UNIVERSITI

TEKNOLOGI
MARA

LabReport: CES511 – STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

KAMPUS PULAU PINANG

CES511 –STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

LAB EXPERIMENT: DEFLECTION OF BEAM (CO2:PO5)
SEMESTER : OCT - FEB 2021 DATE OF LAB : 10/11/2020
GROUP : PEC2215H1 LAB LEVEL OEL : 2
LECTURER : NOOR SYAFEEKHA BINTI MOHAMMAD
SAKDUN

CO2: Organize laboratory work on structural elements and materials.

PO5: Ability to utilize appropriate techniques, resources and modern engineering and IT tools in predicting and modelling of
complex civil engineering problems with an understanding of the limitations.

CRITERIA
NO STUDENT ID NAME
1 2 3 4 TOTAL
1. 2019695678 NORLIYANA BINTI SEBI
2. 2019615458 ADRIAN RUDOLF YANSAI
3. 2019630696 NUR AFIQAH BINTI HAZIZAN
4. 2019824698 NOOR AINA SYAZRIN BINTI AHMAD HUSNI
5.

PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE RUBRIC

PERFORMANCE
SCALE
NO. CRITERIA
Developing Functional Proficient Advanced
0 1 2 3 4 5
Independently
Often requires Generally able to designed / identified
Has a very low ability to Independently
Ability to design and Unable to design/ instructor to design / design / identify basic the idea / task of the
design/ identify the designed / identified
conducted a identify the basic idea / identify basic idea / idea / task of the experiment with
basic idea / task of the idea / task of the
1 research- based task of the experiment. task of the experiment. experiment. additional supporting
experiment. experiment.
experiment (P1-P2) references.
Helps are required to Helps are required with Able to conduct the
Helps are required to Able to conduct a
conduct the whole refinement in several experiment with Show an outstanding
conduct the whole research-based
experiment. major details and minimal guide from ability in conducting
experiment. experiment.
conduct the experiment. the instructor. research-based
experiment.
Successfully
Cannot complete tasks Low ability to complete Successfully complete Successfully complete Successfully complete Successfully complete
2 performs
and standard tasks and standard experiment procedures experiment procedures experiment experiment
experiment without with moderate with minimal independently.
procedures. procedures. independently.
guidance based on supervision. supervision.
level of
Openness
(P3-P4)

Ability to
All of the results have
manipulate the data Incorrect Incomplete Minimal with 1 Almost all of the All of the results have
been interpreted
leading to findings interpretation of interpretation of trends sentence describing the results have been been correctly
correctly, with sufficient
trends and comparison and comparison of data main finding of the correctly interpreted interpreted, with only 1
3 (P5-P6) support of important
of data indicating a indicating a lack of experiment. but without sufficient sufficient support of
trends or data
lack of understanding understanding of support of important important trends or
comparisons
of results. results. trends or data data comparisons.
comparisons.
Ability to adapt the Show excellent
obtained result with Failed to show any No ability to adapt the Show effort to give Display effort to Display effort to
idea at all result with any suitable reasonable justification understand the understand the finding understanding between
logical justification
justification. but incorrect finding with major with minimum flawed the results to adapt
4 (P5-P6)
flawed interpretation interpretation with logical justification

Instruction to Students
1. Two (2) weeks duration is given for each lab report submission.
2. Any plagiarism found or not properly cited, the group will be penalized and marks will bededucted.
TABLE OF CONTENT

NO TITLE PAGE

1 Introduction 1

2 Objective 1

3 Problem Statement 2

4 Apparatus 2

5 Procedures 2

6 Data and Analysis 3-6

7 Discussion 7

8 Conclusion 8

9 References 8

10 Appendices 9
TITLE
Deflection of a beam.

INTRODUCTION
Beams are the structural element which carries load and transmit the load to adjacent
columns and supports. Beam work by developing shear forces and bending moment
along its length. When load is applied to the beam, beam will deflect.

The maximum deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to point load at mid span is given
by :

OBJECTIVES

-To determine the maximum deflection of simply supported beam subjected to an increasing point
load.
-To investigate the effect of the beam material on deflection of beam.

