Parts of Speech (शब्द के भे द)

Just like English, which has its own basic types of words
known as part of speech, Hindi on the other hand has them
too. Let us learn them one by one.

Shabdo ke prakar (Parts of speech):

Parts of speech in Hindi are similar to the ones which we have
in English. There are eight parts of speech namely:

1)    Sangya (Noun)

2)    Sarvanam (Pronoun)
3)    Vesheshan (Adjectives)
4)    Kriya (Verb)
5)    Kriya Vesheshan (Adverb)
6)    Sambandhbodhak (Preposition)
7)    Sammuchyabodhak (Conjuction)
8)    Vismayadibodhak (Interjection)

1) Sangya (संज्ञा, Noun):

 The name of person, place or thing is called as Noun, Nouns
are also known as sangya (सं ज्ञा) in Hindi.

(किसी भी व्यक्ति, स्थान, वस्तु आादि के नाम को सं ज्ञा कहते है । जै से कमला, रोहन, मुं बई)

For Example:
● Kamla (कमला) (किसी खास लङकी का नाम।)
● Rohan (रोहन) (किसी खास लङका का नाम।)
● Mumbai (मुं बई) (किसी खास महानगर का नाम।)

The following sentences contain examples of sangya (nouns):

● Kamla padayi kr rhi hai (कमला पढाई कर रही है ।) Kamla is doing

study.
● Rohan bhut natkhat hai. (रोहन बहुत नटखट है ।) Rohan is very
naughty.
● Mumbai bhut sundar mahanagar hai. (मुं बई बहुत सुं दर महानगर है ।)

2) Sarvanam (सर्वनाम, Pronoun):

Pronoun are words used in place of nouns. In Hindi, pronouns
are called as sarvanam.

(सं ज्ञा के बदले आए हुए शब्द को उसे सर्वनाम कहते है । जै से - वह, वो, हम, तु म, मै , तु म्हारा आदि।)

For Example:
 ● vah (वह) – he or she
 ● Voh (वो) – they
 ● Hum (हम) -  We
 ● Tum (तु म)  - You
 ● Main (मै )  - I
 ● Tumhara (तु म्हारा) – Your

The following sentences contain examples of sarvanam

(pronouns):

Humlog aaj ghumne jar he hai (हमलोग आज घूमने जा रहे है ।) We have

been going around today.

Mai bazaar jar hi hu.( मै बाजार जा रही हं ।ू ) I am going to market.

3) Vesheshan (विशेषण, Adjectives):

Vesheshan also give additional information about the noun
(sangya) or the pronoun (sarvanam).
(किसी भी सं ज्ञा अथवा सर्वनाम की विशे षता बतलाता है उसे विशे षण कहते हैं । जै से - एक यु वा लङका है ।)

Example:
A Young boy. (एक यु वा लङका ।)
Ek yuva larka.

Young – adjective
Boy – noun.
यु वा – विशे षण
लङका – सं ज्ञा)

For example:  
• Chatur (चतु र) – clever
• Kala (काला) – Black
• Lamba (लं बा) – Long
• Chotta (छोटा) - Small
• Yuva (यु वा) – Young

The following sentences contain examples of vesheshan

(adjectives):

Rohan ek chatur larka hai. (रोहन एक चतु र लड़का है ।) Rohan is clever

boy.
Mahesh lamba larka hai. (महे श लं बा लड़का है ।) Mohan is tall boy.

4) Kriya (क्रिया, Verb):

In Hindi, the verb, specially the action verb is known as kriya
(क्रिया).
(किसी वस्तु या चीज़ के विषय मे कहने के लिए जिस शब्द का प्रयोग होता है । वही शब्द क्रिया है ।)

For Example:
• Khata hai (खाता है ) - Eating
• Jaata hai (जाता है ) - Going
• Sota hai (सोता है ) - Sleeping
• Gaata hai (गाता है ) - Singing

Note: the verbs given in the examples are for the singular

masculine subjects. For feminine gender and singular number,
the verbs are conjucted as khati hai.(खाती है ), gaati hai. (गाती है ),
jaati hai. (जाती है ). The plurals of the verbs for both genders are
khate hai (खाते है ), gaate hai (गाते है ), jaate hai(जाते है ).

The following sentences contain examples of kriya (verb):

• Sita mithai kha rhi hai. (सीता मिठाई खा रही है ।) Sita is eating sweets.
• Shaan gaana gar ha hai. (शान गाना गा रहा है ।) Shaan is singing song.

5) Kriya Vesheshan (क्रिया-विशेषण, Adverb):

Kriya Vesheshan (क्रिया-विशे षण) in Hindi does the same work as
done by adverbs in English. These words give additional
information about the verb, adjectives, and other adverbs in a
sentence.
(क्रिया को विशले षित करने अथवा विशे षता बताने वाले शब्द को क्रिया-विशे षण कहते है ।)

For Example:
• Dheere (धीरे -धीरे ) – Slowly
• Tej (ते ज़) – Fast

The following sentences contain examples of kriya visheshan.

Ram dhire dhire khana khata hai. (राम धीरे -धीरे खाना खाता है ) Ram eats
food slowly.
Rabbit bhut tej daud rha hai. (खरगोश बहुत ते ज दौड़ रहा है ।) Rabbit is
running very fast.

6) Preposition (सम्बन्धबोधक, Sambandhbodhak):

Preposition are describe the relationship between the nouns,

verbs, and adjectives, sambandhbodhak shabd are words that
also tell about the relationships of sangya (nouns) and
sarvanam (pronouns) with other words of the sentence.

For Example:
• Inside - bheetar
• Outside - bahar.
• Near - paas

The following sentences contain examples of

sambandhbodhak:

Ram ghar ke bhahar hai .( रामघर के बाहर है ।) - ram is uptside the

home.
Reeta hotel ke andar hai.( रीता होटल के अं दर है ।) - reeta is inside the
hotel.

7) Conjuction (समु च्चयबोधक, Sammuchyabodhak):

Those words which does the job of joining two sentences or
parts of sentences are known as conjuction.
(जब दो या दो से अघिक शब्दो  अथवा वाक्यो को जोङता है । उसे समु च्चयबोधक कहते है ।)

For Example:
Aur(और) - and
Kintu(किंतु ) - but
Kyunki (क्योंकि) - because

The following sentences contain examples of

Sammuchyabodhak:
Ram or shyam bhai hai.( राम और श्याम भाई है ।) ram and shyam both
are brothers.
Rohan ko paise mat dena kyunki veh udhar wapis nhi karta hai.
( रोहन को  पै से मत दे ना क्योंकि वो उधार वापिस नही करता है ।।) - don't give money to
Rohan because he does not return the amount.

8) Interjection (Vismayadibodhak, विस्मयादिबोधक):

The sentences which uses exclamatory mark with the words
are known as interjection.
(वह वाक्य जिसमे गहरी अनूभति
ू हो उसे विस्मयादिबोधक कहते है ।)

For example:
• Arey!(अरे !) – oh!.
• Kash!(काश!) – I wish!
• Wah!(वाह!) – Wow!

The following sentences contain examples of

Vismayadibodhak..

Arey! Ye to bhut sundar hai.( अरे ! ये तो बहुत सु दंर है ।) oh! This is very
beautiful.
Wah! Kitna acha mausam hai.(वाह: कितना अच्छा मौसम है ।) Waw!
Weather is so pleasant.