,ч,
ПQql Yоu аrе responsible,,for уоur рrоЬlеms just as your
hand is responsible for causing eye-pain.
ilч,q.,\,ч,N,1(,ч,Е(,\,Вr,ы1 Lit.: gTit in the еуе and а
thorn in the flesh/ Sense implied: very troublesome and
It disliked .,е,ql,Э,чЧ,qq,аr,l1к,а\ý,аýi,п,аlк,яr,к,о.l,ft 1,
qс,\,ý,s],1(ч,q<,\,Вх,,аr'1.'оQЕ'i5l Igпоrапсе is just like а
l81
 \с\
qrit in the еуе and а thоrп in the flesh, fоr us seeКng glа,п,оl,а,gч Lit.: In addition to famine, there is an
liberation frоm this cyclic-existence. extra month,/ Sense implied: The extra month has
prolonged starvation during famine.
&ч'q.'\,а{,а{| Lit.: like а thorn in one's еуеl Sense implied:
g al ila' R5' к limitless/ endlesY boundless а[ч,п, ц ar яа,il,ч i,
to dislike somebody ý'ЕЧ'Ч q('\' ft q al, {1,!,1 g q,Fч
1
Ц-q, ý ", 1('ýi'ý\'('rаф-х"п'i11 We have Ьееп wandering in this
а\,В<,ш,q,g,аqк.6Г11 The Tibetan Youth Congress has boundless cyclic existence until now.
become like а thorn in the еуе of Chinese Gочеrпmепt.

fr1,1q,&тl,Yп1 Lit.: ап еуе lotion soothes the еуеl ý' Ц

$' gq'
q
ý<
К
1
to continue щк,аlщ,а\, ц,slýl,q1,,1ý<ý,Зlц,
Sense
m,ýlr<,\,{1K,re1,1{K'6f1'1 We need уоur help to continue
implied: to use property for what it is meant
B5....\.ci*. this рrоjесt.
а]пк.].<к"ftч.нq.ftч.Еч.о{,Ц.&qt I shall dedicate
уочr
donation towards that for which it is meant.
{Е'r{тб,' N,яш,пf1l follow blindly <ч,\к,ft ýк,Е,чqтq,,ý,т]сl,

ftl'олl'&1шq,1<,ffоrffкq1 Lit.: ап еуе fоr ап еуе and а

oR,s r{чцl,а}-пк,яч,пf,r,ýr,ч,аiкlк,япк,i11 When опе
does not know, опе should ask It is not alright to follow.
tooth for а tooth/Sense implied: rечеп8е.

ft<,{q,ыф<к,к1 the work in accordance with one's title/ to ýЕ'qч'fl{,ч"ý1 groping in the dark ffi,fil,q,шdq,Fцl,Еý1ц\,

accord one's deed with one's паmе о,N.{Е.ч(.5(.о]<.ф{ ýосýl'Е''л<'в'нq'пfr1}'rl'l11 You won't find things at night
&еп Ьу groping when thеrе is по light.
сч<,ft<,{q,шф<N.ц.5.iф.ч.i51 Wrratever the
type of work it
may Ье, one should Ье реrfоrmiпg it worth its name.
ýЕ,Еl,q{ыN,r,{(ф] to mеаSurе darkness Ьу armspan а,
q (,
q,vve
е!(,tлl1,1Е,L'rl5] to have both паmе and purpose
.Q K,.Q к, а
{q, ý r, о,Ч, tq, 1 ч, Ф ý,.{ а o,1,
1
at
d < к, к, Ф 1 1

чqЕ.кЕ.э5. Pretending to know something although one does not, is

шрq,F"r.&<,аГ5.к.аl.я5.{q,rш <.df5.K.i same as to mеаsurе the darkness Ьу аrmsрап.
5J Those who wоrk fоr the
welfare of others have not only паmе and purpose too.
ц1, ql,Еш,Yы J dark and dulУ inactiv
е ч <,п ql,Еаr,
6<, ý1,1к, ц1,
ftR,t'f5<,i(,qо|\,R,tr},а.йГ11 The truе picture of а man
Yаr'аl'аtrЧ Since he has fallen ill, he has become dull апd
is within; the stripe of а tiger is on the outside. inactive.

183
I82
a,p,p,tr п,sý Lit.: fire and smoke аrе distincУ Sense adding fuel to the fire.
implied : Though friendly still diff erent {-1к.{1}к. ar
91б
fr,^*Q,la,тý,{(,цtаl| Lit.: let the fire cease and the smoke
{.:'u.'lъ*'$'аl,ч,fr,рlп,I<,ýп,S{,t11 дthough the two tade awayl sense impпed: to calm/ pacify оп its own
friends аrе friendly, yet their accounts аrе different.
пllк,{а,а\.fi.r<ý.5r.tr п.\(.цlо.t.ýýч.l:фчýI It is good to let
this news subside on its own.
fr,Fо,3,Sо,ýк,R,{чýýкt Lit.: А needle point fire сап buTn
mountairy' sense implied: А spark neglected burns the
frl'tr fr,1<,пJ indispensable ]<,к<,ft,ч,тllш.пf,1.l<.5п<.iltr ft.
mountain fi,ц,пl,к,кl,к,аl,кlцпl.i.lап,ý.{ш.ýк.i.бпýlк.чQ.
Ъ('ý'&1I Freedom of ехрrеssiоп is indispensable to people
lа,6Чl Don't throw match sticks ечеrуwhеrе. Тhеrе is а these days.
saying that а needle point сап Ьurп а mountain.

frк,tsl,ir,!Бп|кt Lit.: to Ье exposed to firе when burnt Ьу

fr,Q,lЕагаý{| flaring up flame in the sky Ц-5.!.Rтl.чqý.rчý. firel SепsЪ implied: to respond with similar treatment
явлк,в5,tr
&.Q.lЕаt.щ.П,ý\.п.q<.пQq.5r.ý.аГ5..t5I The Tibetan afi ,аqк,!к,к,Fаф-r.п ч.аfi 5.K.t5.ar1 ёчý.чq(.qý.а{5.акlк.
studies flourish in all the directions just like the flaring up
flame in the sky. !к,аф-<.п.аrк.я<.trк.пh.япк.ý,}. ак.tsl.fr <.пltrlк.r <.i 51 The
аttафmепt has led us to this cyclic ехistапсъ. In Tantric text,
thеrе is а method of using attachment to liberate us frоm
fr'ТЧ'Фa'л('g'(ýl Lit.: However small а flоwеr is, it's still cyclic existance. This is like exposing fire when Ьurпt Ьу firе.
an offering to godl sense implied: The gift however
smаП it may Ье, it is still а token of gratitute.
ilК'Ыgq'Япl'ТY:l bilateral decisiorr/ an аgrееmепt ý.ч\.о{.
it'"'зq'чF'gr' ilч' п gа'яп'qЕs'5<'{<'t А m u tua I d ecision was
i,аQq,ыdыN,..{rт cease-fire/ to make а cease-fire ]..*..g. taken to sen-d stucients to Indii.
K.aETl.fi .trK.F5.t51 Ht present thеrе is
.aQq.er
51<,1ч.lý\.fr dш
cease-fire between India and china. &-К.Шgl'qШ'пG-*I acceptance s,ý,l\,чý(,qý,<.ffi.аY5.цч.аl.
ffк,аrgЕ,сlк,пQ*'чq.'&-..1 The govemment of India gave
fr'апr,пh,ц<,оr.Q<,пqlк.ч1 Lit.: adding fuel to the firеl acceptance to оur recommendation.
Sense impПed: to excite people or instigate еrgq.F&lчh.
,апr.пfr .цч.,лý(.ýчý1N.rr.5(.пQq.i11
ц<,ч,tsqgп,п.q5,кý, fr
То 5ыч,lrq,Ы(,q,5ыý1,ýý,}к1 too many соmmапdеrs spoil the
abuse somebody on top of being unfriendly is just like strategy/ too mапу cooks spoil the broth

184
185
 ,fп,q,q
ar к,пýпlк,к,i11
1ы.r'r.{Qývý6v1&-i1 to humiliate and defame/ to criticise пlq^ щ,а,пВq,q*,s,ч.,fl q<,\K,{1,Kfr
q,1
The liaian govemment opined mапу Tibetan schools at the
qý],ц\,1ц.r,frQпк,пбк,5f5,ý5.1,пYl.gп.Э.о.rtl One саппоt
special request of the Tibetan gочеrпmепt.
ьеаr humiliations and insult fоr all the time.

&'а''{q'тВ,Вш,&q,rл<,g1 If it helps to сuте the sore even

1а'{'Ёф'5т'ЯфI Lit,: covered with red-blood/ Sense if it's dog's fat, аррГу it.
implied: badly wounded tа,ýR,ýч,t,Ф,qк,<ft,ý-lк,бlо.,
,а<,q]
dЧ'l1dч'п!(чч (,1
{1 strong f oundation
q, Q,ц,п q,1
П5,q,}-q,
Yesterday mу friend was badly wounded t.r ý,ý ý tп<,цft
in his fight. п}lч,пgпзп,!'а't51 If the house's foundation is not strong
one cannot build the uрреr stories.
,а
1
&1 к'п
1r,{1 к, < 1 specifi c/special aid Ц-5,qq<,qK,ft (,1ц,
T,l

яl,ч,Фqr,lftlк,пlr,dlк,rш'пlЕ<'\'аГl.R1l Every уеаr the {О"'QЕ'5чvаi11 blind loyalty/ prejudiced/ regionaПsm

Tibetan gочеrпmепt provides specific aid to the рооr апd <к,l$,gч1пп,1<,ег[<к,Qq,$-qк,аПq,ý,Эq,п,аф,6('51 Ttre
5er
destifute. biggest danger of blind loyalty оr prejudiced regionalism is
found iп а democratic nation.

5frlк'цо.l'чFоý.'I to aim рrimаrilу fоr опе's goal чsгalal,

g,чч,В E,бi 51 ПЕк'а {1' п ý11 medical care and health ",lк,ý5,*ш,11,пЕк,
ч <'qý,qý],&E,E,c^lr,5ft ry,цагqf п g<,Yп], а, N, n],
ý 1 Цq'
Whatever work it mау Ье, it is imрогtапt to wоrЁ focussed оп цýЕ,аq,аlа,tr,{r,пg't'dС11 Ttte mеmЬеrs of staff have one
the mаiп goal.
hundred ruрееs per month as а medical allowance.

1frlк'пкш,ýчý,ý(,I to рау special attention ý<,\к,ft,ш<,

ýЕ'фq'ýЧ'q(а!| to give poison in response to medicine fl{'
1аr,щ,н.5frlý,ýýсдl.ýчý.t(.чЕq.\.qýfl Не gives special *l1,trпl,аа"r,ýýq,шl'ffl'ааш'i51
If you give poison in rеsропsе
attention to the рооr people. to medicine, it is an ugly rеасtiоп.

crazy/ eccentric gаr,цк,&1,1,ur<,SпЕк,пп,

к'п к s,ýЕ,
I special cilities к,ш,dl,чq.,q *, SПYК'Пп'пYаI1
5
ft п1 al,
Й fа 1{'q, K,q
ar

пЕ"r,Q,5qý5,t,lqq,ýц'3к'}'еl'i51 If you act eccentrically

5iпlк,пкч,шsq,Oq,шч,{чqс,\,6ql The Tibetan govemment pople will not have regard for you ечеп if you аrе а рriпсе.
provides special facilities to the monasteries.

1ftlК'Пкаl'оlqч,ц*1 special request d1чý.,t1lfrý]ý,ýýаl,

186 187
 r*\ пfi'ýI{1'пfi'ýч oppressive command,/ to Ье uпdеr duress

9,& h,п sq,$1о Тr,ýоl{ч,dl,к,F6lкr,i 11 Ttre Tibetans have

been kept чпdеr control through the oppressive command of
gЧ'Ч'ТЧ'аt miscellaneous/ odds and ends {1кr.qпк.{q.
Chinese authoriý.

\Ч,Ч,*,о{-,{1q'5qа{ý'а trЧ Buyin g those miscellaneous

things during Losar is costly-. п{q'Flп<,Йi11 Ьу fоrсе .а,iо,i,Е.,\к,п{q,бlп<,аft,ýl,q",
а!-qч'V<'1 Не seized mу books Ьу force.
Sq,iq,ý,{'trч,i.,ф.Вq.ý.яп.ýýI Lit.: to use sandalwclod
as а firе-irоп and brocade as dustcloths"/ Sense implied: п Sq,Kh,p,{E,1(,1 r,,
Ф(.,\, gо,
gl Опе who supports the рооr
extravagance
and rises against the oppressive authority. Qк'df5'qlчi'
&,1{к,тllк,&q,q,п{1ffi,p{11.,1о,Ф.,t1,g", g,Зr,t{" If опе
rч,Ч rч ýJ to squat (Пkе а rabbit)
ýч.оtч.\.оtrq.s.qYчК.В.i. is really educated, one should support the рооr and rise
YПi'\'ft'\'ПqlqýЧ The watch dog is squatting in frопt of its against the oppressive authoriý.
mаstеr.

пбq,ЦЁ,l1о,Чо,1.,1о,6к,\,к,п1 Опе who yokes the

{<'ý'q{l'о8q
Ч l health and hygienes qdк.ц.а!-1.п!а.,х.{хr. tyrannical arrd Ье parents fоr the рооr 1al<'{-T1'\'o{'oЁT
ýТg'i'чq.'qr,лliк,lh,шк,аlЕ,t11 It is the duty of both the ],Fпsq,fr,чlq,q(,5(,1а1,6<,\,к,rr,&q,кh,gч.t51 The
gочеrпmепt and the individuals to take саrе of health апd
Communist leaders аrе supposed to Ье the ones who yoke the
hygiene.
tyrannical and аrе parents for the рооr and down-trodden.

1d<'Ы'ld<'8('I perfectly clean/ immaculate i,пFЦh.к.а.lS<. пY1'15п,5(,ý(,J to talk of only dirtу things/ romantic [<'
et,16<,5<,l5| All the areas of the high
i,* о,ý.,& q.q.,x <.пYl.кllа1.0(.0(.ýчl.Э оýч I nspite of bein g
mоuпtаiп аrе реrfесtlу
clean.
а monk he always speaks about romanticism.

