Load values for towing units

General information

General information
This document describes the towing unit’s load values for tractors and trucks.

Load values for tractor

General information
Calculation of the D value is made according to directive UN-ECE R55.

The D value is a reference value for the horizontal force between tractor and semi-
trailer. It is used as basis when testing and to specify the performance of the fifth
wheel equipment.

Dimensioning
When dimensioning, all included coupling equipment must have a higher or at least
the same D value as the calculated vehicle combination.

Calculation of D value for tractor and semi-trailer

The D value is calculated according to the formula:
U
0.6 · T · R
D=g· (kN)
T+R-U

T = Technically permitted gross tractor weight in tons T R

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R = Technically permitted gross semi-trailer weight in tons
U = Vertical load in tons on fifth wheel
g = Gravity (9.81 m/s²)

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Load values for towing units
Load values for truck

Load values for truck

General information
Calculation of the D, Dc, V and S values is made according to EU Directive 94/20/
EC.
The D value and Dc value are both reference values for the horizontal force between
truck and trailer. It is used as basis when testing and to specify the performance of
the coupling equipment.

The Dc value is a reference value for horizontal forces between truck and trailer with
a rigid drawbar.

The S value defines the vertical static support load that the trailer with a rigid drawbar
transfers to the truck. The S value is measured at the connection point.

The V value is a reference value for the vertical force between truck and trailer.

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Load values for towing units
Load values for truck

Dimensioning
When dimensioning, all included coupling equipment must have a higher or the at
least the same D, Dc and V values as the calculated vehicle combination.

Note:
When selecting coupling equipment for different vehicle combinations, both the Dc
and V values must be checked.

Calculation of D value for truck and trailer with a jointed drawbar

30 T 140 T
The D value is calculated according to the formula:

T·R
D=g· (kN) 25 T
T+R
T R

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T = Technically permitted gross truck weight in tons
R = Technically permitted gross trailer weight in tons
g = Gravity (9.81 m/s²)

- weight at incline 15' :

0.25 x 25 T = 6.25 T

- Total D-value cap. :

25 T + 6.25 T = 31.25 T
(312.5 kN)

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Load values for towing units
Load values for truck
Calculation of Dc value for truck and trailer with a rigid drawbar
The Dc value is calculated according to the formula:
- Total Dc-value : S
T·C
Dc= g · (kN) 25 t 25 T + 6.25 T = 31.25 T
T+C
(312.5 kN)
T = Technically permitted gross truck weight in tons, including the support T C

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load S (S value) from the trailer. 30 t
C = Technically permitted axle weight of the trailer in tons. 140 t
- weight at incline 15' :
g = Gravity (9.81 m/s²)
0.25 x 25 T = 6.25 T
Calculation of the S value for truck and trailer with a rigid drawbar
The S value is calculated according to the formula:
m
C·m L
S= (ton)
L

C = Technically permitted axle weight of the trailer in tons 140 t

m = Distance between centre of gravity – centre of axles in metres 0.1 m S
C

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L = Distance between centre of towing eye and centre of axles in metres 14 m

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Load values for towing units
Load values for truck
Calculation of V value for truck and trailer with a rigid drawbar X
The V value of a trailer is calculated according to the formula:

X2 · C L
V=a· (kN)
L2

X = Length of trailer loading area in metres

L = The drawbar’s length in metres, i.e. the distance between the centre of the C

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towing eye and the centre of the axle or axles.
C = Technically permitted axle weight of the trailer in tons.
a = Vertical acceleration in the coupling point depends on the truck’s type of
rear axle suspension and is:

• 1.8 m/s² for trucks with air suspension

• 2.4 m/s² for trucks with leaf spring suspension

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