PLANT CELL

Grade 12- STEM 1

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PARTS FUNCTIONS

This is a protective layer that surrounds

CELL MEMBRANE every cell and separates it from its external
environment. It is found just inside the cell
wall and is made up of
complex lipids (fats) and proteins.

This is a protective layer that surrounds

every cell and separates it from its
external environment. It is found just
CYTOPLASM inside the cell wall and is made up of
complex lipids (fats) and proteins.

The nucleus is the ‘control center’ of

NUCLEUS the cell. It contains Deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA), the genetic material that
directs all the activities of the cell.
Only eukaryotic cells
have nuclei (plural for nucleus),
prokaryotic cells do not. The nucleus is
separated from the cytoplasm by a
specialized membrane called the
Nuclear membrane.

These are little round structures that

RIBOSOMES produce proteins. They are found in the
cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum.
The ER is a membrane system of folded
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) sacs and tunnels. The ER helps move
 proteins within the cell as well as export
them outside of the cell. There are two
types of endoplasmic reticulum.

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC The rough endoplasmic reticulum is

RETICULUM covered with ribosomes.

The Golgi body is a stack of membrane-

GOLGI BODY covered sacs that prepares proteins for
export from the cell.
This is the ‘powerhouse’ of the cell. It
MITOCHONDRION (Plural converts the energy stored in food (sugar
MITOCHONDRIA) and fat) into energy-rich molecules that the
cell can use (Adenosine
triphosphate – ATP for short).
The lysosome is the digestive center of a
LYSOSOME cell that produces many different types of
enzymes which are able to break down
food particles and recycle worn out
components of the cell.
These are large membrane-enclosed
VACOULES compartments that store toxic wastes as
well as useful products such as water.
These are mainly found in plants.
 Chloroplasts contain a green pigment that
CHLOROPLAST traps sunlight and converts it into sugars
by a process called photosynthesis. The
sugars are a source of energy for the plants
and the animals that eat them.

This is the rigid outermost layer of a plant

CELL WALL cell. It makes the cell stiff -providing the
cell with mechanical support - and giving
it protection. Animal cells do not have cell
walls.