1FlОrБ'а| of рriпrе importance 1бч,trh.trк.к .Qк,аГq.l$lш. g'Рfr'ЭШ'Ч1 dew drops оп blades of gгаss q<,tsк,gГк,яаlк,
Qч,ý,а,о,лq' Education is of prime importance at а young
а8е.
sl,g,рh,Э.rгч,,q,g<,{к,аЕтýт!,Йtl In Buddhism all
рhепоmепа аrе viewed as dew drops оп blades of grass.

188
189
{'а1'1{<'51 completely rid ofl finish gп,аяа,ltl,ф,gý,Еq. ?*,frl,т.,€.,] to disregard and neglect r<,ft,,,iч,дlý(,ц,3к,
tl,аr,6Г5,q,в,&I,чd<.5ч.п5зп.}.еr.t1| If а tenet has а sоuпd fr1,{.,Ф.,ý5,Е,r<,еl{r<,\к,п{r'п,t51 Опе is deceiving
and reasonable bacНng, one cannot destroy it completely. oneself if опе neglects оr disregards one's сulturе,

S1'1Y5'QП'оi.I thorough investigation s5,1Еl,Qп,пi^,ý:.q. 3K.{i.3K.aq1 to settle accounts/to handed-over the

ýоJ,rпý.чqт$.Sк.g.еtЕ.ftq.lкч.Т.Qк.!.t11 If а thorough responsibilifi es нк'ý5,аба g*,'ц пк, g3к'ý-1' 3K'aE,qS<,,l,

investigation is саrriеd out then it will Ье сlеаr who is а to settle оr
зs.g.G.iч.чql.апlкlк.3q.бi11 It is very important
traitor (spying for оthеr nations). а transfer
hanted-over the accounts clearly whenever there is
of staff.
Еý,{сдt,gý,q! completely Worn ouУ torn to pieces/
unserviceable aýar K,{E,p<.\.s.alq.a <.ý.ý.ýý.\ fll.6ý.qч.8(. 3'Пlts1'1к'lЩ to Ье single miпdеф devoted ёчN,*tц,оl,

ЧýЧ'ýý,{(,\,д,а,аr,ý,ltl'х"'чЪч,ll'о,ýl,ii-"l When
one
0('t5! Most of the things in the museum аrе completely
Wom-out. into Tantric рrасtiсъs one must trust one's teacher
"rri"rr"
single mindedly.

3'Ч.'fiТч plants and crops .,F.,3i.,Чч,ч,пý1,1к,аFпh.

Уl'ЦП'Rqкl dialectics/ polemic study У5,цп,iлl,к,ý,ý,qеlý,
Q(,5<,зк,ЕП,Э
*-ll We get oxygen frоm plants and crops for
ý1",ч,ф'l,ч,БJ,чТчý,ý(,к,i,п!q'ш'i|] The dialecticians do not
оur survival.
rely оп scriptural quotations but reasonings only,

3О' Ы' ý<' ý<' J ribs coming out ч,f il,Таlк,trк,}п,п,п<,п<, ш}-<,
a{oq,l,&,q,,
Y1'6-1'a{sq1 an unresolved dispute ý<,У1,{-1
\'ОýЧ When опе becomes thin, we see their ribs coming out.
in the unresolved dispute,
trбTa'it Не is involved
}К'ПgП'К1 to calculate/ to do accounts of "rш,а{q,}к,пgп,кi,
Qк'gý'r'ffпg'gч''аýý1 When we calculated the travelling
Yi'K'ýq'tr1 counterproductive Уl,к,gl,qак,tлl,баr"Qк,
for the debate to
expenses one hundred rupees was the rеmаiпdеr. Е'Уl'ч'$q'trq'&-.'Эq'е-lt Тhеrе is а danger
turп into соuпtеr productive, if опе does not know the
,{Шt рrореr way of debating.
}K,alft to ignore and insu]t gо.l.{Q.пlа.\,л.,5ч,о.Qог
ft5'q'r^r<'}к'аl'fi'{к'ýl'gп'!'ш't11 опе cannot ignore and Е'к,!,11а,пlЕ5,qil N,
Уl'к к,п5^,,q1 to analyse through debate
insult the Kng's оrdеr even if it is not right.

191
190
 У5,кк,п5<,q,lF5.ч.Фq1 The difficult and vital
/d\
points in
dhаrmа аrе analysed through debates.

q3,g<ц,g'ý{ýt how а реrsоП is regarded Оr viewed ft.сrlп1.

t,ч,Н,Ц X,\,H,\,ýi,K1 Я,l,Н,\,Х,К] restless,excitedand
ý.q'.\
ýч'\'VRiа'3ý,q(ý.5<..{.q< ч.ýк.ч.t5 1 The goodness and пеrчоus &,р qк,r<,пQl,ýк,пq1,{1.,&Fчц,*<,пQl,ýк,Я,\,
badness of а реrsоп depends uроп how
опе regards and
views that регsоп. ts'\'Х'{аfl'R|| Some people are very stable while others аrе
very restless and nervous Ьу паturе.
qУq'qýЦ'ЕltrЧ wrong effort оr реrsечеrапсе ft.lý.пi,о.lк.
а''11а'ý'ý5'Чt'ПУq'аgК'{'{Ч.i:Т d,аееrl}к,т1 both strict and gentle means/ ýо'$'цltr",Х,
То strive for поп-чirtuеs
ls а wrопg effort оr enthusiastic
реrsечеrапсе. аеаr,liк,lýl,:ф'ц'&ql While giving education опе needs
to apply both strict апd gentle means.

t,qq,Ёl,ччоl the strict, emphatic and forceful {q,O,gшr

qеrк,},пlа,qак,t,qlQllgа,q,q1,6f5,а11 All the orders of
the ancient Kngs wеrе very strict, emphatic and forceful.

d'd'gтqr1 vigorous <o.1,$o.r,ft,л<,qпK,$K,q,X5,al<,бd,d,gх.,

g\,1rтlа,о.lý,ýgпк,&-<'1 The labourers vigorously worked hard

fоr many hоurs.

d<'а{ык'friпlr1
|ý, congregation for discussionr/ assembled

fоr discussiбn шк,ý5,d<,а{шкйl,л,аi,{r,{:пзr,ý1,1ф1 rt

is necessary to discuss salary when all the mеmЬеrs of the
staff are assembled.

d<'сд'ы'd<'] sometimes complete and sometimes

incomplete/ shortage ]п'fс^l1,сr,1,1trш,d<,н,ш,d,,ý,,{,,q,,*,

l92 193
 (.{е,чlЕ,".,,пцт3,&ql I will stay at Bodhgaya until the
ч'N{i'I will lend you money if there is а shortage of mопеу
for buying books. completion of the teaching.

tl,qq,{я,ыgq1 qualified as well as modest fi'A-<'*l'Eq'6Щ' tsч,яо,{t,ýчll empty and dry words 1(q,fr,tsqqо,{<,пч1

аrgq,&q,lýк,ffпgп,gп,!,ш,t51 If опе is а qualified as well as ч, ar rX1 к,!к' ш

{1aý'r' ft 'у1 The general populace should not

а modest Bhikshu, dogs' cannot bite опе (it is said). get deceived Ьу empty and dry words of their leaders,

d1, d1, п о compete/ challange ri,r 1\ 5 ý {ýк,}-q,ш, к, ar ts1,6Е,к1{<,пs11 сlеаr cut settlement 1п,аl6,а\,\,i(,вч,ýq,
1r' ý^ 1
i,i1п,ч,dl,dl,пgr,пgч'ý5'Ц'R5l Iraq challanged the USA in qd<,пsl,пts\,R11 Тtrеrе will Ье а clear cut settlement of the
military strength. case today.

dl'ff<к'ь'а{q recognition ýп,q,кq,{q,шl,ýх,,тd1ff<к,5<,а, tsq,<q,g..,al 1q,r{аq,цl insulting hinVcynical rеЬukе Solpý,

Kq,{q,argq,бalE,tsч,.1,€r,erla,aQq,lK,ýl,ч,i11 When the
aEq'ýlK'i1| Schools recognize each others' certificates.
nations are not friendly, they pass cynical rebukes to опе
another.
Я5,1Q,а,пфl рrореr distribution ý-*,r\,rqq,ýq'qa к'ш'd5'
а fewer words with complete sense
qQ,а,п{к,ý1,1,о]q<,{ч*'чq('] Please, distгibute this mопеу ,1R,Уц,
Bý,6R,iй,6(,t
lg Il
рrореrlу аmоп8 the elderly реорlе. rлqбсtЕ,q,Вý,Q<,к{5'*<'п'1{-кI А good composition should
have few words with complete meaning,
dп'i' {п'Q 1 hasty, hurry 1<,ý<,],dп,i,6п,i,<<,н,Еlк,{r,1
Ttr"
holiday was completed in haste.
Нl,qq,{q,пз<,1 elegant expression with good meaning
Yeгq ш,ý, ar к,Вч,q1*{q,п а<,п,riГ51 мr, G edun
dr'trl<r'Пl coming опе after another in succession а{ш,з, 1\,alq,tsK,aQ
chopъel's compositions are elegant in expression and contain
fr
.,оЗ,ti,i.,ýýк,ghq,бХr,ý5кr,п,i аr,ч r,ýq,к h,q<,1K,AK, ы }'1, good meaning.

5,g\,ц,qчЕ,чgк,п,iq,бВ,i11 of the great mеп who have

gч,
сйе in suссеssiоп to this world, His Holiness the Dalai Lama HKl,Ъ-1,{q,aPal1 to implement the words/very practical
is опе of the greatest. &q1
5п,кq,{q,В<к,&1,пqqч,tslб1,$,аl,аlа",r,пh,Вl,tr
purPose of maНng а treaty beМeen nations is to implement
dх,, dх,,п r,lJ а!,Я{,ý{,ý1 conrpletion к1 g<,Гк, aгd{,ý {,т their words.
""ut

195
Вl'к'з'ч1 E,K=,ol to get angfy tslч.а.q.пY1..,.ý{шI ве Е'rпк'qк'},rпк1 from life after life lТq,оГч,оtчаr!,Е,rпк,
patient if you аrе getting апgry. qк,Е,<пк,п<,аfк,аf<к,!,о{q,i:т The Triple-Gems аrе the
protectors of all sentient beings frоm life after life.

6*'оgl,Фý,Ф(,l ethical and modest !-q.чft.lq.}'к.qач.{к.

,В,
а'з5,Фý,ё(,1{'к,к,&11 The disciples of а Buddha should Ье Х' ý-1' 61'5к | а was te of lif е {.,Eqa,{Tý ft п
1<,q,В,ýч, q5,5*,
ethical and modest. ý5(,ý,5(,ýl,Kтal^5,1 Тhеrе is по difference between wasting
а life and spending one's life only for amassing riches.

боrrlз5,ýчý,s{ýql ethical and traditional ý,Flк.Э.q..ý6*.

аlý1ýчý.еlýЕ.чlý.ýý.l.fl qЕ.оr(qýтý.а <.п.ý5.gп.!.t11 Шуоu Щк,r1,{q,Q<.,| greatly difficutt but of little benefit <ч,f,o.1t,
can live in socieý ethically and traditionally, you сап work EKlK,B,ar{q,ё(,ý,&1l Мапuаl work is very difficult but of
better for others. little benefit.

{"l'{1'Ш:agq1 modest and in accoTdance with the Нr,в,s,{rх<,51,t,аRlк,ft,gп1 No matter how sharp the
tradition l <,i5,сл,r пк ý.a,6сr,.YTTq. thorn may Ье it саппоt pierce rock.
Qч.Эl.оТl.q.щ.\ýý.q el

|R,цýЕ,ц,чqц,li-ц] If you wish to Ье decent you must behave

modestly and in accordance with traditional rules of decency. К<'1к'lВ1'*,R,u.,оl}к,fr,riГr,1 Опе cannot do business at
two business seasons at а time.

{Ш'ft 1'ýl'к t immoral behaviour lЦ,qq,ý",ёш,ft q.ý5.K.Tlq<.1.

i\3Ч'ЦК'trК'В11 Of course the students will behave
F<'1<'аяп'ffqr'аi<'ft'.Qц One печеr knows where
immоrаllУ when the teachers themselves behave that way. business and fights will take place/ Serrse impПed:
uncertainty

Fl' 5 оч' ý{I uпdеrеstiпrдlg ,н,F1,5цч,Ф(,ýчý,l,аrТцк,

Ф*' ýч
ft
},оl.,оl5q,о life-partner <к,\,1пцý.1<.еlýq.цi.ts.q<.т111.аtr1.
ý11 yq\

пdч,5{-к1 One needs to search а life-partner that suits one's Ф('6чý,fr{'ч,\5l It becomes ап insult if you underestimate
а реrSоп.
personality.

В'1\'.цк'lЩ К1'1КlВ'5чý'qI over-estimate ý<,tл<,&,.Qк,кh,ýк,п,"J,цВq,

in one life-time Q,пýq,&,ч,Б,ltq.,хк.qВq.ог
ffq,sE,tr аЕq,кý,F5,1ккl,В,5пlк,кi,f1&
к<ч,gк,!,{:ак<'Yп'ч'i5! }etsun Mila achieved the state of Е1 considerin g а child
to Ье а great scholar is а fallacy of over-estimation.
Buddhahood in опе life span.