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 PROBLEM STATEMENTS

Beams are important structural member used in building construction. The design is often based
upon their ability to resist bending stress. Excessive deflection in beam could cause cracking and
failure in the beam.

APPARATUS

1. Beam apparatus (simply supported beam with pin and roller support)
2. Ruler
3. Dial gauge
4. Clipper
5. Hanger
6. Load mass

PROCEDURE

1. Measure the dimension and length of the beam make sure it 1 meter length.
2. Tight up the screw at both side of support and make sure beam in straight position.
3. Carefully put the hanger at dial gauge and set up the dial gauge.
4. Make sure the reading of the dial gauge is zero and it should touch the clipper.
5. Measure the position of load hanger from the support A and support B.
6. The load is applied at the center of the beam.
7. Put the 5N load at the hanger and record the dial gauge reading in the table.
8. Next , repeat steps 1-7 with 4 different load to get different reading of dial gauge.

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DATA AND ANALYSIS.

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 Sample Data from YouTube

Example data

Load (N) Distance of Load from support A Theoretical data (mm)

(m)
5 0.5 0.242
10 0.5 0.483
15 0.5 0.725
20 0.5 0.966
25 0.5 1.207

4`
 The maximum deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to point load at mid span is given
by :

I = (bd3/12) E = 207 GPA

= (0.025x0.0053) / 12 = 207 x109 N/m2
= 2.604 x 10-10

Calculation :

Load = 5N

 max
(5)(0.5) 3

48( 2.604  10 10 )(207  10 9 )
 0.242 mm

Load = 10N
 max
(10)(0.5) 3

48( 2.604  10 10 )(207  10 9 )
= 0.483mm

5`
Load = 15N
 max
(15)(0.5) 3

48( 2.604  10 10 )(207  10 9 )
= 0.725mm

Load = 20N
 max
( 20)(0.5) 3
 9
48( 2.604  10 10 )(207  10 )
= 0.966mm

Load = 25N
 max
( 25)(0.5) 3

48( 2.604  10 10 )(207  10 9 )
= 1.207mm

Graph

6`
 DISCUSSION

We obtained the data from a YouTube channel. By calculating using the formula of the
maximum deflection of a simply supported beam subjected to a point load, we did find the
same value of deflection beam like the one value in the YouTube. We can say that the
more the loads applied to the beam, the deflection of the beam is increasing. This mean the
beam have more probability of cracking and failure.

In this experiment, the load was located 0.5m from the support and for each test, the load is
increasing 5N per test. For a simply supported beam, the maximum deflection will occur at
the mid-span of the beam. So we need to put the point load at the center of the beam to get
the actual deflection of the beam. For the 5N load, the deflection is 0.242mm which is the
minimum deflection value for the beam while for the highest load 25kn we got 1.207mm
deflection. The load is increasing proportionally to the load.

The deflection of the beam also related to Young’s Modulus, E, and the second moment of inertia, I
of the beam. In this experiment, the beam has a rectangular cross-section with 25mm width and 5mm
beam, and 207Gpa of mechanical property. The higher the young’s modulus of material it is meaning
it has more stiffness compared to the lower one. As an engineer, we must choose the material with
high stiffness to preserve the structure durability and affordable to the project cost. In a rectangular
cross-section beam, the depth of the beam must be larger than the width because it has a higher
moment of inertia.

For a simply supported beam with pin and roller support, the beam is allowed to rotate at its two ends
but there is no vertical movement. Because of the roller support, it can expand or contract axially but
the horizontal movement is prevented in the pinned end support.

7`
 CONCLUSION

We managed to achieve the objectives of this experiment as we can identify the maximum deflection of
the simply supported beam subjected to an increasing point load at the center of the beam. When the
load pointed to the beam is too great the beam may fail because the beam deflected to its limit.

From the graph we produced, the deflection is increase when the load is increasing. As the data we
analyze in this lab report is not our own experimental data we cannot identify any error such as machine
not calibrated or any systematic error.

REFERENCES
1. https://calcresource.com/statics-simple-beam-deflections.html

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsgbRbgSfII

3. https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-effects-of-beam-deflection

4. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/beam-deflection

5. http://courses.washington.edu/me354a/chap3.pdf

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APPENDICES

9`