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Regulators 92BT PDF
Regulators 92BT PDF
2:92BT
✰ Excellent Temperature
Control Accuracy
✰ Application Flexibility
✰ Thermostat Overheat
Protection
W7908
✰ Multiple Thermostat
Configurations
W7907
03/00
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
Specifications
2
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
Table 1. Main Valve Body Sizes and End Connection Styles Table 2. Type 92T Temperature Control Ranges(1)
Introduction
Temperature control can be a slow process because of the
The Type 92BT is a pilot-operated, direct-acting temp- heat transfer characteristics of the system the tempera-
erature regulator that does not require an external power ture regulator is controlling. This is especially true of large
supply. It is used in heating applications where steam tanks or jacketed kettles. Once steady-state operation of
is normally the heating medium. With proper system the system is attained, the regulator may have to be re-
sizing, the Type 92BT is accurate within 3% of the adjusted to attain the required setpoint.
maximum temperature setpoint at steady state operat-
ing conditions. Since the Type 92BT is a temperature control regulator,
it does not sense downstream pressure. During startup
The key component of the Type 92BT is the thermostat of a heating system, the downstream pressure could
of the Type 92T temperature pilot. The temperature rise to full inlet pressure which can be above safe
pilot’s thermostat consists of a spring opposed bellows- operating pressures. In these applications, it is recom-
capillary-bulb system. This system contains a fill of an mended to use a pressure regulator upstream of the
incompressible fluid at a pressure that is calibrated to temperature regulator or a Type 92BTP temperature and
the pilot's temperature control range and provides pressure limiting regulator to reduce the pressure to
proportional control. safe operating pressures.
The pilot body assembly is shipped from the factory in a The Type 92BTP regulator features a pressure limiting
separate box to prevent damage to the thermostat and pilot that prevents downstream pressure from rising
must be assembled on the main body by the customer. above the pressure pilot's setpoint. Using a pressure
The temperature pilot should be handled with care limiting regulator does not exclude the installation
so as not to kink the capillary tube between the bulb of an ASME certified full flow relief valve as speci-
and the pilot. A kink in the capillary tube can make fied by local codes and regulations or system
the temperature pilot inoperable. design.
3
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
Main Valve Features
✰ The Type 92BT and Type 92BTP ✰ Diaphragm clamping and ✰ Diaphragm casing contains
regulators are self-contained units that flex points are engineered rabbet fit for easy and accurate
do not require an external power source. to extend diaphragm life. diaphragm installation.
✰ Hardened stainless
steel trim parts that
resist erosion.
REDUCING
VALVE SPRING
E0224
INLET PRESSURE
LOADING PRESSURE
OUTLET PRESSURE
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID FILL
Principal of Operation
The main valve is spring closed. The pilot is held open
by the force from its springs. Inlet steam passes
Type 92BT Temperature Regulator
through the pilot seat to increase loading pressure on
(figure 3) the main valve diaphragm.
The pilot is operated by a contracting or expanding The flow through the pilot is greater than the flow
spring opposed bellows, according to the sensed through the bleed restriction, increasing loading pres-
temperature through a connected thermostat bulb and sure and opening the main valve to provide more flow to
capillary assembly. The thermostat assembly is filled the downstream system.
with an incompressible liquid, which expands or con-
tracts in a linear response to the sensed temperature to As steam flow increases through the valve, the down-
provide proportional control. stream temperature increases and is sensed by the
4
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
BELLOWS ADJUSTING
KNOB
SET SCREW
TEMPERATURE
RANGE LABEL
SPRINGS
THERMOSTAT
SEAT BULB AND
CAPILLARY
ASSEMBLY
TYPE 92T
TEMPERATURE
PILOT
BLEED RESTRICTION
thermostat assembly. As temperature approaches the Temperature adjustments are made by turning the
setpoint, the liquid fill in the thermostat assembly green adjustment knob on top of the pilot assembly
expands, causing the bellows to expand. The expand- clockwise to decrease and counterclockwise to in-
ing bellows throttles the pilot which positions the main crease the temperature. The color-coded temperature
valve at a flow to control the temperature. label shows the high and low ends of the pilot's tem-
perature control range. Exact values depend on pres-
When set temperature is exceeded, the bellow assem- sures and flow. To make final setpoint, use a tempera-
bly causes the pilot to close. Flow through the bleed ture gauge to determine the actual temperature.
restriction decreases loading pressure allowing the main
valve to close.