197
196
Ц'аll Q,о,il F,frt,T,frll linritless/ too nruch iq,к,а5,q,ýп, аFяпк'3'{пlк1 steady/ reliabld а confirmed and good
УýýлА
а,а,5 к,з к,!, i
ý<'Ч'
<,.Q а, s r Without intelligence even if one Пvelihood аХяпк,з,6Цк,6f<,пr,ýlк,*&,gтlф,пкк,$аtrч
studies hаrd will not lеаrп anything. I аm thinКng of undertaking а business to have а steady and
good livelihood.
Шdl'Цq'1}'пi11 fame and eminancg ilrýý,5ý(,1аl,кFЕ,fi,gfi
пdlqq,qЭ,пR1,1.'qq'о'ýqi51 Рrоfеssоr Namkhay NоrЬu is tsч,gо,.оl,,1ýо{l harsh words and idle gossip Вlgп,<1,аgч,
а famous and eminent scholar.
!,ft,1\,пi,q<,tq,Цч'rll Using harsh words and idle
gossiping are in the list of ten non-virtues.
dq' ыY<к' Ц'
Ы
] паmе and reputation Y5,g сш:рп,},п dq,гlЪ-<к,
ý
ч,gх.,<,Fd<,аrк,п},5ф.ч.&q1 All of us should respect the Нп1{Ffr 1'[ senseless words tsк1{FПlтпlqбпgт1{(,Э1
паmе and reputation of the Tibetan nation. Ш'ýlЧ'6Г<'\'Rtl Ш you hаrЬоur senseless words it will make
you unhappy.
ЦdЫý'Ыdе!ýJ at times/ sometimes Б\,ýý,,fýý,о.t,шdпкl,аtdшк,

iЧ'1.'О.'Оlq:'бч'\'е'it Duгiпg rаiпу season sometimes I

Н1'{'fi'Пq|! useless verbiage/ hackneyed language FqK'
sleep until пооп. а о *,бý Xq K,IYK, l к, ч т,, п о q.,\,
'фlф {ч, ч
<, q, п1,
trx,fu 5, Е 1

i1I If опе uses hackneyed language in the meeting,

N d\' o.lR' Х1 beauty and youthf ulness ц d{,ýч,оJ(,Fql,кh, definitely the chairman will certainly stop one frоm speaКng.
ýЧ'
qпк,ц,iк,аý.,qо,5ч,8.о iq.n.inlol It is extremely difficult to
generate рurе renunciation when опе is young апd beautiful.
Щ'атq'Нlg1 Lit.: а word for а wоrф Sense implied: to
disobey r.,Ц,lЦ,qq,о.гtsl,аrq,Вq,9ч,Еs,,ц(,ý5,ft,ý<,1 one
ОЯ.'П'iЧ'iЧ rusVcrowded,/ squashed together ý'ч\'qЕ,'ý' should печеr disobey one's teachers.
K'a'Kq'{q'agoJ,ýgý,ýý,.{t.,п
iч iч,rif5,6Гl,к,ilJ тhеrе is
always а rush in India whenever опе travels frоm one place
to апоthеr.

а Fýq'a а
i-l I,о еаrп one's living ýаl,d<,1Вq,.'.r,з,1 п <,dй1
1
E,aFýq,atrai-r.3r.g..i"la,<ч.Q.5q.rjf5.i11 It is difficult to
еагп а living if а fаЙilу has mапу children.

198
199
 ы{п,fк,l1ы,аRlк,&,gп,1 Lit.: а fiпgеr cannot pierce the
Ё\ sky/ Sense implied: something that cannot Ье done

ыЕк'tsК'lК'fi1 consdous of one's Ьеаuý/ concerned with

<,i,Fi1 <,a,Fi,X,{l <,r,Fi,ýl,к1 keeping things topsy one's personal арреаrапсе {'6<']'FK,arEK,ГK,l<ýl,Q,5T1
turvy/ wearing clothes untidily/ а mess of things ffffi'
с\ - -\<.
3l,q*'Ф'*'аýlп't51 The young ladies go to market taКng
Вш'd<'ýч,['('i'{'t'ш'пqý Never keep one's home uпtidуЛп grеаt саrе of their beatrty and elegance.
а meSS.
+ý,\<у\
s{{N'Цеl'чТN'ЕЕ! beautiful as well as grand gа,,mi,gк,il,|,
Ёl'Ё1'\,
-d -d лё
al,[ aimlessly <h,ý'qк,бФ,trs q,],Е1,{5,{1,ч,а к, fъýý
5
ar
}, Х,аrЕк,пil,пlЭ"'qqч'gч'rll The princesses аrе beautiful as
ОiЧ Му lazy friend is wandering aimlessly. well as grапd.

a!{.t.Kзl.ý](.:ýJ profound friendship ыЕ к' gч'&1'б., 1 beautif ut and lovely ýк,к,d<,аr,ш*.,\.Ф.,о,

ýN'\ýN.ýý1.кla.E(.g.{5.
аrЕК'gч'&5'Е.'1.'\'Й5! То all husbands, their wives арреаr
!'аýо.l,п,кr(а,п3q,1<,зп,6('5t In the seventh century, Tibet and
China had а profound friendly гelationship. beautiful and lovely.

ы(а'п.Qк'liq,оgql friends and relatives ar{a,elзq,l}Týqк, шЕц'ft'шЕк] Lit.: whether pretty оr not пЕц,fr,шЕц,ýq,ыFЕ,

бf,<к'о.l'пд'.Qк'п]',ilк'q! Tashi Delek to all friends and ý'frl'aГr1'o.rK'K'i11 Beauty lies in the eyes of beholders.
relatives.

ыFqq,шы,gк1 Lit.: an old dzo knows the way better/

o{o'{q'ýl'ýФ1 important to point out ý,ка,}-х
ч ý.,0*,R5,
\ý
Sense implied: to have more experience ("6f1'5q'ft'E,r^l<,
{s,ýs,ппq,Fr,н{п,q-q'ý5,qаr'А1
ý 19 ] | ] s It is important to point out ыFqq,"lа,gк,В,п,&11 Although I am not well-educated, I
those who use public рrореrý for their personal gain.
have mоrе-ехрегiепсе like ап old dzo.

ы{п'&-1r'{q'.{{] Lit.: whеrечеr he points, that is the еаsV

al{1'K'{mK] the mапаgеr and the staff зl,Qк,а],аr{5,ц,{оlк,
Sense implied: very harsh rule ý'Flк'}<'чh,Е(,ýе,{ý,r
a,g,rr'{1K'K11('1 Please hапd-очеr this letter to the mапаgеr
qr'$Цх,'ilJ In the old Tibetan society wherever the finger
and the staff.
was pointed at, that was the east.

zOt
аЕq'ё'('frа''чýыl the three: preservation, promotion and (ц,аq,6q,{,51{,Ц ring lеаdеr оr чеrу naughty ýoКngly
propa gation Fк,ýя, alla5,q а кl,!,чк,ачqt,..,\,Г*.оЕтё-..
expressed) Цп'ýq'ы'l'1"lt'{'З'l'О'Вq'(<'1 Wtrere did the very
ýч'тlцаl'3'g'\'&q1 The activities of missionaries аrе to naughý guy go ?
рrеsеп/е, promote and propagate their religious beliefs.
к,
Rоl,Rоlао,ао 1 domineering and wrathful Е-к,$,ц<,пr,qш
аЕq'1фlv{а1 tbe beginning and the end of а class оЕЕ.т.
БЧ'ý'Рч'РЧ'(е!'(Ц'ýýЧý'К'l11 ТЬе Dhаrrпа protectors always
{qч,{к,lпц,ýЧ<ý<.пý(.ý.i5l The bell rings at the stay in а domineering and wrathful position.
beginning and the end of а class.
аьапdоп lying and upholding the truth
ýl,fl(ý:ýiE,qEl]
q
fi ý,ý{l,L^,{,ýýI development ýЕч,.l{чý,ýёl,ц,\,ýý,а. х,<,ilГк,к,ý5,q{1Е,(Е,fl <к,п\1аЕq,qq<,5{'к,п,& q1 If опе
лУ-
аltr{r,rаgа,l,qе,а\пк.5<.п.l11 wishes to become а practitioner, one needs to аЬапdоп lying
Five hundred thousand
rupees wеrе received in ddnation for the development of а and uphold the truth.
factory.

q to smile а{ы,5цаr,5qш,ýl,еrрq,d<,еr,ш,lкlа,1{'к,
{ы'lýц'5ýа{|
Tq'art There is no need to feel h"ppy with all those who
smile.

q{ф'lýl'ч('зýI to strive for admission оr recruitment ft.

х,<,1аrq&х,,а{о,.чtч,о]..ýý.ýý.э<.6i.ц.iГ..l Though he strove
hard to епtеr in the аrmу, he could not get admission.

аЕШ'il'ппl'R11 heedless/ careless цч,fiпк,ч,аЕак,frl,пqfr1

ýlq,аr,<пк,!,ý-t,к,ilt It is uncivilized to Ье careless about а
country's laws.

qЕеtк,r{Еык,}'1.Yк1 to Ье саrеfД <.пЭ.пh.iк.gаЕа.rк.сrЕшц.

ТqЩ,ý5,g,Х<,еr'п|lа{'\'l11 Опе forgets to Ье careful after

getting dЙпk.

202
20з
 /ч\ /q\
ý'qr'ык'&<'ý'о.l'ацq'к1 Lit.: а coward fox challengrn8 а q,18:gы,аl,аýпк,к1 Lit.: taНng а shoe aS ап example to
- 'make
а hаV Sense implied: wrопg model
lion ц,qr,аr к,&к,\,о.r,аlq,(,q,ýч,ýчýýq,& q,к,яп1Г51 It must
Ье а bad оmеп for а cowardly fox to challenge а lion.
K,fi service and respect n-1, ft Хк, 5\,q ý5,o,,,q ý ý,
,
,
qп п
ý{
ý
ý{ I
цаl''i'цш'ft| dеаr and distinct iаr,чк,qqк,фryцо.r,Q,цо.l,сir,
fl,пýlп5,ý1(,lч'gп'аfJ Tibetans offer service and respect
as best thёу can to the spiritual communities,
аПlК'df<'1 Gradually, the news will Ье clear and distinct.

qпк'аý<'R{'U1 lay and monk Tetinues пр,Вliq,бВ,оJ,qýý,

аýк'&r'6'{<'пq'аr<'ббf1] Panchen Rinpoche had thousands
of lay and monk retinues.

,Fч*'
collecting and offering donation,
]п к,пýо ý* I
ft
q a.l,a

some people
!к,зq,{Ек,6ч,аfпк,пцк,ý,lш,q<,сш,{l,к,rs1
соllЁсt donations from-the riсh and оffеr these to the рооr
and down-trodden.

Gd{,dJ,кl1,ы,cl5ý,ýý1I glк,ш,аНr,ы,{<,ý] His nrouth

is
like ап eight petalled lotus and his mind а thorny plant

qerrK'q1'{l frowning face/ angry looking ý'<'qаr'lк'11'б

dГl,Е,rrл<,gпlк,ýык,ца<'баil'аll Though he has а frowning
face he has а good heart.

(N smiling {асе [<,\к,(,с,{,g,N(,qф,r K,al {ш,

qф, { N, ы
{t,,
е,1
I

204 z05
 цl<ý,ýqЕ,тЕ(.ý(.I Yesterday, he smiled
at me. Q'а'чЧr,*,{r,rш<,пкы,g,t,Т1 Ечеп when cat has fallen
asleep it still thinks df mice.
ý,gк,.,п<'ýý] реасе, increase, роWеr and wrath ý]ý(.цlý.q,.
япч.}.{5к.lý.q.Q.g".lq<.ýтl.пsч.6Гlt q.,1ol*,ýolý,{1ýs,,l The thrее : farming, forestry and the
In tегms of methods,
sесrеt mапtrа can Ье classified into
реасе, increase, роwеr and animal husbandry sо.,,Fý,щ{,sк,tхq,бdГ<,п,ч,Q<,1qк,хпlк,
wrath.
пlgаr,lкl,кr,rхr,gк,1{<,1{к'к't51 Fоr the development of а
сочпtrу, it is absolutely necessary to improve the techniques
[ peaceful, humble and modest Q.trч.п1.6('5.q
ai"5
Q' trа'П1' ar к. of farming, forestry and animal husbandary.
1ý'пh'пýк'сl}q'ý'пхq'ý5'&51 Being peaceful, humble and
<,В,п,.{ф-к,qq,{r
1 рооr peasant
modest аrе the features of а spiritual guide. il
Q<'Ч' а Р-к, qq 9,ý<,0,q<,ц' 11
Most of the Indian fаrmеrs аrе роог.

ý,пý,rл,rпк1 peaceful, huppy and civilized g.ft.а.пýпц.цi,

яа,lЗч,п,ýч,
Q.'SЕ'*о'ýчý,[ feudal system Q.,lE,*o,ýKlK,\,er
[. TTi i Q П] ur'<ПК'!'gч'lпп,ltq,l51 Tibet was а peaceful,
huppy and civilized nation Ьеfоrе chinese came ýч,ч,t]l The system of feudalism is not bad in all respects.
in.

Q'"1Ч.8'"ýJ fоr the security and Ц.,sЕ,Q.,оfý feudal serfs and feudal lords Q<'ý1'5.'Q.'o1o]'
реасе цаr.fr.Q.п\.g..Уо*.
а'1<'5{К'Ч'tý| It is essential to keep an аш,Таil,q,ýlбЙl'i11 Тhеrе is happiness when feudal serfs
агmу for
Р,
the^ТТiЧ
security and реасе of а country. and feudal lords аrе in good terms.

Q'Пý'ф<'аеlк1 calm and peacefui цш.ft.qпк.шgq.бrjfll.q.цаl. Q<'{K,a1o1,oF-^l Lit.: machines for ploughing lanй Sense
н,Q,пý,Q<.ааlк.кк.!к.di-..I r the people in а country аrе implied :
tractors \<'к <'Ц'l'к h,qQк'атlк,1,,л<,Q<,ffк,аlо,l,
harmonious, naturally there will Ьъ cdm and .{бr'is'{s'iS'K'i51 Tractors аrе used in Tibetan settlements
реасе in а
country. l lý lg l]

also these days.

Q,iч,т}",о{ык1 both peaceful and wrathfi:]

Е(,.,а.чý<.т Q.'"",ш,f;ч hired for farming Q.,**,а,ýч,\,аltrft,пrд,
ý,iч,тlЭк,q{* к,!,яп к,чш,ý]ý(ý,6i'5I In Buddhist treatises, Ш<Пlк'сY11 I have hired fifteen people fоr fаrmiпg.
both peaceful and wrathful means are explained.
QЫ'Я1'}-11 very tasty
а<'Qеl'яq'Fl'ý.'{.'] The Ьееr was very
good.

206 2{),7
ýq'ы{'qХ'ф,ýх"ýý,6J{,1фl You need а lamp to look for а('\'
Q'ПХq'ý:КЫ1 ieels inconvenienced and disappointed
another lamp. ,к ы,"rк,}к,6i<,п,&q1
rft L lц,Уr.r,rl,зо1,1,5Ч,Еq,ч,Q,пlа,s<,ýiк
11ý п,& \ х
When а disciple gives back his vows, the spiritual master feels

qЫ'еl'ý<'{Пý undaunted соurаgе 5,п,lч,Еq,Fgý,<r,шqil, inconvenienced and disappointed.

