စေနေမာင္ေမာင္ပါ၀င္သည့္မဟူရာ PDF

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Myanmar Cupid Forum

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Myanmar Cupid Form PDF Creator Group

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10
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&onfESifh wpfjydKifwnf; wa,morm;tm; "m;ajr§mifESifh qwfceJ
xdk;vdkufav\/ wa,morm;onf "m;ajr§mifESifhxdk;aomvufudk ajcESifh
vSrf;í uefvdkuf\/ "m;ajr§mifonf avxJwGif ajrmufwufoGm;\/
wa,morm;u zrf;,lvdkufNyD;vQif armif;orm;tm; ...
]xdk;csif&if wjcm;"m;eJYxdk;yg/ udk,fh"m;eJY udk,fhjyefxdk;wmawmh
enf;enf;½dkif;wmaygh/ 'gayrJh 'D"m;uav;awmh jyef,loGm;yg/ ay;NyD;om;
ypönf;jyef,l&if rsufpdpGefwwfw,fAs/ rsufpdpGefrSmpdk;vdkYyg}
[k qdkum armif;orm;tm; "m;ajr§mifudk ypfay;vdkufav\/
armif;orm;vnf; "m;ajr§mifudk zrf;,lNyD;aemuf "m;ajr§mift&ifxnfh\/
NyD;vQif wa,morm;udk ...
]odyfawmfw,f/ rSwfxm;r,f/ wjcm;rSm &efjzpf&if vmac:r,f}
[k ajymum taygifqdkif&Sif w½kwfvl0BuD;xHrS armif;xkc aiG
wpfq,fudk awmif;íxGufoGm;onfudk awGYMuav\/ &efukefNrKdU
rtlukef;xdyf taygifqdkifa&SU&Sd ajruGufvyfwGifjyKvkyfcJhaom taygifqHk;
avvHyGJBuD;rSm þodkYyif NyD;qHk;oGm;avawmhownf;/

11
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (2)
r[l&mausmufwHk;uav;
armifzdk;omonf ¤if;wnf;cdk&m A[ef;buf&Sd bkef;BuD;ausmif;

qDodkY jyefvmcJhav\/ naeydkif;odkYa&mufvQif A[ef;&Sd xrif;qdkifwGif
xrif; 0ifípm;av\/ xdkxrif;qdkif\ trnfrSm ]zuf&SifjrnGefY}
xrif;qdkif[lí jzpf\/ qdkif&Sif rdef;rrSm ukvm;qif rdef;rwpfOD;jzpf\/
xdkukvm;qifudk oabmusaom umvom;wdkYonf zuf&SifjrnGefY xrif;
qdkifü xrif;pm;Muav\/ trsm;qHk; pm;olwdkYrSm jrif;vSnf;orm;rsm;
jzpf\/
armifzdk;omonf xrif;qdkifwGif;odkY 0ifvdkufNyD; pm;yGJwpfvHk;wGif
xdkif\/ NyD;vQif ...

12
rif;odcF r[l&m
]xrif;pm;r,f 0ufom;[if; tqDrsm;rsm;eJY xnfhay;yg}

[k atmfíajymvdkuf&m xrif;qdkif&Sif rjrnGefYu ...
]tr,fav; tr,fav; 'g ukvm;qdkifawmh/ tJ'D tom;
vHk;0ra&mif;bl;}
[k ysmysmovJ uefYuGufvdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]ukvm;qdkifqdkvnf; ukvm;qdkifvdkY pma&;xm;Asm/ xrif;qdkif
qdkawmhvnf; ar;&wmaygh/ uJ.. uJ trJom;eJYpm;r,f}
[k jyefajymvdkuf&m xrif;qdkif&Sif rjrnGefYu ...
]tr,fav; tr,fav; 'DqdkifrSm trJom; ra&mif;bl;
v,fwDq&mawmfbk&m;BuD; EGm;arwåmpm zwfNyD;uwnf;u udk,fvnf;
rpm;bl;/ olrsm;vnf; ra&mif;bl;}
[k ajymvdkufjyef\/
xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]trJom; ra&mif;&ifvnf; ra&mif;bl;vdkY pm a&;xm;ayghAsm/
xrif;qdkifqdkawmhvnf; ar;&wmaygh/ uJygav xm;ygawmh? qdwfom;
[if;eJY xrif;wpfyGJay;yg}
[k ajymvdkuf&m qdkif&Sif rjrnGefYu ...
]aMomf... ajym&rSmvnf; tm;emygw,f igharmif&,f/ ajc
av;acsmif;om; rrnGefYu rpm;bl;/ tJ'gaMumifh ra&mif;ygbl;uG,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;om\ rsufESmonf ½IHUrJhoGm;av\/
]tJ'Dvdkqdk&ifvnf; ajcav;acsmif;om;udk ra&mif;wJhtaMumif; pm
a&;xm;ayghAsm/ cifAsm[mu bmar;ar; ra&mif;bl;qdkawmh usKyfu bmeJY
pm;&rSmwHk;/ uJygav ig;[if;yJ xnfhygawmh}

13
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkuf&m qdkif&Sif rjrnGefYu ...

]tm;awmh emygw,f/ igharmif&,f ig;[if;vnf; jrif;vSnf;
orm;awG pm;vdkYukefaeNyD}
[k ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...
]uJAsm &SdwmeJYyJ ay;ygawmh}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg rjrnGefYu ...
]ajym&rSmawmh tm;emygw,f igharmif&,f? csOfaygifaMumfeJY
iHjym&nfazsmfyJ usefawmhw,f/ tJ'gvnf; wpfyGJpm rusefawmhbl;uG,fh/
NrKdUpm; pm;r,fqdk&ifawmh jzpfEdkifygw,f/ awmpm; pm;r,fqdk&ifawmh
ukefNyDvdkY ajym&awmhrSmyJ}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ armifzdk;omonf xrif;qdkif&Sif rjrnGefY
qdkoltm; rsufvHk;jyL;í MunfhvdkufNyD;vQif ...
]NrKdUpm;awG awmpm;awG r&Sdbl;/ pm;aumif;&if rsm;rsm;pm;r,f/
pm;raumif;&if enf;enf;pm;w,f ... 'gyJ/ tJ'Dawmh xnfhAsm}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkufav\/
ukvm;r rjrnGefYonf csOfaygifaMumf tenf;i,fESifh iHjym&nf
azsmf? wdkYp&m wdkYudk,lum armifzdk;om\ a&SUwGif vmcsay;\/ xdkYaemuf
xrif;ESifh r,fZvDzl;[if;csdKudk vmícsay;\/ armifzdk;omonf xrif;
yef;uefay:odkY csOfaygifaMumftm;vHk;udk oGefcsvdkuf\/ NyD;vQif
iHjym&nfazsmfrsm; qrf;vdkuf\/ NyD;vQif xdkxrif;udk e,fvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf vma&mufcsay;aom wdkYp&mrsm;udk w*Rwf*Rwf w*Rwf*Rwf
jrnfatmif udkuf0g;í xrif;vkwfwdkif;ü jr§Kyfum jr§Kyfum Nrdef&SufpGm
pm;aomufavawmh\/

14
rif;odcF r[l&m
xrif;qdkif&Sif rjrnGefYonf armifzdk;om xrif;pm;onfudk

MunfNh yD; ...
]igharmif xrif;pm;wm odyfNrdefzdkYaumif;wmyJ/ tpfrBuD;a,mufsm;
udkeDuawmh xrif;pm;&if tJ'Dvdk r[kwfbl;/ wdkYueef; qdwfueef;eJY/ ol
xrif;pm;wmudk Munfh&if odyfysif;zdkYaumif;wm}
[k ajymav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]MunfhvdkYaumif;&if xrif;zdk; enf;enf;avQmh,laygh}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg xrif;qdkif&Sif rjrnGefYu ...
]rvkyfygeJY igharmif&,f/ tpfrBuD;a,mufsm;udkeDu acsmfvJvdkY
ajcaxmuft½dk;tufoGm;w,f/ tJ'gaMumifh qdkufum;reif;Edkifwm MumNyD/
tpfrBuD;wpfa,mufwnf; 'Dxrif;qdkifeJY &SmazGae&wm/ tJ'gaMumifh
ravQmhyg&apeJY}
[k jyefíajymav\/
armifzdk;omonf xrif;udk Nrdef&SufpGm pm;NyD;aemuf a&aEG;Murf;udk
qifhí aomufvdkufav\/ NyD;vQif xrif;zdk;&Sif;um ¤if;wnf;cdk&m
bkef;BuD;ausmif;qDodkY oGm;av\/ xdkausmif;rS ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf
onf armifzdk;om\ rdbrsm;ESifh &if;ESD;Muonfjzpf&m armifzdk;omtm;
tpOfoem;onfudktaMumif;jyKí qGrf;pm;ausmif;ü tdyfcGifhay;xm;av\/
armifzdk;omonf qGrf;pm;ausmif;odkY a&mufaomtcgü ¤if;\ tdyf&mvdyf
udk jzefYícif;av\/ NyD;vQif avvHqGJí&vmaom ausmufeufwHk;uav;
udk xm;&eftwGuf vHkjcHKpdwfcs&aomae&mudk &Smav\/ xdkYaemuf
qGrf;pm;ausmif; twuftqif;wGif&Sdaom tkef;qHajcokwfatmufwGif
oGm;a&mufí xm;vdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf pdwfcsvufcs tdyfpufavawmh
\/ tdyfaysmfoGm;aomtcgü qGrf;pm;ausmif;Z&yfay: vlav;a,muf
a&mufvmNyD;vQif armifzdk;omtm; EdI;av\/ armifzdk;om tdyf&mrS vefYEdk;

15
rif;odcF r[l&m
vmaomcgü Munfv h dkuf&m rsufESmwGif t0wfpnf;xm;aom vl

av;a,mufudk awGY&av\/
xdkvlav;a,mufteuf wpfa,mufaomolrSm armifzdk;om\
&if0udk ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfjzifh csdef&G,fxm;NyD;vQif armifzdk;omtm;...
]'DrSm ighnD a[m'g aoewfvdkYac:w,f/ a[m'D aoewfxJu
usnfqefxGufvmNyD; ighnD&JU&if0udk xdrSefw,fqdk&ifawmh y½kwfqD
xnfhvdkY r&bl;/ aoG;wdwfref;eJY ref;vdkYr&bl;/ ief;eDaMumfvnf;
rwwfEdkifbl;/ aorSmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh rao&avatmif avvHyGJuaeNyD;
armif&ifh vufxJudkygvmwJh ausmufeufwHk;av;udk tomwMunf
ay;vdkufyg}
[kajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omonf rJhjyHK;uav;jyHK;vdkufNyD;aemuf..
]usKyf vdkcsifvdkY rwefwqaps;eJYay;NyD; avvHudk tEdkifqGJvmwm/
cifAsm;wdkY rsufESmrSm wpfrl;wef vufudkify0gav;awG pnf;NyD; usKyf
ypönf;udk vmNyD;awmif;Muw,faygh/ ausmufeufwHk;awmh r&bl;/
'gyJ&r,f}
[k qdkum csdefxm;aom aoewfudk vufjzifh ykwfcsvdkuf\/
aoewform;\ rsufESmudk vufjyef½dkufcsvdkuf\/ aoewform;onf
aemufodkYvefoGm;\/ aoewfvnf; Murf;jyifay: usoGm;\/ xdktcgü
aoewform;bufrS usefoHk;OD;onf armifzdk;omtm; 0dkif;0ef; xdk;Budwf
½dkufESufMuavawmh\/
aoewform;onf usoGm;aomaoewfudk aumuf,l&ef BudK;yrf;
\/ odkY&mwGif armifzdk;omu aoewfudk ajcjzifhuefvdkuf&m aoewfonf
avQmíxGufoGm;NyD;vQif qGrf;pm;ausmif; Z&yfaxmifh&Sd trdIufoGefcsaom
taygufrS atmufodkY usoGm;avawmh\/

16
rif;odcF r[l&m
xdktcgü armifzdk;omESifh rsufESmwGif vufudkify0gpnf;xm;aom

vlqdk; av;a,mufwdkYonf tBudwfte,f owfykwfMuavawmh\/
aemufqHk;wGif vlqdk;wpfOD;onf armifzdk;om\acgif;udk qGrf;pm;ausmif;
ay:wGif toifhawGYaom aygufwl;½dk;jzifh aumufí ½dkufvdkuf&m
armifzdk;om\rsufvHk;xJwGif 0if;ceJjzpfoGm;NyD;aemuf owdvpf arhajrm
oGm;avawmh\/
armifzdk;om owd&í Munfhvdkufaomtcgü &efukefaq;½HkBuD;
ay:odkY a&muffaeNyDjzpfaMumif; od&av\/ armifzdk;omonf oHk;&uf
wdkifwdkif owdvpf arhajrmaecJhjcif;jzpf\/ armifzdk;om owd&NyD;
rsm;rMumrDüyif armifzdk;om wnf;cdkaomausmif;rS uydÜ,BuD; a&muf&Sd
vm\/ xdkuydÜBuD;\ trnfrSm OD;uHa0jzpf\/ OD;uHa0udk jrifvQif
armifzdk;omonf 0rf;omoGm;\/ xdkYaMumifh OD;uHa0udk teD;odkYac:NyD;vQif
armifzdk;omu atmufygtwdkif; wdk;wdk;ajymvdkufav\/
]'DrSm OD;uHa0? tckcsufcsif; jyefoGm;NyD; qGrf;pm;ausmif; Z&yf
avSum;rSm&SdwJh tkef;qHajcokwfcHkudk vSefvdkuf/ tJ'DrSm ausmufeufwHk;udk
awGY&vdrfhr,f/ tJ'D ausmufwHk;av;ay:rSm t½kyfawG rsdK;pHkatmif a&;xm;
w,f/ tJ'guav;udk ,lvmcJh}
[k ajymvdkuf&m uydÜ,BuD;OD;uHa0onf rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;
avawmh\/ xdkYaemufrS ...
]tJ'g eifhypönf;vm;}
[k ar;\/
][kwfw,f OD;uHa0/ tJ'g usKyfypönf;yJaygh}
[k armifzdk;omu jyefajym&m uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]wvGJawG jzpfukefNyD}

17
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k qdkavawmh\/
]b,fvdk wvGJawGjzpfukefwmvJ uydÜ,BuD;&J}
[k armifzdk;omu xyfíar;vdkuf&m uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]eifhudk aq;½HkydkYNyD; aemufwpfaeYrSmyJ ig qGrf;pm;Z&yfwpfckvHk;udk
&Sif;vif;w,f/ tJ'DrSm tJ'Dypönf;uav;udk oGm;NyD;awGYw,f/ q&mawmf
BuD;uvnf; cPcP rrmrusef;jzpfaeawmh ig[m tJ'Dypönf;ay:rSm
trsm;BuD; rouFmjzpfrdw,f/ wpfa,mufa,muf[m q&mawmfBuD;udk
atmufvrf;enf;eJY vmNyD;vkyfxm;wmvdkY xifrdw,f/ tJ'Dypönf;av;udk
vnf; atmufvrf;ypönf;atmufarhvdkY ig trdIufyHkrSm ypfvdkufNyD}
[k ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omonf a,mif,rf;í ][dkuf} [k
atmfvdkufavawmh\/
xdkYaemuf armifzdk;omonf aq;½Hkay:rS tjrefqHk;qif;cJhNyD;vQif
rtlukef;trdIufyHkodkY oGm;a&mufum jrLeDpDy,f trdIufusKH;um; apvTwf
aomXmeudk pHkprf;av\/ xdkXmeudkawGYvQif A[ef; qifjzLausmif;wdkuf
teD;odkY rnfonfhtrdIufum; apvTwfoenf;qdkonfudk pHkprf;&m xdktrdIuf
um; apvGwfaomXmerS tm^1948 udk apvTwfaMumif; ajymjyojzifh
xdktrdIufyHk0if;BuD; t0if0&Sd trdIufcsdefaom*dwfwGif xdkarmfawmfum;udk
apmifhcJh&m aeYvnf(12)em&Dü xdktrdIufum; a&muf&SdvmNyD; trdIufudk
csdefwG,fav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu xdktrdIufusKH;orm;rsm;tm;
pHkprf;&mwGif trdIufusKH;orm; ukvm;vlrsdK; av;OD;teuf ref;eD;yk qdkaom
ukvm;u xdkausmufeufwHk;av;udk ¤if;&&SdcJhaMumif;? ¤if;\ uav;
upm;&eftwGuf tdrfodkY,laMumif;? ¤if;\uav;onf xdkausmufeufwHk;
av;jzifh vrf;ay:wGif upm;cJhaMumif;? xdkodkYupm;cJh&mwGif ¤if;wdkYESifh
wpfvrf;wnf;aeaom zJorm;jraomif; qdkolu uav;tm; ykdufqH
wpfrl;ay;í uav;xHrS 0,foGm;aMumif; ajymav\/ xdkaMumifh
armifzdk;omonf ref;eD;yktm; jraomif;vdyfpmudk ar;NyD;vQif jraomif;\

