Muscle Origin Insertion Innervation Vasculation Movement

Trapezius The external occipital protuberance, The lateral one-third Accessory nerve (CN Transverse cervical artery Retraction, superior rotation,
ligamentum nuchae and spinous of the clavicle XI), C3-C4 elevation and depression of the
process of C1-C7 (descending) (descending) scapula.

The aponeurosis of the spinous The medial side of

process at T1-T4 (transverse) the acromion
(transverse)
The spinous processes of T5-T12
(ascending) The upper crest and
tubercle of the
scapular spine
(ascending)

Latissimus dorsi Inferior angle of the scapula, 9th-12th Crest of the lesser Thoracodorsal nerve Thoracodorsal artery Extension, adduction and
costae, the spinous process of T7- tuberosity of the internal/medial rotation of the arm,
T12, the thoracolumbar fascia, the humerus and the aids in respiration
posterior one-third of the iliac crest intertubercular groove

Serratus anterior 1st and 2nd rib (superior) Medial margin of the Long thoracic nerve Lateral thoracic artery Superior external rotation of the
costal surface of the and the brachial scapula, draws the scapula
2nd and 3rd (intermediate) scapula plexus (C5-C7) internally and forwards, lowers the
arm from a raised position,
4th to 9th (inferior) elevation of ribs

Pectoralis major Medial half of the clavicle, the Crest of the greater Medial and lateral Pectoral and deltoid Adduction, internal rotation and
manubrium, the body of sternum, tubercle of the pectoral nerves, the branches of the flexion of arm, assists in respiration
the costal cartilages of rib 1-6, the humerus brachial plexus (C5, thoracoacromial artery, when shoulder is fixed
anterior layer of rectus sheath T1) anterior intercostal
arteries, perforating
branches of internal
thoracic artery
Pectoralis minor 3rd-5th ribs Coracoid process of Medial and lateral Pectoral and deltoid Pulls the scapula medially,
the scapula pectoral nerves (C6- branches of the forwards and downwards, aids in
T1) thoracoacromial artery respiration

Levator scapulae Transverse process of vertebrae Superior angle to the Dorsal scapular nerve Transverse cervical Involved in flexing the head and
C1-C4 medial border of the (C5), C3 nerve, C4 artery, ascending cervical neck laterally
scapula nerve artery

Rhomboid major Spinous processes of the vertebrae Medial margin of the Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular artery Stabilization, retraction, elevation
T2-T5 scapula inferior to the (C4-C5) and internal rotation of the scapula
spine

Rhomboid minor Spinous processes of the C7 and T1 Medial margin of the Dorsal scapular nerve Dorsal scapular artery Stabilization, retraction, elevation
vertebrae and the inferior scapula inferior to the (C4-C5) and internal rotation of the scapula
ligamentum nuchae spine
Supraspinatus Supraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of Suprascapular nerve Suprascapular artery Abduction of arm
humerus

Infraspinatus Infraspinous fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of Suprascapular nerve Circumflex Scapular External/Lateral rotation of arm
humerus (C4-C6) artery, Suprascapular
artery

Teres minor Upper two-thirds of lateral margin of Greater tubercle of Axillary nerve Circumflex scapular External/Lateral rotation and
scapula humerus artery, Posterior adduction of arm
circumflex humeral artery

Teres major Dorsal surface of the inferior angle Crest of lesser Subscapular nerve Circumflex scapular Internal/Medial rotation, adduction
of scapula tubercle of humerus artery, subscapular artery and extension of the arm.
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of scapula Lesser tubercle of Subscapular nerve Subscapular artery Internal/Medial rotation, extension
humerus of arm

Deltoid Acromion, crest of spine of the deltoid tuberosity of Axillary nerve Posterior circumflex Anterior fibres: Abduction, flexion,
scapula, lateral one-third of the the humerus humeral artery internal/medial rotation
clavicle Posterior fibres: External/lateral
rotation and extension

Subclavius Costal cartilage and the 1st rib Acromial end of the Subclavian nerve Clavicular branch of the Draws the clavicle downward and
clavicle thoracoacromial artery forward, elevation of the 1st rib.

Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of the scapula Upper one-third of the Musculocutaneous Brachial artery Flexion, adduction and
frontal humerus nerve internal/medial rotation

Biceps brachii Coracoid process of scapula (short) Radial tuberosity Musculocutaneous Brachial artery Flexion of elbow joint, supination,
nerve abduction and internal/medial
Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula rotation of the humerus
(long)
Brachialis Distal anterior surface of the Coronoid process of Musculocutaneous Brachial artery Flexion of the elbow joint
humerus the ulna nerve

Triceps brachii Posteromedial surface of the distal Olecranon process of Radial nerve (C6-C8) Deep Brachial artery Extension of the elbow joint (all)
humerus below the radial groove the ulna via the
and the medial intermuscular triceps brachii tendon Extension and adduction of the
septum (medial) shoulder joint (long)

Posterolateral humerus proximal to

the radial groove and the lateral
intermuscular septum (lateral)

Infragleniod tubercle of the scapula

(long)

Palmaris longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Palmar aponeurosis Median nerve (C7-C8) Ulnar artery Tightens the palmar aponeurosis,
flexion at the wrist, weak flexion of
the elbow joint
Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle of humerus Base of 2nd and 3rd Median nerve (C7-C8) Ulnar artery Flexion of wrist and abduction of
radialis metacarpal bones the hand

Flexor carpi Medial epicondyle of humerus, the Pisiform, the hook of Ulnar nerve (C7-T1) Ulnar artery Flexion of wrist and adduction of
ulnaris posterior border of the proximal hamate,, the base of the hand
ulna, the medial border of the the 5th metacarpal
olecranon

Flexor digitorum Medial epicondyle of humerus Shafts pf the middle Median nerve (C8-T1) Ulnar artery Weak flexion of the elbow, flexion
superficialis (humeroulnar head) phalanges of the 2nd- of the wrist, flexion of the
5th digits metacarpophalangeal and proximal
The middle third of the radius (radial interphalangeal joint of the 2nd-5th
head) digits
Flexor digitorum Posterior and medial borders of Base and palmar Median nerve and Ulnar artery and the Abduction of wrist, flexion of the
profundus ulnar, the interosseous membrane surface of the distal ulnar nerve anterior interosseous carpometacarpal,
phalanges of the 2nd- artery metacarophalangeal and
5th digits interphalangeal joints of the 1st digit

Flexor pollicis Interosseous membrane and the Palmar side of the Median nerve Anterior interosseous Abduction of the wrist, flexion of the
longus anterior surface of the radius distal phalanx of the artery carpometacarpal,
1st digit metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints of the 1st digit

Flexor pollicis Superficial head: the flexor Base of the proximal Recurrent branch of Superficial palmar branch Flexion of the carpometacarpal and
brevis retinaculum phalanx of the 1st digit the median nerve of the radial artery metacarpophalangeal joints of the
1st digit
Deep head: the capitate and
trapezium
Pronator Anterior surface of the distal ulna Anterior surface of Median nerve Anterior interosseous Pronation of the forearm and
quadratus the distal radius artery stabilization of the distal radioulnar
joint

Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of the humerus, Lateral radius distal to Medial nerve (C6-C7) Ulnar artery and the Weak flexion of the elbow joint,
the coronoid process of the ulna, the the insertion of the anterior ulnar recurrent pronation of the forearm
common flexor tendon supinator muscle artery

Supinator Supinator crest and the fossa of the Lateral one-third of Deep branch of radial Recurrent interosseous Supination of the forearm at the
ulna, the lateral epicondyle of the the proximal radius nerve (C6-C7) artery radioulnar joint
humerus, the radial collateral
ligament and annular ligament of the
radius
Anconeus Lateral epicondyle of humerus Lateral epicondyle of Radial nerve Recurrent interosseous Extension of the forearm
the olecranon and artery
superior part of the
posterior ulna distally

Brachioradialis Distal lateral supracondylar ridge of Lateral part of the Radial nerve (C5-C6) Radial recurrent artery Flexion of the elbow, supination
the humerus and the lateral styloid process of the and pronation of the forearm
intermuscular septum radius
Extensor carpi Lateral supracondylar ridge of the Dorsal base of the 2nd Radial nerve (C6-C7) Radial artery Weak flexion of the elbow and
radialis longus distal humerus and the lateral metacarpal bone extension and abduction at the
intermuscular septum wrist

Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Dorsal base of the 3rd Deep branch of the Radial artery Weak flexion of the elbow and
radialis brevis metacarpal bone radial nerve (C7-C8) extension and abduction at the
wrist

Extensor carpi Lateral epicondyle of the humerus Base of the medial Deep branch of the Ulnar artery Extension and adduction of the
ulnaris and the posterior surface of the ulna side of the 5th radial nerve (C7-C8) wrist
metacarpal bone
Extensor Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal digital Deep branch of radial Recurrent interosseous Extension of the wrist, extension of
digitorum expansion of the 2nd- nerve artery and the posterior the metacarpophalangeal, proximal
5th digits interosseous artery interphalangeal and distal
interphalangeal joints of the 2nd-5th
fingers, abduction of the fingers

Extensor digiti Lateral epicondyle of humerus Dorsal digital Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Extension and ulnar abduction of
minimi expansion and the nerve artery the wrist, abduction and extension
extensor digitorum of the metacarpophalangeal,
tendon of the 5th digit proximal interphalangeal and distal
interphalangeal joints of the 5th digit

Abductor pollicis Middle one-third of the posterior Base of the 1st Deep branch of the Posterior interosseous Abduction of the radiocarpal joint
longus surface of the radius and ulna, the metacarpal bone at radial nerve artery and carpometacarpal joint of the 1st
interosseous membrane the radial side digit
Abductor pollicis Scaphoid and trapezium bones, the Base of the proximal Recurrent branch of Superficial palmar branch Abduction of the carpometacarpal
brevis flexor retinaculum phalanx of the 1st digit the median nerve of the radial artery joint of the 1st digit

Adductor pollicis Capitate bone, the bases of the 2nd Base of the proximal Deep branch of the Deep palmar arterial arch Adduction of the carpometacarpal
oblique and 3rd metacarpal bones phalanx of the 1st digit ulna nerve joint of the thumb, flexion of the
metacarpophalangeal joint

Adductor pollicis Shaft of the palmar surface of the 3rd Base of the proximal Deep branch of the Deep palmar arterial arch Adduction of the carpometacarpal
transverse metacarpal phalanx of the 1st digit ulna nerve joint of the thumb, flexion of the
metacarpophalangeal joint

Extensor pollicis Posterolateral surface of the ulna, Base of distal phalanx Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Extension and radial abduction of
longus the interosseous membrane of 1st digit (thumb) nerve artery the wrist, adduction of the
carpometacarpal joint of the 1st
digit, extension of the
metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal joints of the 1st digit
Extensor pollicis Posterior surface of the distal radius, Base of the proximal Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Abduction of the radiocarpal joint,
brevis the interosseous membrane phalanx of the first nerve artery extension of the carpometacarpal
digit and metacarpophalangeal joints of
the 1st digit

Extensor indicis Posterolateral surface of the ulna Tendons join the Posterior interosseous Posterior interosseous Extension of the wrist, extension of
and the interosseous membrane extensor digitorum nerve artery the metacarpophalangeal, proximal
tendon to the 2nd digit interphalangeal and distal
and insert into the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd
posterior digital digit
expansion

Abductor digiti Pisiform bone Base of the 5th Deep branch of the Ulnar artery Flexion of the
minimi proximal phalanx on ulnar nerve metacarpophalangeal joint,
the ulnar side, the extension of the proximal
dorsal digital interphalangeal joint and distal
expansion of the 5th interphalangeal joint, abduction of
digit the 5th digit

Opponens digiti Hook of the hamate and the flexor Ulnar margin of the 5th Deep branch of the Ulnar artery Opposition of the 5th digit
minimi retinaculum metacarpal bone ulnar nerve
Opponens Trapezium and the flexor Radial margin of the Recurrent branch of Superficial palmar branch Opposition of the carpometacarpal
pollicis retinaculum shaft of the 1st the median nerve of the radial artery joint of the 1st digit
metacarpal bone