5
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
Pressure Limiting Pilot Features
✰ Removable strainer for ✰ Two stainless steel dia- ✰ Hardened stainless steel
fast and easy cleaning. phragms increase strength trim parts that resist erosion.
and extend operating life.
VALVE PLUG
ORIFICE
TYPE 92T
TEMPERATURE
PILOT
REDUCING
VALVE SPRING
E0225
6
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
SAFETY
RELIEF VALVE
INTERMEDIATE
P HOT WATER
OUTLET
T
INLET OUTLET
HOT WATER TANK
P P
THERMOSTAT BULB
BLOCK BLOCK
VALVE STRAINER VALVE
TYPE 92B TYPE 92BT
COLD WATER INLET
DRAIN
VALVE
BLOCK
VALVE FLOAT AND
THERMOSTATIC
STEAM TRAP
DRAIN DRIP
VALVE TRAP
P = Pressure Gauge
19B0936
E0235
T = Temperature Gauge
7
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
TYPE 92BT
INLET OUTLET
STRAINER
P P
BLOCK
VALVE
INLET OUTLET
DRIP T T
TRAP
THERMOSTAT
BULB
P = Pressure Gauge
STEAM COIL
General Heat Exchanger Formula the best efficiency. However, make sure the pressure
selected is high enough to satisfy the steam trap’s
lb/hr steam = U x A x (Ts - T2) minimum operating differential for condensate return.
H
2. When heating fluids above 200°F (93°C), select a
Where, steam saturation pressure that has a corresponding
GPM = Gallons Per Minute saturation temperature approximately 30°F (16°C)
∆T = Temperature rise, °F of heated fluid higher than outlet fluid temperature.
CFM = Cubic Feet per Minute 3. Limit the pressure drop across the regulator to 50%
H = Latent heat of steam, Btu/lb (kJ/kg) of inlet pressure. Install a pressure regulator and
A = Area, sqft (m2) temperature regulator in series for higher pressure
U = Overall heat transfer coefficient, reductions and more stable control.
Btu/hr-sqft-°F (W/(m2 . °C)) 4. Make sure the temperature regulator and/or pres-
Ts = Operating steam temperature, °F (°C) sure regulator operates above its minimum pressure
T2 = Product outlet temperature, °F (°C) differential for proper capacity.
EDR = Equivalent Direct Radiation
5. The bulb of the thermostat must be fully immersed
1.11 = Assumed safety factor into the fluid it is sensing to ensure accurate control.
Cp = Specific heat, kJ/kg . K The thermowell must be packed with heat transfer
.
w = kg/hr of heated fluid compound, which removes air from the thermowell and
improves thermal contact between the fluid, thermowell,
and bulb.
Temperature Control Guidelines 6. The thermostat bulb and coil can be affected by
When sizing and selecting temperature regulators, ambient temperature. Protect the thermostat bulb and
consider the following design and installation guidelines: capillary tubing to ensure they are measuring the
process temperature, not extreme ambient temperature.
1. When heating fluids up to 200°F (93°C), select a For example, controlling temperatures below ambient
steam pressure as low as possible. This can provide temperature can require special installation.