18
rif;odcF r[l&m
aemufodkY vdkufavawmh\/ ¤if; jraomif;onf ouFef;uRef;blwmteD;

,kefwHqdyf bwfpfum;*dwfwGif&Sdonfh vufzuf&nfqdkifBuD; wpfqdkifü
vufzuf&nfazsmfoljzpfaMumif; Mum;od&ojzifh armifzdk;omonf jraomif;
&Sd&m xdkvufzuf&nfqdkifodkY vdkuf&jyefav\/
armifzdk;omonf wdkifpDum;wpfpD;udk iSm;,lí jraomif;&Sd&m
vufzuf&nfqdkifodkY vdkufcJh&m aeYv,f wpfem&Dxdk;cefYwGif xdkqdkifodkY
a&mufvmav\/ xdkqdkifodkY a&mufvQif vufzuf&nfazsmfaeaom
jraomif;udk toifhyifawGY&av\/
armifzdk;omonf jraomif;udkac:í ...
]'DrSm udkjraomif;/ cifAsm;[m jrLeDpDy,frSmvkyfwJh ref;eDykeJY
wpfvrf;wnf; aew,faemf}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ¤if;udkjraomif;u ...
]rSefayoayghAsm/ tJ'g bmjzpfovJ}
[k jyefíar;vdkufav\/
]tJ'Dawmh ref;eD;yk&JU uav;qDu ausmufeufwHk;uav;udk
udkjraomif;u ydkufqHwpfrl;eJY 0,foGm;w,fvdkY od&ygw,f}
[k armifzdk;omu ar;vdkuf&m udkjraomif;u ...
]rSefayoayghAsm/ tJ'g bmjzpfowHk;}
[lí ajymav\/
]bmrS rjzpfygbl;/ tJ'D ausmufeufwHk;uav;udk uRefawmf
vdkcsifw,f/ cifAsm;udk ydkufqH xdkufxdkufwefwefay;r,f/ 'gygyJ}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkuf&m ...
vufzuf&nfazsmform; armifjraomif;u ...

19
rif;odcF r[l&m
]cifAsm;ajymwJh ausmufeufwHk;uav;udk &vmwJhaeYrSmyJ uRef

awmfu tJ'D ausmufeufwHk;av;udk ajr§mufajr§mufaqmhNyD;&if; aqmh&if;
a[m'Dqdkifudk vmcJhwmAsdKU/ qdkifxJvnf;a&mufa&m vlBuD;wpfa,mufu
usKyfudkvufwdkYNyD; qdkifjyifudk ac:oGm;w,f/ qdkiftjyifvnf; a&mufa&m
tJ'D ausmufeufwHk;av;udk a&mif;rvm;vdkY ar;w,f/ usKyfu ra&mif;bl;
vdkY ajymw,f/ qdkiftjyifudk ac:oGm;wm[m wjcm;udk ac:oGm;wmr[kwf
bl;/ olpD;vmwJh atmfpwifum;av;tem;udk ac:oGm;wm? usKyfu
ra&mif;ygbl;vdkY ajymwJhtxJu olvnf; aps;awGwdk;wdk;NyD; ay;vm
vdkufwm aemufqHk;rSm wpfaomif;ajcmufaxmifxd ay;NyD;AsdKU/ tJ'DrSm
usKyfvnf; olYudk aiGwpfaomif;ajcmufaxmifeJY a&mif;vdkufw,f/ wpfrl;eJY
0,fvmwJhypönf; wpfaomif;ajcmufaxmif &w,fqdkawmh awmfawmfhudk
jrwfwmayghAsm/ usKyf udk,fydkifvufzuf&nfqdkif axmifr,fqdkNyD; xGuf
oGm;vdkufwm wmarGav;usawmh t&ufaomufw,f/ usKyfoli,fcsif;
iwl;tdrf a&mufawmh zJupm;w,f/ rdef;rESpfa,mufeJY aysmfw,f/ NyD;awmh
t&ufxyfaomufw,f/ NyD;awmh xyfNyD;zJupm;w,f/ tJ'DrSm usKyfvnf;
wufwufpif ajymifawmhwmyJ/ reufrdk;vif;awmh usKyf tdrfudkjyefvm
w,f/ usKyftdwfxJrSm ydkufqHwpfrl;yJ ygvmw,f/ vrf;xJvnf;0ifa&m
ref;eD;yk&JUom;av;eJYawGYawmh tJ'DydkufqHwpfrl;udk ay;vdkufw,f/ NyD;awmh
'DrSmvmNyD; vufzuf&nfjyefNyD; azsmfae&w,f}
[k jraomif;u ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]udkjraomif;taeeJY tJ'DvlBuD;}
[k pum;pvdkufvQif jraomif;u ...
][dk [dk tJ'DvlBuD;&JU um;eHygwfudk rSwfrdvm;vdkY ar;csifvdkYvm;}
[k jyefíajymav\/
]trSefyJAsm/ um;eHygwfav; bmav;rsm; rrSwfrdbl;vm;}

20
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k armifzdk;om ar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg jraomif;u ...

]'DrSm rdwfaqGav; bk&m;ay;ay; usrf;ay;ay; rrSwfrdygAsm/ uJuJ
usKyf vufzuf&nfazsmf&OD;r,f/ tJ'DtvkyfjyKwfrS usKyf'ku©awGYr,f}
[k aNymqdkum Nraomif;onf vufzuf&nfazsmfaomae&modkY
xGufoGm;avawmY\/
armifzdk;omonf &ifxJwGif [mwmwmBuD;jzpfoGm;\/ xdkYaMumifh
oJvGefp aysmufoGm;NyDjzpfaom r[l&mausmufeufwHk;av; taMumif;udk
pOf;pm;&if; ouFef;uRef;blwmteD; ,kefwHqdyf bwfpfum;*dwf vufzuf
&nfqdkifrS wpfvSrf;csif;vSrf;um jyefcJhavawmh\/ bkef;BuD;ausmif;odkY
jyefa&mufvQif uydÜ,BuD; OD;uHa0u ...
]armifzdk;om&,f acgif;u 'Pf&mudk aysmufatmifrukbJ bm
r[kwf nmr[kwfwJh ausmufwHk;uav;aemuf vdkuf&owJhvm;}
[k ajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omu ...
]OD;uHa0 rodbl;aemf/ tJ'D bmrSef;rodwJh ausmufeufwHk;uav;
[m usKyfudk y,fy,fe,fe,f 'ku©ay;aeNyD}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg uydÜ,BuD; OD;uHa0u ...
]bmjzpfvdkY 'ku©cHvJ armifzdk;om&,f/ rif;udk rif;&JUrdbrsm;u
tvGwfynmoif ausmif;aumif;aumif;&SmNyD; ausmif;wufzdkY vTwfvdkuf
wm r[kwfvm;/ bmjzpfvdkY ausmufwHk; &Sm&rSmvJ}
]'DrSm OD;uHa0/ bmjzpfwmvJvdkY usKyf aoaocsmcsm rajymEdkifbl;/
tJ'DausmufwHk;av;udk jrifvdkufwJhtcgrSm usKyfpdwfxJrSm odyfNyD; vdkcsif
w,f/ tJ'D ausmufwHk;uav;eJY usKyfeJYvnf; wpfpHkwpfck ywfouf
aew,fvdkY xifw,f/ 'DausmufwHk;uav;[m ½dk;½dk;ausmufwHk;uav;

21
rif;odcF r[l&m
r[kwfbl;? usKyfwdkY cifAsm;wdkY rodwJh qGJtm;awG trsm;BuD; tJ'D

ausmufwHk;uav;rSm ygaew,f/ 'DausmufwHk;av;udk taMumif;jyKNyD;
usKyf bmawGjzpfOD;rvJ rqdkEdkifbl;/ bmjzpfjzpf 'Dudpöudk q&mawmfbk&m;
rodygapeJY/ usKyfrdbrsm;vm&ifvnf; rodygapeJY/ usKyfawmh tJ'D
ausmufwHk;uav;udk r& &atmif&Smr,fAsdKU}
[kajymvdkuf&m uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]eifvnf;yJ i&Jyef;udk a&Tyef;xifwJh vlpm;rsdK;yJ/ tJ'D ausmufeuf
wHk;uav;[m rajymaumif; rqdkaumif; eifhaorif;jzpfae&if b,fhES,f
vkyfrwHk;}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]tJ'D ausmufwHk;uav;[m r[l&mwHk;uav;As/ usKyf&JUaorif;
jzpfaecJhvdkY&Sd&ifvnf; taMumif; r[kwfygbl;Asm/ bmyJjzpfjzpf OD;uHa0a&
aorif;udk awGYatmif&Sm&rSmyJ}
[k ajymvdkuf&m uydÜBuD; OD;uHa0onf pdwfqdk;íoGm;av\/
xdkaMumifh ...
]&Sm..&Sm..eifhaorif; eif&Sm/ eifh[meif ao/ eif[meif aMu/ igeJY
rqdkifbl;}
[kqdkum teD;rS xíoGm;avawmhownf;/

22
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (3)
c&D;xGuMf uavNyD
armifzdk;omonf aysmufqHk;oGm;aom r[l&mausmufeufwHk;av;

ESifhywfoufí rnfodkYrnfyHk jyKvkyf&rnfudk pOf;pm;aeav\/ xdkYaemuf
tMuHwpfckay: aygufvm\/ xdktMuHrSm owif;pmü aysmufqHk;oGm;
aMumif; aMumfjimxnfh&ef jzpf\/ armifzdk;omonf ausmufeufwHk;uav;
wpfwHk; aysmufqHk;oGm;aMumif;? xdkausmufeufwHk;av;ay:ü t½kyfpmrsm;
ygaMumif;? xdkausmufeufwHk;av;tm; awGY&Sdolu ¤if;xHvmí ay;ygvQif
xdkufxdkufwefwef aus;Zl;qyfrnfjzpfaMumif; ESifhwuG ¤if;aexdkifaom
bkef;BuD;ausmif;vdyfpmudk azmfjyum owif;pmwdkufodkYoGm;í aMumfjimudk
xnfhcdkif;av\/

23
rif;odcF r[l&m
aemufwpfaeYxkwf owif;pmwGif armifzdk;om\ ausmufeufwHk;

av; aysmufqHk;oGm;aMumif;aMumfjim ygívmav\/ q&mawmf\ 'um
'umrrsm;onf xdkowif;pmudkudkifí q&mawmfxHodkY vma&mufar;jref;
avQmufxm;Muav\/ q&mawmfvnf; xdkaMumfjimESifhywfoufí rdrd
rodaMumif; ajymqdkNyD;vQif armifzdk;omtm;ac:í ar;jref;av\/ armif
zdk;omvJ ausmufeufwHk;uav; aysmufqHk;oGm;aMumif;udk q&mawmftm;
avQmufxm;vdkuf&m q&mawmfu ...
][Jh zdk;om eifhypönf;u bmrSef;vJ rodbl;/ eifrdkY aiGukefaMu;us
cHNyD; avvHqGcJ Jhw,f/ eifhxufrkdufwJh vlqdk;vlrdkufawGu eifhqDvmNyD;
vkw,f/ igjzifh tHhyga&m/ eifrdbawGu eifhudk ausmif;aezdkYvTwfvdkufwm
r[kwfvm;/ ½Iyf½Iyf,Suf,SufawGrvkyfeJY/ Mum;vm;}
[k qHk;rawmfrlav\/ armifzdk;omonf ...
]rSefvSygbk&m;}
[kqdkum ausmif;ay:rS qif;vmcJh\/ ausmif;ay:rS atmufodkY
a&mufvQif vrf;oGm;vrf;vmrsm;udk ai;armMunfh½Iae\/ xdktcgü
um;eufav;wpfpD;onf ausmif;a&SUodkY a&mufvmNyD;vQif &yfvdkufav
\/ xdkYaemuf um;armif;olonf um;ay:rS qif;vmNyD;vQif ...
]'Dausmif;rSm armifzdk;omqdkwm &Sdygovm;}
[k ar;av\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]armifzdk;omqdkwm usKyfyJ}
[kajymvdkuf&m um;'½dkifbmu pmwpfapmifudk xkwfíay;av\/
armifzdk;omonf xdkpmudk uysmu,mzGifhí zwfvdkuf&m atmufygtwdkif;
awGY&av\/

24
rif;odcF r[l&m
armifzdk;om
owif;pmrSm armifzdk;om&JU aMumfjimudk awGY&vdkY taMumif;jyef
vdkufygw,f/ armifzdk;om aysmufoGm;wJh ausmufeufwHk; usKyfqDrSm
&Sdygw,f/ usKyfeJY vmawGYyg/
ausmufeufwHk; jyefay;vdkol
armifzdk;omonf xdkpmudkzwfNyD;aemuf '½dkifbm\ rsufESmudk

Munfhvdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf ...
]b,fudk vdkuf&rSmvJAs}
[k armifzdk;omu ar;vdkufav\/
]tdrfudk vdkuf&r,f/ tdrfu usdKuúqHvrf;rSm &Sdw,f}
[k cyfrmrmyif jyefíajzvdkufav\/
][dka&muf&if usKyf&JU ausmufeufwHk;uav;udk jyefay;rSmvm;}
]'DrSm udk,fhvl usKyfu ausmufeufwHk;vnf; rodbl;/ ausmufjzL
wHk;vnf; rodbl;/ q&mBuD;u pmudk 'Dudk vmNyD; ay;ygqdkvdkY vmNyD;
ay;wm/ vdkufcsif&if wuf/ rvdkufcsif&if aecJh/ 'gyJ}
[kajymum um;pufudk 0l;ceJY EdI;vdkufav\/
]q&mBuD;qdkwm b,folvJ}
]q&mBuD;qdkwm q&mBuD;aygh ighvl&m b,folrwHk;}
[k jyefí ajymav\/

