Taal Volcano (IPA: [taʔal]; Tagalog: Bulkang Taal; Spanish: Volcán Taal) is a large caldera filled

by Taal Lake in the Philippines.[1] Located in the province of Batangas, the volcano is the second-
most active volcano in the Philippines, with 34 recorded historical eruptions, all of which were
concentrated on Volcano Island, near the middle of Taal Lake. The caldera was formed by
prehistoric eruptions between 140,000 and 5,380 BP.[2][3]
Viewed from the Tagaytay Ridge in Cavite, Taal Volcano and Lake presents one of the most
picturesque and attractive views in the Philippines.[4] It is located about 50 kilometers (31 mi) south of
the capital of the country, the city of Manila. The main crater of Taal Volcano originally had
a lake until the explosive 2020 eruption expelled its water; the lake reformed within months in the
rainy climate after activity ceased.
The volcano has had several violent eruptions in the past, causing loss of life on the island and the
populated areas surrounding the lake, with the death toll estimated at about 6,000. Because of its
proximity to populated areas and its eruptive history, the volcano was designated a Decade Volcano,
worthy of close study to prevent future natural disasters. All volcanoes of the Philippines are part of
the Pacific Ring of Fire.

Contents

 1Etymology
 2History
o 2.1Geology
o 2.2Eruptions
 2.2.1Pre-20th century
 2.2.21911 eruption
 2.2.2.1Death toll
 2.2.2.2Effects on the Volcano Island
 2.2.2.3Post-eruption crater changes
 2.2.31965 to 1977 eruptions
 2.2.4Early 21st century
 2.2.52020s
 3Geography
 4Activity monitoring
o 4.1Alert Levels
o 4.2Eruption precursors at Taal
 4.2.1Other possible precursors
 5Philippine currency
 6References
 7External links

Etymology[edit]
Taal Volcano was also called Bombou in 1821.[5]

History[edit]
Geology[edit]
Taal Volcano is part of a chain of volcanoes along the western side of the edge of the island of
Luzon, which were formed by the subduction of the Eurasian Plate underneath the Philippine Mobile
Belt. Taal Lake lies within a 25–30 km (16–19 mi) caldera formed by explosive eruptions between
140,000 and 5,380 BP.[2] Each of these eruptions created extensive ignimbrite deposits, reaching as
far away as where Manila stands today.[6]
Since the formation of the caldera, subsequent eruptions have created a volcanic island within the
caldera, known as Volcano Island. This 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) island covers an area of about 23
square kilometres (8.9 sq mi) with the center of the island occupied by the 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) Main
Crater with a single crater lake formed from the 1911 eruption. The island consists of different
overlapping cones and craters of which forty-seven have been identified. Twenty six of these are tuff
cones, five are cinder cones and four are maars.[7]