Fatigue test

 Student Name: Mazen Omar Khamis

 ID:201520651
 Student Name: Mohanned Wael Alnajjar
 ID: 201620077
 Course: Strength of Materials lab
 Section: 1
 Experiment date: 14/4/2019

Abstract:

In this fatigue test experiment, we calculate and analyzed the number of load
cycles for Steel specimen under different loads.

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Introduction:

Most machinery and many structures do not operate under a constant load
and stress. In fact, these loads and stresses are constantly changing. A
good example of this is a rotating shaft such as the axle on a railroad car.
The bending stresses change from tension to compression as the axle
rotates. This constant change in stress can cause fatigue failure in which
the material suddenly fractures. The process that leads to fatigue failure is
the initiation and growth of cracks in the material. Fracture occurs when
the crack grows so large that the remaining uncracked material can no
longer support the applied loads. Fatigue may be defined as a cyclic (or
stochastic) time-dependent loading or straining of a material. The change
in the loading with respect to time is more common from an engineering
perspective and is generally considered to be mechanically induced. Some
examples of this are: the changing compressive and tensile stresses due to
the rotation of a train or car axle; the forces on an airplane wing; the
forces on structural components of buildings, etc.

Method:

 Fatigue test machine.

 Steel specimen.

Procedure:

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 1. Select an appropriate set of specimens and measure the length and the
diameter of each specimen and record the data in the collected data tables.

2. Connect the a specimen to the machine.

3. Apply a static load using the spring gauge (6).

4. Start the motor .

5. Wait until the fracture occur and record the number of cycles (NRPM) .

6. Repeat steps (2) – (5).

7. Observe the cracks propagation in each sample.

RESULTS:

number of load cycles for Steel specimen under different loads.

L = 114mm and D = 8 mm
Trial N (RPM) Force (N) Stress (Mpa)
1 37000 12550 170
2 100000 10040 148
3 300000 4518 130
4 1000000 3514 114
5 10000000 2610 92
6 100000000 2510 80
7 1000000000 2409 74

σ max σ min σm σr σa R
50 -30 10 20 40 -0.6

σ f =28.46 M Pa

the fatigue life for 120 MPa is (73.75*10^4)RPM

the fatigue stress for 6*10^5 cycles is 123.14MPa
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 N vs stress
180
170
160
140
130
120
114
100

stress
N vs stress 92
74 80 80
60
40
20
0

N RPM

Sample of calculation:-
-Mean stress: 𝜎𝑚 = 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥+𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛/2 = 50-30/2=10
-Stress range: 𝜎𝑟= 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 – 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛=50-30=20
-Stress amplitude: 𝜎𝑎 = 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥−𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛 /2=50-(-30)/2=40
-Stress ratio: 𝑅 = 𝑆𝑚𝑖𝑛/ 𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥=-30/50=-0.6

FL 12550∗0.114
σ f= 3
= = 28.46 MPa
π d /32 π 0.083 /32

Conclusion:

We did experimental to study behaviors the material when subjected to

fatigue loading. the fatigue will depend of the number of cycle and the load,
and if the load is increase that mean the no. of cycle is decrease but in
general, the fatigue is very dangerous for structural parts and component
than astatic force applied once. Usually the fatigue limit finds in the steel, it
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used in the case finding the variable large load the material will different in
fatigue test, for example the steel will spend time more than the brass, and
the brass spends time more than aluminum.