RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Concentration Total no. of dead Total no. of animals Dead

(ppm) animals used mortality % Log (ppm) Probit time
1000 20 20 100% 3.00 8.95% 5
500 20 20 100% 2.6987 8.95% 10
250 10 20 50% 2.3974 5% 20
125 8 20 40% 2.0969 4.76% 25
60 4 20 20% 1.7781 4.10% 30
30 2 20 10% 1.4771 3.72% 60
20 1 20 5% 1.3010 3.36% 80
10 1 20 5% 1.00 3.36% 96
Table 1. Results obtained from the experiment conducted.

Table 2. Intercept and Log (ppm) values obtained from excel

  Coefficients
Intercept -0.6485 b
Log (ppm) 3.0069 a

y= aχ+b
LC50 of 50%, y= 5
5= 3.0069x + (-0.6485)
x= 5+ 0.6485/ 3.0069
x= 1.8785
LC50 Antilog (x) =10^ 1.879
= 75.6962 ppm
=75%

Graph 1. Probit Analysis and LC 50 Calculation

 Probit Analysis and LC 50 Calculation
10.00%

9.00%

8.00%

7.00%

6.00%
Probit %

5.00%

4.00%

3.00%

2.00%

1.00%

0.00%
0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50

Log (ppm)
.

LC50 values usually referred to the concentration of a chemical in air but it can also mean the
concentration of a chemical in water in environmental studies. As expressed from graph 1 above,
higher concentration resulting to higher number of deaths. Based on the table, at 500-1000 ppm
showed that all of the 20 tested animals are in 100% mortality. The number of animal’s death are
gradually decrease as the concentration is decreases. A determination of LC 50 value are defined as a
single exposure should kill 50% of the total population (Wexler 2014). The concentration of the 250
ppm is the concentration that fulfil the determination of the characteristic of LC 50 as it is recorded
killed 10 out of the 20 animals that tested in this experiment. Meaning to say that 250 ppm is a lethal
concentration that will killed at least 50% of the population.

By referring on the table 1, at 250 ppm as lethal concentration resulted 50% mortality which
gives 5% of probit. Probit analysis is commonly used in toxicology to determine the relative toxicity
of chemicals to living organism, in other word is to evaluate dose-response data (Barkai-Golan and
Follett, 2017). Thus, the probit value is needed to calculate the LC 50 value with the help of the formula
“y= aχ +b”. The “y” is the probit value which obtained from the table for 50%, the “a” is the log
expressed as ppm value, and “b” is the intercept value which can be computed from Microsoft excel.
The χ value obtained for determination of LC 50 value by using the antilog (χ). From the calculation by
the formula mentioned, this gives us the value of the LC50 in ppm and also in percentages. Therefore,
the result can be concluded that the value of LC50 is 75.6962 ppm or 75%.

REFERENCES

Barkai-Golan R, Follett PA. 2017. Irradiation for quality improvement, microbial safety and
phytosanitation of fresh produce. (USA): Elsevier Inc.
Wexler P. 2014. Encyclopedia of toxicology. (USA): Elsevier Inc.