J.S.P.M.

's

JAYAWANTRAO SAWANT COLLEGE OF ENGG. HADAPSAR, PUNE-28

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

CLASS – T.E.MECH

TURBOMACHINES LAB MANUAL

 EXPERIMENT-1
Title: Verification of Impulse Momentum principle.

Objectives: Verification of impulse momentum principle using flat, inclined

and curved vanes.

Apparatus required:

Impact of jet apparatus, weights etc

Experimental Set Up

Description:

It is a closed circuit water re-circulation systems consisting of sump tank,

monoblock pump set, Jet / Vane Chamber, flow rate measurement, direct
reading digital force indicator. The water is drawn from the sump tank by
monoblock centrifugal pump and delivers it vertically to the nozzle. The flow
control valve is also provided for controlling the water into the nozzle. The
water is issued out of nozzle as jet. The jet is made to strike the vane, the force
of which is transferred directly to the force indicator. The provision is made to
change the vane of different shapes.
Theory:

Impulse momentum principle states that the impulse exerted on any body is
equal to the resulting change in momentum of the body. This principle is
modified form of Newton’s second law of motion.
It can expressed as,

F(x) = d(mx)/dt

F(x)dt = d(mx)

d (mx) = Change in momentum in X- direction.

For fluid it can be expressed as,

For X- direction,

∑ F(x) = ρQ (V2x – V1x)

For flat plate:-

F = ρQV2

For inclined plate:-

Fn = ρQV2 sinθ

For Curved vane:-

F = ρQV2 (1+cosθ)
Procedure:

1. Balance the lever mechanism by the adjustment of balance weight to

coincide marking on lever and acrylic support plate.
2. Start the motor.
3. Allow some time to flow the water as the jet.
4. Apply ‘W’ gm weight on weight hanger. Lever gets unbalanced.
5. Adjust the flow control valve so that jet of water, lift the lever mechanism
upward till balance is achieved.
6. Close the discharge valve of measuring tank. Measure the time needed
for ‘h’ mm rise by stop watch.
7. Repeat the experiment for the weight ‘W1’ gm, ‘W2’ gm etc.
8. Take at least four readings.
9. Repeat above procedure for inclined plate and curved plate.
Precautions:
1) There should not be any contaminants in the water.
2) Keep control valve and discharge valve open.
3) Prime the pump.
4) Put the weights in hanger in proper position.
5) Start always with balance position of lever.

Observations:

1) Area of tank =
2) Diameter of jet ‘d’ =
3) Area of jet ‘A’ =
4) Angle of inclined plate =
5) Density of water =1000kg/m3
6) Height of the manometer, h = hf - hi=
7) Distance of jet force=y=
8) Distance of Weight=x=

OBSERVATION TABLE:
1. For flat plate

Initial Final
Weight applied W(gms) Time Required for h mm rise t (sec)
S.No. Reading Reading

Flat Inclined Curved hi(mm) hf(mm) Flat Inclined Curved

Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate Plate

5
Sample Calculations:

For Flat Plate

1) Discharge Q (m3/s)

Q = (Area of tank X height) / t

2) Velocity of jet

V = Q / Area of jet

3) Theoretical force applied by jet

Fth = ρAV2

4) Actual force of the jet

Fa = W x (x/y)

5) Coefficient of Impact = Fa / Fth

For Inclined Flat Plate

1) Discharge Q (m3/s)
Q = (Area of tank X height) / t

2) Velocity of jet
V = Q / Area of jet

3) Theoretical force applied by jet

Fth = ρAV2Sinθ

4) Actual force of the jet

Fa = W x (x/y)

5) Coefficient of Impact = Fa / Fth

For Curved Plate

1) Discharge Q (m3/s)
Q = (Area of tank X height) / t

2) Velocity of jet
V = Q / Area of jet

3) Theoretical force applied by jet

Fth = ρQV2 (1+cosθ)

4) Actual force of the jet

Fa = W x (x/y)

5) Coefficient of Impact = Fa / Fth

Result Table:

1. Flat Plate:

Sr. Weight applied Discharge Velocity

Fth N Fa N K=Fa / Fth
No. W gms Q m3/s V m/s

Plot the graph of Q Vs Fa / Fth.

2. Flat Inclined Plate:

Sr. Weight applied Discharge Velocity

Fth N Fa N K=Fa / Fth
No. W gms Q m3/s V m/s

Plot the graph of Q Vs Fa / Fth.

3. Curved Flat Plate:

Sr. Weight applied Discharge Velocity

Fth N Fa N K=Fa / Fth
No. W gms Q m3/s V m/s

Plot the graph of Q Vs Fa / Fth.

Conclusions: