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ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺩﺭ:
ﺍﻟﻬﺯﺍﻉ ،ﻫﺯﺍﻉ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ .ﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﺎﺕ ﻤﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ .ﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻟﻁﺒﻊ.
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ﻫﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ
ﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﻬﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ؟
ﻫﻭ ﺘﺼﻨﻴﻑ ﻟﻸﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺎﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻹﻨﺴﺎﻥ ،ﻤﻘﺴﻤﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺃﺭﺒﻊ ﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻤﻭﻀـﻭﻋﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻫﺭﻡ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻏﺭﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻐﺫﺍﺌﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ .ﻴﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭل ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋـﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬـﺭﻡ
ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻹﻜﺜﺎﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻭﻤﻴﺔ ،ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﻗﻤـﺔ ﺍﻟﻬـﺭﻡ ﻓﻴﻨﺒﻐـﻲ
ﺍﻹﻗﻼل ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩﺭ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ .ﻭﻴﻨﺼﺢ ﺒﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴـﺘﻭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜـﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟـﺙ
ﺒﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﺘﺒﻌﺎﹰ ﻟﻨﻭﻋﻴﺘﻬﺎ .ﻭﻴﻭﻀﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻤﺭﻓﻕ ﻫﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ.
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ﻤﺸﺎﺒﻬﺔ .ﻭﻟﻘﺩ ﺴﻤﻴﺕ ﺒﺎﻟﺘﻤﺭﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻨﻅﺭﺍﹰ ﻷﻥ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﺠﺴﻡ ﺘﺤﺼل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﻗﺔ ﺃﺜﻨـﺎﺀ
ﺍﻨﻘﺒﺎﻀﻬﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻜﺴﺠﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻨﺸﻕ ،ﻭﻟﻴﺱ ﻷﻨﻬﺎ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻁﻠـﻕ
ﻜﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﺘﻘﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺽ.
ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻓﺘﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴـﻊ ﺍﻷﻨﺸـﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀـﻴﺔ
ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺭﻭﻴﺤﻴﺔ ،ﻜﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺩﻡ ،ﻭﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﺱ ،ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻁﺎﺌﺭﺓ ،ﻭﻤﺎ ﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﺫﻟـﻙ ﻤـﻥ
ﺃﻨﺸﻁﺔ .ﻭﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻭﺍﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺔ ﻤﺩﺓ ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﻥ ٣٠-٢٠ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜـل
ﻤﺭﺓ ،ﺒﻤﻌﺩل ٥-٣ﻤﺭﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ.
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ﺍﻹﻗﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺤﺔ ﻗﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻁﺎﻉ اﻟﺮاﺣﺔ
ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ٤
واﻟﺨﻤﻮل ٤
اﻟﻘﻮة ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت
٣-٢ﻤﺭﺍﺕ /ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ اﻟﻌﻀﻠﯿﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ٣
واﻟﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ٣
اﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ
٥-٣ﻣﺮات /اﻷﺳﺒﻮع
اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ رﯾﺎﺿﯿﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ٢
اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﯿﺔ وﺗﺮوﯾﺤﯿﺔ ٢
ﻛﻞ ﯾﻮم ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ١
اﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻟﺒﺪﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﺤﯿﺎﺗﯿﺔ ١
ﻫﺭﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ ،ﻭﻴﺘﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺭﻜﻴﺯ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﺃﻜﺒﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻨﺸﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺎﻋﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻬـﺭﻡ
)ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻷﻭل( ﺜﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺙ ،ﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﻗﻼل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻟﺭﺍﺒﻊ )ﻗﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﺭﻡ(.
اﻟﻤﺼﺪرNASPE, 1998 ( from: Corbin & Lindsey, 1997) :
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§ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻷﻭﻟﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻤﻭﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺨﺼﺼﻭﺍ ﻭﻗﺘﺎﹰ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﹰ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺴﺒﻭﻉ ﻴﻤﺎﺭﺴﻭﻥ ﻤـﻊ ﻋـﺎﺌﻼﺘﻬﻡ
ﻨﺸﺎﻁﺎﹰ ﺭﻴﺎﻀﻴﺎﹰ ﻤﺸﺘﺭﻜﺎﹰ ،ﻤﺜل ﺍﻟﻤﺸﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻜﻭﺭﻨﻴﺵ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﻤﺎﻜﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﻲ ،ﺃﻭ
ﻤﻤﺎﺭﺴﺔ ﻜﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺯل ،ﺃﻭ ﺭﻜﻭﺏ ﺍﻟﺩﺭﺍﺠﺎﺕ ،ﺃﻭ ﻨﻁ ﺍﻟﺤﺒل ،ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺯﺤﻠﻕ ﻋﻠـﻰ
ﺍﻟﻌﺠﻼﺕ ،ﺃﻭ ﻏﻴﺭﻫﺎ.
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ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ
ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ:
.١ﺍﻟﻬﺯﺍﻉ ،ﻫﺯﺍﻉ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ .ﻓﺴﻴﻭﻟﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺠﻬﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ ﻟﺩﻯ ﺍﻷﻁﻔـﺎل ﻭﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸـﺌﻴﻥ .ﺍﻟﺭﻴـﺎﺽ :ﺍﻻﺘﺤـﺎﺩ
ﺍﻟﺴﻌﻭﺩﻱ ﻟﻠﻁﺏ ﺍﻟﺭﻴﺎﻀﻲ١٤١٧ ،ﻫـ.
.٢ﺍﻟﻬﺯﺍﻉ ،ﻫﺯﺍﻉ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ .ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ ﺍﻟﺒﺩﻨﻲ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺒﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺸﺌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌـﺎﺕ ﺨﻠﻴﺠﻴـﺔ ﻤﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺓ.
ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺫﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﺫﻴﺔ.٤٧-٢٢ :(٨)٤ ،٢٠٠٣ ،
ﺍﻟﻤﺭﺍﺠﻊ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻠﻴﺯﻴﺔ:
3. Cavill N, Biddle S, Sallis J. Health enhancing physical activity for young people:
Statement of the United kingdom Expert Consensus Conference. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2001,
13: 12-25.
4. NASPE. Physical Activity for Children: A Statement of Guidelines. Reston, VA: NASPE
Publication, 1998.
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