EXPERIMENT 4: PREPARATION OF SOLUTION

Activity 1: Preparation of 250mL 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution

QUESTIONS

Activity 1:

1) Describe the steps used in the preparation of 250mL 0.1 M sodium hydroxide solution. (Use
diagram in your explanation.)

Calculation :

Molar mass NaOH : 40 g/mol

1.00 g

Weight exactly 1.00 g of solid sodium Dissolve the solid sodium

hydroxide needed as calculated. hydroxide in distilled water.

Add distilled water into the Transfer the solution from

flask until it reaches the the beaker into 250mL
calibration mark. volumetric flask
2) List four precautions that must be taken during the preparation of solution.
I. Wear gloves because sodium hydroxide is caustic.
II. Ensure the level of meniscus is same with the calibration mark.
III. Stir the sodium hydroxide.
IV. Add sodium hydroxide to water not water to sodium hydroxide.
Activity 2: Determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

RESULTS

TEST TUBE CONCENTRATION

A 5.0 x 10-2 M
B 1.0 x 10-2 M
C 5.0 x 10-3 M
D 1.0 x 10-3 M
E 5.0 x 10-4 M

Before KCNS was added

A B C D E Unknown
concentration
After KCNS was added

A B C D E Unknown
concentration
QUESTIONS

Name the stock solution: FeCl3 , Iron(III) chloride

Concentration of stock solution: 0.10 M

1) Calculate the volume that needs to be pipetted from stock solution for each new
concentration

(A) MstockVstock = MAVA

( ) ( )( )
( - )( )
Vstock = ( )

(B) MAVA = MBVB

( ) ( )( )
( - )( )
VA = -
( )

(C) MBVB = MCVC

( ) ( )( )
( - )( )
VB = -
( )

(D) MCVC = MDVD

( ) ( )( )
( - )( )
VC = -
( )

(E) MDVD = MEVE

( ) ( )( )
( - )( )
VD = -
( )

2) Complete the following data

New concentration Volume of FeCl3 Volume of water Intensity of colour
of FeCl3 (M) (mL) need to be (mL) need to be in the test tube
pipetted added
5.0 x 10-2 5 5 Very dark brown
1.0 x 10-2 2 8 Dark Brown
-3
5.0 x 10 5 5 Brown
1.0 x 10-3 2 8 Light brown
5.0 x 10-4 5 5 Very light brown
 3) Discuss about the colour observation and predict the concentration for unknown solution.
The colour of the Iron(III) chloride when added with KCNS are different in each tube due
to the different concentration of Iron(III) chloride itself. In the most concentrate solution
which is 5.0 x 10-2 M, the solution turns out to change the colour to a very dark brown
when KCNS was added into it. The intensity of the colour decreases when the
concentration of the solution decreases. The colour of the unknown solution is same with
the colour of solution in test tube C. the concentration in the test tube C is 5.0 x 10-3 M.
Thus, the prediction of the concentration of the unknown concentration is same as the
concentration in test tube C.

REFERENCES

1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_chloride
2) https://www.extension.iastate.edu/wine/preparing-standard-sodium-hydroxide-solution
EXPERIMENT 5: TITRATION

RESULTS

READING ROUGH TRIAL 1 TRIAL 2 TRIAL 3

TITRATION
Volume of HCl 10.0ml 10.0ml 10.0ml 10.0ml

Initial Burette Reading Of NaOH 0.0ml 13.0ml 24.6ml 35.6ml

Final burette reading NaOH 13.0ml 24.6ml 35.6ml 46.6ml

Volume of NaOH dispensed 13.0ml 11.6ml 11.00ml 11.00ml

Average volume NaOH dispensed 11.2 ml

Moles of sodium hydroxide neutralized =

Moles of hydrochloric acid neutralized =

Concentration of the unknown NaOH in mol/L

QUESTIONS

1. Write the equation for the titration reaction.

NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) → NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)

2. Before you fill the burette, you should rinse it several times with the solution that will
eventually be in it. Why?
Rinsing the burette several times with the solution that will eventually be in it is to make sure
the concentration of the solution inside will be exactly what you expect it to be. Rinsing with
solution actually serves a simple but very practical purpose.

3. What is appropriate apparatus would be used to prepare an analyte in Erlenmeyer flask

and how to handle it?
The apparatus that should be use to prepare an analyte in Erlenmeyer flask is pipette because
pipette is more precise than measuring cylinder. Make sure to use the correct measurement of
pipette before using it to prepare analyte.

4. What is other precaution should you take while doing titration experiments?
One of precaution that we should take while doing titration is pay very close attention to the
color of the indicator as one extra drop of titrant could possibly shoot the solution past the
equivalence point. To avoid further error, make sure the burette being used is not a faulty one
as accidental leaks often lead to overshooting the equivalence point.

5. What is the indicator colour change at the end-point?

The indicator colour change from colourless to light pink.

CONCLUSION.

We run this experiment is to determine the molarity HCl which is strong base by titrating with the
certain volume of strong base, we use NaOH. The data gathered by titrating the unknown solution
with a standardized solution provides the equilibrium point, and how many moles of the titrant were
needed to reach this equilibrium point. By using the stoichiometric ratios of the two solutions in the
titration and the equation C = n/v, one can calculate the concentration of the NaOH solution.