PHE YONG KAI (01DKA18F1102) DKA5C

TOPIC 1
1. EUROCODES are the set of harmonized technical rules for the design of
construction works developed for EU countries.

2. The important of EUROCODES are :

a) Lower trade barriers; allow contractors and consultants between member states
to complete fairly for work within Europe.
b) Opportunity to develop and utilized local values in national Annex

3. i) Will encourage and facilitate the marketing and use of materials, structural
components and kits.
ii) The competitiveness of the Eurocodes civil engineering firms, contractors,
designers and product manufacturers in their worldwide activities will be increased.

4. The statement for part (3) is ‘The basic requirements of EN 1990 section 2 should
be deemed be satisfied for steel structure.’ Where :
- limit state design is used in conjunction with the partial factor method
- the load combinations given in EN 1990 together with the actions given in EN
1991.

5.
Indicated (years) Examples
10 Temporary structures (other than can be dismantle or reuse)
10-25 Replaceable structural parts (gantry girders and bearings)
15-30 Agricultural structures
50 Building and other common structures
100 Monumental building structures, bridges and other civil
engineering structures
TOPIC 2
6. Ultimate limit state is associated with collapse or with other similar forms of
structural failure and concerned with ‘collapse’ like yielding, buckling and
overturning.

7. - Based on size 406×178×60, tf = 12.8 ≤ 40 mm

- Assume that steel size is S 275 H, therefore fy = 275N/mm2, fu = 430N/mm2
- For flange subject compression, Cf / tf < 9ϵ
3.96 < 9 (0.92)
3.96 < 8.28
Cf /tf < 9ϵ, therefore Flange in class 1
- For web subject compression, Cw/tw < 72ϵ
46.3 < 72 (0.92)
46.3 < 66.24
Cw /tw < 72ϵ, therefore web in Class 1.
- VEd /Vpl.Rd ≤ 1.0
- For Class 1 cross section,
Vpl.Rd = [Av × (fy /3(1/2))] / ỿmo
Where, Av = A - 2btf +(tw + 2r) tf > uhftw
= (76.5×102) - 2(177.9)(12.8) + [7.9 + 2(10.2)](12.8) > u(h - 2tf)tw
= 3458 > 1.0 [406.4 - 2(12.8)](7.9)
= 3458 > 3008.32
Therefore, use Av = 3458 mm2
Vpl.Rd = [3458 × (275/3(1/2))]/1.0
= 549.03kN
- VEd / Vpl.Rd = 350.00 / 549.03
= 0.63 ≤ 1.0 (Shear Resistance is Satisfied)
- Therefore, size of beam 406×178×60 with design shear force 350kN is satisfy the
EN 1993-1-1:2005 Clause 6.2.6

8. The serviceability limit state is the design to ensure a structure is comfortable

and useable. This includes vibrations and deflections (movement), as well as
cracking and durability. These are the conditions that are not strength-based but still
may render the structure unsuitable for its intended use, for example, it may
caus10e occupant discomfort under routine conditions.
9. - Design Point load, P = 1.35GK + 1.5QK
= 1.35(40) + 1.5(25)
= 91.5kN
- Design UDL. w = 1.35GK + 1.5QK
= 1.35(6.5) + 1.5(8)
= 20.78kN/m
- Shear Force, VEd = P/2 + wL/2
= 91.5/2 + 20.78(10)/2
= 149.65kN
- Bending Moment, MEd = PL/4 + wL2//8
= 91.5(10)/4 + 20.78(10)2/8
= 488.5kNm
- Modulus plastic, Wply = (MEd×ỿMo) / fy
= 488.5×103(1.0) / 275
= 1776.36 cm3
Therefore, use 457×152×82, Wply = 1810 cm3
-Wmax < Wallow
- Wallow = L/360
= (10×103) / 360
= 27.78 mm
-WUDL = 5wL4 / 384EI
= 5(8)(10×103)4 / 384(210×103)(36600×104)
= 13.55mm
- WPl = PL3 / 48EI
= 25×103(10×103)3 / 48(210×103)(36600×104)
= 6.78mm
- max = WUDL+WPl
W
= 13.55 + 6.78
= 20.33mm
- Wmax (20.33mm) < Wallow (27.78mm), therefore satisfying the
C1A1.4.3 EN1990:2002.
 10. Load Distribution
- Panel A-C/2-4, Ly / Lx = (2750+3750)/(3530+1610)
= 6500/5140
= 1.26 < 2.0 (Two way Slab)
- Panel C-D/3-4, Ly / Lx = 3750/3750
= 1.0 < 2.0 (Two way Slab)
- Panel C-D/2-3, Ly / Lx = 2750/2260
= 1.21 < 2.0 (Two way Slab)

Design Load
- Dead Load :
Concrete Slab - 150mm thickness = 24×0.15
= 3.6kN/m3
Plywood Finishing = 1.0kN/m3
GK =
4.6kN/m3
- Self weight Beam = 77 × (9.5×10-3)
= 0.7kN/m
- Wall Partition = 3kN/m2 × 4m
= 12kN/m
- Live Load, QK = 1.5kN/m2

