THE EFFECTS OF NO TEXTBOOKS IN THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS AT ELIM CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

A.Y. 2019-2020

In Partial Fulfilment of

Requirements in Capstone Project

By (Grade 12 – STEM)

Autriz, Dunhill A.

Aventurado, Ken Ashley R.

Belaguin, Jhon Bryan A.

Mamaril, Divine A.

Manrique, Dave Anthony P.

March 2020

Ms. Joan S. Marjes

Subject Teacher
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Cavite
ELIM CHRISTIAN ACADEMY, INC.
Trece Martires City, Cavite
Phone: (046) 419-1668

Authors : AUTRIZ, DUNHILL A.

AVENTURADO, KEN ASHLEY R.
BELAGUIN, JHON BRYAN A.
MAMARIL, DIVINE A.
MANRIQUE, DAVE ANTHONY P.

Title : THE EFFECTS OF NO TEXTBOOKS IN THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
AT ELIM CHRISTIAN ACADEMY

Subject : CAPSTONE PROJECT

APPROVED:

JOAN MARJES

_________________ _________________ ________________

Research Teacher Signature Date

EVANGELINA S. SUMABAT

_________________ _________________ ________________

Principal Signature Date

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
THESIS APPROVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Null Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Scope and Delimitations of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

.........................................................

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The author, Dunhill A. Autriz, was born on March 7, 2002 in Tanza, Cavite and

currently residing at Brgy. De Ocampo, Trece Martires City, Cavite. He is the youngest

child of Mr. Eladio P. Autriz and Mrs. Elena A. Autriz

He completed his elementary education at Elim Christian Academy. He

completed his Junior High School at Elim Christian Academy the year 2018. He is now a
Grade 12 student and taking the strand of Science and Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) at Elim Christian Academy.

The author hopes to finish this research on or before March, 2020.

DUNHILL A. AUTRIZ

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The author, Ken Ashley R. Aventurado, was born on November 1, 2001 in Brgy.

Wakas, Kawit, Cavite and currently residing at Paradahan I, Tanza, Cavite. He is the 2 nd

child of Mr. Christopher Aventurado and Mrs. Raquel Aventurado.

He completed his elementary education at Twenty First Century Private Academy

in United Arab Emirates. The following school year, he enrolled at Good Tree
International School as well as at Elim Christian Academy and completed his Junior High

School at St. Mary Magdalene School the year 2018. He is now a Grade 12 student and

taking the strand of Science and Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) at

Elim Christian Academy.

The author hopes to finish this research on or before March, 2020.

KEN ASHLEY R. AVENTURADO

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The author, Jhon Bryan A. Belaguin, was born on April 4, 2001 in Valenzuela

City and currently residing at Paradahan I, Tanza, Cavite. He is the 2nd child of Mr. Arien

Belaguin and Mrs. Cristy Belaguin.

He completed his elementary education at Tres Cruses Elementary School. The

following school year, he completed his Junior High School at Tanza National Trade
School the year 2018. He is now a Grade 12 student and taking the strand of Science and

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) at Elim Christian Academy.

The author hopes to finish this research on or before March, 2020.

JHON BRYAN A. BELAGUIN

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The author, Divine A. Mamaril, was born on June 7, 2001 in Mandaluyong City

and currently residing at General Trias City, Cavite. He is the youngest child of Mr.

Generoso Mamaril and Mrs. Leonisa Mamaril.

She completed her elementary education at Sto. Nino De Lebelle Academy. She

completed her Junior High School at Tanza National Trade School in the year 2018. She
is now a Grade 12 student and taking the strand of Science and Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics (STEM) at Elim Christian Academy.

The author hopes to finish this research on or before March, 2020.

DIVINE A. MAMARIL

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA

The author, Dave Anthony P. Manrique, was born on December 16, 2001 in

Noveleta, Cavite and currently residing at Brgy. De Ocampo, Trece Martires City,

Cavite. He is the youngest child of Mr. Christopher Aventurado and Mrs. Raquel

Aventurado.
 He completed his elementary education at Paradahan Elementary School. He

completed his Junior High School at Tanza National Trade School in the year 2018. He is

now a Grade 12 student and taking the strand of Science and Technology, Engineering

and Mathematics (STEM) at Elim Christian Academy.