аi,Э,8.,То",1(,Еl,ц,5{-ý.о.&1I It is necessary to have

undaunted соurаgе to achieve а big task Q,{1,.., i.' l relaxed and easy going п Yq,agK, ц,
аý5,чq<,ýý,Е,

Q,{l,.с.,i<.,сiq,а,ul<,iа'Вl'цп'gп'!'i11 One can accomplish а

great purpose with сопtЙuаl diligence even if опе is а
Q'Eq'Q'oEq J hatred/ animosity <,Ft<,ш,q,Р-q,ц<,аЕq,ý,5п<,tr al,
relaxed and easy-going реrsоп.
V<,q,п],ý5,сrlк,!к,SГ<,1 If all of uS аrе not over-powered Ьу
hatred and animosity, thеrе will Ье happiness automatically. \vý.^?
Qq,Фч'{.,Rч,Тq,оl to feel disgusted and show апgгу

Q'.q'trч'е'ар-о.l'еl1 enmity like boiling liquid poison Iч,В-flý,

eyes |ц,N(,qý,ЕЕ,о.l1к,!к,<,аr,Gq,аiч,ц.,ffч,*,чq.,\,оsч
Frоm yesterday onward the tеасhеr felt disgusted with me
*l,
Q,
< q,
ýч,
q, q ч, aýar. q, rл ... ..
i 1. *. о] }-5. ч. al к. 5 1. *. ft ч {: l
.

and shows his angry eyes.

Though опе shows enmity like liquid poison toward the
епеmу/ it does not hагm the епеmу Ьut in turn it hаппs
early to rise and early to bed
oneself. бч*,Ё'**ý,1(,1{(ý,З'э"l
цlа,ц,ýN{,ц,Хк,{qк,ц,аlRN,1(,5Ц-(N,ý,1"l,ý5,ч,i1,1 New
brides аrе early to rise and еаrlу to bed.
Q'qч'Еч'оо<ý| to hold evil thoughts in one's hgдfi чýц,ý.
i q,ff ý,qк,lп<,qк,чЁ,[ч,ý,(ý,q,Еч,Еч.пs<к.ýЕ.qк.5ý.аJ.Т(.I
ч'
I печеr hold evil thoughts in mу heart since I гесеiчеd an Ф' il, t' а'-.,1 ni s с е ll а пе о us е х р е n. " $, g ш, tr Ф'ý-5'
о е {'{<,
empowerTnent frоm His Hclliness the Dalai Lama"
л.,{.,trТ.,пl,аr <'{a{'\'i51 НЫоаd, miscellaneous expenses
аrе very high too.

Q'ЧЧ'$^' go | сruеl thoughts and deeds Fк,к,fi q,l,Q,чч,ý<, gп,

*-a'tt-"t If one is а practitioner/ опе should abandon cruel *, оiЕ] to expose others' f aults ЧЧi'ý'ý-л'п {1
fч, {1
пl п
чч, ",
thoughts and deeds.
aft ,ý5,к к,х, <,}1,.rr,K q,YqK,K1<,cxr <' fr
1! It serves по pu rpose to
oneself to expose others'faults.
Q,frq,a-l,K| nausea illh,1<,H,aýatrK,Q,ftq,tr1,\,oýol When I
travel in an automobile, I get nausea. G\ с\ \/ !----.---.':-.:_\._>a_.
Чýl'R<'ft,,lЕ1 not,dependenV perfect Fi,^,,чqq,i<,fi,а{1,

208 209
 ц.r,flrýý,(,БЕ'('{5J
ýrvr
Не is а gтeat Scholar Who need not right to follow simply at what others say, опе should examine
depend оп others. whether it is good оr bad.

чqа''та5'ч immeasurable/ that cannot Ье repaiЙ

flql'аýЕ'N'еl}К'К1 ап outstanding/incomparable ý<ý.ýý. ' inconceivable
Уп, q q, а *' g q. t fi,кh,lqщ,trаlкh,ц,Rl'ч'пQq'qк'аЁq'}q'tr
п
i {q. о. * ..
.
к. к
.
5 чq Е.
о ar ar Q.
5 ч. о, Q ч..^ 5 ]
Buddha shakyaminin is а great outstanding perfect tеасhеr. 1аr'ГК'5r1 Due to the inconceivable kindness of Buddha, His
teaching is flourishing in this world.

чqq'ýi'\('ý51 оr,,"', own and others' happiness FK.argq.ý.5.

ý'ýl'q'чqЕ'ýl'r<'ý5'аГ<'ft1'ill оlq,а5,t ,аýпк1 baseless under-estimation or insult чql,щ,
If one's activities аrе in
conformity with the dhаrmа, there will Ье happiness for one's qQ,аl,цr,а\пк,ýl,кfi,<<,i1,5gш,пr,а{оfr,gl То disparage
self and others. others йith baseless under-estimation оr inйlt is а cause fоr
one's going to hell.
ýlql,ýýl,ýёаl,п,ч,ýк,}ш,ч1 to feel huppy очеr others'
baseless over-estimation &-1,5l,fr 1к,ш,аГq,5q,
suffering ч(чq,ýч,ýfl оJ,ý,,\,ý(,а,ý,5ф,ч,о.rк,ý<,tsш.5.ft .1<.1 ЧQ'аi'ffо{ч"l
one ought to feelcompassionate but not happirress at others' бГ5,пr,ц,пt,чQ,аt
{оYчк'i51 tt is а baseless over-estimation
suffering. to praise somebody fоr having good knowledge when he/she
has not.

flEt'iE'ý\'ý(NI to take the responsibilities for others'

ý.\ ý. \/
чG,аi,чý,оЧ to nrake а base out of baseless Sп,Е,rлч,gк,
welfare чqq,{q,ý\,д<к,чý,5<,6п,8шк,lка,q ш к.}.5п.Нq.i51
It is the commitment of Boddhisattvas to take the чТс,g,*к,чQ,а5,лlQ,пY35,g,5пlо,.*,В,ч,6Г51 It mоrе is
responsibility for others' wеlfаrе, difficilt to start sоmеthЙg from nothing саmрагеd to
improving an already existing school.

flýl'Yl'qaq'ýr1 to dispute and Ье partial to others Бý.ý5.Э.

ý,n€
q 1Qк,ýк'ыlб.!,r{ЁыN1 the reunion of the exiled and the
\. i 1
t.ý Fq к. q ч ч t. Y5.,le t. ý r.
.

i ý, Е 1,q <.
ý"l. al ы gq. к. бi-5. ai-<,

native аьт.,пh,i,п,
1

If relations amo'l8 the political leaders аrе strainetl, thеrе will 1Qк,ýк,{5,ft,пlы,аЕаlк,1<,пi,},ы,gr,tr
Ье dispute and partiality in the society.
бГit We hope the day of the reunion of the Tibetans inside
Tibet and those in exile will come чеry soon.
1qq,Эr,Qк,а,ý(ýJ to follow what others Say щч.ЭN.ч<.&Е.
щ<,ýqч,155,31,1ф.о.*к.lсlq.Эr.iк.ап<к.5.ft.1<.1 It's not K]Q,r,alK,6o]"l а well established base/ strong foundation

210
 1а,п бЕ,ýаr,Ц-l,д]ý<,\,чqц,g<к,lQ,r,аlк,{тlк,аqч,6f51 At ч{q,ое,il,фý,Е5,П,ýý,зýI Ап old man's wisdom is
present the foundation of the Tibetan government in exile has better than а youný man's might
ьесоmе well established.

ýýý]ý,5(,е,,ýýlч whether to stay оr not F,l,q,g,*,*,

gfr 'Ъ-ц' f unda mental rights s,ч \,&,s,E к, gq Q,si,I'п,
я к.,
]
т] ar
Q' ýýЧý'1('аl'ýSЧКQК'!'аf'| I don't know whether he stays iп
а('ýýl'ýЧl'Й11 Sеrrеп fundamental rights аrе mentioned in Lhasa оr not at present.
the Indian constitution.

ý. п к' fш'К1 к,а plenary session ý qчý,rq,,rчк,аtrh,Flк,

ý.
the basic condition \.,*.,Ц-5,ýчQ,ri,о11",
ýý ýI
1Q'Sft'lqк'q(о,1 Чбt'r:! Who is the сhаirmап of the plenary session ?
q<к,urq,бdГl,Зк,5п,пцпlк,ý5,о,а11 It is announced that the
basic conditions in Tibet аrе quite good today.

\\/ to strengthen the main path/ the

цG('цы'фqN'ýд!
lvl]
construction of high ways Е'5,ft,qшк,!к,i,аl,с,л,п<а,Qh,

чý<,*rеr,аlк,кr,пYк,п,i51 The Tibetans constructed well

the high-ways in Himachal Pradesh.

flý<'Rык,аQ.'аtl unwavering patriotisnr оr lclve toward

the government Чq('& п к'а т r, &5,q ц N,а],gf,J,чЗк,к,q,п,i51
People with unwavering patridtism аrе called nationalists.

1ý<'RelK'5K'{.! sincere loyalty/ faith in опе's governntent

чQ<,ý 5q,ббf5,q,5g{к о {'о я-",чf.,зп,}, ы,а 11 I f one has
ы к,
а firm and sincere loyalty to one's government, опе cannot Ье
deceived Ьу the enemies.

ЧG('&&'N'fr
lv1ll
&!'5ч рurе loyaltv ft,зч,qпк,аl,л,lq<,Rык,qБ],5ч,

5ф,чh'пlа,ýо'чq.'ч*'В1 It is very important to advise the

students to develop pure loyalty to one's govemment.

2|2 213
 r.\ and essential meaning iq,lK, зп,{q,оlqr ý-*
Д'
er h' п 1' <т1',rr,п

gп,э,ill опе can discover the profound and esserrtial

meaning with the help of а teacher/s instruction.

t.е!Fý'r{ý('БI[ПNI to eat and drink frugally/ wise Цving ,r.l,qк,l,ý \,,1

з,цlýý,r{ý(,iltо",Зl,Е,.,ýl,оý.,ýl,i.'о'сii'.'I If you eat and
drink frugally, your food and drink will last long.
д,ý,qý(,ý,ы(,q,l1qI фý,g,fr(,g,1(,Е,lчqI It is better to
*hurr"
Йо." food and dlinks, Ёп? fe*er complaints.
з,g,Rl,к,аlк,пql,g,il,rylчql It is better to go without
*food
than to Ьdthе source of others' gossip.
з б,l, ы,
J uninterruptedly/ continuously fi
Б1,rJ ic"l'
пh,lеlк,frq,ап,аl,а5,ч,пqqк'&-11 The practice of mоrаl
discipline has Ьееп unintemrptedly саrriеd out from the
teacher, Shakya Muni, to the present day.
зы,&,Эы,&1 to feel lazyl inactive Iт]q,оJý,п<,бвлl,q,зш,&,Эы,fi,
аЧ'\'аll If опе is very tired one feels lazy.
:к,ф,lкаl,оУrl food, clothes and wealth зк,{к,lчч,аýr,

с\ \/ r/ q.ý, ý. gq,gш,Flк,ч,6Г5,1к,}-к,3л,gп,q,3,ч'а5] It is best to pгactise

з'пri'р'Фl'q'сш<,а{,па,iil,к,il,аýпl Lit.: Even though опе dharma when опе has prosperity, ап abundance iп fcrod,
may have а mouth fоr eatiЙg, one does not have а clothing and wealth.
throat for it to pass through./ Sense implied: Wanting
something yet not being able to have it
:ý,(q,чýr!,lý &,.q,чо,ý,lч Bad food is body's
епеmу and an evil пrап is соuпtrу's епеmу.
з, К1, r <,\ к, о, а1,{5, п-ч, eq l Lit. : If опе does
31,q,ýц, r,^l q,

not limit one's eating, the belly is upto the knees/ Sense зý,ф,:,еlrýN,ýl q,=,gQq,&,b1] ф,",Уq'оrýN З1 E'{q q
implied: over-eating is self-destruction
gЕ,fr,Бl1 If one is frugal in eating, thеrе will Ье no
Йоrtаgе of food and if one is frugal in wearing, there
:,Lц,r{з('щ! things for eating and clrinking ч€чN'Тя('{d('<'П' will not Ье shortage in ciothing.
о.!'з'O.t'с{ý('щil'х'ч*'аЕ'бi11 Fоr а healthy body, it is very
food, wealth and рrореrtу/
=K'ir'б<K'i11 Lit.:
imроrtапt to have рrореr things fоr eating and drinНng. Sense

implied : prosperity ы'fr 'i'рi,ак'{*,'ff<к'ý5,а{п к,чh,gк,lпп,

аý'Ъ'ýlЕ5'fr-Ш1 unfolding оr the discovering the profound
ЧВЧ'iil Аmеriса is а very рrоsреrоus country
abundance of food, wealth and рrорегtу).

2|4 2|5
Э'&<'1'ft<'! hustle and bustle gоl,к,Э,ft<,g&<,а\,а5R,q<,аl, rчý,ýýý,зчý,тýýI about to falY ready to fall i*,{.,q",
Qык,оl,fi,п,Еп,9,5ч,{r1' It is difficult to get .Q<fl,к,аrячý.ýýý.зýlý.lпк.ý5.$,аýý1 Ttre fruits аrе about
реасе for the
mind like this йhiсh is full of hustle and bustle. to fall from the trее.

Эq'ш'Эq1 just about 6,F5,51к,Эq,fr,Эq,ч,аЕq,т,6i'5,1'5l тhеrе is Чýý'lЗý'Е {'!{ | carefuУ cautious/ emphasis {аr,пfl,trк,тlап,
а class at just аЬоut 9 o'clock. ап,11,5q,ш,ýlq,аП-qк,}-q.В.о.rtl If one is not careful in
meditation, it won't Ье fruitful.

ё{'ýqý'аý'КY<'I Lit.: seeing оr looking through the edge

оr соrпеrs/ one сап see the whole thing/ Sense inrplied:
ЧЗý'Чýý'&Ч'&Ч very cautious ý'па.r,ý,к,аrdпч,о.l,пýýý,ýý,
indication is enough qqк,фаl,а\i,{.,чt.,l{",Э,о,t5т €.,
qý\f
чзý,чдý,ýч,кч,55,5чýl Опе should Ье very cautious when
Пgк,сiп,шб<,i51 Ttrere is по need to tell anything about this one reaches the Indo-Nepal Ьоrdеr.
iпfоrmаtiоп. Arr indication is enough.
ý.ý,чч
ЧJ'ýаl'rЧ'g('l empty vessel sounds much
ё{'.liN'ý(':5J о snrall disgression frопr the topic \П'а\h'q<'

*,Tl D,н-. sr,а{к,g<,з5.tqýк.яtrч Tibet is discussed in а чЭч,нч*,ýl,кh,{<,g! Lit.: а donkey wearing а tiger's
small disgression iп that book. sКn/ Sense implied: artificiaУ not reaYmasquerade

,ýа,(1, dýl
чЭч, X.,ffa ý б,!,fl
3r'З'iq'П{5] sarcastic and criticaV cynical criticism ý'ýý' Lit.: а musk dееr hopping
бЕ,У*,чý.,*,ýý1,!,ýr,а,f пГ1,3 TD,a-tt
аГ5,к h,п пеаr а leopard's lair/ Sense implied: а cowardly fellow
Чý<'\к,g,лlr,tr
The Chirrese gочеrпmепt always sarcastically criticizes the pretending to Ье bold
Tibetan government-in-exile iп India.