25
rif;odcF r[l&m
]ausmif;q&mBuD;vm;? aq;q&mBuD;vm;? bmq&mBuD;vJ vdkY

ar;wm}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkuf&m '½dkifbmu ...
]pum;&SnfvdkufwmuGm/ vdkufcsif&if vdkuf rvdkufcsif&if oGm;NyD/}
[kqdkum um;udk 0l;ceJY pwif armif;avawmh\/ xdktcg
armifzdk;omu ...
]aeygOD; ... aeygOD; ... vdkufyghr,f vdkufyghr,f}
[kqdkum um;\ aemufwHcg;udkzGifhNyD; 0ifíxdkifvdkufav\/
'½dkifbmvnf; 0l;ceJY armif;xGufoGm;avawmhonf/ armfawmfum;onf
uefawmfBuD;rS ywfíarmif;vmNyD;vQif usdKuúqHvrf;odkY a&mufonfü
csdK;0ifav\/ xdkYaemuf usdKuúqHvrf;ESifh bdk;vdrf;vrf; (,ck Anm;
'vvrf;) odkY rqkHrDae&modkY ta&mufü jcH0if;us,fBuD;wpfck twGif;odkY
armif;í0ifoGm;av\/ jcH0if;wHcg;rSm ydwfxm;aomfvnf; um;0ifrnf
jyKaomtcgü a*:&cg;vlrsdK; '&0rfwpfOD;u zGifhay;av\/ xdkYaemuf
armfawmfum;onf jcH0if;us,fBuD;tv,f&Sd vGefpGm BuD;rm;aomtdrfBuD;\
qif0ifatmufwGif oGm;í&yfav\/ '½dkifbmonf um;ay:rSqif;NyD;
aemuf armifzdk;omtm; ...
]uJ ... bkef;BuD;ausmif;om;av;? qif;ayawmh/ q&mBuD;eJY
awGY&atmif}
[k ajymav\/ xdktcgü armifzdk;om um;ay:rS qif;cJah v\/
'½dkifbmonf a&SUrSoGm;\/ armifzdk;omonf aemufrSvdkuf&av\/
'½dkifbmonf tcef;us,fBuD;wpfckudk jzwfoef;í armifzdk;omudk ac:
aqmifoGm;\/ xdkaemuf tcef;wpfckodkY a&mufaomtcgü wHcg;udk
acgufvdkufaomtcg twGif;rS wpfpHkwpfa,mufonf wHcg;udk vmí
zGifhay;av\/ armifzdk;omonf xdk wHcg;zGifhay;oludk Munfhvdkuf&m

26
rif;odcF r[l&m
¤if;ESifh oufwl&G,folrQ&Sdaom ukvm;vlrsdK;wpfa,muf jzpfaMumif;

awGY&\/ xdk ukvm;vlrsdK;onf '½dkifbmtm; ...
]olYudk 'Dtcef;xJrSm apmifhcdkif;yg/ q&mBuD; vmvdrfhr,f}
[k ajymav\/ xdkYaMumifh '½dkifbmonf armifzdk;omtm;
tcef;wGif; ac:oGm;NyD; ukvm;xdkifwpfvHk;ay:ü xdkifcdkif;av\/ NyD;vQif
¤if;a&m ukvm;vlrsdK;yg xGufoGm;avawmh\/
armifzdk;omonf wpfudk,fwnf; tcef;xJü usef&pfcJh\/
xdkYaMumifh tcef;wpfckvHk;udk rsufpdupm;Munfhvdkufav\/ a&S;a[mif;
wdkifuyfem&D wpfvHk;udk awGY&av\/ a&S;a[mif;AD½dkBuD; wpfvHk;udk
awGY&av\/ AD½dkay:rS aMumifeufwpfaumifonf armifzdk;omudk vSrf;í
MunfhaeaomaMumifh armifzdk;omESifh tMunfhcsif; qHkoGm;\/ armifzdk;om
onf ausmxJwGif pdrfhoGm;\/ xdkYaemuf armifzdk;omonf vSnfhí vSnfhí
Munfh½Iav&m csdwfqGJxm;aom vlt½dk;wpfpkudk awGY&av\/ NyD;vQif
armifzdk;omonf qufvufí Munfh½I&m eu©wfpuf0dkif;[k xif&aom
puf0dkif;BuD;wpfckudk awGY&av\/ xkdYjyif eH&Hudkcsdwfxm;aom 'l;av;
wpfvufudk awGY&av\/ xdkodkY MunfhaepOfüyif toHwpfoHudk
Mum;vdkuf&\/ xdktoHrSm ...
]armifzdk;omqdkwm rif;vm;}
armifzdk;om vefYíoGm;\/ xdkYaMumifh aemufodkY qwfceJ
vSnfhMunfhvdkuf\/ toufav;q,fausmf t&G,fcefY&Sd oG,foG,fvsvs
t&yftarmif;aumif;aumif; vlwpfa,mufudk awGY&av\/ ol\
rsufESmrSm pl;&Sxufjrufaomol wpfOD;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyae\/ ol\
rsufvHk;rsm;onf ta&mifwzsyfzsyf vufaeonf[k xifrSwf&\/ olYwGif
EIwfcrf;arG; &Sd\/ ol\EIwfcrf;arG;ESifh olYrsufESmonf vGefpGm Munfhí
yeH&vS\/ olonf taumif;pm;&SyftuFsDudk 0wfxm;\/ xdkYtwl
taumif;pm;ydk;jzifh csKyfxm;aom eufjyma&mif &Srf;abmif;bDudkvnf;

27
rif;odcF r[l&m
0wfxm;\/ cg;ywfwGif ajcmufvHk;jyL;wpfvuf csdwfxm;\/ olonf

armifzdk;om\rsufESmudk wpfcsufvSrf;Munfhvdkuf\/ armifzdk;omonf
ausmxJwGif pdrfhceJjzpfoGm;\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf olYtMunfhonf
armifzdk;om\ ezl;rS0ifí aemufaphrS azmufxGufoGm;onf[k armifzdk;om
taeESifh cHpm;vdkuf&aomaMumifh jzpf\/
]t½kyfpmygwJh r[l&mausmufeufwHk;uav;eJY armifzdk;om[m
b,fvdk ywfoufvdkYwHk;}
[k xdkvlBuD;u ar;vdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...
]ywfoufNyDvm;Asm}
[k tpcsDum ausmufeufwHk;uav;tm; avvHqGJcJhyHkrStp
aysmufqHk;oGm;onftxd tao;pdwf ajymjyav\/ xdkvlBuD;onf
armifzdk;om ajymjyonfudk aocsmpGm em;axmifNyD;aemuf ...
]'Dvdk&Sdw,f armifzdk;om/ tJ'D ausmufeufwHk;uav;awG[m
pkpkaygif; av;wHk;&Sdw,fuG,fh/ av;wHk;rS wpfpHk qdkygawmhuG,f/ tJ'D
av;wHk;wpfpHkudk ]bvufpwHk;uD;} vdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'D bvufpwHk;[m
tppfwpfpHk? twkwpfpHk jzpfaew,fuG,fh/ armif&if &cJhw,fqdkwJh
ausmufeufwHk;av;[m twkwpfpHkxJu wpfckyguG,f/ ausmufom;csif;
vnf; bmrSrqdkifygbl;/ usKyfqDrSm tppfwpfpHk&Sdw,f/ tJ'gudk usKyf
jycsifvdkYac: vdkufwmyJ/ twkudktppfxifNyD; aiGukefvlyef; jzpfrSmpdk;vdkY
ac:jywJh oabmygyJ}
[kqdkum xdkvlBuD;onf uwDåygteD tkyfxm;aom opfom;
bl;uav;udk ,lí armifzdk;om a&SUwGif zGifhjyvdkufav\/ armifzdk;om
onf uwDåygteDtkyfxm;aom opfom;bl;twGif;&Sd ausmufeufwHk;av;
teufrS wpfwHk;udk aumuf,lNyD;vQif aocsmpGmMunfh½Iav\/

28
rif;odcF r[l&m
][kwfygw,fcifAs/ ausmufom;csif;vnf; rwlygbl;/ 'D[mu

r[l&mausmuftppfyJ/ uRefawmf &xm;wmu r[l&mausmufom;rsdK;
r[kwfbl;/ ½dk;½dk; ausmufom;eufyJ/ NyD;awmh ausmufwHk;ay:rSm xGif;xm;
wJh t½kyfcsif;vnf; rwlbl;}
[kqdkum armifzdk;omonf ausmufeufwHk;uav;tm; ae&mwus
xnfhxm;vdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf armifzdk;omu ...
]'DausmufwHk;uav;awGeJY q&mBuD;u b,fvdk ywfoufwmwHk;}
[k ar;vdkuf&m xdkvlBuD;u ...
]tJ'Dar;cGef;udk usKyfu armifzdk;omudk ar;&rSm}
[k jyefíajymvdkufav\/
]uRefawmfu bm&,fr[kwfygbl;/ taygifqdkifrSm avvHypfwm
awGYvdkY avvH0ifqGJrdwmyg/ 'Dypönf;av;[m b,fae&mrSm oHk;w,f/
b,favmuf tzdk;wefw,fqdkwm uRefawmf rodbl;/ avvHqGJwkef;u
uRefawmfhudk aps;jydKifvdkufNyD;ay;wJh vlBuD;wpfa,muf &Sdao;w,f/ uRef
awmfvnf; rcHcsifwmeJY oleJY twljydKifvdkufNyD; aps;jydKifay;cJhwm
aiGawmfawmfav; 0ifoGm;w,f q&mBuD;&JU/ tJ'gav; &jyefawmhvnf;
vmNyD; "m;jywdkuf,lMuao;w,f/ 'gayrJh "m;jyawGvufxJawmh ryg
ygbl;/ bmyJjzpfjzpfav aemufqHk;rSm aysmufoGm;awmhvnf; bmrSef;
rodwJh tJ'Dypönf;av;ay:rSm wG,fwmNyD; owif;pmxJrSm aMumfjim
xnfh&wmyg}
[k ajymvdkuf&m xdkvlBuD;u jyHK;vdkufav\/
xdkvlBuD;\tjyHK;onf armifzdk;omtay:ü avSmifajymifaejcif;
avm qkdonfudkrl armifzdk;omtaeESifh cGJjcm;Edkifjcif; r&Sdyg/ xdkYaemuf
xdkvlBuD;onf vGefpGmvSyaom pD;u&ufbl;twGif;rS pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk

29
rif;odcF r[l&m
,lum pGyfwHüpGyfí rD;n§d½dIufzGmNyD;vQif armifzdk;om\ rsufESmudk

wpdrfhpdrfh Munfhaeavawmh\/ xdkodkYMunfNh yD;aemuf ...
]'Dr[l&mwHk;av; av;wHk;&zdkY q,fhwpfESpfavmuf tcsdef,lNyD;
tawmfhudk BudK;pm;yrf;pm; &SmcJh&w,f armifzdk;oma&/ tJ'DtwGuf
ukefuswJh aiGawGudk rar;eJYawmh/ aemufqHk;twHk;uav; twGufqdk&if
usKyf&JUtouf[m qHyifzsm;xd a&mufoGm;w,f/ xGufzdkY wJwJuav;yJ
vdkawmhw,f armifzdk;oma&}
[k xdkvlBuD;u ajymvdkufav\/
]aeprf;ygOD; q&mBuD;&,f/ 'DausmufeufwHk;av; av;wHk;[m
bmrsm; wefzdk;&SdvdkYwHk;/ b,fae&mrSmrsm; toHk;0ifvdkY 'Davmufawmif
pGefYpm;&wmwHk;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg xdkvlBuD;u ...
]vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; wpfaxmifavmufwkef;u jrefrmjynf
ajrmufydkif; wdAufe,fpyfrSm vdkPf*lBuD;wpfck&Sdw,f/ tJ'D vdkPf*lBuD;udk
r&PvdkPf*lvdkY ac:w,f/ tJ'D vdkPf*lxJrSm eDaygtrwfBuD;wpfOD;
odk0Sufxm;cJhwJh &wemawG&Sdw,f/ tJ'D &wemodkuftjyif tzdk;wefwJh
ynm&yfqdkif&m vQdKU0SufcsufawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ tJ'D *laygufxJ 0ifzdkYu
rvG,fbl;/ armif;cvkwfawG qifxm;wm ae&mtESHtjym;yJ/ tJ'D
armif;cvkwfawGudk vGwfatmifoGm;EdkifrS &wemawG&SdwJh ae&mudk
a&mufrSm/ wpfcsufuav; jidoGm;wmeJY ZD0defjyKwfoGm;rSm/ NyD;awmh
&wemawGqDudk roGm;EdkifbJeJY tjyifuae 'D&wemawGudk apmifhaewJh
tzGJYwpfzGJYuvnf; tck apmifhaewm r[kwfbl;/ vGefcJhwJh ESpfwpfaxmif
ausmf uwnf;u apmifhcJhMuwm}
[k xdkvlBuD;u ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...

30
rif;odcF r[l&m
]vGefcJhwJh ESpfwpfaxmifausmfuwnf;u apmifhaew,fqdkawmh

apmifhwJhvl&JU touf[m ESpfwpfaxmif&SdNyDaygh}
[kajymvdkufav\/
]'Dvdk b,f[kwfyghrvJ armifzdk;om&,f/ tpOftquf apmifhvm
Muwmaygh/ tJ'D tzGJYBuD; wnfaxmifwm tESpfwpfaxmif &SdaeNyDyJ/
'gaMumifh tzGJYBuD;&JU emrnf[mvnf; trsdK;rsdK; ajymif;vJvmcJhw,f/
tckqdk&if tJ'DtzGJYBuD;udk ]bvufb&m;om;} vdkY ac:Muw,fuG,fh/
a&S;wkef;uvnf; emrnftrsdK;rsdK; wGifcJhwJh tzGJYBuD;ayghuG,f/ tzGJYBuD;
qdkayr,fh *dkPf;BuD;uG/ avmuDynm *dkPfBuD;aygh/ *dkPf;yHkpHeJY zGJYpnf;
xm;wmqdkawmh om;pOfajr;quf wnfwHhaewmaygh/ ESpfwdkif; *l0rSm
ylaZmfyGJawG vkyfw,f/ tJ'D *lxJudk0ifzdkY olwdkYeJY tqifajyzdkYvnf; vdkao;
w,f/ tqifajyzdkYqdkwmu olwkdYtzGJYxJ 0ifzdkYayghav/ tJ'D tzGJY0ifjzpfwJh
taxmuftxm;twGufa&m vGefcJhwJh ESpfwpfaxmifu qifcJhwJh cvkwfawG
udk a&SmifzdkYtwGufa&m 'DausmufwHk;av; av;wHk;udk usKyfwdkY odkufq&m
avmurSm bvufpwHk;uD;vdkY ac:w,f/ rlvupNyD; pDrcH JhwJh vlawG[m
tawmfhudk ÓPfoGm;wJhvlawG armifzdk;om&JU/ 'gaMumifh tppf
av;ckwpfpHktjyif twk av;ckwpfpHkyg xkwfvkyfcJhwmaygh/ 'gaMumifh
twkudk &wJhvlawGu t[kwfatmufarhNyD; *lxJvnf;0ifa&m aoukefMu
wmaygh/ tJ'D twHk;av;wHk;udkyJ &zdkYu rvG,fjyefbl;/ &vdkYoGm;&ifvnf;
aorSmyJ/ a[m'D urÇmBuD;rSm bvufpwHk;uD; tppf&xm;wJh vlqkdvdkY
usKyfwpfa,mufwnf;yJ &Sdw,f}
[k xdkvlBuD;u ajymvdkufav\/
]uRefawmfu tJ'gawG rodygbl;/ ypönf;av; qef;vdkY avvHqGJ
rdwmyg}

31
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdktcg xdkvlBuD;u ...
]tckawmhvnf; usKyfajymjyvdkY tJ'D ypönf;av;taMumif; odoGm;
NyDqdkygawmh/ tJ'Dawmh armifzdk;omudk ar;r,f/ tJ'D *lBuD;qDudkoGm;&if
rvdkufcsifbl;vm;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]uRefawmf vdkufcsifwm rvdkufcsifwm xm;ygOD;/ q&mBuD;&JU
emrnfudk odcsifygw,f/ ajymjyEdkif&if ajymjyprf;yg}
xdktcgü xdkvlBuD;u ...
]odcsifawmhvnf; ajymjy&wmayghav/ usKyfemrnfu armifarmif
vdkY ac:w,f/ 'gayrJh olvdkigvdk armifarmifawmh [kwf½dk;vm;
armifzdk;om&,f/ vlomrefwdkY roGm;0hH rMuHpnf0hHwmudk oGm;csifwJh
MuHpnfcsifwJh paearmifarmif armifzdk;om&JU}
[kajymvdkufav&m armifzdk;omonf paearmifarmif qdkol\
rsufESmudk yg;pyfta[mif;om;yGifhvsuf ai;armMunfh½I aeavawmhonf/
armifzdk;omonf paearmifarmifESifhtwl &wemodkuf&SmazG&ef
vdkufygvdkpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:ae\/ xdkYaMumifh ausmif; qufrwuf
EdkifawmhbJ paearmifarmifaemufodkY vdkufygrnf[k qHk;jzwfvdkufav
awmh\/ þodkY qHk;jzwfNyD;onfESifh wpfjydKifeuf bkef;BuD;ausmif;wGif
xm;cJhaom t0wftpm;aowåmESifh tdyf&mvdyfudk o,f,lum pae
armifarmif aexdkif&m tdrfBuD;qDodkY a&mufvmaomtcg t0ifwHcg;wGif
a*:&cg;'&0rfu awmfawmfESifh 0ifcGifrh ay;ao;bJ [dkar; onfar;