The author hopes to finish this research on or before March, 2020.

DAVE ANTHONY P. MANRIQUE

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

With the completion of this research paper, first of all, we would want to thank
God for the strength, time, knowledge and wisdom that He has given us. We are not able
to start and end this without Him. We are also grateful to thank Him because of the urge
that He has given to us so that we would not give up to this work. And even though there
are problems that we encountered while having this journey, we are able to finish this
peacefully and with cooperation.
 Second, this would not be possible without our parents who gave us constant
support, verbally and financially and encouraged us that we can do this. They didn’t get
tired supporting us and giving us the permission to stay at night late just to finish every
parts of the paper that we have to do.

Third, we would want to thank the teachers involved, Ms. Joan who gave us the
instructions that we have to follow. We couldn’t do this orderly without their guides.

We also acknowledge those people behind this, Dunhill Autriz, Ken Ashley
Aventurado, Jhon Bryan Belaguin, Divine Mamaril, and Dave Anthony Manrique, who
cooperated with each other and have their brainstorming while they are on the process.
They keep on approaching each other and they are able to cooperate even though they are
busy with their own lives.

Autriz, Dunhill
Aventurado, Ken Ashley
Belaguin, Jhon Bryan
Mamaril, Divine
Manrique, Dave Anthony
Authors

I. INTRODUCTION

According to Nelson Mendela (2019), education is the most powerful weapon we

can use to change the world. Education is used to have knowledge especially when

people are going to find a job someday for knowledge is the key to success. According to
Julius Tabilas (2019), “Education has been playing an important role to design your

future as a successful person in life. Those people who acquire higher education have the

capability of doing various tasks and have a lot of skills than those who doesn’t.” Having

a lot of knowledge opens lots of opportunities to have a great job with a great salary. But

before acquiring them, people should learn a lot and practice it by implying it in the

academic performances that are being shown in the school.

Having the academic performances in school enhances our analytical skills and

the natural skills that people actually have. With the help of the resources such as

textbooks, magazines and internet’s influence, knowledge is easy to acquire and are now

in our hands. But if people have lack of resources, it will be hard for them to learn

especially without the willingness in their hearts. According to AMs, a lack of textbooks

and other teaching resources could have a real impact on pupils’ education. Teachers do

not have anything to give and so students won’t learn. Added unto this, according to

Farooq, Chaudhry, Shafiq and Behanu (2011) asserted that students’ academic

performance serve as bedrock for knowledge acquisition and the development of skills.

Yvonne Behnke (2018), thus textbooks affect learning and teaching in many

different ways. According to Young (2011), modern textbooks are called upon to go

beyond the imparting of subject matter to students and to help teach competencies, skills

and ‘powerful knowledge’.

Conceptual Framework

Dependent Variable Independent Variable

Senior High School No textbooks

Students
Theoretical Framework

According to Prasetya (2018), students’ learning performances are develop with

the use of textbooks that makes them learn well organize.

According to Graves (2000), textbook guides students in learning and giving the

best information. Involving students in using textbooks is useful.

Some researches in other educational system shows that huge number of students

have experience negative impact on their academics due to poor access to textbooks (e.g.,

Buczynski, 2007; Senack & Donoghue, 2016).

Additional source of information are get by students by searching online due to

relying on it as another option in using textbooks (Sarah Stein et al., 2017)

This study is anchored in above mentioned theory.

Statement of the Problem

Generally, this study wants to know the problems of No Textbooks in the

Academic Performance of Senior High School Students and It’s Effects at Elim Christian

Academy.
 This study aims to know the following:

1. Demographic
A. Name
B. Age
C. Grade and Section
2. What are the effects of no textbooks in SHS students?
3. How does it affect the Academic Performances of the SHS students?
4. What are the alternative sources of information that SHS students usually use?