Flexor digiti Hook of hamate and flexor Base of 5th proximal Deep branch of ulnar Ulnar artery Flexion at carpometacarpal and
minimi brevis retinaculum phalanx nerve metacarpophalangeal joint of 5th
digit

First palmar Palmar surface of the 1st and 2nd Medial side of the Deep branch of ulnar Palmar metacarpal Flexion of the metacarpophalgeal
interosseous metacarpal bones digits and bases of nerve arteries joint, extension and adduction of
the 1st and 2nd the proximal and distal
proximal phalanx interphalangeal joints

Second palmar Palmar surface of the 4th metacarpal Lateral side of the Deep branch of ulnar Palmar metacarpal Flexion of the metacarpophalgeal
interosseous bone digit and base of the nerve arteries joint, extension and adduction of
4th proximal phalanx the proximal and distal
interphalangeal joints

Third palmar Palmar surface of the 5th metacarpal Lateral side of the Deep branch of ulnar Palmar metacarpal Flexion of the metacarpophalgeal
interosseous bone digit and base of the nerve arteries joint, extension and adduction of
5th proximal phalanx the proximal and distal
interphalangeal joints

First dorsal Two heads arise from adjacent Base of the proximal Deep branch of ulnar Palmar metacarpal Flexion of the metacarpophalgeal
interosseous sides of the 1st and 2nd metacarpal phalanx and the nerve arteries, dorsal joint, extension and abduction of
shafts extensor expansion of metacarpal arteries the proximal and distal
the lateral side interphalangeal joints

Second dorsal Two heads arise from adjacent Radial side of the 3rd Deep branch of ulnar Palmar metacarpal Flexion of the metacarpophalgeal
interosseous sides of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpal proximal phalanx and nerve arteries, dorsal joint, extension and abduction of
bones the 3rd digit metacarpal arteries the proximal and distal
interphalangeal joints
Third dorsal Two heads arise from adjacent Ulnar side of the 3rd Deep branch of ulnar Palmar metacarpal Flexion of the metacarpophalgeal
interosseous sides of the 3rd and 4th metacarpal proximal phalanx and nerve arteries, dorsal joint, extension of the
bones the 3rd digit metacarpal arteries interphalangeal joints

Fourth dorsal Two heads arise from adjacent Ulnar side of the 4th Deep branch of ulnar Palmar metacarpal Flexion of the metacarpophalgeal
interosseous sides of the 4th the 5th metacarpal proximal phalanx and nerve arteries, dorsal joint, extension and abduction of
bones the 4th digit metacarpal arteries the proximal and distal
interphalangeal joints

1st lumbrical of Tendon of the flexor digitorum Extensor expansion Common palmar Superficial palmar arterial Flexion of the
hand profundus of the 2nd digit on the radial side of digital branches of arch metacarpophalangeal joints
the proximal phalanx median nerve
of the 2nd digit

2nd lumbrical of Tendon of the flexor digitorum Extensor expansion Common palmar Superficial palmar arterial Flexion of the
hand profundus of the 3rd digit on the radial side of digital branches of arch metacarpophalangeal joints
the proximal phalanx median nerve
of the 3rd digit

3rd lumbrical of Tendon of the flexor digitorum Extensor expansion Deep branch of ulnar Superficial palmar arterial Flexion of the
hand profundus of the 3rd and 4th digits on the radial side of nerve arch metacarpophalangeal joints,
the proximal phalanx extension of the proximal and distal
of the 4th digit interphalangeal joints

4th lumbrical of Tendon of the flexor digitorum Extensor expansion Deep branch of ulnar Superficial palmar arterial Flexion of the
hand profundus of the 4th and 5th digits on the radial side of nerve arch metacarpophalangeal joints,
the proximal phalanx extension of the proximal and distal
of the 5th digit interphalangeal joints
Palmaris brevis Palmar aponeurosis overlaying the Skin of the Superficial branch of Ulnar artery Tightens the palmar aponeurosis
hypothenar eminence hypothenar eminence ulnar nerve and pulls the skin of the ulnar side
near the ulnar border of the hand to the corner of the
palm