32
rif;odcF r[l&m
vkyfaeav\/ xdkaMumifh armifzdk;omESifh xdk'&0rfonf tcsDtcs pum;

rsm;Mu&avawmh\/
xdktcg '&0rfu armifzdk;omtm; ...
]usKyf'DrSm '&0rfvkyfwm wpfESpf&SdNyD/ ar;wm aumif;aumif;
rajzvdkY ukyfu qGJxkwf&wm oHk;&majcmufq,fhig;a,muf &SdNyD/ cifAsm;
udkyg qGJxkwf&r,fqdkvdkY&Sd&if oHk;&majcmufq,fhajcmufa,muf &SdoGm;r,f}
]rvdktyfbJ ighudk ar;vm;jrefvm;vkyfwJh '&0rfawGudk vufoD;eJY
xdk;wm pufwifbm wpfvwnf;rSmwif ta,mufoHk;q,f&SdNyD/ tckwpfcg
rif;udkyg xdk;&r,fqdk&if &ufoHk;q,frSm pufwifbm? {NyD? ZGefeJY Edk0ifbm
qdkwJh vuFmav; vGJoGm;OD;r,f}
[kjyefíajymvdkuf&m '&0rfu ...
]uJyg uJyg 'DtdrfrSm aewJhvla&m 'DtdrfudkvmwJh {nfhonfa&m
wpfa,mufrS ajcajciHiH pum;rajymwwfbl;/ oGm;ygawmh/ oGm;ygawmh}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkaMumifh armifzdk;omvnf; jcHwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;av\/ jcHtwGif;
odkY a&mufaomtcgü tdrfrBuD;qDodkY a&SU½Ií avQmufoGm;av\/
tdrfrBuD;\ qif0ifatmufodkY a&mufaomtcgü vGefpGm oGm;acgí vGefpGm
rsufaygufusOf;aom w½kwfvlrsdK; wpfOD;udk awGY&av\/ xdk w½kwfvlrsdK;
onf acgí yg;pyftjyifbufodkY xGufaeaom ol\oGm;rsm;udk a&T tjynfh
csxm;aMumif; armifzdk;om owdjyKrdav\/ xdkw½kwfonf armifzdk;omudk
jrifvQif ...
]'DrSm udk,fhvl .../ tdyf&mvdyfawG aowåmawGeJYqdkawmh blwm½kHeJY
rSm;NyD; 'DjcHxJudk 0ifvmwmeJYwlw,f}

33
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufaomcg armifzdk;omu xdk a&ToGm;w½kwftm; ...

]jrefrmjynfrSm a&Taygw,fqdkNyD; rvSwJhoGm;awGudk a&Ttjynfh
csxm;yHk axmufawmh udk,fhvlu cyfwHk;wHk; cyfaMumifaMumif vlpm;rsdK;yJ
jzpf&r,f/ tJ'Dawmh usKyf 'Dudkvmwm 'DtdrfrSmaewJh q&mBuD; pae
armifarmifeJY ta&;BuD;wJhudpö tvkyf vkyfzdkYvmwm/ usefwJh ygcsDygcsJU
vlawGeJY pum;rajymEdkifbl;}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkufvQif xdk a&ToGm;w½kwfu ...
]cufw,f.. cufw,f/ tcsufrodawmh orufolcdk;xif qdkwm
udk,fhvlwdkY vlpm;rsdK;udk ajymwm/ raorjcif; rSwfxm;/ paearmifarmif&JU
nmvuf½Hk; bdef;pm;bGef;a[mif;qdkwm usKyfyJ/ uJ..uJ...q&mBuD; pae
armifarmifeJY awGYcsif&if txJudk <uayawmh/ aowåmawG? tdyf&mvdyfawG
'DrSm xm;cJhayawmh}
[k ajymvdkufojzifh armifzdk;omvnf; ol\txkyftydk;rsm;udk xdk
a&ToGm;w½kwf\ ab;em;wGif csxm;cJhNyD;aemuf tdrfwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;
av\/
cef;rBuD;wpfckudk jzwfausmfNyD;aemuf {nfhcef;wGif; a&mufoGm;
av\/ {nfhcef;twGif;&Sd vGefpGmcrf;em;aom ukvm;xdkifBuD;ay:wGif
paearmifarmifqdkolonf pdwfat;vufat; xdkifíaeNyD;vQif taumif;
pm;pD;u&ufudk tzdk;wefaom yvufwDeHpGyfwHjzifh pGyfum ½dIufzGmaeav
\/ armifzdk;om 0ifvmonfudk jrifvQif ...
]tnmom; armifzdk;om .../ rif; tazu qDa&mif;w,f/ rif;
taru ykvdyfvkyfw,f/ rif; BuD;a':u aZ,smbHkvdkYac:wJh ESrf;zwfcsOf
a&mif;w,f/ rif;uawmh igeJYaygif;NyD; a&S;a[mif;&wemodkufawG vdkufNyD;
&Smawmhr,faygh}

34
rif;odcF r[l&m
[kajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omonf ol\ rsdK;½dk;Zpfjrpfudk EdIufEdIuf

cRwfcRwfodaeaom paearmifarmiftm; thHMoaomrsufESmjzifh Munfh½I
av\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifuyif ...
]uJ..uJ..armifzdk;om [dkrSmxdkif}
[kqdkum xdkif&efae&mudk nTefjyvdkufav\/
armifzdk;omvnf; paearmifarmif nTefjyaom ukvm;xdkifwGif
0ifíxdkifNyD; aemufxyfajymrnfhpum;udk em;pdkufaeavawmh\/
]'Dvdk&Sdw,f armifzdk;oma&/ oefbufcgudk c&D;xGuf&r,f/
usKyf&,f? armifzdk;om&,f? bGef;a[mif;&,f oHk;a,mufxGufMur,f/
rEÅav;uaeNyD; vlwpfa,mufudk apmifh&r,f/ tJ'Dvl ,lvmwJh
owif;ay:rSm rlwnfNyD; usKyfwdkY armifzdk;omwdkY b,fvdk c&D;oGm;&r,f
qdkwm qHk;jzwf&rSm/ 'Duae rEÅav;a&mufwJh c&D;pOfudk bGef;a[mif;
pDpOfvdrfhr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh ol cdkif;wJhtwdkif; vdkufNyD;vkyfyg}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemufwGifum; w½kwfbGef;a[mif;onf &xm;vufrSwf 0,f
jcif;rStp vrf;wGif pm;aomufoGm;rnfh &du©mypönf;wdkYygrusef tao;
pdwf pDpOfav\/ xdkodkYpDpOf&mwGif bGef;a[mif;onf armifzdk;omtm;
vdktyfaom ae&mrsm;ü cdkif;apav\/ armifzdk;omu bGefa[mif;tm; ...
]'DrSm... udkbGefa[mif;&,f/ &efukef-rEÅav;c&D;oGm;wm bmrsm;
cufvdkYvJAsm/ ckawmh cifAsm;pDpOfaeyHku wpf&ufc&D;uav;udk wpfouf
vHk;aerSm usaewmyJ}
[k ajymav\/
]'DrSm armifzdk;om.../ rif; 'Dpum;ajymwm q&mBuD; pae
armifarmifeJY c&D;roGm;zl;vdkY ajymwm/ q&mBuD; paearmifarmif[m

35
rif;odcF r[l&m
c&D;oGm;r,f qdk&if vdktyfwJhaiG ESpfqydkNyD; xkwfay;w,fuG/ tJ'g igwdkY

oufaomifhoufom oGm;vmEdkifa&;twGuf pDpOfay;w,f/ vrf;rSm
vdktyforQ tqifoifjh zpfatmif vkyfay;w,f/ 'gayrJh wdkYq&mBuD;udk
ZdrfcHwJhvlBuD;vdkY rxifeJYaemf/ wu,fh ta&;taMumif;rSm 'ku©cHp&m&Sd&if
usKyfwdkYxufydkNyD; 'ku© cHEdkifw,f/ qif;&J'ku©udkaMumufwJh vlpm;rsdK;awmh
r[kwfbl;/ ½dk;½dk;aewJh tcsdefrSmawmh bmrqdk taumif;qHk;eJY tjynfhpHkqHk;
oHk;pGJaexdkifavh&Sdw,f/ wdkYudkvnf; tJ'DvdkyJ aecdkif;w,f/ aeEdkifatmif
vnf; aiGawG xkwfay;xm;w,f} [k ajymav\/
xdkYaemufwGifum; armifzdk;om? bGefa[mif;ESifh paearmifarmif
wdkYonf rEÅav;odkY rD;&xm;jzifh c&D;xGufMuavawmh\/

36
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (4)
tdrfwpfvHk;iSm;&rf;aexdkifjcif;
wpfaeYoü rEÅav;NrKdU? pDADvdkif;&Sd ESpfxyftdrfrnf;BuD;wpfvHk;\

a&SUü armfawmfum;wpfpD;onf vma&mufí &yfav\/ xdkarmfawmfum;
ay:rS tom;rjzLrndK&Sdí t&yftarmif;aumif;vSaom vlwpfa,mufonf
rdk;jyma&mif ouúvwfpjzifhcsKyfxm;aom Oa&my0wfpHk 0wfxm;\/ xdk
olonf tdrfrnf;BuD;qDodkY avQmufvm\/ xdkYaemuf jcHwHcg;&Sd vlac:
acgif;avmif;udk vIyfvdkuf\/ xdkYaMumifh jcHapmifhonf wHcg;udk vma&muf
zGifhay;av\/ xdk rdk;jyma&mifouúvwf0wfpHkudk 0wfxm;aomolonf
tdrf&SifESifh awGYvdkaMumif; ajymav\/ tdrf&SifBuD;wpfOD; xGufvmNyD;vQif
xdk rdk;jyma&mif0wfpHkESifhvltm; ...
]bmudpövJ}
[k ar;av\/ xdktcg rdk;jyma&mif0wfpHkESifhvlu ...

37
rif;odcF r[l&m
]tdrfudk ESpfvavmuf iSm;csifvdkYyg/ 'Dtdrf iSm;r,fqdkwJhtaMumif;

aps;csdKxJu roef; qdkwJhrdef;ru nTefjyvdkufvdkYyg}
[k jyefíajymvdkuf&m tdrf&Sif vlBuD;u ...
]ukvm;r,m; roef;yg/ olYudk usKyfu tdrfiSm;r,fvdkY rajymvdkuf
ygbl;/ oufoufacsmufwGef; vdkufwmyg/ ajym&rSmawmh tm;emygw,f/
'Dtdrf[m iSm;wJhtdrfygyJ/ usKyfu pdefyef;xJrSm aeygw,f/ 'Dtdrf[m
iSm;w,fqdkayr,fh ArmvlrsdK; riSm;ygbl;/ bdkawGudkyJ iSm;ygw,f/ tJ'Dvdk
ajymvdkY usKyfudkawmh 0HomEkpdwf"mwfr&Sdbl;vdkY rxifeJYaemf/ usKyfwdkY
ArmvlrsdK;[m tdrfaumif;aqmufNyD; aecsifaer,f/ cPwpfjzKwf
iSm;NyD;aewJhtdrfudkawmh wefzdk;BuD;BuD;ay;NyD; aeavhr&Sdbl;/ awmfpGavsmfpG
yJ aewwfwJhvlrsdK;As/ rsufESmjzLawGusawmh 'Dvdkr[kwfbl;/ iSm;NyD;aewm
udkyJ aiGukefaMu;uscHNyD; crf;crf;em;em; aewwfMuw,f/ 'Dtdrfqdk&if
rsufESmjzLudkiSm;&if wpfvudk wpf&meJY wpfESpftwGif; wpfaxmifhESpf&m
&w,f/ ArmvlrsdK;qdk&if wpfvudk wpf&may;&r,f ajymvdkufwmeJY vefYNyD;
ajy;awmhwmyJ/ tckvnf; 'Dtdrfudk rpöwmprkdufqdkwJh rsufESmjzL
wpfa,mufu vmNyD;iSm;r,fvdkY owif;uav; oJhoJh&xm;w,f}
[k &Snfvsm;pGm ajymvdkufav\/
]rsufESmjzLu wpfv wpf&may;NyD; iSm;wJhtdrfudk ArmvlrsdK;u
wpfv ESpf&may;NyD; iSm;w,fqdk&if cifAsm;u iSm;rSmvm;}
[k rdk;jyma&mif0wfpHk 0wfxm;aomvlu ar;vdkuf\/ xdktcg
tdrf&SifvlBuD;u ...
]usm;om;rdk;BudK;../ aEGacgifacgifBuD; rdk;BudK;ypfaeygOD;r,f/
jrefrmxJu wpfv ESpf&may;NyD; 'Dtdrfudk iSm;aer,fqkd&ifawmh tJ'D
armifrif;BuD;om;udk usKyfu xdkiNf yD;awmif OD;csvdkufcsifyg&JU}
[k ajymvdkuf&m rdk;jyma&mif0wfpHk0wfxm;aom vlu ...

38
rif;odcF r[l&m
]'Dvdkqdk&if OD;csayawmh/ wpfv ESpf&meJY wpfESpftwGuf ESpfaxmifh

av;&m wpfcgwnf; ay;vdkufr,f/ tJ'Dawmh cifAsm;&JU wm0efu
'DtdrfBuD;udk tjrefqHk; oefY&Sif;a&; vkyfay;yg/ wpfem&DtwGif; usKyfwdkY
vmaer,f}
[k ajymqdkum aiGESpfaxmifhav;&mudk wpfcgwnf; ay;cJhav\/
xdkYjyif oefY&Sif;a&;vkyfcqdkum aiGwpf&m xyfíay;jyef\/ tdrf&SifvlBuD;
onf vGefpGmauseyfí aeav\/ tdrfrSmvnf; aeYpOf oefY&Sif;a&;
vkyfvkyfxm;aMumif;? ,ckvnf; xyfrHí vkyfay;OD;rnfjzpfaMumif; ajymqdk
jyD;aemuf rdk;jyma&mif0wfpHkESifhvltm; aocsmpGmMunfhNyD;vQif ...
]b,fvdk tvkyftudkifrsdK;rsm; vkyfygovJ}
[k r0HYr&JavoHjzifh ar;av\/ xdktcg rdk;jyma&mif0wfpHkESifh
vlu ...
]odkufq&m}
[k cyfjywfjywf jyefíajzav\/
tdrf&SifvlBuD;onf odkufq&mqdkolrsm;udk jrifzl; awGYzl;aygif;
rsm;vSNyD jzpf\/ xdk odkufq&mqdkolrsm;onf acgif;aygif;ajymufudk aygif;
vsuf a,mvHkcsnfteuf? tay:tuFsDteufudk 0wfqifum uGrf;
wzGwfzGwfpm;vsuf awmifa0S;udkifum n§if;odk;odk;rsufESmxm;ESifh oGm;vm
aeolrsm; jzpf\/ ,ck odkufq&mqdkolrSmrl vGefpGm Munfhíaumif;aom
Oy"d½kyf&SdNyD; Oa&my0wfpHkudk tcsdK;csdK;usus0wfqifum txufwef;usus
aexdkifonfh vlpm;rsdK;jzpfaMumif;udk awGY&vQif vGefpGm tHYMoí aeav\/
tdrf&SifvlBuD;onf xdkvlBuD;tm;Munfhí tHhMoaeNyD;aemuf ...
]emrnf b,fvdk ac:ygovJ}
[k ar;jyef&m xdkolu ...