8
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
T = Temperature Gauge
INLET OUTLET
P P T
BLOCK BLOCK
VALVE STRAINER VALVE
TYPE 92BT
BLOCK STRAINER
VALVE
FLOAT AND
DRIP THERMOSTATIC
TRAP STEAM TRAP
STRAINER
7. Over and undershooting of the temperature can equipment. This will ensure that the heat balance in the
occur due to excessive pilot gain and when pressure heat transfer equipment is maintained and the steam
drops exceed 50% of the inlet pressure. Install a trap operates with the required pressure differential.
pressure reducing regulator ahead of the temperature
regulator to reduce sensitivity and increase control 3. Float and thermostatic steam traps are commonly
stability. used traps for removing condensate from heat transfer
equipment.
4. Install a steam trap 16 to 24 inches (41 to 61 cm)
below the heat transfer equipment. This creates a small
Condensate Return System Guidelines liquid static pressure on the inlet of the trap. It also
allows the condensate to subcool which reduces the
A common error in sizing condensate return systems is amount of flash steam that can occur across the trap.
failure to design a system that maintains a minimum
pressure differential across the steam trap over all 5. In the event that head loss and heat balance
operating conditions. If minimum differential pressure can calculations reveal that backpressure can occur down-
not be maintained across a steam trap, condensate will stream of the steam trap, a condensate pump may be
back up into the heat transfer equipment causing inaccu- necessary to remove the condensate.
rate temperature control. To ensure minimum differential
6. Under high heat load conditions of the heat transfer
pressure is attained across a steam trap, several design
equipment, a vacuum may occur on the steam side of
and installation techniques should be considered:
the equipment. This can occur during startup as the
1. When sizing the condensate return system, lb/hr of steam trap looses its minimum differential operating
steam flow equals lb/hr of condensate produced. pressure across the steam trap. To prevent this from
Therefore the steam trap selected must pass the same occurring, a vacuum breaker can be installed on the
amount of condensate flow as steam flow used in the steam side of the heat transfer equipment.
steam system. Remember, mass is always conserved
7. Heat exchangers and other heat transfer equip-
unless there are leaks in the heat transfer equipment.
ment must be protected with an ASME certified full
2. Static and dynamic head loss calculations of the flow relief device in the event of an overpressure
condensate return system should be completed prior to condition as specified by system design, codes, or
selecting a steam pressure used in the heat transfer regulations.
9
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
INLET OUTLET
P P
STRAINER
SAFETY
RELIEF VALVE
INLET
BLOCK
T THERMOSTAT VACUUM
VALVE
TYPE 92BTP BULB BREAKER
BLOCK PROCESS
VALVE FLUID OUT
HEAT
OUTLET EXCHANGER
T
DRIP
STRAINER TRAP
STRAINER
FLOAT AND
TYPE 92W THERMOSTATIC
CENTRIFUGAL STEAM TRAP
19B0939
E0258 PUMP
P = Pressure Gauge
T = Temperature Gauge
Capacity Information
Typical regulating capacities in pounds of saturated To convert capacity to kilograms per hours, multiply the
steam per hour are shown in table 5. If the steam is capacity in pounds per hour by 0.4536.
saturated and the pressure drop across the regulator is
If the steam is superheated or if the pressure drop across
critical (absolute outlet pressure equal to approximately
the regulator is lower than critical (absolute outlet pressure
one-half or less of the absolute inlet pressure), use the
greater than approximately one-half the absolute inlet
equation:
pressure), use other Fisher sizing methods or contact your
Q = (P1abs)(Cs) local Fisher Sales Representative for assistance.