Objectives

Generally, this study aims to know the effects of not having textbooks in the

academic performance of senior high school students at Elim Christian Academy.

This study aims the following:

1. To know the effects of not being able to have textbooks in Elim Christian

Academy specifically to senior high school students.

2. To determine how it affects the Academic Performances of the SHS students

3. To further investigate the alternative sources of information that SHS students

usually use.

Scope and Delimitations

To conduct this research paper, the researchers will be focusing in the school of
Elim Christian Academy with 100 + students of whole senior high, 54 in the Grade 12
and __ students in Grade 11. Thoughts, experiences and their opinions will be asked as
the survey was conducted.

Hypothesis
 There is no relationship between no textbooks in SHS students and their academic
performance.

Significance of the Study

To the students: this study will help the students to know what are the other

alternative sources that they should use and at the same time learn how to be resourceful

if they are experiencing this especially when they are in the SHS estate.

To the parents: this study can help the parents to help their children to be more

resourceful, adjust and support them when they are getting textbooks especially if it is

needed to the course that they will take.

To the teachers: this study will help the teachers in what they should do if their

students are experiencing this and at the same time they know how to manage it for their

students.

To the future researchers: this study can help the other researchers by providing

quantitative data that can be used in their research (if it is the same type with others). And

also they can gather information too about SHS’ lack of textbooks to use and its effects.

To the researchers: this study helps us, the researchers, by learning more and

understanding more about the factors of no textbooks given to the SHS students and how

it impacted the students while the school year is on-going.

Definition of Terms
 II. REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

Local Studies
 A. K to 12

According to Don Carlo Cavina School, K to 12 program covers Kindergarten to

12 years of basic education (six years of primary education, four years of Junior High

School and two years of Senior High School [SHS]) to provide sufficient time for

mastery of concepts or skills, develop lifelong learners and prepare graduates for tertiary

education, middle-level skills development, employment and entrepreneurship.

According to an article of Teach for the Philippines, K to 12 is implemented by former

President Benigno Aquino III as a republic act of 10533 on May 15, 2013. The purposes

are good that they want the students to be globally-competent when a student graduated

in his high school but as it was implemented, the effects of K to 12 have been shown

especially to the provinces. Mark Anthony Llego, a Filipino, wrote an article entitled “10

reasons why the K to 12 Program Should Be Suspended.” and number one of the reasons

that he wrote is this: “The government is not prepared to implement a 12-year Basic

Education Cycle mandated by K to 12, as manifested by the actual insufficiency of

classrooms, libraries, toilets and other facilities; textbooks, modules and other

instructional materials;” With the lack of these materials, it is so hard to teach for the

teachers and at the same time, students are hard to follow-up especially with the hard

lessons to be tackled for the whole two years.

Foreign Studies

A. Academic Performance

According to the article “Academic Performance”, academic performance is the

measurement of student achievement across various academic subjects. According to

Ellie Williams (2018), this includes scholarly achievement and skills, impressive test

scores, extracurricular accomplishments and skill leadership.

B. Thinking Skills

According to the article “Thinking”, thinking skills are the mental activities you

use to process information, make connections and create new ideas. Still according to

them, you use your thinking skills when you try to make sense of experiences, solve

problems, make decisions, ask questions, make plans or organize information. And

through these things, people are able to enhance their thinking skills and they see every

possibility in every situation that they are facing and they are able to find a unique

solution to solve it.

According to Morgan (2014), well-designed textbooks have the potential to make

learning more fun, lasting and meaningful and may actively engage learners’ cognition in

many ways, through such mechanisms as visual processing, analytical thinking, posing

questions, testing hypothesis and verbal reasoning. Textbooks can help in developing the

self-esteem of the students by enhancing their knowledge and thinking skills to enable

them to deal with problems of their daily lives. It implies that textbooks and contents

there in have immense power of influencing either positive or negatively the development

of students’ self-esteem. (Riaz Hussain, 2012) Through reading, people can improve their

thinking skills, imagination, and self-esteem especially in terms of class recitation and at

the same time, they are enhancing analytical skills to analyze every decision that they are

making in every situation.