39
rif;odcF r[l&m
]emrnf&if;uawmh armifarmifygyJ/ 'gayrJh trsm;u pae

armifarmifvdkY ac:Muw,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m tdrf&SifvlBuD;onf ...
]aMomf.. [kwfuJh [kwfuJh? Mum;zl;yg&JU Mum;zl;yg&JU? tawmhfudk
tpGrf;xufwJh yk*d¾vfyJ}
[k ajymav\/
xdkYaemuf tdrf&SifvlBuD;onf paearmifarmiftm; EIwfqufNyD;
vQif ¤if;aexdkif&mtdrfodkY jyefoGm;av\/ wpfatmifhrQMumvQif ¤if;\
ZeD;ESifhom;orD;rsm;udk ac:,lum wHjrufpnf;rsm;? a&yHk;rsm;? t0wf
pkwfrsm;udk o,faqmifí paearmifarmif aexdkifrnfh tdrfBuD;tm;
oefY&Sif;a&;vkyf&eftwGuf pDADvdkif;&Sd tdrfrnf;BuD;qDodkY jyefvmavawmh
\/ paearmifarmifrSmrlum; ¤if;\wynfh bdef;pm;bGefa[mif; qdkaom
w½kwfESifh armifzdk;omqdkaom oli,ftm;ac:í *sL;vlrsdK;wpfOD; zGifhvSpf
a&mif;csaom aumfzDqdkifü aumfzDESifh csDZmudwfudk t&omcHí pm;aomuf
&if; pum;ajymaeav\/ bGef;a[mif;u paearmifarmiftm; ...
]'DrSm q&mBuD;/ tck uRefawmfwdkY vkyfwJhtvkyf[m atmifjrif&if
tpktyHkvdkuf&EdkifwJh tvkyfyJ/ uRefawmfwdkY uHZmwmrSma&m tckvdk&EdkifwJh
oabm&Sd&JUvm;}
[kar;vdkuf&m paearmifarmifu ...
]rif;u aA'iftaMumif;udk ar;wmvm;? aA'ifu wGufenf;
trsdK;rsdK; a[menf;trsdK;rsdK; &Sdw,fuG/ 'gayrJh igBudKufwJh enf;av;
wpfckudk ajymjyOD;r,f/ tJ'g t*Fvdyfvdk (ywfatmhzfazmfuRef; )vdkY ac:
w,f/ "ej*dK[fwGufenf;yJ/ v*f&JU&moD? tHom? vdwåmeJY pef;&JU
&moD? tHom? vdwåmaygif;&w,f/ NyD;awmh we*FaEG&JU &moD? tHom?
vdwåm jyefNyD; Ekwf&w,f/ tJ'DrSm usefwJh&moD? tHom? vdwåm[m

40
rif;odcF r[l&m
"ej*dKvf&JU&moD? tHom? vdwåmyJuG,fh/ usKyf&JUZmwmrSm "ej*dKvfudk

Mumoyaw;j*dKvfu 'D*&D 120 eJY jrifxm;w,f/ "ej*dKvf[m r&Pb0rSm
&yfwnfaew,f/ 'gaMumifh toufpGefYNyD; tckvdk odkuf&SmwJhvkyfief;eYJ
usKyfeJY odyfNyD;udkufwmaygh}
[k ajymav\/
]uRefawmfwdkYZmwmrSma&m tJ'Dvdk ygovm; q&mBuD;}
[k bGefa[mif;u ar;vdkufav\/
]rif;&JU ZmwmrSmu "ej*dKvftaetxm; odyfNyD;raumif;ygbl;/
'gayrJh we*FaEGj*dKvf taetxm;u tvGef aumif;w,fuG/ 'Dtcsuf[m
csrf;omEdkifwJh tcsufyJ/ armifzdk;om&JU ZmwmrSmuawmh "ej*dKvf tvGef
aumif;w,f/ Mumoyaw;j*dKvfeJY 180 'D*&D tjrif&Sdaew,f/ tckvdk
udk,fhxufBuD;wJhvleJY pyfwlpyfzufvkyfudkifwm[m trsm;BuD; tusdK;&Sdvdrfh
r,fuG,f}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;om\rsufESmonf
0if;yí oGm;av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;u ...
]uRefawmfhZmwmudk q&mBuD; b,fwkef;u &xm;wmvJ}
[kar;vQif q&mBuD; paearmifarmifu ...
]armifzdk;om usKyfqDudk a&mufwJhaeYuyJ arG;ouú&mZfudk ar;xm;
vdkufNyD; wGuf,lwmyg/ tJ'guawmh usKyf&JU 0goemyJqdk&rvm; rodbl;/
usKyfeJY odwJh vlawGtm;vHk;udk usKyfu ZmwmzGJYxm;wm}
¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf txufuqdkcJhonfhtwdkif; aumfzDESifh udwfrkefY
udkpm;&if; pum;wajymajym aecJhMuNyD;aemuf paearmifarmif iSm;&rf;cJh
aom tdrfBuD;qDodkY vmcJhMuav\/ tdrfodkYa&mufonfESifh tdrf&SifvlBuD;u

41
rif;odcF r[l&m
paearmifarmiftm; tdrfaomhudk tyfav\/ paearmifarmifonf aomhudk

,lNyD;aemuf tdrf&SifvlBuD;tm; ...
]ukvm;xrif;csuf aumif;aumif; wpfa,muf vdkcsifw,f/
awmufwdkrnf&vkyfzdkY tdrfazmf ukvm;rwpfa,muf vdkcsifw,f/ jcHapmifhzdkY
ukvm;'&0rfwpfa,muf vdkcsifw,f/ reufwpfBudrf aps;0,fzdkY ukvm;
b@mpdk; wpfa,mufvdkcsifw,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m tdrf&SifvlBuD;u ...
]pdwfcsygcifAsm;/ 'DnaeyJ tJ'D ukvm;awGtm;vHk; &atmif
uRefawmf &Smay;yghr,f}
[kqdkum xGufoGm;avawmh\/
paearmifarmifwdkYvnf; tdrfwGif;odkY 0ifMuav\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh
armifzdk;omwdkYonf ypönf;rsm; tdyf&mvdyfrsm;udk ae&mcsxm;av\/ pae
armifarmifrSmrl aemufrSDukvm;xdkifBuD;wpfvHk;wGif xdkifum ajryHkwpfcsyfudk
rSefbDvl;ESifh Munfhaeav\/ xdkYjyif aywHwpfacsmif;ESifhvnf; wdkif;xGm
rSwfom; aeav\/ rSwfpkpmtkyfüvnf; a&;rSwfaeav\/ xdkYaemuf
om;a&tdwftwGif;rS bvufpwHk;uD;ac: ausmufeufwHk;ay:wGifygaom
t½kyfpmrsm;udk rSefbD;vl;jzifhMunfhum bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYtm;...
]uJ udk,fhvlwdkY vmMuOD;/ a[m'D t½kyfuav;udkMunfhprf;}
[kqdkum t½kyfav;ajcmufckudk cJwHjzifh axmufjyvdkufav\/
t½kyfuav;rsm;rSm iSuf½kyf? jcaoFh½kyf? ooHa*guf½kyf? "m;½kyf? vuf½kyfESifh
a&uef½kyf jzpf\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]awGYawmh awGYygw,f q&mBuD;&,f/ bmt"dyÜ,fvJqdkwm
rodwmyg}
[kajymvdkufav\/

42
rif;odcF r[l&m
]]'Dvdk armifzdk;om&JU/ t½kyfpmrSmu iSuf½kyfoHk;rsdK; &Sdw,f/

pmuav;eYJwlwJh iSuf½kyfu ]'AvsL} qdkwJh toHxGufeJY eD;pyfw,f/
ZD;uGufeJYwlwJh iSuf½kyfu ]trf} qdkwJh toHxGufeJY eD;pyfw,f/ usD;uef;
eJYwlwJh iSuf½kyfu ]at} qdkwJh toHxGufeJY eD;pyfw,f}}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omonf ¤if;\
tdwfwGif;rS rSwfpkpmtkyfudkxkwfí vdkufvHa&;rSwfavawmh\/ xdktcg
bGefa[mif;u armifzdk;omteD;odkYuyfum ...
]armifzdk;oma& q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu ol pum;ajymwJhtcg
rSwfpkpmtkyfvdkufNyD;rSwfwmudk rBudKufbl;uG/ olYudk trlt,mtm;jzifh
rsufESmvdkrsufESm& vkyfw,fvdkY ,lqw,f/ rsufESmvdkrsufESm& vkyfwmwdkY?
vdktyfwmxufydkNyD; t½dktaoay;wmwdkYudk oabmrusbl;uG/ tJ'gav;
awG owdxm;yg}
]usKyf rsufESmvdkrsufESm& vkyfwmr[kwfbl;As/ wu,f odcsifvdkY
rSwfwm}
[k ajymvdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]tckvdk vdrfajymwmudkvnf; rBudKufbl;uG/ igajymwmawG
r,kH&if rif; aemufawmh awGYygvdrfhr,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdktcsdefüyif oli,fav;wpfa,muf a&mufvmNyD;vQif pae
armifarmiftm; pmwpfapmifay;&if; ...
]armfawmfqdkifu,feJYvlwpfa,muf a&mufvmNyD; pmwpfapmif ay;
oGm;ygw,f/ uRefawmfu ukvm;'&0rf ra&mufcif jcHudkapmifhay;ae&wJh
jcHapmifhyg}

43
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymav\/
paearmifarmifonf xdkvli,ftm; ig;rl;aphwpfaph ay;vdkufNyD; ...
]rif; oGm;EdkifNyD}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifonf pmtdwfudkzGifhvdkufNyD; jyHK;vdkuf
av\/ NyD;vQif armifzdk;omESifh bGefa[mif;wdkYtm; ...
]uJ.. a[m'Dpmudk zwfwwfatmif BudK;pm;Muayawmh}
[kajymqdkum pmudkay;vdkuf&m armifzdk;omESifh bGefa[mif;wdkY
vnf; pmudk tvkt,uf Munfh½MI uav\/ xdkodkY Munfh½Iygaomfvnf;
pmrSm pm&GufjzLay:wGif w½kwfrifeufjzifh a&;xm;aom t½kyfpmrsm;
jzpfaeaomaMumifh wpfvHk;wpfavrQyif zwfwwfjcif;r&Sd&um; ¤if;wdkY
ESpfOD;onf wpfOD;rsufESmudk wpfOD;Munfhum &,farmvdkufMuavawmh
ownf;/
c&D;xGufMuNyD
paearmifarmifwdkYonf txufuqdck Jhaom tdrfBuD;wGif oHk;vcefY

aexdkifMuNyD;aemuf paearmifarmifu ...
]uJ.. bGefa[mif;eJY armifzdk;omwdkYa&/ r[l&mausmufeufwHk;av;
u azmfjywJh aorif;qDudk c&D;qufMupdkYvm;/ tJ'Dvdk c&D;qufzdkYtwGuf
bGefa[mif;u tppt&m&m pDpOf&r,f/ armifzdk;omu bGefa[mif;&JU
vufaxmuftjzpfeJY bGefa[mif;cdkif;wmudk vkyf&r,f/ c&D; pxGufNyD

44
rif;odcF r[l&m
qdkuwnf;u tEÅ&m,feYJ&ifqdkifNyD; oGm;&r,fvdkY em;vnfxm;&r,f/

vrf;rSmazmuf&if ao'Pfay;&rSmyJ/ uJ.. bGefa[mif;a& ck&uftwGif;
c&D;xGufEdkifatmif pDpOf&r,f/ rif; em;vnfatmif ajryHknTef;udk 'DrSm
vmMunfh? armifzdk;omvnf; MunfhcGifh&Sdw,f/ 'DrSm vmMunfh}
[kajymum ajryHkwpfcsyfudk csíjyav\/
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omvnf; tvkt,uf MunfhMuav\/
xdkodkY MunfhMu&m jrefrmjynfe,fpyfudkausmfí tdEd´,jynfajrmufydkif;wGif
uefYvefYjzwfípD;aeaom jA[®ykwå&jrpfudk awGY&av\/ xdk jA[®ykwå&jrpf
rSaeí ta&SUajrmufbufqDodkY wufoGm;aom jrpfvufwufwpfckudk
awGY&av\/ xdkjrpfvufwufrS ajrmufbufodkY wpfzefjyefwufjyef&m
jrpfcGqHkBuD;udk awGY&av\/ xdk jrpfcGqHkae&mwGif urÇmhuyfoD;acwf
avmufu &SdcJhaom jymESrf;ESrf; ausmufjymrsm;udk azmfjyxm;aom tuGuf
av;rsm;ay:wGif ]q'd,} [laompmvHk;udk a&;xm;av\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh
armifzdk;omwdkYonf q&mBuD;paearmifarmif\ rsufESmudk armhMunfMh u
av\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]yxrqHk; c&D;rSwfwdkifawmh q'd, yJ/ tJ'DrSm &du©mawG 0,fr,f/
aq;0g; tygt0if vdktyfwJhypönf;awG 0,fr,f/ txl;ojzifhuawmh
rnf;eufaomnDtpfudkrsm;vdkY ac:wJh vlqdk;*dkPf;u vlawGudk tJ'Du
apmifh&r,f/ olwdkYvlpk[m tJ'D taqmufttHka[mif;xJrSm tpnf;ta0;
vkyfMuvdrfhr,f/ tJ'D tpnf;ta0;rSm udk,fpm;vS,f a&G;rSm/ tJ'D
udk,fpm;vS,fudk usKyfwdkYu &atmifzrf;NyD;awmh olYqDu taxmuf
txm;ypönf; &atmif,lr,f/ tJ'D ypönf;ygrS aorif;vdkPfacgif;xJudk
0ifcGifh&rSm/ ao0Hhw,fqdkNyD; t&rf;oGm;vdkY r&bl;/ tcsdef;tcsufawG?
ÓPfupm;wmawG trsm;BuD; ygw,f/ trSm;rcHbl;? wpfcsufuav;
acsmfoGm;&if toufeJYavsmfaMu;ay;oGm;&r,f}
[k q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufav\/

45
rif;odcF r[l&m
xdkYaemufwGifum; bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf c&D;xGuf

&eftwGuf pwifpDpOf&ef pDADvdkif;tdrfrnf;BuD;rS xGufvmMuavawmh\/
bGefa[mif;onf aps;csdKodkYoGm;a&mufí abmif;bDrsm;? uif;bwfzdeyfrS
tp awmvrf;c&D;wGifoHk;&ef ypönf;rsm;udk 0,f,lcJhav\/ xdkYtjyif
oHvdkuftdrfajr§mif? trJvdkuf"m;ajr§mif? vufESdyf"mwfrD;? "mwfcJ ponfwdkYrS
tp vdktyfonfrsm;udk wpdrfhpdrfh 0,f,laeavawmh\/ tawmftwef
pHkpHkvifvif0,f,lNyD;aomtcg jyefvmcJhMu\/ tdrfodkYa&mufvQif a&muf
csif; q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu pm;yGJay:wGif wifxm;aom pmwpfapmif
udk ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;tm; jyvdkufav\/ ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;vnf; pmudk uysmu,m
jzefYí Munfhvdkufav\/ pmrSm t*Fvdyfbmomjzifh a&;xm;aomfvnf;
t"dyÜm,frSm atmufygtwdkif; jzpfav\/
paearmifarmif
c&D;pOfudk zsufvdkufyg/
(rnf;eufaomnDtpfudkrsm;)
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf xdkpm&GufwGif av;ae&mü
aygufNyJaeonfudk awGY&ojzifh paearmifarmif\rsufESmudk MunfhvdkufMu
av\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
][kwfw,f bGefa[mif;a&/ rif;wdkYESpfa,muf aps;oGm;aewkef;
'Dtdrfa&SUuae armfawmfqdkifu,fwpfpD; jzwfarmif;oGm;w,f/ armfawmf
qdkifu,f aemufrSmpD;wJhvlu 'Djywif;aygufudk "m;eJY vSrf;aygufoGm;
w,f/ tJ'D"m;u a[m[dk wdkifrSm vmNyD;pdkufw,f/ tJ'D"m;rSm 'Dpm
ygvmwm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]b,fvdkvkyfrvJ q&mBuD;}