where,
Q = Maximum flow capacity, pounds of
saturated steam per hour
P 1abs = Absolute inlet pressure (gauge inlet
pressure plus 14.7 psi)
Cs = Regulating flow coefficient (from table 4)
or wide-open flow coefficient (from table 4)
for relief valve sizing
10
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
5-3/4-inches
8-inches (15 cm)
(20 cm)
5/8-inch 3/4-inch
(16 mm) (19 mm)
3/4-inch NPT
PLAIN COPPER BULB UNION NUT ON COPPER BULB WITH STAINLESS STEEL WELL (STANDARD)
5-7/32-inches 18-inches
(13 cm) (46 cm)
3/4-inch 3/4-inch
(19 mm) (19 mm)
UNION NUT ON COPPER BULB (STANDARD) UNION NUT ON COPPER BULB WITH BRASS EXTENSION WELL
5-3/4-inches 18-inches
(14 cm) (46 cm)
3/4-inch 3/4-inch
(19 mm) (19 mm)
2227102
E0082 3/4-inch NPT 3/4-inch NPT
UNION NUT ON COPPER BULB WITH BRASS WELL UNION NUT ON COPPER BULB WITH STAINLESS STEEL EXTENSION WELL
Installation
Use qualified personnel when installing, operating, and pipeline threads and for flanged bodies use acceptable
maintaining Types 92BT and 92BTP regulators. Make flange gaskets between the regulator and pipe flanges.
sure that there is no damage to or foreign material in Then, using acceptable piping procedures, install the
the regulator and that all tubing and piping are clean and regulator into the pipeline.
unobstructed. Install the regulator so that the flow
direction matches the arrow found on the regulator body. The maximum inlet pressure for a specific construction
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 show some typical Type 92BT is stamped on the main valve nameplate. Use pressure
and 92BTP regulator applications. gauges to monitor upstream and downstream pressures
and a temperature gauge to monitor temperature. Do
To prevent condensate buildup, install the regulator so not exceed the system component pressure and
that condensate can drain from the body. For NPT temperature ratings.
bodies apply compatible pipe compound to the male
11
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
Table 5. Capacities
12
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
øC øC
E
E
G
G
L 1/2 A
L 1/2 A
A
A
øC
9.32
(236)
L
19B0934
E0228
Type 92BT
13
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
øC
øC
E
E
G
G
L
1/2 A L
1/2 A
A
A
9.25
(235) 9.25
(235)
9.25
øC
(235)
19B0935
E0229
L
Type 92BTP
14
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
Order Guide Thermostat Connection (Select One - See figure 9)
! Plain copper bulb**
Type (Select One) ! Union nut on copper bulb***
! 92BT Temperature Regulator ! Union nut on copper bulb with brass well**
! 92BTP Temperature and Pressure Limiting Regulator ! Union nut on copper bulb with 316 stainless
steel well***
Main Valve Body Size (Select One) ! union nut on copper bulb with brass extension well**
1-inch (DN 25) ! union nut on copper bulb with 316 stainless steel
! NPT Screwed*** extension well **
1-1/2-inch (DN 40)
! NPT Screwed*** Pilot Position (Select One)
! 125 FF*** ! Pilot(s) up***
! 250 RF*** ! Pilot(s) down***
2-inch (DN 50)
! NPT Screwed*** Type 92BTP Control Pressure Range (Select One)
! 125 FF*** ! 5 to 70 psig (0,34 to 4,8 bar), green***
! 250 RF*** ! 20 to 150 psig (1,4 to 10,3 bar), red***
3-inch (DN 80)
! 125 FF*** Tubing and Fittings (Select One)
! 250 RF*** ! Copper tubing and brass fittings***
4-inch (DN 100) ! Stainless steel tubing and fittings**
! 125 FF***
Type 92B Main Valve Replacement Parts Kit (Optional)
! 250 RF***
! Yes, send one Type 92B parts kit to match this order.
Temperature Range (Select One)
Type 92T Pilot Replacement Parts Kit (Optional)
! 80 to 120°F (27 to 49°C), yellow***
! 100 to 150°F (36 to 66°C), black*** ! Yes, send one Type 92T parts kit to match this order.
! 120 to 180°F (49 to 82°C), blue***
Type 6392 Pilot Replacement Parts Kits (Optional)
! 160 to 220°F (71 to 104°C), red***
! 200 to 260°F (93 to 127°C), green*** ! Yes, send one Type 6392 parts kit to match this order.
! 260 to 320°F (127 to 160°C), orange***
15
Bulletin 71.2:92BT
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©Fisher Controls International, Inc., 2000; All Rights Reserved
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