ЧЗЧЦ'il'&ý'БчýI Lit.: а shadow without а fоrm/ Sense

Эа,,g,g,ffаl,Эх,1 абl,g,ыqа,ы,оJ,Тч to scold one's implied: baseless blame тlgпlк'i5,".l,ýп,апlк,п.ql,кý,пбк,
daughter but hurts Йе bride.
пЕк,&1,к,ilt It is ап insult to complain about а shadow
without а fоrm.
д'}'а ы' аГý! alnlanac fi:!f,Q,q<,*1,5,ffаl,ц,п<,ffпп,!,r;fl,к,п.q1

ОiЧ In the almanac, it is said that thеrе will Ье heavy

rainfall this уеаr.
1зчц'аl'frп'ПЕl to сrеаtе а form whеrе there is no forny'

2lб
 чзч",о^:,q,iп,п56f<,{q'i51 If thеrе is no fоrm thеrе is no ýз(,ft,ýЕR'] whether good оr bad fr,аr,аýк,1,&шк,пз<,&,qз(,
cause fоr а shadow, ft,ч*l without interaction one will not know whether оr
not а реrsоп has good mind.
ýlёd'lqý'ý('Eq1 honest and impartial 1gтqЕк,ý<,Еq,ý,шк,
ТВt'q'ЧЦ'Эк'Sч'п{:'ýl'Э'о'ill No one will criticize if one ýд(,qq,Еl'Ц\] the gap between good and bad ýк,glш,к,1<,
works honestly and impartially. <q,кh,lпr,пд<,q{ý5,кl{,1qш,к'6f51 There is а vast difference
ЬеМ,ееп sublime and evil people.
ýз('(q'qý{'{ý
tl Lit.: iпtеrсhапфаЬilitу of good and Ьай
ч
Sense impПed: ups and downs ft'ВЕ'qч'аr'ý5'ýч'ýз('(1' ýз(,аq,(Е,{^] ,О abandon bad and to adopt good ýп,Е,аl,

аgr,ф,х,Fqк,6Г<'\'i11 There will Ье ups and downs in In schools опе is taught to

ý1'"rш'па<'аq'<q'{<'ýо'чq.'\'аill
one's life. ibandon bad actions and to adopt good behaviour.

qЗ('Тq:('ý] getting better and Ьеttеr Е-к'ýl'q'Rпк'ýз(,т ý:('r\'ýд(,а,1,1(,(q,r.l\,(l,а,11 to respond positively fоr
ПЯ<'1а{<ý'<'51 If one practises dharma, crne's mind gets the good done and negatively for the bad done oEq'TR'
better and better.
11
Jпк'ч,]'fк,п з<,{х,,п д<,(,.,q,1(,(q,r{\,<q,,шq,ýl,gп,к,i
al The
able and wise administrator can respond positively for the
<'fr бr' ф' (' Б(' 1 (' ка' к Ё, (r, a.l, gfl good done and negatively fоr the bad done,
:
ý.,, n th е со mра пу
' ,
Ц I

of good people, tea and сhапg*аrё served and iп the

company of bad people, опе gets а beafing. бПЗК'qк,ft,ý(,,1оJ,lý,ý(,J д man is ruined ьу sleeping, not
Ьу eating.
ý:('ýý'(l'oiE] to do good for sonreone and to feel bad
ýзN,ý:N,DN,Iп,Ычч ýа,ýq,ýк,а,ы,з(,] Ву eating too
ý.llýý\

in return пкеr,ý1&5,еrбq,ft,к,<r,п:<,ýý,э<,6{,(t,trш{q,
Even though you do good to mindless/thoughtless people,
they feel as if you have done bad to them.
пruсh уоuг mouth has gotten used to eating and Ьу
walКng continuously you become familiar for climbing
up the hills.

ýr('ýý'(q'фq'J to respond negatively for the good done qЭ, аYы,Q,Yе,

t grо88у ffqK<,aгa<,a <,{а5<,{<,qЭ,T }-п,T }-еr,

ýý(,5ý,(q,o{q,ýTo,Ч,8",g,<q,Kh,qlK,t51 то respond
БЧý'ý('I l Ьесаmе 8rо88у during the new-year celebration
negatively for the good done is а sign of bad person.
from ЁгiпКпg too much.

218 219
пЭ,ýi,ý<,15ы,rý,ф,ýýI А drunken реrSоп brings his secrets
to the lips of his mouth.
rф
п5lк,l}к,ч1,1 gооа both in quality and make ý.{<.1к.пYк.
q,Бl,ýgýl total desperation а'6 т g'ýч'r{'аq,пr,lqlаl,dlк,
шftъ,нq,\FпYцк.qýк..цЕч.gч.tr5l The things that аrе made
in Japan аrе good both in terms of quality and make. \il.q.ftl.&EI I shall not seek others'help until I am in total
desperation.
r/c\ v
ýЁ'Gi('q ýЧ'ЧýsJI agTiculfure, nomadic and industry q<.пЕ.
yýv
пr,ý<.аýq.lýа,.,л{.9ý.ý1<.Е.ý(.ryщr.gк.а{-ý.týt Тhеrе wilI a't'gt1 scatter-brained ý,q,R,g,i,Хк,оlк,l,аgкl,кцп,ý,аr,i51
The scatter-brained реrsопs will not complete their work.
ье development in а соuпчl if thеrе is ап improvement in
agriculture, industry and nomadic life.
о q,i,rq,il inattentive ýо,зч,ол,i,Ц,i,i,F",lЦ,qq,ý",fr-ý'ýý'
ПFШ K'n-q'ý11 indus trial product ulч,gк,}q,кh,п5шк.d<. ш <. rлq'бlq'ý'ш't51 The inattentive students do поt listen well
пFсшк,Ъ'l'ý5,кч,зч,ý<.6r5J to the tеасhеr during the teaching.
All the developed countries hаче
excellent factory рrоtuсtiоп.
q'gý]'ЯЦý'Зf] desperate and helpless gýч'ппý,з5'ч<,q,ft,riк,
ПYl'ЯП К'5аl'п ч<''цс'з5'ý5'Э'rý1 А person mау do arrything whetr he is
1 uпЬеаrаЬlе/ g,& к,Yl,к<,пYl,яп к,5 оl,пi.п qч,
desperate and helpless.
1Yl'п5<'п't51 The Chinese have exploited the Tibetans
unbearably.
g,ýfl,В,Еq,9(,ф,ыr(ý1 Lit.: А desperate dog jumps at the
walls/ Sense inrplied: helpless

ý{,g\,\(,\(,1 noise/ uрrоаr ft,а<,gч,ý,\.,\.,qч,Оr*,\,оýч

The mоЬ is running towards mе in uproar.

g{,ч5il,5Тч,а1l disrupting ruпоurs еlrýý,ц,qаlN,g\,ý]5il,

lТч,Oт$,чqЕ,5п<'trft'аffп'i11 Wise people аrе not очеr-

powered Ьу disrupting rumоurs.

220
g{'d'i ап еха88еrаtоr gЧ'd'{l'Оs'О'В5l Don't Ье such ап
exaggerator. /ф
g{'g\'ВсJ'Вн1 -itb а bang, uрrоаr E<,Fp,K<,erdq,p<.,gx,gr,
ýýv Ш'Рfr'ý'Ц Lit.: the setting suп/ Sense implied: old age ДГцк,
Бф'Бо.l'ýц5'к<'1 They spent the whole night yesterday in ап
uрrоаr. trк,ч,рff,},аr'1<'шф<к'к'&q1 Grоwiпg old is like the setting
Sun.
af6'1\'aýK1 Lit.: like the mixing <jf water with mitk/
Sense inrplied : very f riendly <'Fý-qк,{1}к,{6,лlЗqаlк, н,рh,ý,еr5к.,q,пfr,fiо,чЧ Lit.: the setting suп and the
qr'пQq'аrr'ТбГ51 We two friends аrе very friendly, hаrd to Ье fading shadod Sense impПed: to have Ьесоmе aged Ь/к'
separated like milk irr the wаtеr. q,цtq,51к,н,пh,h,ш,< q.,а,пý,ý
fi,qa,K,Ф
ч l l l lý 1 l I \ýl l п,qff 1пк,ý,'< q.ý.\^1l
Only religious practice сап help when опе becomes old.
tr1' В ы' fr ы gl а ri п g/ gli tte ri п g 1-5, В п, а^ ш, & r,{я п к,s 5,1 R <, rl,i 5
1 J

All that glitters is поt gold.

ot,lTý<,lT Lit.: nine PaSSes and nine valleys/ Sense
il'Эr'{<'111 havirrg thousands of rауs of light q,,,!-qK,R, implied: distant аrr,п,}-к,!,ýiý-к,!к,ч,51 ý(,51 пgпк,i,g,
ffi,$,1к,аf5,Э.,{.,qq,Э о'qк'1 The sun with thousands of rауs 1r'lQпк'к'i11 ТЬе translatcrr Маrра Chokyi Lodoe visited
of light rises frоm the tф of the еаstеrrr hill. India Ьу crossing пiпе mountains and rrine valleys.

{К'Кh'апllJ а deserving responsibility ft,,х,&q,q,шч,{ц,цh,

ф'ýЕо,l'ý('ýЕо'J Lit.: to cross mountains and valleys/
ал1l,цl,q'iк'кr,ý5'}'i51 Апуопе who is giverr а deserving
Sense implied: distant and difficult travel ý'ýч'O'з<'Тчк'
jоЬ will definitely accept the respoIrsibility.
Еý,о.l,ý(,аl(,бпqш,Е,Ц-5,trпýп.}.а51 If you сrоss mапу
{К'ППК'gý<'] whoever is deserving/ аррrорriаtе ýп'у'{к' mоuпtаiпs and valleys toward the поrth of India, you will
rеасh Tibet.
rl,ý,ъ(,щ,Еq,ý5ч,ýТчqч,чq('Чý'чЕ('1 Please appoint а
deserving student as prefect. а.l'l'пgп'q'g{l1 Lit.: очеr ечеrу nrountain pass there is а
slope/ Sense impiied: after ечеrу difficult tinre there is
[K'.Q<' ы dы ý' <l
l fittin8 and аррrорriаtе ý<,1\,qq,lЕ<,п,],{к,
а good time ч,&, ft ,Вh,q<,о.l,аr,ih,п gп,Е,gтi,Qк,к *,ý6(-.,\,
Q<,аrdеlк,ч,Qч'ý*'оýч It is very fitting and appropriate for
him to becomei tеасhег. rll Тhеrе will Ье good time after ечеrу difficult time in оur
life.

22з
222
шl'ыiR<'ф'g ý('з('J
Lit.: long аrm with short sleeves/
Sense impfied: mап of ideas but having financial
фч,(,ч(ý,Ц liberal hапФ Sense implied:
generous/spendthrift/extrava gant о.lч,ýч(ý,ба ,аý,
problems alq'el{i<'H'з,ý(,e(,5чý,qK,arK,lý5,.r,l1,ft ,аtrч 5,q,fi
I саппоt do any wоrk because of financial problems &'o'ilt If one is not generous, people will not come to one.

аIЧ'аNI 31'аЧ Lit.: hand рriпУ Sense impПed: legacy/ feat фч,<т{,ч,аr5,Е,Еs,,е,rц{,5,аЕrl Lit.: If опе has а piece of
Ъ-q, frб1 к, &, ý i, {ш, п fi R, ar 1. i ý. l., l.
,
к ш,
,
<, ý. ё ч. п q п. оY5,
meat in the hand, the birds will hover in the sky/ Sense
ý. ý
Thonmi Sambhota is credited for leaving beЙnd the legacy of implied: If one has knowledge and wealth, others will
Tibetan writing system. gather аrоuпd him.

о]ч'ýs''ýfl'аЁlк1 Lit.: to climb а rock with а maimed hапф ol1,rnq,aýaгiK1 deserving to put into practice оJч,аq,
Sense implied: а fool's attempt Ъ'к,к,frl'чh,{ш,п,]1 аlл1,5а, аýш,{к,кi'ilк,qаrк,Rк,чr,trаrq,frl,аýагlф1 One should
ýп],аt,аРlк,к,а51 А meditation done without hearing put into practice those things that dеsеrче implementation.
teachings is just like а handicapped реrsоп climbing а rock.
Hl'frq'B:trK1 to practice as much as we can ý-к,Г5.пql.п.
.д,ч,(,1ы,Ч
зтlы,Ц Lit.: tight hand оr fisV Sense implied: qшк,аll,Qq,trt,trк.аýш.$.&q1 We will implement the
stingy/nriser/ opposite of spendthrirt <'fi'ýЕ'п5fl'аlý'rl'5п' resolцtions passed as much as we сап.

бQ,5q dГ5'а|! Our master is very stingy.

шl'сtq'аýш'q(ýI ways of putting into practice Rl,K,fr5,q,
аlq'('d'trý'fiы'Ц'ýЕ] Lit.: remenrbering а pincer orrly when аrл1,iq,аýаr'х<N.э<.iц.Э.о.ilТ If one is not intelligent, one
one's hand is burnУ Sense implied: to think onJy when will not know the ways of implernention.
it is Ыgh time to do sonrething &q,d.1,1пч,ltлl,g<,ýп,ý<,
е,.кr.5Е.rl.5<.чtl.л.r^51 studying Ч
1' 8
q' а {ш' fr fl а w еs s rа с ti се ы к, {<, n шт1,i а{ч, fr
t\,5ý],ýq(,ýý,акl,ч,d,lк,fl q,
l
11 р 1 5,q, 5,
hard during the examinations only is like burning one's hand
FЧ'ТR51 It is difficult to have flawless practice if you do not
and then rеmеmЬеriпg the use of а tong.
have ехреriепсе.
c\qy
аlч'<!'ц!'чýl'Ч'ýДýl'.IJ Lit.: clapping with опе hand/ Sense
аrlýч'уFlк1 various crafts Е.,*ч,i*,1,Fqк,ч,аrрк,ч,i51
impiied: inrpossibfity кп,],ч,пtп,\к,пýо,к,пgп,яп,urq,6is,п,
не is sНlfull in various handicrafts.
all It is not possible to ciap with опе hand.