46
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ar;vdkufav\/
xdktcg q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu ...
]wdkY vlpkcGJ&r,f/ bGefa[mif;eJY armifzdk;omu q'd,udk a&muf
wJhenf;eJYoGm;/ usKyfryg&if rif;wdkYaemuf vdkufrSmr[kwfbl;/ usKyf
aemufudkyJ olwdkY rJaeMurSm}
[k ajymav\/
xdkYaemufwGifum; paearmifarmifonf oGm;&rnfh tpDtpOfudk
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm; tao;pdwf &Sif;jyavawmh\/ xdkodkY
&Sif;jyNyD;aemuf paearmifarmifonf aiGpuúLrsm; omru a&T'*Fg;ESifh
bdef;rsm;udkyg ay;í ,cknaeyif pwifxGufcGmrnf[k ajymvdkufav
awmh\/ xdkaMumifh bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf xdkaeYnae
oHk;em&DavmufwGif q&mBuD;paearmifarmiftm; EIwfqufí pwifxGufcJh
Muavawmh\/
awmifwef;udkausmf&NyD
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf ylwmtdkxd trsm;olig

c&D;oGm;rsm;uJhodkY yifyef;EGrf;e,frIr&SdbJ c&D;oGm;cJhMu\/ xdkrSwpfzef
taemufbufpl;pl;odkY ajcusifvrf;twdkif; avQmufcJhMu&m jrifhrm;aom
awmifaMumBuD;wpfckudk awGY&av\/ xdkawmifaMumrSm ywfudGKifawmif
wef;rS awmifpG,fwpfckESifh wmvlawmifrS awmifpG,f xdpyfaeaom
awmifaMumjzpf\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf xdkawmifaMumudk
cufcufcJcJjzwfNyD;aemuf jrpfvufwuf wpfcktwdkif; tawmftwef
BuD;rm;aom ukefwifpufwyfavSBuD;wpfpD;jzifh vdkufcJhMu&m vGefpGm

47
rif;odcF r[l&m
vlodrsm;aom jA[®ykwå&jrpfrBuD;twGif; a&muf&SdoGm;Muavawmh\/

awmifaMumBuD;udk jzwfausmfcJ&h aom yifyef;EGrf;e,frIrsm;onf jA[®ykwå&
jrpftwGif;odkY a&mufaomtcgü vHk;0aysmufvGifhoGm;NyD[k qdkEdkif\/
jA[®ykwå&jrpfonf vGefpGmvSy\/ jA[®ykwå& jrpfurf;wpfavQmuf
wGif aygufa&mufaeaom tyifrsm;teuf vufyHyifESifh vGefpGmwlaom
tyifwpfrsdK;onf trsm;pkjzpf\/ jrpfa&onf vGefpGmMunf\/ jrpfurf;
wpfavQmuf tyifwdkYonf vGefpGmvSy\/ jymrdIif;rdIif; awmifukef;?
awmifwef;wdkYudk rjywfawGY&\/ wpfcgwpf&Hürl pdrf;vef;aom vGifjyif
rsm;udk awGY&\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkY pD;eif;vdkufygaom
ukefwifpufwyfavSBuD;ay:wGif avSolBuD;tygt0if vl&Spfa,mufjzpf\/
¤if;wdkYonf ukvm;pum;udk vGefpGmvQmvdyfaomavoHjzifh ajymavh&SdMu
\/ bGefa[mif;onf ukvm;pum;trsdK;rsdK;udk wwfuRrf;ojzifh ¤if;wddkYESifh
pum;ajymí&\/ avSorm;rsm;onf avSqdkufaomtcsdefí ig;zrf;Mu\/
rnfonfhtcsdef zrf;onfjzpfap aiGa&mifaMu;cGHrsm;&Sdonfh ig;oavmufESifh
wlaom ig;wpfrsdK;udkom tpOfojzifh &av\/ odkYaomf xdkig;rSm
ig;oavmufr[kwfay/ ig;oavmufonf vGefpGmt½dk;rsm;\/ xdkig;onf
t½dk;rrsm;ay/ ¤if;ig;\ t½dk;wnfaeyHkrSm ig;jrif;uJhodkYjzpf\/ t&omrSm
ig;jrif;ESifh rwlay/ ig;oavmuf\ t&omESifhwl\/ odkYaomf
ig;oavmufxuf tqDrsm;\/ xdkig;udk avSorm;rsm;u csE´&mrcsD;[k
ac:Mu\/ armifzdk;omu bGefa[mif;tm; ...
]bmig;vJ udkbGefa[mif;&,f}
[kar;&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]ig;jrif;oavmuf}
[k ajymav\/
]cifAsm;ajymwJhemrnf rMum;zl;ygbl;}

48
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k armifzdk;omu ajym&m bGefa[mif;u ...

]rMum;zl;&if Mum;zl;atmifrSwfxm; armifzdk;oma&/ ig;jrif;eJY
vnf; wlw,f/ ig;oavmufeYJvnf; wlw,f/ 'gaMumifh igu
ig;jrif;oavmuf vdkYac:wm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdk ig;jrif;oavmufqdkaom ig;udk avSxdk;om; rufbk qdkolu
csuf\/ rufbkonf vGefpGmrS [if;csufaumif;\/ ig;udk tuGif;vdkuf
wHk;í rqmvmESifhe,f\/ NyD;vQif tcsOfqDjyefjzpfatmif csuf\/
xrif;rSm qefeDrsm;ESifh a&maeaomfvnf; Murf;vSonf r[kwfay/
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf xdkavSBuD;ay:wGif xrif;udk Nrdef&SufpGm
pm;EdkifMu\/ pm;NyD;onfESifh ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;onf tdyf&mvdyfudkjzefYí wpfa&;
tdyfMuavawmh\/ tdyf&mrSEdk;aomtcg rufbku 'efYuRJaphtrIefYESifh
xef;vsufudk usdKxm;aom t&nfwpfrsdK;udk wdkufauR;avh&Sd\/ xdk
t&mudkvnf; armifzdk;om tvGefESpfouf\/ wpfcgwGif armifzdk;omu ...
]udkbGefa[mif;a& 'Dukvm;awGeJY c&D;oGm;&wm pm;vdkYaomufvdkY
aumif;w,fAsdKU/ q'd,vnf; a&mufa&m usKyfwdkY cifAsm;wdkY udk,fvHk;[m
0ufBuD;vdk jzpfaevdrfrh ,fxifw,f}
[k ajymav\/
]armifzdk;oma& q'd,udk vG,fvG,feJYa&mufr,f rxifbl;}
[k bGefa[mif;u jyefajymvdkufav\/
þodkYESifhyif ¤if;wdkYpD;eif;vmaomavSBuD;onf jA[®ykwå&jrpf
twdkif; txufodkY qefwufvmonf/ armifzdk;omonf c&D;toGm;tvm
enf;aomaMumifh ,ckuJhodkY ra&mufzl;aomc&D;udk xGufvmaomtcgü
jrpfwpfbufwpfcsuf&Sd ½Icif;rsm;udk Munfhum vGefpGm oabmusaeav\/

49
rif;odcF r[l&m
xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;uvnf; armifzdk;omtwGuf rSwfom;zG,f&m

aumif;aom taMumif;t&mrsm;udk tcsdef&wdkif; ajymjyav\/ ¤if;wdkY
pD;eif;vmaom ukefwifavSBuD;onf wa&GUa&GUESifh qefwufvmcJh&m c&D;
wpf0ufcefY a&muf&SdcJhav\/ xdktcsdefü vdIif;av jyif;xefojzifh
oHk;&ufcefY urf;uyfí av'Pf rdk;'Pf rcH&avatmif apmifhqdkif;&av\/
xdkodkY urf;wGif uyfxm;&pOftwGif; bGefa[mif;onf trJypfaoewfudk
,lí awmwGif;odkY 0ifav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]jzpfyghrvm; udkbGefa[mif;}
[k ar;&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]i½kwfoD; axmif;xm;}
[k ajymoGm;av\/
wpfem&DcefYMumvQif bGefa[mif;onf tom;wGJrsm;udkxrf;um
avSqDodkY jyefa&mufvmcJhav\/ xdkYaemuf ukvm;rsm;tm; rdrdonf
qwfBuD;wpfaumifudk ypfxm;cJhaMumif; tom;wcsKdUudkom rdrdtaejzifh
o,fvmaMumif;ajym&m xdk ukefwifavSBuD;rS ukvm;rsm;onf avSolBuD;
udkomcsefí usefolrsm;tm;vHk; awmxJodkY 0ifoGm;Muav\/ xdktcg
bGefa[mif;onf avSolBuD;\OD;acgif;udk aoewf'ifjzifh xkcsvdkuf&m
avSolBuD; arhajrmoGm;av\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;onf avSolBuD;tm; ...
]armifzdk;oma& aoewf,lxm;/ tJ'DaumifBuD; tlaMumifaMumif
vkyfae&if aoewfeJY ypfowfvdkufawmh}
[krSmMum;NyD;vQif ¤if;url pufEdI;avawmh\/ NyD;vQif armifzdk;om
tm; pufavSrSBudK;rsm;udk jzKwfcdkif;NyD; pufavSBuD;udk armif;ESifavawmh
\/ pufavSBuD;onf wa&GUa&GU xGufcGmavawmh\/ armifzdk;omonf
tHhMoaeavawmh\/ xdkaemufrS ...

50
rif;odcF r[l&m
]b,fvdkvkyfwmvJ udkbGefa[mif;}
[k ar;&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]'DaumifawG[m bvufb&m;om;awG/ usKyfwdkY paearmifarmif
&JU wynfhawGqdkwm olwdkY odw,f/ tJ'Dvdk odaevdkY 'Dae&m aocsmvmNyD;
apmifhaewm}
[k jyefíajymav\/ armifzdk;omonf r,kHwpf0uf ,kHwpf0uf
jzpfaeav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]udk,fhvl r,kHbl;xifw,f/ [dkaumifBuD;&JU b,fvufarmif;
twGif;bufudk oGm;Munfhprf;/ bDbDqdkwJh pmvHk;ESpfvHk; oHyleJYuyfxm;wm
awGY&vdrfhr,f}
[kqdkojzifh armifzdk;omvnf; arhajrmaeaom avSolBuD;\
vufarmif;udk vSefMunfhNyD;vQif [kwfrSefaMumif; acgif;ndwfíjyav\/
xdkYaemuf armifzdk;omu ...
]'DaumifawG[m bvufb&m;om;rSef; cifAsm; b,ftcsdefu pNyD;
odwmvJ}
[k ar;vdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]olwdkYavSay:udk rwufcifuwnf;u odaeygNyD}
[k jyefíajymav\/
]udkbGefa[mif;ES,fAsm/ &efolYavSrSef; odvsufom;eJYrsm; bmjzpf
vdkY wufNyD; pD;jzpfatmif pD;&wmvJ}
]armifzdk;om&? 'Dae&mrSm 'DavS wpfpD;yJ&SdwmyJ/ rpD;vdkY b,f&
rSmvJ}

51
rif;odcF r[l&m
]xm;ygawmhAsm/ usKyfudkawmh today;&rSmaygh/ bmjzpfvdkY tod

ray;&wmvJ}
[k rauseyfaomrsufESmjzifh armifzdk;omu bGefa[mif;tm;
ar;vdkufav\/
]'gu 'Dvdk&Sdygw,f udk,fhvl&,f/ usKyfu armifzdk;omudk tapm
BuD;uwnf;u ajymxm;vdkY&Sd&if armifzdk;om[m trlt&mawG ysufae
rSmaygh/ olwdkYtay: vdktyfwmxufydkNyD; owdxm;aevnf; aerSmaygh/
tJ'Dvdk vkyfcJh&if 'DaumifawGu olwdkYtaMumif; odoGm;NyDqdkwm &dyfrdoGm;
MurSmaygh/ tJ'Dvdk &dyfrdoGm;&if usKyfwdkYudk t&Sifxm;rSm r[kwfbl;/ q&m
BuD; paearmifarmifajymwJh owdqdkwm 'grsdK;udk ajymwm armifzdk;om&JU}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymvdkufav\/
xrif;csufcsdef a&mufaomtcg armifzdk;omonf bGefa[mif;
trJvdkufí&vmaom qwfom;rsm;udk qDjyefcsufjyKwf&avonf/ xrif;
csufjyKwfNyD;aomtcgü bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf xrif;pm;Mu
av\/ avSBuD;rSmrl OD;wnfxm;onfhtwdkif; wa&GUa&GUoGm;aeav\/
jA[®ykwå&jrpfBuD;\ us,f0ef;aomae&modkY a&mufonfhtcg bGefa[mif;
u...
]armifzdk;oma& aumif;rIwpfck jyKMu&atmif}
[kqdkum avSolBuD;tm; rsufESmudk a&jzifhyufzsef;í owd&ap
&ef jyKvkyfavonf/ owd&vmaomtcg bGefa[mif;u ukvm;pum;jzifh
avSolBuD;tm; ajym\/ avSolBuD;uvnf; jyefíajymav\/ wpfatmifhrQ
MumvQif bGefa[mif;u ...
]armifzdk;oma& avSolBuD;&JU ajcaxmufu rçuGm}
[k qdkojzifh armifzdk;omvnf; rç&av\/

52
rif;odcF r[l&m
bGefa[mif;u avSolBuD;\ acgif;bufrSaeí rçav\/ avSol

BuD;onf i,foHygatmif atmfav\/ bGefa[mif;url armifzdk;om tm;...
]qifjzLa&cswaygif;v upm;r,fa[h}
[k ajymNyD;vQif ...
]wpf..ESpf..o&D;}
[k atmfum avSolBuD;tm; jA[®ykwå&jrpfwGif;odkY ypfcsvdkufav
awmh\/

53
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (5)
rkefwdkif;rdjcif;
¤if;wdkY\avSBuD;onf wa&GUa&GU a&GUvsm;cJh&m jrpfav;cGqHkodkY

a&mufcJhMuav\/ xdkjrpfqHkrS rsufpdwpfqHk;us,fajymaom a&jyifudkom
awGY&\/ av;bufav;wef&Sd urf;udkjrifawGYEdkifjcif; r&Sday/ xdkae&modkY
ta&mufü bGefa[mif;u ...
]'Dae&mBuD;[m odyfus,fw,f/ odyfudkowdxm;&r,f/ a[m[dk
aumif;uifBuD;[m eDaewm awGYvm;/ tJ'g avrkefwdkif;yJ/ tJ'D
avrkefwdkif;[m 'Dae&mvm&if wdkYESpfa,muf&JUtouf[m zifu xGufoGm;
vdrfhr,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omonf pdwfysuftm;i,fí oGm;av\/
xdkodkYajymNyD; rMumrD vdIif;wHydk;rsm; xvmav\/ ¤if;wdkY\avSBuD;onf

54
rif;odcF r[l&m
pwifí vl;vmav\/ armifzdk;omonf aoab;twGuf aMumuf&GHUae\/

bGefa[mif;rSmrl atmufygtwdkif; oDcsif;ukd qdkdae\/
]ao&awmhr,f ridkeJY ...
ao&awmhr,f ridkeYJ/
idkaevdkY &SifrSm r[kwfbl;/
idka<u;wdkif;om touf&Sifr,fqdk&if ...
idkcsif;onfawG toufwpfaxmif &Snfvdrfhr,f/
armifzdk;om romjzpfawmhr,f ...
trsdK;om;aumif; armifbGefa[mif; tavmif;jzpfawmhr,f}
bGefa[miff;onf þodkYaom tjrD;tarmufrwnfhaom pmom;
rsm;udk oDcsif;vkyfí qdkav\/ armifzdk;omonf bGefa[mif;udk Munfhí
pdwfnpf aeavawmh\/
]udkbGefa[mif;...avSBuD;udk enf;enf;xdef;ygOD;}
[k armifzdk;omu ajym&mbGefa[mif;u ...
]armifzdk;oma&.. avSBuD;u ightrdefYudk remcHawmhbl;/ rkefwdkif;&JU
trdefYudkom emcHaeNyD/ tJ'Dawmh rif;eJY igeJYu aorif;&JUtrdefYudk emcHzdkYyJ
&Sdawmhw,f/ a[m'DrSm 'efYuRJapheJY xef;vsufeJY azsmfxm;whJ bvuf
b&m;om; aumfzDylyluav; aomufvdkufOD;}
[kqdkum armifzdk;omtm; cGufwpfcGufudk xdk;íay;av\/
¤if;udk,fwdkifvnf; taiGYwaxmif;axmif; xaeaom 'efYuRJaphaumfzDudk
Nrdefa&&Sufa& aomufaeav\/ armifzdk;omrSmrl aoab;udk aMumufvefY
vGef;í aqmufwnf&mr& jzpfae&um; aumfzDcGufudk,lí vTifhypfvdkuf
avawmh\/

55
rif;odcF r[l&m
rkefwdkif;onf jyif;xefonfxuf jyif;xefvmav\/ bGefa[mif;

wdkY\ avSBuD;onf apmif;oGm;\/ avStwGif;odkY a&rsm;0ifvm\/
vdIif;vHk;BuD;wpfvHk;onf bGefa[mif;wdkYavSBuD;tm; wpf&Sdefxdk; ajr§muf
wifvdkuf&m avxJwGif ajrmufwufoGm;\/ avSBuD;onf AGrf;ceJ
atmufodkY jyefusvm\/ avSBuD;onf ESpfjcrf;uGJoGm;\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh
armifzdk;omwdkYonf vGifph ifoGm;\/ bGefa[mif;onf ysOfcsyfwpfcsyfudk
&\/ bGefa[mif;onf ysOfcsyfwpfcsyfudk zufwG,f&if; armifzdk;omudk
&Sm\/ odkY&mwGif rdk;rsm; oJoJrJrJ &GmcsaeaomaMumifh &SmírawGYay/
trSefpifppf armifzdk;omvnf; a&eHqDoHyHk;wpfvHk;udk&í zufxm;NyD;jzpf\/
tcsdeftwefMumaomtcgü rdk;pJoGm;\? avvnf;jidrfoGm;\? avjidrfonf
ESifhtrQ vdIif;vnf; jidrfoGm;av\/ xdktcgü ysOfcsyfudkzufxm;aom
bGefa[mif;ESifh a&eHqDyHk;udk zufxm;aom armifzdk;omonf a&jyifus,f
wGif qHkMuavawmh\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u armifzdk;omtm; ...
]*Gwfarmeif;}
[k aemufajymifEIwfqufav\/ armifzdk;omu ...
]cifAsm;ES,fAsm...'Davmuf touftEÅ&m,fawGMum;rSm aemufyJ
aemuf Edkifw,f}
[kajymvdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]'DrSm armifzdk;om.../ rif;udk aemufaewm r[kwfbl;/ aorif;udk
jyuf&,fjyKwm}
[kajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omonf xl;qef;aom bGefa[mif;\
pdwfobm0udk ½kwfw&uf jrifawGY&onfjzpf&m tHhMoí yg;pyfta[mif;
om; jzpfoGm;avawmhownf;/
armifzdk;omESifh bGefa[mif;wdkYonf a&jyifus,fBuD;tm; ysOfcsyf?
a&eHqDoHyHk; ponfwdkY\ tultnDwdkYjzifh aumif;pGm ul;vmcJhNyD; jzpf\/

56
rif;odcF r[l&m
urf;pyfodkY a&mufvmaomtcgü armifzdk;omonf vGefpGm arm[dkufae

aomaMumifh bGefa[mif;u jyKpk&\/ armifzdk;omu tarmajyaom
tcgü bGefa[mif;u ...
]bdef;pm;u arm&rvm; atmufarhw,f/ udk,fhvlu armaewm
udk;}
[kajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ‘...
]at;Asm..udkbGefa[mif; ajymr,fqdkvnf; ajymp&myJ/ usLyfujzifh
enf;enf;rSudk tarmrcHEdkifbl;/ tJ'g bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh aq;vdyf
aomufvdkYAs}
[k jyefíajymav\/
xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;onf ¤if;wdkYrsufESmrl&m wnfhwnfhwGif
&Sdaom &Gmuav;qDodkY OD;wnfí oGm;av\/ xdk&Gmuav;rSm a*:&cg;
&Gmuav; jzpf\/ &THUrsm;jzifh aqmufvkyfxm;aom tdrfykav;rsm;?
jrif;aZmif;rsm;? EGm;wif;ukyfrsm;? vm;½kHrsm;jzifh pnfum;vsuf &Sd\/
xdk&Gmuav;ü trsm;pkrSm a*:&cg;vlrsdK;om jzpfaomfvnf; trsdK;trnf
rodaom tjcm;ukvm;vlrsdK;rsm;vnf; aexdkif\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh
armifzdk;omwdkYonf &GmtwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;Mu\/ &Gmv,fvrf;rBuD;odkY
a&mufaomtcgü xrif;qdkifBuD;wpfqdkifudk awGY&av\/ xdkYaMumifh
¤if;wdkYESpfOD;onf xrif;qdkiftwGif;odkY 0ifoGm;av\/ armifzdk;omu ...
]'DrSm udkbGefa[mif;/ xrif;pm;&wmawmh [kwfygNyD/ ay;p&m
ydkufqHu b,frSmvJ/ 'DrSmu bmaiGudk oHk;pGJaeovJ rodbl;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]bmyJjzpfjzpfuGm t&ifpm;xm;r,f/ aemufrS Munfh&Sif;wmaygh/
xrif;zdk;ray;EdkifvdkY towfcH&w,fqdkwm rMum;zl;ygbl;}

57
rif;odcF r[l&m
bGefa[mif;onf xrif;pm;rnfhae&mwGif xdkifrdonfESifhwpfjydKif
euf &SdorQ[if;rsm;udk rSmavawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh armifzdk;omu ...
]b,fvdkvJ udkbGefa[mif;/ rSmvScsnfvm;/ ydkufqHvnf; r&SdbJeYJ}
]a[h.. armifzdk;om&JU/ [if;wpfrsdK;wnf;pm;vnf; ydkufqHray;Edkif
&if jyóemay:rSmyJ/ qdkifrSm&SdwJh [if;awGtukefvHk; rSmpm;vnf;
jyóemay:rSmyJ/ 'Dawmh rxl;ygbl;uGm/ xrif;0wmeJY qdkif&Sifukvm;&JU
rsufESmudk igu vufoD;eJY xdk;r,f/ [dk... axmifaxmifarmif;armif; pm;yGJ
xdk;&JU ndKUousnf;udk rif;u wkwfeYJ½dkuf}
]cifAsm;[muvnf;Asm../ xrif;pm;&wm pdwfrajzmifhvdkufwm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;onf Nrdef&SufpGm pm;aomufMu\/
pm;aomufMuNyD;aomtcgü axmifaxmifarmif;armif; a*:&cg;wpfOD;onf
bGefa[mif;wdkY teD;odkY a&mufvmav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u
armifzdk;omtm; ...
]wdkufcdkufzdkY aemufwpfa,muf wddk;vmNyD}
[k ajymvdkuf&m xdka*:&cg;u ...
]armifzdk;omeJY bGefa[mif;wdkYa&/ xrif;pm;NyD;&if qdkif&Sifukvm;eJY
pm;yGJxdk;ukvm;udk owfykwfzdkY rvdkawmhygbl;/ udk,fhvlwdkYpm;orQudk usKyf
&Sif;ay;vdkufygNyD}

58
rif;odcF r[l&m
[laom q&mBuD;paearmifarmif\toHudk Mum;vdkufojzifh ¤if;

wdkY ESpfa,mufpvHk; jydKifwl armhíMunfhvdkufMuNyD;vQif ...
]q&mBuD;}
[k jydKifwl atmf[pfum 0kef;ceYJ xvdkufMu\/ xdkYaemuf
bGefa[mif;u ...
]q&mBuD; b,fvdkvkyfNyD; 'Dae&mudk t&if a&mufaewmwHk;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu ...
]udk,fhvlwdkYESpfa,muf oGm;wJhvrf;udk olwdkYudk usKyfuyJ
wpfzufvSnfheJY owif;ay;vdkufwm/ tJ'Dawmh irJawGu udk,fhvlwdkY
ESpfa,mufaemufudk vdkufwmaygh/ tJ'DrSm usKyfu ukef;vrf;c&D;uae
jzwfvmwm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemufwGifum; bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf ¤if;wdkY
q&mBuD;paearmifarmif ac:&modkY aysmf&TifjrL;xl;pGmjzifh vdkufygoGm;Mu
av\/ q&mBuD;paearmifarmifonf vGefpGmrS a&S;usvSaom taqmuf
tODwpfckqDodkY ac:oGm;\/ xdktaqmuftODBuD;\ t0if0odkYa&mufvQif
tapmifhukvm;BuD;u bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm; 0ifcGifhray;Edkif
aMumif; jiif;qefav\/ paearmifarmifu trsdK;rsdK;tzHkzHk ajymqdkaomf
vnf; xdkukvm;BuD;u wHcg;aygufudkausmay;í acgif;udk wGifwGifcgae
av\/ paearmifarmifonf xdkukvm;BuD;\ rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;tMum;
ESmacgif;&if;odkY pdkufMunfhí ¤if;\bmomjzifh atmufygt"dyÜm,f&aom
pum;udk ajym\/
]a[haumifBuD;.. rif; ,lxm;wJh rdef;ri,fi,fav;eJY rif; tdrfem;
u olBuD;Adkufyl xGufajy;MuNyD/ rif; tjrefqHk; vdkufrSjzpfr,f/ ig

59
rif;odcF r[l&m
ajymwmudk r,Hk&if rif; rdef;r ygoGm;awmhr,f/ tjrefqHk; vdkufayawmh/

avSqdyfrSm &Sdw,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m xdk tapmifhukvm;onf ol\ezl;udk vuf0g;jzifh
tBudrfBudrf½dkufí ajy;oGm;avawmh\/ xdktcgü ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf
xdktaqmuftODwGif;odkY 0ifMuavawmh\/ twGif;odkY a&mufaomtcgü
ausmufavSum;wpfckodkY awGY&avawmh\/ xdkavSum;twdkif; wufoGm;
&m tay:xyfü ausmufjzifhxkxm;aom t½kyfuJhodkY jidrfíxdkifaeonfh
vm;rm;bkef;BuD;wpfyg;udk awGY&avawmh\/ paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf
xdkbkef;BuD;tm; xdkifíuefawmhvdkufMu\/ xdkodkYuefawmhvdkufonfEiS fh
wpfjydKifeuf vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;onf rsufcGHudkwjznf;jznf; vSefí
MunfhvdkufNyD;vQif ¤if;\bmompum;jzifh ...
]oifwdkY b,ft&mudk tvdk&Sdoenf;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu xdkbmompum;
jzifhyif ...
]t&Sifbk&m;&JU usifhMuHtm;xkwfrI enf;vrf;udkyJ tvdk&Sdygw,f}
[k jyefíajymvdkuf&m vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;u ...
]oif[m usifhMuHtm;xkwfenf; tm;vHk;udk odxm;wmyJ/
tawmfvnf; usifhxm;NyD;NyDyJ/ tb,faMumifh uREfkyftm; vdrfvnfajymqdk
aeoenf;}
[k jyefíajymvdkuf\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]wynfhwdkYoHk;a,muf[m rsufpdvnfvrf;rSm;NyD; 'Dae&mudk a&muf
vmwJh olawGyg}
[k ajymvdkuf&m vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;u ...

60
rif;odcF r[l&m
]oif[m rdk;ay:uypfcswJh tyfuav;wpfpif;udkawmif &SmEdkifwJh

olyg/ b,fvdkvkyf vrf;rSm;EdkifrSmwHk;/ oif bmaMumifh uREkfyfudk
vdrfvnfNyD; ajymqdkaewmvJ}
[k ajymjyefonf/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]wynfhawmfwdkY oHk;a,muf[m a&S;a[mif; &wemodkufwpfckudk
wl;azmfzdkY vmcJhMuwmyg}
[k ajymvdkufvQif vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;u ...
]oif ,ck trSefajymNyD}
[k ajymav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]wynfhawmfwdkY oHk;a,muf[m c&D;xGufzdkY &moDOwk raumif;
ao;wJhtwGuf 'Dae&mrSm wpfvavmufwnf;cdkcsifygw,f/ wpfvavmuf
wnf;cdkcGifhay;yg}
]'DrSm&SdwJh b,fvdkypönf;udkrS cdk;r,lygbl;vdkY uwday;&if oifwdkY
udk wnf;cdkcGifhay;r,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m paearmifarmifu ...
]wynfhawmfwdkY b,fvdkypönf;udkrS cdk;,loGm;rnfr[kwfaMumif;
t&Sifbk&m;udk uwday;ygw,f}
[k ajymvdkufvQif vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;u..
]oif[m ,Hk&r,fhvl r[kwfbl;/ uwdopömudk tBudrfBudrf
csdK;azmufwwfwJholrsdK; jzpfwwf/ 'gaMumifh oifhudk usdefpmwdkufNyD;rS
vufcHEdkifr,f/ [dka&cGufudk,lNyD; a&cyfvdkuf/ NyD;&if oif uREkfyf qdkwJh
twdkif; vdkufqdk}

61
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k qdkojzifh paearmifarmifvnf; vm;rm;bkef;BuD;ajymonfh

twdkif; a&wpfcGufudkudkifí xm;&av\/ xdktcg vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;
u ...
]uwdopömysufcJhaomf aocsdefwefonfhtcgü aojcif;w&m;onf
oifhxHodkY a&mufrvmbJ &Sdygapownf;/ aojcif;udk csufcsif;r&bJ
ab;'ku©rsdK;pkH cHpm;&ygapownf;}
[k wdkifay;av\/
paearmifarmifonf vdkufíqdk&av\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;\
t"dyÜm,fudk bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm; jrefrmbmomjzifh jyefí
ajymvdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]aumif;wmaygh/ ol&JUusdefpmu touf&Snfr,fh usdefpmyJ}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]rxifeJY bGefa[mif;a&/ aocsifwJhtcsdefrSm aocGifhr&wm[m
tifrwef BuD;rm;wJh'ku©qdkwm udk,fawGYMuHKwJhtcgrSm odvdrfhr,f}
[kajymvdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf paearmifarmif? bGefa[mif;ESifh
armifzdk;omwdkYonf xdkausmif;tdk ausmif;a[mif;BuD;ü aexdkifcJhav\/
oHk;&ufajrmufaomaeYü ¤if;wdkYvlpkonf rD;zdkeHab;wGifuyfum qefjyKwf
aomufaeMu\/ paearmifarmifrSmrl usefESpfOD;uJhodkY uyfíraebJ
vrf;avQmufíae\/ xdktcgü armifzdk;omu ...
]uRefawmf wpfckajymp&m &Sdw,f/ nu vlajcwdwfwJhtcgrSm
a[m'D atmufbufu vl oHk;av;ig;a,muf pum;ajymoH Mum;&w,f/
NyD;awmhvnf; w[J[JESifhatmfaewJh owå0gwpfaumif&JU toHudkvnf;
Mum;&w,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m bGefa[mif;uvnf; ...

