GEC 8

MODULE 8

Governor Mariano E. Villafuerte Community College- Siruma

Poblacion, Siruma Camarines Sur
gmvcc.siruma@gmail.com
MODULE OBJECTIVE

At the end of this module, students should be able to:

• Understand the meaning of global city

• Understand the characteristics of global city
• Understand why there is increase of global cities

MODULE CONTENT

Global Population and Mobility 2

Reason in increase of Global City 3

Demographics 3

Global Migration 4

1|P age
Global Population and Mobility

CITIES IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD ALTHOUGH GLOBALIZATION certainly affects rural

and peri urban areas, global forces are centered in cities. It is in cities that global operations are
centralized and where we can see most clearly the phenomena associated with their activities,
whether it be changes in the structure of employment, the formation of powerful partnerships,
the development of monumental real estate, the emergence of new forms of local governance,
the effects of organized crime, the expansion of corruption, the fragmentation of informal
networks or the spatial isolation and social exclusion of certain population groups.

THE GLOBAL CITY

The Global City - also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city which
is a primary node in the global economic network.

THREE KEY TENDENCIES SEEM TO FOLLOW FROM THESE STRUCTURAL FACTS ABOUT
GLOBAL CITIES.

One is a concentration of wealth in the hands of owners, partners, and professionals associated
with the high- end firms in this system. Second is a growing disconnection between the city
and its region. Third is the growth of a large marginalized population that has a very hard time
earning a living in the marketplace define by these high-end activities

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GLOBAL CITY

• A variety of international financial services, notably in finance, insurance, real estate,

banking, accountancy, and marketing
• Headquarters of several multinational corporations
• The existence of financial headquarters, a stock exchange, and major financial
institutions
• Domination of the trade and economy of a large surrounding area
• Major manufacturing centers with port and container facilities
• Considerable decision-making power on a daily basis and at a global level
• Centers of new ideas and innovation in business, economics, culture, and politics
• Centers of media and communications for global networks
• Dominance of the national region with great international significance
• High percentage of residents employed in the services sector and information sector
• High-quality educational institutions, including renowned universities, international
student attendance, and research facilities
• Multi-functional infrastructure offering some of the best legal, medical, and
entertainment facilities in the country
• High diversity in language, culture, religion, and ideologies.

2|P age
REASONS OF INCREASE IN GLOBAL CITIES

The increase in global cities is linked to the globalization of economies and the
centralization of mass production within urban centers.

CRITICISMS OF GLOBAL CITIES

Despite playing significant roles in the global economy, global city thesis has been known
for being a threat to state-centric perspectives. These cities have been accused of focusing their
reach to other global cities and neglecting cities within the national outreach. These cities are
more connected to the outside world than to their domestic economy.

DEMOGRAPHICS is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race and sex.
Governments, corporations and nongovernment organizations use demographics to learn more
about a population's characteristics for many purposes, including policy development and
economic market research.

HOW DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IS USED

Most large companies conduct demographic research to determine how to market their
product or service and best capture the target audience. It is valuable to know the current
customer and where the potential customer may come from in the future. Demographic trends
are also important, since the size of different demographic groups changes over time as a result
of economic, cultural and political circumstances

3|P age
What are the stages of the Demographic Transition Model?

THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

The demographic transition theory is a generalized description of the changing pattern of

mortality, fertility and growth rates as societies move from one demographic regime to another.
The term was first coined by the American demographer Frank W. Notestein in the mid-
twentieth century, but first coined it has since been elaborated and expanded upon by many
others.

THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

Stage 1: Pre-transition Characterized by high birth rates, and high fluctuating death rates.

Stage 2: Early transition During the early stages of the transition, the death rate begins to fall.
As birth rates remain high, the population starts to grow rapidly.

Stage 3: Late transition Birth rates start to decline. The rate of population growth decelerates.
Stage 4: Post-transition Post-transitional societies are characterized by low birth and low death
rates. Population growth is negligible, or even enters a decline.

LIMITATIONS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL

There are things the DTM cannot reveal: the impact of other demographic variables such
as migration, are not considered, nor does the model predict how long a country will be in each
stage. But even so, the relationship between birth rate and death rate is an important concept
when discussing population and any patterns, such as those provided by the DTM, that aid in
understanding are helpful.

GLOBAL MIGRATION

Most global migration is from developing countries to developed ones. Global migration
can be understood as a cause and effect relationship, though the causes are just as numerous as
their effects. People move across international borders for a variety of reasons Why do people
move? is a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, especially to find work.

Why do people move?

• ECONOMIC REASONS
Lack of employment opportunities or differentials in employment opportunities
and wages; the lure of a well-paid job in a wealthy country is a powerful driver of
international migration. Lack of educational institutions across developing countries has
also tremendously contributed to the reasons for migration.

• POLITICAL REASONS

The unattractiveness of agricultural activities, disasters, lack of basic amenities

(roads, electricity, portable water, and inadequate health care facilities) and industrial
ventures in countries have also encouraged international migration.

4|P age
 • SOCIAL FACTORS

Socially factors are things that affect someone's lifestyle. These could include
wealth, religion, buying habits, education level, family size and structure and population
density.

• CULTURAL FACTORS

The idea of culture is vital to understanding the implications for translation and,
despite the differences of opinion as to whether language is a part of culture or not, the
two are connected. Culture range from syntax, ideologies, religion, language and dialect,
to art and literacy.

• PUSH-PULL FACTOR

In geographical terms, the push-pull factors are those that drive people away from
a place and draw people to a new location. A combination of push-pull factors helps
determine migration or immigration of particular populations from one land to another.
Push Factors: Reasons to Leave Factors that help migrants decide to leave their home.
Pull Factors: Reasons to Migrate Factors that attract people and area where immigrants
are going.

Migration affects both the place of origin and the place of destination on the various aspects such
as environmental aspects, economic aspects, health and social aspects.

• Environmental aspects: Migration of people has the direct effect on both, the place of
origin and the place of destination. Problems like settlement, over-exploitation of resources, and
the pollution of different kinds will be visible.

• Economic aspects: The consequence on the place of origin will be a loss of economically
active groups of the population.

• Health and social aspect: The places of destination are normally those places where
facilities are made available to a limited extent so as to fulfill the needs of the native dwellers.
However, the places overcrowd with the constant flow of migrants, and facilities and other needs
become insufficient.

OFW

An Overseas Filipino Worker (Filipino: Pilipino sa Ibayong-dagat) is a person of Filipino

origin who lives outside the Philippines. This term applies to Filipinos who are abroad indefinitely
as citizens or as permanent residents of a different country and to those Filipino citizens abroad
for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract or as students. OFWs The life of "OFW"
is not easy, they work to foreign country and sacrifice. They go and find a job there, so that they
will be able to earn money to support the daily needs and give a better future to their family left
here in the Philippines.

5|P age
References

• https://capaworld.capa.org/2014/03/12/makes-global-city
• http://www.saskiasassen.com/pdfs/publications/the-global-city-brown.pdf
• https://understandingsociety.blogspot.com/2013/09/the-global-city-saskia-sassen.html
• https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-is-a-global-city.html
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city
• https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/global-migration
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/demographics.asp#ixzz5QZS2QHJl
• http://papp.iussp.org/sessions/papp101_s01/PAPP101_s01_090_010.html

6|P age
Using your own words, Answer the following questions.

1. Are you in favor to Filipinos who work abroad? If yes, Why? If no, Why not?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the reason of increase in global cities? Explain briefly

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3.Explain the stages in transition of demography. Explain each phase.

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

7|P age