)] l

225
 ф ц, R Rr, 1 f asVquicНy/ immediately Ё-1,&кl,н el, & <,al
(, a.t s{, at,
Щ<'<'&Ц'l| swaying/ hanging ч1ý(,1<,оlч,ч<,<,&<,R,lqаr,к,
R<qý'qFч'бR11 It is difficult to learn Tibetan fast.
ПУ'аýЧ' Meats are hanging from the rооf in the butchers'
shop.
оJN,(q,ц,{(,\к,к,5к,11 аЁlк,lф,о,чЧq,|fr,fiшк,l,RЕ1
а.t('Ф('цl wНle standing <,6f5,1:к,lý'оJ(,о.l(,ц,&ý| I Lit.: If опе has not committed negavities опе пееd not
have
fear even the соurt of yama, the lord of death,/ sense
been awake since 5 o'clock
implied: There is nothing to Ье afraid of-

ЦЕ'lТБ5'Э('ФЕ'lтNý]l о,lЕ'lТБl'ttýIl Lit.: to join nine

цý'r{ýý'IяJ<'aQr1 Lit.: То stand the test of the law of
times ечеп if something is hoken nine times/ Sense
implied: to trу again and again 5'п'аlбQqýёý,ц\,аt1lq karma/ Sense implied: honest fftr,чк,l,чý,.,rýý,lц(,
aax,,ýlq,Q,rqrxqбt11 It is very good to реrfоrm one's duý
6
5,gR,а|1,5т аrз11{'к,r11 One has to try again and agian
that stands the test of the law of Каrmа (honestly).
fоr the accomplishment of а great task

фý'r{ýý'q{i11 the infallability of karma q<,ч,fк,аlк,апк,

ШП'fr<'frl'Кt without апу controversy оr complaint о.tý,л1,

пд,fi 5,ш,&1,Вк,ý5,ч,t11 Buddhists believe in the infallability

чч,fr<,fr5,кr,еlgl,пýш,gQ,5п1qшtЕ,бt11 It is very
of*kr.*u and its rеsult.
important to complete a-work without апу complaint.

oJý'g к.чYl'шFq'&'ý'цо.,6Гl,т Lit.: А son who killed his фý'qТе'ъч'аlý|J continuation of the remaining work <К'

fithеr has his reasons to state / Sense implied: justifying п,аlк,а{ш gч,.lý5,з5,D,& Е1 I wil l continue this
".rK,la],ffiK,
опе's wrопg doings. work next уеаr.

*Об'{чЧý| Knowing how to rеtrеаt when опе is оп the ý Lit.: sheep following one another in а rоw,/
ýýl'ýШ]
wrопg path/ Sense implied: to know how to confess Sense implied: continuously опе after the other 1ftqK,
чal,{r,{qýK Tý('бIII То avoid wrong path is wise.
цагRк,sq,Ql,ýýý,ц,щ,яýк,.Qк,q,1 gs,t*,ol1.,1{",K'fi
q1 Опе

should strive coitinuosly fоr variou's means iп оdrеr to fulfill

шш,{r,l,п{r,*,аfl1l Fб,q,оТ.,vfrll Lit.: If one loses опе's aims.
one's way, one сап retreat, but if опе says something
wrопg, it cannot Ье revoked/ Sense implied: This shows
head and
the seriousness of the sifuation when the wrопg ýý1r,i:ýlm,qK,ý,q,aХ<,1 Lit.: to hang sheep's
information has been conveyed. sell dog's mеау sense impпed: to play at fraud оr to

z27
22б
 deceive $,!,Щ,g, ft i,ý Tg"q,*o, {:п 1ч,lK,ý.q,af<,K,5<,
ýý,аrq,d,аl,ц{,чТ(,Ф,ýо],о,оЕ^,{q,аrl There is no reason
ar

1tqH't51 The Chinese policy оп Tibet is like hanging оr to have dark spots оп уоur face if there is no physical
showing а sheep's head and selling dog's meat disorder.

Чч'б'q'Yqt Lit.: to lose а sheep and obtain а hоrsе/ Sense QlK'}K,qц,5Y1l Lit.: analysis of good and bad/ Sense

implied : good Ьаrtеriпg/ gain рrоfi t q,Еп,q,gп1ý-ч,rл<,аf5,п, implied: wisdom for analysiy intelligence Фlк,ýк,qш,lý5,
&51 It does not matter if you lose а sheep fоr а horse.
лл е {
qq,кЁ,fi,5<,а{чц'5чо{I Опе should ассоmрапу а mап of
intelligence.

ýЧý'SIýЕ'ý('ЧqЧ lawfu] and honest Д'ý'''1'ýý]ý'аtgЕ'5('

,пlк,ýч,lý,qзll Lit.: to distinguish good frоm bad/ Sense
чqч,3тq.бffч.сl5аl.па<.аrк.\.а11 Опе will get а good
implied: examine, рrоЬе, investigation, distinction,
reputation if опе works honestly and lawfully.
difference аЕ1$,\,{к,qк,81к,ýк,lВ,оýтr{",к,&q1 тьеrе
should Ье а distinction between good and bad frоm the
ý(.,Ф(,ЕR,\,1бq'Ф<,1 Lit.: А small leader of а smаЦ village/ administrative side.
Sense implied: А big fish in а small ропФ One is trying
to Ье overly bossy in а small village.
filК'frш'}*'оi-ч Lit.: to increase goodness and avoid
eviY Sense implied: correction аqq,аГl,к h,fr
,q
п K,!,аlK,lt,
ý(,ryl,ф,f 1,ýчý,tI д,аri,ш,tsvýчN.il Every region has
its own dialect and ечеrу priest has Ыs own reПgious ,iтlк,frо.l,ýк,о{ч,з,Е,lе{! The duty of responsible people is
tradition. to promote соrrесt-Ьеhачiоur and stop immoralities in а
socieý.
ýý,l(,fiý,ы,ýаqт Lit.: like а body and shadod Sense
implied: inseparable оr always together g 1('.lýý'ý'ýý'l(' Qq,1<,ar,fiE,ý(,l whether опе accepts от not ýl,r<,\K,aq,
ýп,ш'пQq'tr5.'о'&Еl Good amd bad deeds аrе followed Ьу ъ(,a,,aE,ý(,<h,{K,lK,g"r'K'&q1 I offer it to you whether you
соrrеsропdiЙg effects like а shadow following the body. accept it оr not.

ýý'ýi'Fe'ý'l(ýl physically and mentally fiY well and vý.

аirоý.ýq.5..аВ.рr.5п1. Lit.: То Ье medicine for а hundred
good r,сgк,п]раrк,l<к'&ql l аm fine. years and ЬесоЙе а poison at deathr/ Sense implied:
Vеrу helpful for а very long time and just the reverse at
the last moment.

z28 229
ffq<,i,пQ|t every уеп1 <,ffqч,l,оQq,{t,чlq,l,а{ý,df51 Bvery
уеаr I go to Bodhgaya. /ч\

б"q ч,ffч5,1 уеаr after yearl continuously q<'q1'}'{пlК'ч']'

ffqк,аfпg5,],11а,аlч,п9ý,q,щ(,о.tý,ц,{r,ý,fi ,ш,l11
The iппеr
dry bones/ Sense implied:
realization cannot Ье generated so easily even when you ч'flы'ýý'flt{I Lit.: sКnny and
strive fоr years after уеаrs.
weakandfeeble [<,\к,Ц 3{q ýч нц,ъý,fl аrе!,Бýlý,ýх"1"lс{,

ý.\ ШК'Пfq1 Не worked hаrd for the Tibetan cause until he

ф,зчN,чlк,t.{{сltl Lit.: increasing сrорs and cattle/ Sense became sКnny and skelet.
*implied:
А чеrу good уеаr in wНch there is good
harvest and animal breeding.
absorb into meat"/ Sense
ч,ýч,абII Lit.: letting the soup
implied: to put into an intended use {q<'\'1ýщ'чqR't1fi,
ffшк'а5к'пýпц Lit.: the leaves covering the fruits/ Sense
implied: too much writing spoils the meaning tsЧ'ft1'tr s,цТ<,п,Чч,вч,lаr'5<'п'i11 Using government mопеу fоr
just like letting the meat soup absorb
фrrеrпmепtаl proje*cts is
шк{q,ý,апк,gп,пýпк,к'1{-к1 Do not let too mапу words into meat.
оЬsсurе the meaning like leaves covering fruits.

q,ýr,KlK,ýr1 Lit.: То have taken away meat as well as

ff<,пк,пqк,g(,Fыý,1ýыl Lit.: Ечеп the blind can see the
three rеаlms./ Sense implied: Something that is well
known to all.
sКn,/Sense impЦed: to take away everything g,ftK,i-l,qч,
q,ýr,KlK,ý*'ý5'o'i1l The Chinese took away everything
frоm Tibet.

gепу
,iпlк,1\,чi, ,t<,el rц,
g1, ц1 blood lineage/ рrо
fi ft
ч' týý],

кч,qВч,цfr,а\,$6ql
lr 1 l
People of one rасе have the same blood
ч,
'
lineage оr рrо8епу.

Stale meat is poison and rancid

ч,а(,trч,5(,о^,i<,ýq1
butter is medicine.

2з0 2з\
 ч,Цq,{*,аl! Lit.: unavoidable love/ Sense
impПed: siпсеrе
q'Тl,еrх,'пýч*l Lit.: to add butter to mеаV Sense implied:
to give help to those who do not need it loyalý .'{1,оlý.'*ч'Qq'{*'ата'l! I have sincere loyalty to
хч'dч'{1к'rа' the Tibetan government.
ýr,оiч,rч,аr.пýlк.ý5.чi.{Е.&q1 То help the rich mап is to
add Ьчttеr to meat.
ч(ý,q]Э(N,оr,Ц prominent nose ч(ý,чЭ<к,шFп!,аrdl,кз<,
g'i-r'trvYrt Lit.: dispersing of flesh and bones/ Sense QЧ'rrl А prominent nose is а noble size.
implied: to destroy completely ý'т,'1{q'чh,1,(,d(,ц, 2еrе
чк.,чý"ýý,&ýI Lit.:
to hide in the east and wesv sense
ffr,g,ftкц,Е<,1к,}-r.trп5<.п.t11 All the monks of Sera
Monastery were completely destroyed Ьу the Chinese in 1959. implied: to hide everywhere ft,lYl,пrрl\ч{,ýý,ч(,тчý,
is hiding,
э.,Ч,о,оlЗо1аЕlgп'!'tlt Whеrечеr the murdеrеr
Lit.: the епеrgу of а stag and the east оr west, one day he will Ье caught.
ч'Цh,ii,l.,1{'ffi,о.,|
расе of а male antelope/ Sense implied: an ехаmрlе of
strength чЦ"1оа i*ч,fr it,l.,5{1ffi ,п <,a5J youth has the .!,рl,ы'},d,а{q1 t-it.: to chant the Mani mantra in rush on
епеrgу of а stag and keeps the расе of а male antelope. one's death-bed/ to do something at the last mоmепt Q'
use to recite
р<,аrfi,Х,а{q,35,э.,оЕ,YчN,Ф<,] It is not of muсh
q'd'А'ыfi' арреаriп8 чеrу affectionate/ pretending to Ье the Mani mantra in rush on one's death.
very affectionate g'fкц'd'В'а{отп'rýr'g<'1пlа'g'R51 тьеrе
is nothing to feel huppy аЬоut the seeming affettions of а i,r,{кl
,l\9 \9l to weep like anything/to сrу to death ft,<q,ý,аrlч'tr
8l.l.
Q,srsВi,э<,кЕ,Ъ'lк,ý5,Э,о,itl Even if you weep like
anything fоr help, evil persons will not care.
Ч'd'qЦ'11' рurе love 5\,qЕ,ýкц,d,qаr,51Ъ-т1glх,,пfl ýý,E,'<q,

Е-пlк,Вq,баГ5,i51 It is of great sеrчiсе if tеасhеrs teach очt of (' ц dЕ,о,r,ф-<,< <,ý

рurе love fоr the children.
q'di'p'ar'l5ш'ýq'a1l Опе cannot
ап affectionate persorVmouth,
Q'la'iilal't to sleep like а corpse |а'N "l,п,G,:ч,
оýч 1r<'фк'чfi'lо.r'{1о.l'пgпк'аýý Не was very busy
tait night and this mоrпiпg he slept like а соrрsе.
expect sweet words from
.Q'a5r'{a5l1 to settle at опе place for а very long time

although опе does not like it (mainlY due to service) d5'

2з2 ?"
 ,Хк,чк,1,5<,Щrý,п5х,,{а5<,ýl,ч,R11
ft Tibetans mostly stick (,ýз(,цчý,кh,f,пl,хъоlI Lit.: to let good wood spoil
to their first job fоr а very long time,
чпdеr its ЬаrV ý".rr" implied: Fоr eg. Ьшуiпg one's
knowledge and sНlls usеlеsф,
Чч,l,trч*,Еý,qк,<lа,а,ýI Lit.: Hoping to obtain sinew
from а louse/ Sense impПed: empty hope 1шчф'1('оrq' Lit,: А sкllful carpenter
' ,,".d ,roi Ь" аRц,,tr<,о{ч,аlt
Q<п5т.rрк,ý(g
good artisY Sense implied: One need not
q к, g к, к i, r^, п,
ý 1, ц, 5 <, 1 3 1, п, t 1
п r, r^, п,ý,.Q аГч
ý ч, ý,
", Ье sНllful in ечеrу field,
1

Expecting реасе and happiiess in а communist country is

same as expecting sinewsfrom а louse,

Lit.: А wooden Saw cannot cut wood,/

Ч.Yч,Ч.,ш,ft,а{
' control one
Ql'оl'пgп'э.'{.'оh'3'q.'t Lit.: even if а louse crosses the S"rrrb implied: Persons of equal rank cannot
neck, it is (still) at the other side of the сопаr/ sense another.
implied: опе cannot go too fаr
to boast of strength though one lacks it
fflý'аl'tЧК'{Ы1
iЧ'аq'^'fi"iJ Lit.: coming of а louse in between one's nailY ý.,l,t tч",R5,к<,glк,{аr'ý,оsч
What а pity !Не boasts of
Sense impПed: to verify оr рrоче F-.'\'он",Сн,\,п\q,к,&1 strength he lacks.
чiQl'е5'r'ý-5'зо'{.'1 His information has Ьееп verified as
А mоmо in а glass show case/
truth.
i*,S,q.,fr1а,-ч,rч Lit.:
Sense implied: attractive but of по use gш,{R,цк,"rа{q,
iý]N] Lit.: Тhеrе is по need to
,
.Qп1,1 V5, к r, g, t, а r, fr
5 g<к,ilqýа,S,q",\,i'ч,il'ч,1.,чЗч,к,i11 tr а рriпсе is not
brandish ап ахе to kill а louse. Sense implied: able, he would Ье like а mоmо in а glass show
case,
uппесеssаrу action

.Qк,il,пд,ý] intelligenV brilliant Ъ'1,&h,аr 1ar,tr П-1,1qýviкl,пд,

.Q<,
у а ýп K,q {ч ý pla nting plants F-.,цч,ý.,ё-о,3,аlýi*,q,
1 Tibetan boys were sent
п,пg фк,п5<,п,l1! Sixteen intelligent
а]пк,аfiк'31'о'r5t Planting plants is being carried out fоr to India with the minister, Thonmi Sambota,
the епчirопmЪпtаl protection.