Panel A-C/2-4
- Area = 1/2(6.500+1.360)(2.570)
= 10.10m2
- Total Load = Area × Design Load
= 10.10[1.35(4.6)]+10.10[1.5(1.5)]
= 85.45kN
- Shear Force, VEd = w/2
= 85.45/2
= 42.73kN
- aL = 2.57
a = 2.57/L
= 2.57/6.50
= 0.40
- Bending Moment, MEd = [(3-4a2) / 24(1-a)]wL
= [(3 - 4(0.40)2 ) / 24(1-0.40)] × 85.45 × 6.50
= 91.02 kNm
Panel C-D/3-4
- Area = 1/2 (3.750)(1.875)
= 3.52m2
- Total Load = Area × Design Load
= 3.52[1.35(4.6)] + 3.52[1.5(1.5)]
= 29.78kN
- Shear Force, VEd =
w/2
= 29.78/2
= 14.89kN
- Bending Moment, MEd = wL/6
= 14.89(3.75)/6
= 9.30 kNm

Panel C-D/2-3
- Area = 1/2 (2.75+0.49)(1.13)
= 1.83m2
- Total Load = Area × Design Load
= 1.83[1.35(4.6)] + 1.83[1.5(1.5)]
= 15.48kN
- Shear Force, VEd =
w/2
= 15.48/2
= 7.74kN
- aL=1.13
a = 1.13/L
= 1.13/2.75
= 0.41
- Bending Moment, MEd = [(3 - 4a2) / 24(1-a)]wL
= [(3 - 4(0.41)2) / 24(1-0.41)]×15.48×2.75
= 6.99kNm

Self-weight of Beam and Brick Wall Partition

- Weight of brick wall per meter length = 3kN/m2 × 4m
= 12kN/m
- Total Load = self-weight + brick wall
= 0.7 + 12
= 12.7kN/m
- Design Load,w = 1.35GK × length
= 1.35(12.7) × (2.75+3.75)
= 17.15 × 6.5
= 111.48kN
- Shear Force, VEd = w/2
= 111.48/2
= 55.74kN
- Bending Moment, MEd = wL/8
= 111.48(6.5)/8
= 90.58kNm
Therefore, Total Shear Force, VEd = 42.73 + 14.89 + 7.74 + 55.74
= 121.10 kN
Total Bending Moment, MEd = 91.02 + 9.3 + 6.99 + 90.58
= 197.89 kNm
 Choose a Suitable Size
- Modulus Plastic, Wply = (MEd × ỿMo)/ fy
= (197.89×103)(1.0) / 275
= 719.6 cm2
Therefore, use 356×171×45 (Wply = 775 cm2)

Strength Classification
- tf = 9.7mm < 40mm
- fy = 275N/mm2
- fu = 430N/mm2
- For flange subject to compression, cf/tf = 7.41
9ϵ = 9(0.92)
= 8.28
cf/tf < 9ϵ, so Flange in Class 1
- For web subject to compression, cw/tw =
44.5
72ϵ = 72(0.92)
= 66.24
cw/tw < 72ϵ, so Web in Class 1
- Therefore, the section is in Class 1(Plastic)

Check the resistance of the cross section in bending

- MEd / Mpl.Rd ≤ 1.0
- For Class 1 cross sevtion, Mpl.Rd = (Wply× fy) /ỿMo
= (775×103)(275) / 1.0
= 213.13 kNm
- MEd / Mpl.Rd = 197.89/213.13
= 0.93 ≤ 1.0 (Bending Resistance is Satisfied)

Check the resistance of the cross section to shear

- VEd / Vpl.Rd ≤ 1.0
- For Class 1 cross section, Vpl.Rd = Av (fy/3(1/2)) / ỿMo
Where, Av = A - 2btf + (tw + 2r)tf > uhwtw
= (57.3×102) - 2 (171.9)(9.7) + [7.0 + 2(10.2)](9.7) > u(h - 2tf)tw
= 2660.92 > (1.0)[351.4 - 2(9.7)](7.0)
= 2660.92 > 2324.0
Therefore, Av = 2660.92 mm2
- Vpl.Rd = 2660.92(275/3(1/2)) /
1.0
= 422.48kN
- VEd / Vpl.Rd = 121.10/422.48
= 0.29 ≤ 1.0 (Shear Resistance is Satisfied)

Check Deflection
- Wmax < Wallow
- Wallow = L/360
= 6500/360
= 18.06 mm
- W UDL 1 = (4a2 - 5)2wL3 / 1920(1-a)EI
= [4(0.40)2 - 5]2 × [10.10 × 1.5(1.5) × 103] × (6500)3
/1920(1-0.40)(210×103)(12100×104)
= 4.05mm
 - WUDL 2 = wL3/60EI
= [3.52×1.5(1.5)×103](6500)3 / 60(210×103)(12100×104)
= 1.43mm
- W UDL 3 = (4a2 - 5)2wL3 / 1920(1-a)EI
= [4(0.41)2 - 5]2 × [1.83 × 1.5(1.5) × 103] × (6500)3
/1920(1-0.41)(210×103)(12100×104)
= 0.73 mm
- WMax = 4.05 + 1.43 + 0.73
= 6.21mm
- WMax (6.21mm) < Wallow (18.06mm), therefore deflection checking is satisfied.

- Adopt Section 356×171×45 UB ; Fe 430 (S 275).