LOAD FLOW GAUSS-SEIDEL METHOD

EE 452: Computer Methods in Power Systems

California State University Long Beach

EXAMPLE:
Using the Gauss-Seidel solve the load flow for the shown system

BUS 1 BUS 2
Z12=0.02+j0.04
G1

P2= 400 MW
V1=1.05+j0 Q2= 250 MVAR

Z13=0.01+j0.03 Z23=0.0125+j0.025

BUS 3 |V3|=1.04

G2

P3= 200 MW
1) Calculate the Y bus matrix

1 1
y12    10  j20
z12 0.02  j0.04
1 1
y13    10  j30
z13 0.01 j0.03
1 1
y23    16  j32
z23 0.0125  j0.025
Self Admitance Elements Mutual Admitance Elements

Y11  y12  y13  20  j50 Y12  Y21  y12  10  j20

Y22  y12  y23  26  j52 Y13  Y31  y13  10  j30
Y33  y13  y23  26  j62 Y23  Y32  y23  16  j32

 Y Y Y   (20  j50) (10  j20) (10  j30) 

 11 12 13   
Ybus   Y21 Y22 Y23    (10  j20) (26  j52) (16  J32) 
   
 Y31 Y32 Y33   (10  j30) (16  j32) (26  j62) 
2) Setup the initial conditions

BUS TYPE V angle P Q

1 Slack 1.05 0 ? ?
2 PQ ? ? -4.0 -2.5
3 PV 1.04 ? 2.0 ?
V1  1.05  j0 The swing bus never changes for all iterations
V2 (0)  1 j0
V3 (0)  1.04  j0

3) Begin the iterations with the PQ buses

PQ BUS 2 (iteration 1)

1  Pk  Qk k1 N 
Vk (i 1)   *  YknVn (i 1)   YknVn (i)
Ykk  Vk (i) n1 nk1 
k  2 Bus Number
1  P2  Q2 
N  3 Number of Buses
V2 (1)   Y V
12 1 (1) Y V
23 3 (0)
Y22  V2* (0)  i0 Iteration Number

1  4  j2.5 
V2 (1)    (10  j20)(1.05  j0)  (16  j32)(1.04  j0)
(26  j52)  (1.0  j0) 
V2 (1)  (0.9746  j4.2308e  2)
PV BUS 3 (iteration 1): Calculate Q then V
k 3
 * N 
Qk (i 1)   Im Vk (i)[Vk (i)Ykk  YknVn (i)] k  n
N 3
  i0
n1

Q3 (1)  Im V3* (0)[V3 (0)Y33 Y31V1 (0) Y32V2 (0)

Q3 (1)  Im (1.04  j0)[(1.04  j0)(26  j62)(10  j30)(1.05 j0)(16  j32)(0.9746  j4.2308e 2)

Q3 (1)  Im  2.392  j1.16 

Q3 (1) 1.16
1  P3  Q3 
V3 (1)   * Y31V1 (1)  Y32V2 (1)
Y33  V3 (0) 
1  (2.0  j1.16) 
V3 (1)    (10  j30)(1.05  j0)  (16  j32)(0.9746  j4.2308e  2)
(26  j62)  (1.04  j0) 

V3 (1) 1.03783 j0.00517

Check the voltage change usually set at 0.001

V2  V2 (1) V2 (0)

V2  (0.97551 2.4857 )  (10 )

V2  0.049 Higher that 0.001

V3  V3 (1) V3 (0)

V3  (1.03784  0.2854 )  (1.040 )

V3  0.003 Higher that 0.001

 PQ BUS 2 (iteration 2)
k  2 Bus Number
1  P2  Q2  N  3 Number of Buses
V2 (2)   *  Y12V1 (2) Y23V3 (1)
Y22  V2 (1)  i 1 Iteration Number

1  4  j2.5 
V2 (2)    (10  j20)(1.05  j0)  (16  j32)(1.039987  j0.00517)
(26  j52)  (0.9746  j0.042307) 

V2 (2)  (0.971057  j0.043432)

PV BUS 3 (iteration 2) k 3
N 3
Q3 (2)  Im V3* (1)[V3 (1)Y33 Y31V1 (1) Y32V2 (1) k  n i 1

Q3 (2) Im (1.03783 j0.005170)[(1.03783 j0.005170)(26 j62)(10 j30)(1.05 j0)(16 j32)(0.971057 j0.043432)

Q3 (2) 1.38796
 1  P3  Q3 
V3 (2)   Y V
31 1 (2) Y V
32 2 (2)
Y33  V3* (1) 

1  (2.0  j1.16) 
V3 (2)    (10  j30)(1.05  j0)  (16  j32)(0.971057  j0.043432)
(26  j62)  (1.03783 j0.0517) 

V3 (2)  1.03908  j0.0073

Check the voltage change

V2  V2 (2) V2 (1)

V2  (0.972028  2.5609)  (0.97551 2.4857 )

V2  0.0037 Higher that 0.001

V3  V3 (2) V3 (1)

V3  (1.03910 0.4025)  (1.03784  0.2854 )

V3  0.002 Higher that 0.001

The solution is reached after seven iteration:

V2 (7)  (0.971061 j0.04568) V2 (7)  0.97212.69

OR
V3 (7) 1.03996  j0.00903 V3 (7)  1.04  0.497