.QK,g,шE<'ý! extent of knowledgeable and observation QK,

.Qк,g,п,а,,1аl'Е'ffы,fr,цы1 Lit.: If the root of а trее is not
g,arЪ-<,g,qdlБ,lrrr<,rxqK't51 It is good if the extent
of
rotten, the leaves won't dry up"/ Sense impПed: If the
root of anything is not spoiled опе day it will come up. knowledge and observation is great,

2з4 2з5
 Qк,а,fr-1,1ш(Nt wise and broad-min,ded sц.Fý.а.5ý.Е*
оOq,ýýч,оз.,ýq,а(lt Тhеrе is а danger of taНng
i".a.
o.1'ф-q'rrr<K,п,&q1 The head
knowingly when опе is not happy.
of а nation should Ье wise and
broad-minded.
.QK'trq'al'ýi1 use of education and learning ýl,ffк,па<,К,
аi'1,1ýк,аr5,аlý'l,tll1,Щп,O,rll опе сап utilize well опе,s
.Qк'ш{тl'пJЕ'r'Т1 pretending to Ье knowledgeable and
knowledge and learning if опе has а good motivation.
honest ft,Y 1{,],Fкýк.аrfi.к\q.шfi.ýl.Э.ат The
hypocrites will рrеtепd to Ье knowledgeable and honest.
.Qк,6fЕ'пкы'ýi intellectual thinКng/ love for educatiory'
interes t in lеаrпiпg ý к,сjГq'п к ar' ý{й1' к R' fr 'щ'{*t* I Discuss
.QK,qlm,rýýt educated and decent ýý.ý.,^,ч.Ца.rý.ýq.qак .!к.
and get suggestions frоm intellectual реrsопs.
q5,u1,1пк,q*,чtч,е-с,I The students frоm good schools аrе
well educated and well behaved.

н-о,$,аlЦ,пh,ýп,gdqк,g,пýпlк,ч't11 Sераrаtе Tibetan

Q"'ý"'бч*'FII to the extent of one's knowledge and schools wеrе opened for educating the Tibetan Children.
а ty < к, r <, \ý К.
bili к. F5.В
1.... *. {Ч к. к. ý 5. }. & q I I w l
trK. Q-1 i l

ellend mу help to you according to mу knowledge and

abiliý. {Ч'ТlО'=q1 Lit.: рареr absorbing oiY Sense impýed:

реrmапепt mark {qк,бgq,sк1шlаr,trВl'{'ýr'.lЧч'sgО'

А f Ал

i",oýq,T}ý,5alEl Lit.: One who is low in educational аl,пýq'trаýN'0'{1] If опе accompanies а bad friend, опе will
standard and efficiency/ sense implied: used for an catch bad habits, as реппапепt а mаrk as а рареr absorbing
expression of one's humbleness concealing опе's oil.
knowledge and ехреriепсе.

{Ч'Т1.'О6.,1 Lit.: А рареr being саrriеd away Ьу wind/

i*'frl'дl'о*'I stupid and dr:ll Q*.аi.дl.е<.\.Fк.<ч.f,ч.аl. Sense implied: easily carried away Ьу rumours 1qК'{аr
ЧТЧ"'ýТft'gý! Stupid and dull people cannot do anything Ц'о,uч,{ч,ý 1<,Вr,1<,п Qq,ý1(, а,ъ<,I Опе should not Ье like
except manual wоrk а рареr саrriе-d away Ьу wind as soon as news is heard.

i",оQq,ýч,.{ý(,I Lit.: to take poison knowingly/ Sense Lit.: taking а paper foT а cloth/
implied: to risk danger knowingly/ ýак.ýlба5.ýкýк.
ф'gтrк'{ац Sense
impПed: Pretending to Ье what you are not.

2зб 2з7
{ч'нч'а.'аd<к1 Lit.: to inflate а paper bagl Sense implied:
fo piovoke someone against others, /ф

чi,чQ,{оý,чЩ пlа,пfq,{пý,чВч Lit.: scolding to

K,frK'{frKJ Lit.: ..where soils and stones have соmе аЬоuV
death/ Sense impПed: to rebuke оr scold terribly. tý'ý('q1'
*S"r,Й
implied: А place where опе is Ьоrп.
о.l1ч'!к'<'н'пlа'пfq'{аý'чвч'чЕ('ý<'I Yesterday the teacher
*
rebuked him and me like anything. Lit.: Pebbles popping-up оп а
",оF-l,Ф,аr,{аgr,а{ql
levelled grоuпd/ Sense inlplied: А miscreant among
ýЧl'Ч'{ý'lЧ А good сепtrе of metaphysics пчl,ч,i.,ý",*, peaceful people.

А
q\C\\
чlN'чаl'Б'Ф('чбч'{'\1I сепtrе of metaphysics and
meditation аrе equally imроrtапt. ý,qЕч,ý.llq,I(,тqýч'fКJ Lit.: danrp ground as а mattress
and а cold rock as а pillow/ Sense implied: То have
ýчl'ýi'ЦЕ.о''ý\] easy to talk to and mееV accessible <'ft' endured hardship. fr'о,r'<<,5п<,i5,ýý,N,,lýч,ч5q,5<{qвч,
tк,$,ч,ш,q 5,а,п.ql,п J,б5<, el еч,п],баi-l'а ll Оur Directclr i s
{".ч.ýi.iф.о.еql When orre does nclt have freedom, one
very easy to meet and talk to. has to епdurе mапу hardships.

пq5'iкlк'l5еt'{чýI А реrsоп with whom one gossips/
соmрапiоп/ friend Р-<'<i,пq5,{1к,кl5ш,{qк,шq,блltп,сfrq1
Не is а very good friend with whom I сап discuss things.
Пq5'К'gil'{1'ý's{q.r,е,I Lit.: Scolding one's daughter is а
subliminal remark on the bride./ Sense inrplied; An
indirect hint.
*,5Ч,qп]о,а(,I The fоur different Buddhist Пneages in
Tibet, viz., Sakya, Gеlug, Kagyue and Nyingnra.
к'шХ<к'{ы}-<к1 Lit.: То junrp tlver land and rocks./ Sense
inrplied: excitenrent {1 & Хк f,1,{61,1<,l/gаl,п,iq,{В,ыааr,
The Tibetarrs jumped with joy at
trк,к,ыЕ-<кiпЬ-<к,5ч,iГ<,]
the sight of His Holirress tlre Dalai [-;rma irr the film,

ЦqЦ'ýЧф'ý5('ýl to riпsе/ to gurgle (e.g. mouth) Fшh {5'\'

N,е!r(N'ýlЕы,ыts<к1 Lit.: То junrp очеr land and in space./
Sense implied: overjclyed.
ýч(,,ýчd,,,ý5.,Ч*I Please riпsе the milk pot.
N'Еф'пNýN'а'i'цпt А cclllectitln tlf soils fоrпls Mt. Меru./
0Il
-
Sense implied: Small things nlake great things.

2з9
2з8
ц,ч q ý, ý,Yч 1оса1 ц,дllý,к,Ъ-q,\,51а, <ч,ý щ, g\к,пllк, к,Ъ'q,\' ц'RЦ'Ш'RПt semi-dusk time, at about dusk q.h,ц,qчý,rЕ,ý(,ý,
ш,iп,dеl,тq<'s'Qпк'5<'1 Му father came home yesterday at
5dq,ffi'чк,ач{аll It is the duty of the local officer to solve v g
about dusk]
the local problem.

к,ы,iп,{rr1 just Ьеfоrе dusk

кгl'я<'пlкаl1 Lit.: The linings of earth аrе сlеаr on the
1п,к<,<,к-а,iп,Sш,цl,пfrпк,к,&q1
Yesterday I rеасhеd home just Ьеfоrе dusk
ground./ Sense implied: No matter what опе says, one's
deeds аrе obvious through one's actions,/ Vеrу сlеаr..

\9 {<,qк,пG,ыrl
N,ы,{ý, Lit.: То use а lamp Ьеfоrе dusk,/
Lit.: ,The remains of earth and stones./ Sense
Sen se imрШе}: Тоо еаrlу to do something.
"'r{{
implied: ruins чqц,аq,пч,i,к,ý{],F](,ý(,9,ýl\,flQ(,\,
K,ч{<,ftd<,1 clean еаrth and clean rосk./ sense пlq'{пfq'ý'аГt'аll Today gочеrпmепt of India takes саrе of
the ruins of the great holy places.
inrplied : Clean areas. к<к'gк'},цпбq,\,1qк,Вq,Fч,\,N,ч{(,

{кld<,нк'gп'ч'i51 The Buddha statue is made of clean soils ý'фý{фý't Lit.: Soil and stone work../ Sense implied:
and rocks frоm the great lroly places.
Manual work such as worКng in а construction of а
house. ýЧ'ý'i'т<ц'ц пк'i'5,ft ,XK,K,o.1K{чK,g<,g<,5K,K,i51
к, 1 h, а
з,
dJ,.1
ý,
5
iч
1
(,,,
F 5,
(,
ý,
{ч ý l Lit. : ns е cts о п
t,, &! а, а,, I
Q
In 1960's Tibetans worked only as manual workers.
earth have thеir сопrрапу and birds in the sky have
their сопrрапу./ Sense inrplied: Ечеrуопе nrust have
one's сопrрапу ý'ýчl'Тýч51 senseless telk trк,Fl,пз<,{ý,к,п95{п.q5,<<,
пý,r,,1,цтlк,к,t11 It is foolish to spend one's good time in
к,i-1,5r,яп1' Lit.: То weave silk uпdеrgrоuпd,/ Sense senseless talk

inrplied: То plot а conspiracy, to instiga'". Э<'абЧ'l'*'{q]'

ý'lý('{Чý('J Lit.: Secret soil and stone/ Sense implied:
5*,,яl,Fаrк'Q.'о'i1I The riot was caused Ьу underground extremely secret ffк'аЕl'пg<'ýý,Е,ý,чý({ч". Ф,ý,i51 lr
instigators.
spies аrе аrrеstеd matters of utnrost sесrесу would Ье
disclosed.
l
ý,с\q,l,л.''| whosoever g'&q,l,rл(,(ý,F,ч5l,кs1,\,&Е1 -itt
challenge whosoever it might Ье. ý('qs(ý'ЧЕ(ý'qg(ý| Lit.: delaying for tomorrow and the

day after tomorrow.,/ Sense implied: Procrastination *tN'

241
 ,y1,ý<,.rgRý.ý11(..lg(N.З5,q,dr.g.lпq.Tt11 It is difficult to
finish а task if one procastinatЙ. El'lTq'бil! Unassuming and modest scholars аrе very rаrе.

*.,Ч,оl1.*,ЧI Lit.: Dying tоmоrrоw or the day after &ш к'я1'1 {(,ý ý5 J fully determined Yl,ft ,tп1{<,яаl,к,rл,ir,аýr
tomorrow,/ Sense impПed: The uncertainý of death.. ft' gr,8ак,ят1,1{<,пв5'i5! One thousand Tibetans wеrе fully
*r,ar{q.QK,fi &tеrmiпеd to go to the United States.
5,S<,KK Q,qq<к,.Q,цк,пql,gп,Э,rll Who сап tell
when опе will die, tоmогrоw оr the day after tоmоrrоw, as
humans аrе not clairvoyant. а er к' <{,| sad and mо urпf ul &fi
,пh,Qк,
g,R а K,gT1y(1q,
ý,
ýTl'
ýч,ýN'т(,(q,бqк'1<'rл<'fr51 It is of по use to Ье sad and
ý('ý('ýq(ý'Чl(ýI Lit.: Тоmоrrоw and the day after moumful очеr the death of а person.
tomorrow../ Sense implied: Рrосrаstiпаfiоп N(Кl'sý'Ф'

тl'tп' &еlК'КЫ'&1'а51 sad and distressed <,Кч,х<,\,к,аl,л;l,t^l(,

Lit.: to teach Buddha the alphabets/ Sense
implied: Unnecessary and imрrореr efforts ýшк,кп,&1'а5'пgкl'g'П5J W" should печеr let оur раrепts
feel sad and distresйd.

ý(ý,gN,а!,1Uф,ý,Rq,бЕI 1ýф,ý,о,!,ý(ý,ФN,Rq,ýЕl Lit.:

Hell is grateful to Buddha and Buddha is gTateful to Rык'Пl'u.l(*'Ц easy going оr broad-minded Rшц,пl,rхчк,б
hell./ Sense implied: Everything is interdependent оr fr5,q,чк,lЭq'бý5'gп'!'а'i51 One cannot реrfоrm а great job
mutually beneficial. if one is not broad-minded.

ý'ýз('ý'811 Who is better and happier.. ft,Вh,q<,g,ýз(,ý,85, Rык'аdп1 зчN'qdýl wоrrу/ hesitatiсrrV to Ье agitated olK,
(N'ý'ýý'Э'sl'аIl I cannot say who is better and hаррiеr in
1ajh,}'1,al,& ш к,аdп,qq.,&,5{-* l Yclu п eed п ot wогrу аЬоut
their life. this task

Rшк,6<,6<,] ýчý,RыN,Ф(,Ф(,J nteek, piously humble qh, &ЫК'аdП'ý:г<ы] nervous and hesitant ft,зо,ё.,pчк,!к,Rпк,

ý-qK,{glK'&arK,6<'6<'i51 Му friend is meek and simple. аdп,5<,ýlкш,<<,&,В,пýн'п'i11 some silly people spend their
lives in hesitation and nervousness.

&ЫК'6<'ппl'fl{l unassuming and modest цrýN,(,&еlý,ё<,ýч,

&ШК'glК'fl{'ý1 То boost someone's spirits../ to епсоurа8е
ýý,$,"r,ýпN,tчк,ёl,а!,япк,ч,аlрк,чi,5,к't11 It is wise act

z4з
 to епсоurаgе sоmеопе inr/for sfudies. Rr'ы'}'П'Кш1 dоuЬV qualrrr/ suspicion дlQ<,{q,"rýГш },е Fer g<"1,

пlа'а!'q5{-Кi When one feels doubt очеr the meaning of а

Rеlы,{r,п1 ýý]ý,&Ný,б,оl to admire/ to fall in love gF text, one should ask

шЕк,аl,ч,ýк,к,F&шк,ф,"q,i1l А mап falls in love with

beaufiful wоmап. Yr,ffпg,qч,ч(,ýбl,Д1 Cutting urry ol the ten fingers
would Ье painful.
RеlК'fi'Пl'цt(ýI relaxed and easy going ý-<,1&п,ч,пr,В,п,
ý'ýЁЕ'Кý!N'аQl1 reliable and durable {&,p<,K,qпN,ý,ýqE,
Rшк,{5,пкl,rл<к,6il,ч'i51 Most of the villagers аrе relaxed l ,|1\9 l

and easy going. 3qK'Qr'6C5'i5i Stone buildings аrе durable and reliable.

Rr'ý'{1'ýl{q1 t-it., Monks and laity; old and young/ Sense ý'ýqq'qgs,'fr 11
imnrutably firm fl
к,g,5еr,чi,5ц,ýб.r,qцý,ý,ýьq,

implied: Дl people.. R r,5,{1,fl ý-q,6<,al,H,K дýк,п J,a5K'qI аgr'fr5'6f,<'! The pledges clf grеаt beings аrе immutably fiгm.
I wish Tashi Delek to all, monks and laity, and young and
з|l

old.
ýq'бRтqНкl
rl Lit.: А cannibalist disguised as а human../
ý

Шф'Ьý] gricultural implements g,ч {,ý,ii:1 Sense impПed: The wicked pretending to Ье good.. {1'
R.iq T.r' а [а к,d<,
п, п

Э,Тчg,qчhк,ýа,бftr,п{"Э,ý5,ý",,тl,пq<,5к,di51 The
ш'пYg'qк'}-1'к'i51 att the agricultural implements in India
Chinese implemented the policy of а cannibalist disguised as
аrе рrоduсеd frоm industries.
human on Tibet.

ff=l,tl,gч' Lit.: It touches the palate when the teeth is

exhausted./ Sense imp[ied: Becoming older.. ýтff&-q,к] School-goingage ý<
al
fп,trt-q,чi,з,lчi" бfl i",l
Не has two children of school-going age.

Vаr-lВч'g1 аlопе/ one-self р<,ч,а\,ffffqЗq,g,н,п5q,q,щч,б to advise and guide r4,NN,лý1п,{(,\,ýх*,ý",

Sо'оlýt*'ýч
e-l'ill It would Ье nice if the house is owned Ьу you. Paretrts always advise and guide their
чýt*,tч,ЧЕ<,ý,i5I
children.
VVVЧ each апd every/one's/ individually ft,Х<,а,ffffff
ffi,нк'1'1r'яч,Вr'Э'ill Everyone will strive hаrd to do ý]N('g'Ф'аýlNI То hawk tlr disclclse secrets ечеrуwhеге..
his/her work

245
244
 ffкi,чк,атlЕ,чЗчi,ч".,g,ф,пцсlк,ч,ff ,чТ.,о,i,&q1 опе of implied: dim \п,а\fr,1<,ч{q,lч,п,ч",чýаt,о{,s,l,чкаt'аýЧ
clear поr
the duties of spies is not to disclose secrets in the mаrkеt some of the meanings in this book аrе neither
place. ambiguous.

who is skillful in the art of speaking, t'

ý]ý('ЁЧý'ф'ПЦlК1 То teach Тапtrа in а mаrkеt place чý(,ýЧl,fij Оп.
к,п,Flц<,пЧl'rQ'sч'аГl'ill The people frоm Lhasa аrе
(sarcastic rепrаrk) чý(,цчN,Ф,пцчк,ý5,t'Ql'кýq'tr'В1 rt is
very skillful in the аrt of conversation,
а great non-virtuous act to teach Тапtrа in а market place.

qRx,,ý,ыla.l,.lýý1 Lit.: То mix gold with

sand,/ Sense
Чý('ý'В'ýr1 disclosing а secret Хlк,fi,Х<,аl,ш5q,бfr5,q,qк<,п, ' iriptiea, То have both gclcld and bad together"
}'g<'аi<'шfi'fr51 There is по doubt that secrets will Ье
disclosed outside if the mеmЬеrs of the club аrе not fгiendly.
' gol,d is'ЬепеаЙ the еаrth, it shines in the sky,
1Rx..K.Г1.o.1.ail.g<.{5.EЦ.ыFq.ЦEq]Lit.:Eventhough

чN('\('е!Fý'Э<' !-1'ft'ы5к1 One mау Ье wise in keeping

the secret but others аrе wiser in disclosing thenr.
Lit.: то kill, beat and torture../ Sense
1&-1,п5<,ыЕ\,чtr11 А У ý Y{sц,tц'ь'
ý]N('ý'ýýs,!'ýк'&'5п'к] inconceivable secret K<K,gK'}'6f1' implied; exploitation and пrurdеr ý'Бlý'ýl'Б{'; ъ / \l
q{l,пtr<,а qтqYl,п 5<, п,i 11 The Chinese always
exploited
5q,пцý,б5,чк<,п,пкш,ýк,ft,5п,чц,ql,i51 All qualities of
and Klled Tibetans,
Buddha аrе secret as well as inconceivable.

trnd biscuits/ Sense implied:

ýlNД.'('ЧКТ{'0('I Ьrапd new/fresh <'&'чк,g<к'оJ, т]Б,,ý, 1Vш,е,пQк,fi' Lit.: tea ,1,ýч,q",аl'i'
ref reshment 1ffgп, ч h,i к, gl{ш,е,п QK,fi
ш {
с{, чý{,rl,чкr,5<,qtлl,пýпк'аýЧ А Ьrапd new computer
has Ьееп brought to оur office.
Refreshments аrе arranged after the function,

rеwаrф prize \'i<ý'ýп,lh,1&-н,rк,

1Kr,ftE,ý<,ft1l neither new поr old.. fr,рцк,tr1'{ч'ччl'fr1' 1Vа,rк,пlq(,ýЕ1 trfV
ý<,ftlаr'5кlа'бý5'к'i51 Some people like clothes which аrе чq(.aтý.ъ.r\.illTodayistlrePrizeDistributionDayof
the school.
пеithеr new поr old.

of nrerits
чNф'ф'а!'flNа!] Lit.: neither clear поr ambiguous/ Sense цNý]к,,ý(ý,lе!N,аЕ1 Practice of the accumulation

246 247
 and purification of non-virtues <h,д,аr,пкл,lк.g<к.lаlк.сi1. <,\'q<,ч,qк,!'к,5{",ý,,l Due to the evil
{r,,rr,пiq,Ек,<,Хк,..
uтq,баГ5,t5l Му teacher is good in the practice of the
phorrgk,i of destruction of the chinese йе had to fled оur
accumulation of merits and purification of поп-чirtuеs. country.

пкыбl{q,оВц] Lit.: putting the ideas into practice/ Sense

ýýl,Е,а, ýý(,q,Ф(,I Lit.: Тоо big to Ье killed and too small wish"
implied: to fulfil one's 51,{,(оl,Бl,gп,q,пкш,Щ,{q,
to Ье beaten,/ Sense implied: То Ье in ,dilemma with
афаr,rjf<,g,lпч,ба5] If опе does ncrt work hаrd it is diffictllt
respect to punishin8 Someone,tE,a,,qEq,ýý'qT
ýк,ч,пк5,q. to fulfil ojre's wish.
В, п5<,1,Фч,пi,5а,пQq1 5.}к.ч.кl.i.п]{..lф,аlt Even if
опе could catch the thief what sort of punishment could Ье
given to him since he is а case of too big to Ье Hlled and too
ýýе,,qч,d,Ц А чеrу evil thinking person"/ Гк,к,qа,51*
small to Ье beaten. пкп,11,d,бýq,qк,6i'5,аr'i11 Н gooct рrасtiопеr is печеr an evil
minded реrsоп.
ýNы,g,ýE'g,fr5,o1 Lit.: unable to tЫnk and rеmеmЬеr/
sйsе Йршеd: one who has no feetings/indifferent Цýы.(J.(E.(J.a.*.Br.q.ý^.ý.ýп.Ц.\(o.ra[llEvildesignscast
uроп anothei will=ret"lt]lrd tllreself,/ Do unto others
as
скп,Q,5{,Q,fr5,чh.&.а.frq.ч.Эr1 Опе who is uпаЬlе
to think
ог rеmеmьеr anything, is called а stupid person. you would Ье done Ьу,

ýNБl,(Е,ý]ýýl,ýýl Lit.: аП evil and сruеl thoughV Sense цýы,rJ,q;,,,1ч рurе intentilln ýýГ,l'Ц'{п,5q,\б1,1к,",N,тЗ5'Е'
()l1e'S Purpose if one works
implied: wicked people N al.( Е,ч gп.ý s.a. {q,iч,оýо,Э,i11 Опе shall fullfil
ý,Fпк,Е<,оl.ý ýq. with а pr.lre intention.
чЕq.5<.цgl.ý.о.i:т Опе саппоt live harmoniously in а
society with evil and cruel thoughts.
Пкы'ýа$х"q(ý] the way tlf thinkin/ attitude пкеr,ýlаýr,

ýýы,(l,T1'<{| t.it.: evil thought arrd dееф Sense inrplied: q..к,,лl,бХr п],ýl,а,п е'5] Peclple with good attitudes аrе

happier.
wicked people ýо.зч.ооlо.чý.ý N еl.(1.ýl..lч'чч.ý5
Э.ОýЧ
Sоmе students аrе always engaged in bad thoughts aid
deeds. aNe!'6ol,a{al,fr11 unnristaken thorrghV without
rninunde rstandin g В-, \", о\ я-,,п
к п,{агаЕаr,а т u Bq,&,

ýýЫ'(Е'ý('ý'.I thought of destruction g.frý.ýýа,.<q.ý(. aýKl' t{e knows about this without misunderstanding,
""'t

248
 п &ш,fi ,ф'{l mоdеrаtе climate/ good climate ai<.ff<,ý.lq ш.
/э\
фк.аiпф-ч. ш r.п &o.r,ýl,P.raýýl. Вапgаlоrе has а moderate
-
climate throughtout the уеаr.
caTeless and restless
э,а,таt j,R,l а,Х,Кj э,а,та'3l'(t
пý,фк,ý-q,ф<,| Lit.: to curtail one's budgey Sense implied:
provoke gods and water-sprite,,/
есопоrпiсаl пý,фк,{q,Ф(.1q(.5.а.п.ltlч.{<.ff,ц.sgк.Е<. 9а{1, д,аЦ.1, 3t, о lТоLit.pleaТОdesperately
q, :

to someone for help,

S."Ё" impie,d:
\,а11 lr one is есопоmiсаl, Rs. 500/- will Ье enough for one
mопth.

пýlк'пs5'q5\'чýеII Lit.: The three-fold way of burning,

cutting and rubbing (fоr experimenting with gold)/
Sense implied: the согrесt way of experimenting
чR\.а,.
.q5.Й5.fr /,^\
5.пýчý.ýб5.ýý\.чýц.ýтЕq".Э.ill Whether there is
а mix-up with gold оr not can Ье ascertained through the
three-fold way of Ьurпiпg, cutting and rubbing call
rЛ'{1к1 This wоrd is used when you уоur
friend,/Hallo!
qfrý'ryrý'lT\I study and training ( gепеrаllу in
nronasteries). 5{1,Kh,q<,o.J,ý il ý,кl,*-ý.l}r.{ч.пQ q.чЕ(.1. Б,l|ýý. Ьl'а!'Ф1 Of соursе/ Ьу all пrеапs/ пtl doubt
K,a9K,!,i51 If опе studies well and get trained
рrореrlу in
а monastery, опе will Ьесоmе а good scholar, children like
Ь.{' а'а,ri doШ g1 *rл,fr
,к
5,!iar,lcla,Tý5,!,i11
dolls.
ýNý,ý'ýg,dlý't'ýýЕ'чtsч.iчоl А lesson learned is better
than а hundred pieces of advice.

25l.
25а
 Notes

1. Edited Ьу ВаrЬаrа Nimri Miz and Matthew

Kapstein, Sоuпdiпgs iп ТiЬеtап Ciuilizлtioп;
Proceediпgs of the 1982 Sетпiпаr of the lпtеrпаtiопаI
Аssосiлtiоп for ТiЬеtап Studies, Мапоhаr Ptrblishing,
India 1985, рр,20-А.
2. Stephan V. Beger, The Classiul Tibetaп lлпguаgе,
State University PTess of New York,7992, рр.191-
ът.
J. Losang Thonden, Моdеrп Tibetaп lлпgttаgе Vо1.1 8
П, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives,
Dharamsal а, 1993.
4, Tashi, А Basic Grаmmаr о| Моdеrп Spokat Tibetatt,
Library of Tibetan Works and Archives,
Dharamsala, 1990.
5. Melvyn Goldstein With Gelek Knpoche and
Lobsang Phuntshog, Essaltials of Modett"t Literary
Tibetatt, Мuпshirаm Manoharlal publishers pvt
Ltd.,India, 1993.
6. Melvyn С. Glodstein and lrJornang; Моdеrп
Spoken Tibetan: Lhasa Dialect; University of
Washington Press; Seattle and London.
7. Lobsang Phuntsok Lhaphungpa: Textbook ф
Colloquia! ТiЬеtпп, Reuised editiott, Manjusri
Publishing House, New Delhi, 1,972.
8. Реmа Chhinjor, New Plan Tibetan Grаmmаr and
Translation, 1993.

253