62
rif;odcF r[l&m
][kwfw,f q&mBuD;.../ uRefawmfvnf; tJ'gudkyJ ajymrvdkY/

'gayrJh uRefawmf wpfckpOf;pm;rdw,f/ uRefawmfwdkY&JU atmufwnfhwnfh
rSm tcef;rS r&SdbJ/ tJ'g awmfawmfqef;w,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ paearmifarmifonf ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;tm;
vSrf;í MunfhvdkufNyD;aemuf ...
]atmufrSm vQdKU0Suftcef; &Sdao;w,f/ tJ'Dudkqif;wJh avSum;
[m a[m[dk wdkifuG,frSm&Sdw,f/ tJ'Dtcef;&JU xGufaygufwpfck[m
acsmif;wpfckeYJ qufaew,f/ 'DtaqmuftODudk wnfaqmufxm;yHk
uawmh cyfqef;qef;yJ/ rif;wdkYMum;&wJh vloHqdkwm [kwfvrd fhr,f/
w[J[JeJY atmfwJhtoH qdkwmuawmh wd&pämefwpfaumif&JU atmfoH
r[kwfbl;/ zm;zdkqGJoH jzpfvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk atmufrSm vm;rm;
bkef;awmfBuD;awG vQdKU0SufNyD; t*d¾&wfxdk;wJhtcef; &Sdvdrfhr,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]wdAufbkef;BuD;awG[m bmoHk;p&m&SdvdkY t*d¾&wf xdk;&rSmwHk;/
t*d¾&wf xdk;w,fqdkwm a&Tjzpfatmifvkyfwm r[kwfbl;vm;}
[k ajymvdkufav\/

63
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (6)
tEÅ&m,fc&D;vrf;
]r[kwfbl; armifzdk;om&JU/ vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;awG[m wu,fh

olawmfpifBuD;awGygyJ/ olwdkYtwGuf a&Tvnf; rvdkygbl;/ aiGvnf;
rvdkygbl;/ 'gayrJh olwdkY[m a&Tvkyfenf;udk odMuw,f/ jrefrmjynfrSm
t*d¾&wfq&mawG vdkufpm;aewJh a&Tjzpf aiGjzpfqdkwm[m olwdkYtwGuf
xrif;pm; a&aomufyJ/ bmyJjzpfjzpfav/ wdkYtwGuf tusdK;&Sdcsif &Sdr,f/
nudkawmh wdwfwdwfav;cdk;NyD; qif;MunfhrSyJ/ tJ'gaMumifh ntdyf&m0ifwJh
tcgrSm ttdyfqwfzdkY vdkw,f/ Edk;&ifqwfceJ xayawmh}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...
]tJ'Dvdk olwdkYvkyfwmudk cdk;NyD;Munf&h if tEÅ&m,f&Sdovm;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...

64
rif;odcF r[l&m
]'Dvdk&Sdw,f armifzdk;oma&/ uHaumif;&if aoEdkifw,f/ uHqdk;

&ifawmh csufcsif;raobJ tEÅ&m,fawG trsdK;rsdK;usNyD;rS ZD0defa<uvdrfhr,f}
]'Dvdkqdkvnf; uRefawmfhudk rEdI;ygeJYAsm/ uRefawmf vkdufNyD;
rMunfhcsifbl;}
[k ajymav\/
]vdkufrMunfhvdkY rjzpfbl;/ [dkrSm tEÅ&m,fawGY&if udk,fhvludk
jyefNyD; rEdI;tm;bl;/ vdkufMunfhcsifonf jzpfap? rMunfch sifonf jzpfap
Edk;NyD; vdkufcJh&rSmyJ}
nydkif;odkY a&mufvmaomtcgü paearmifarmifonf bGefa[mif;
ESifh armifzkd;omtm; trSefwu,fyif EdI;cJh\/ armifzdk;omonf tdyf&mrS
Edk;aomtcgü ¤if;\vufywfem&Dudk Munfhvdkufaomtcg em&DjyefESpfcsuf
xdk;ae\/ paearmifarmifonf a&SUrSaeí vQdKU0SufwHcg;aygufqDodkY
oGm;\/ ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;u wpfOD;vufudk wpfOD;udkifum aemufrSvdkufMu&
\/ wHcg;aygufodkY a&mufvQif xdkwHcg;ayguf&SdwHcg;udk paearmifarmif
u ¤if;wGifygaom ud&d,mjzifhziG fhí atmufodkYqif;\/ armifzdk;omESifh
bGefa[mif;wdkYvnf; atmufodkY vdkufíqif;&av\/ avSum;rSm
ausmufavSum; jzpf\/ atmufxyfodkYa&mufaomtcgü paearmifarmif
onf bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkY ykef;uG,f&rnfhae&mudk &SmazGí
ay;av\/ ¤if;wkdYESpfOD;onf ykef;uG,fí ae&av\/ paearmifarmifonf
¤if;wdkY\ rvSrf;rurf;ae&mwGif&yfí arQmfae\/ wpfatmifhrQMumvQif
paearmifarmifu bGefa[mif;wdkYteD;odkY vmNyD;vQif ...
]a&oHMum;&w,f/ avSwpfpD; avSmfvmwJhtoHyJ/ owd0D&d,eYJ
aeMu/ twifhvnf; odyfr&JMueJY/ odyNf yD;vnf; raMumufMueJY}

65
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k owday;vdkufav\/
rsm;rMumrDü ajratmufcef;\ wHcg;onf yGifhoGm;\/ pae
armifarmifwdkYvlpkonf xdkwHcg; yGifhoGm;aomae&modkY vSrf;íMunfhvdkuf&m
va&mifatmufü acsmif;udk vSrf;íjrif&\/ xdkYtwl avSudkvnf; jrif&\/
avSay:rS bkef;BuD;ESpfyg; qif;vm\/ wHcg;zGifhay;aombkef;BuD;wpfyg;u
vufwGifudkifxm;aom rD;wkwfudk rD;wdkYvdkuf\/ rD;wkwfrSm jrifawGYaeus
rD;wkwfrsdK;r[kwfbJ vQyfppfrD; xGef;vdkufovdk vif;xdefoGm;apaom
xl;qef;pGm pDrHxm;onfh rD;wkwfrsdK;jzpf\/ xdkYaemuf wdAufbkef;BuD;
oHk;OD;onf tcef;wGif;odkY0ifvm\/ tcef;wpfckvHk; xdefvif;oGm;\/
tcef;xJwGif wdAufbkef;BuD;tavmif; ajcmufavmif;udk awGY&\/
0ifvmaom wdAufbkef;BuD;oHk;OD;onf tavmif;rsm;udk ppfaq;Munfh½I
\/ NyD;vQif rD;zdkwpfcktm; rD;arT;\/ bkef;BuD;wpfyg;u oydwfvHk;
t&G,fcefY&Sdaom om;a&vHk;wpfvHk;udk wkwfESpfacsmif;jzifhny§ fí zdum
<uum vkyfay;\/ xdktcgü [J..[J..[J..[J.. [laom toHrsm;jzpfay:
vmNyD;vQif rD;zdkrSrD;awmufrsm;onf tcef;\ rsufESmMuufwdkifatmif
rD;yGm;rsm;udk vGifph ifapvsuf awmufavmifavawmh\/ xdktcg vm;
rm;bkef;awmfBuD;wpfyg;u wpfpHkwpfckudk n§yfjzifhudkifum ypönf;tcsKdUudk
xnfh\/ usnfawmufwpfcktwGif;rS t&nftenf;i,f xnfh\/ NyD;vQif
xdkvHktm; rD;xJwGif xnfhvdkuf\/ xdkwGif awmufavmifaeaom
rD;ta&mifonf jymESrf;ESrf; pdrf;zefYzefYta&mifodkY ajymif;oGm;\/
wpfatmifhrQMumvQif xdkvm;rm;bkef;BuD;onf n§yfjzifhvHkwGifn§yfí ajray:
wGif oGefcsvdkuf\/ 0if;0gvufajymifaomta&mifudk paearmifarmifwdkY
jrifvdkuf&\/ xdktcsdefü vm;rm;bkef;BuD;wpfyg;onf bkef;BuD;tavmif;
ajcmufavmif;\ yg;pyftwGif;odkY t&nfwpfrsdK;udk oGm;a&mufavmif;
xnfhav\/ rsm;rMumrDü apmapmuoGefxkwfcJhaom vif;ajymifonfh
t&nfonf tvJjzpfoGm;\/ vm;rm;bkef;BuD;oHk;yg;teuf wpfyg;onf
aumuf,lvdkuNf yD;aemuf oGm;&eftcsufjyvdkuf\/ NyD;vQif ¤if;wdkY tcef;

66
rif;odcF r[l&m
tjyifbufodkYxGufum wHcg;udk tjyifrS ydwfvdkufav\/ xdkYaemufwGif

um; avSavSmfoGm;oHudk Mum;&\/ xdktoH aysmufoGm;aomtcgü
paearmifarmifu bkef;BuD;tavmif;rS ouFef;tenf;i,fudk jzJ,lí
rD;wkwf vkyfavawmh\/ NyD;vQif rD;xGef;n§dNyD;aemuf zm;zdkudk rD;qufí
arT;avawmh\/ armifzdk;omu acsmif;buf wHcg;aygufteD;odkYoGm;í
uif;apmifh&\/ bGefa[mif;url avrIwfaomom;a&vHk;BuD;tm; zdcsnf
<ucsnf vkyfay;&\/ paearmifarmifonf vHkwpfckudkaumufí teD;wGif
&Sdaom t*d¾&wfypönf;rsm;udk xnfhav\/ xdkYaemuf vHkudk rD;cJtwGif;odkY
oGif;vdkufavawmh\/ rD;awmufrsm;onf t0ga&mif r[kwfawmhbJ
pdrf;pdrf;jymjymta&mifrsm;odkY ajymif;oGm;\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]jzpfNyD}
[k wdk;wdk;nif;nif;av; ajymvdkuf\/
xdktcgürSmyif ¤if;wdkYqif;vmaom ausmufavSum;rS toHudk
Mum;ojzifh Munfhvdkuf&m paearmifarmif opömqdkcJhaom þausmif;\
q&mawmf bkef;awmfBuD;jzpfaMumif;udk awGY&av\/ q&mawmf\
rsufvHk;rsm;onf ta&mifwzsyfzsyfawmuf ae\/ q&mawmfonf
atmufygt"dyÜm,f&aom pum;udk ¤if;\bmomjzifh Budrf;0g;av\/
]opömazmufawG.../ tjrefqHk;aozdkY qkawmif;Muayawmh}
[k toHeufBuD;jzifh ajymvdkufav\/
paearmifarmifuvnf; atmufygt"dyÜm,f&aom pum;udk
wdAufbmomjzifh jyefíajymvdkufav\/
]'DrSm q&mawmf.../ wynfhawmfwdkYu vlawGjzpfygw,f/ a&Tqdkwm
vlawGtwGuf toHk;0ifqHk; ypönf;yJ/ a&TtwGuf azmuf&wJhopömrdkYvdkY
a&TopömvdkY emrnfay;vdkufyg/ NyD;awmh t&Sifbk&m; xifovdk wynfhawmf
wdkY[m opömazmufwm r[kwfygbl;/ wu,f a&Tjzpf rjzpf vkyfprf;

67
rif;odcF r[l&m
MunfhwJh oabmyg/ wu,fjzpfw,fqdk&if aemifrS udk,fhbmom udk,f

vkyf,lrSmyg/ jy'g;udk rarT;bJESifh tpdrf;twdkif; a&Tvkyf &wm wynfhawmf
'DwpfcgyJ jrifzl;ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhvkyfvdkY& r& prf;Munfw h myg}
]olwpfyg; rodbJ? cGifhvnf;rjyKbJ olwpfyg;&JU tcef;xJudk
0ifwmu r½dk;om;bl;qdkwm xif&Sm;ygw,f}
[k ajymcsdefüyifvQif ... ausmufavSum;qDodkY "m;rsm;? wkwfrsm;?
vSHrsm;udkifaqmifxm;aomolrsm; a&muf&Sdvmojzifh paearmifarmifu
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;ombufodkYvSnfhum ...
]vmAsdKU}
[k ajymNyD;vQif acsmif;buf&Sd wHcg;vufqDodkY ajy;oGm;um
wHcg;udk udk,fvHk;jzifhwdkufí zGifhvdkufavawmh\/ wHcg;yGifhoGm;onfESifh
wpfjydKifeuf ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf av\vsifjrefjcif;rsdK;jzifh ajy;xGufoGm;Mu
avawmh\/ aemufrSvlrsm;uvnf; [pfatmfí wvref;Murf;
vdkufavawmh\/ vdkufaomvlpkwGif trJvdkufacG;rsm;yg ygvmonfjzpf&m
nmoHay;aomtoHwGif acG;a[mifoHyg ygaeawmh\/
paearmifarmifonf acsmif;½dk;twdkif; uyfíajy;ae\/ ¤if;\
aemufwGif armifzdk;omonf uyfí vdkufae\/ armifzdk;om\ aemufwGif
bGefa[mif;onf a[m[J a[m[JESifh uyfí vdkufav\/ wpfae&modkY
ta&mufwGif paearmifarmifu armifzdk;omtm; ...
]armifzdk;oma&../ odyfNyD;eD;vmNyDuG/ acsmif;xJudk ckefqif;vdkuf
awmh}
[kqdkojzifh armifzdk;omvnf; acsmif;wGif;odkY 0kef;ceJckefqif;í
acsmif;udk tvsm;vdkuftwdkif;ul;cyfí oGm;av\/ paearmifarmifonf

68
rif;odcF r[l&m
bGefa[mif;udkapmifhí wGJac:\/ wpfae&modkYta&mufwGif bGefa[mif;udk

vufarmif;rSudkifí acsmif;twGif;odkY ckefcsvdkufavawmh\/ acsmif;pyfwGif
BudK;csnfxm;aom avSwpfpD;udk awGY\/ paearmifarmifu avSay:
odkYwufNyD;vQif bGefa[mif;tm; avSmfcwfcdkif;av\/ xdkYaemuf acsmif;
twGif;üul;aeaom armifzdk;omtm; avSay:odkY qGJwifvdkuf\/ acsmif;rSm
auGYjzpfaomaMumifh auGYudk avSmfonfESifh aemufrSvdkufvmolrsm;
rsufjcnfjywfoGm;av\/ xdktcsdefü tenf;i,f pdwfoufomcGifh
&aomaMumifh armifzdk;omu paearmifarmiftm; ...
]q&mBuD;a&../ aemufu vdkufvmwJhvlpkawmh rsufjcnfjywfoGm;
wmeJY rvdkufawmhbl; xifw,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]'Dvdk rjzpfEdkifbl; armifzdk;om/ acsmif;u aumufoGm;awmh wdkY
oGm;&wmu vrf;taumufBuD;uG/ tJ'Dawmh 'DvlawG[m acsmif;½dk;
twdkif;vdkufrSm r[kwfbl;/ wnfhwnfhBuD; jzwfcsvdkuNf yD; wdkYa&SUu BudKNyD;
apmifhaeMuvdrfhr,f}
[k ajymvdkufojzifh armifzdk;omrSm xdwfxdwfysmysm jzpfoGm;\/
]tJ'Dvdkqdk b,fvdkvkyfrvJ q&mBuD;}
[k tvefYwMum; ar;vdkufav\/
]'Dvdk&Sdw,f armifzdk;oma&/ a[m'Dem;rSm wdkYavSudk &yfr,f/
NyD;&if wdkYtm;vHk; ukef;ay: wufMur,f/ avSudk 'Dtwdkif; arQmcsvdkufr,f}
[kajymqdkNyD;vQif tuG,ftumaumif;aomae&mü avSudk uyfNyD;
vlrsm;qif;Mu\/ xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifonf avSudk acsmif;tv,fodkY
wGef;oGm;NyD;vQif arQmcsvdkuf\/
xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifu ...

69
rif;odcF r[l&m
]bGefa[mif;eJY armifzdk;omu 'Dae&mrSmaecJhNyD; t&dyftajcMunfh

ae/ usKyfoGm;r,f}
[kajym&m armifzdk;omu ...
]q&mBuD; b,fudkoGm;rSmvJ}
[k tvefYwMum; ar;jyef\/
]usKyfwdkYaecJhwJh taqmuftOD;BuD;xJ jyefoGm;&r,fav/ usKyfwdkY
usefcJhwJh ypönf;awGvnf; ,lr,f/ apmapmu t*d¾&wfypönf;awGvnf;
,lr,f/ jzpfEdkif&if tJ'DrSm&SdwJh vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;&JU tdyf&mxJu
ypönf;wpfckawmif &csif &vmrSm}
]'Dvdkqdk uRefawmfwdkYvnf; vdkufr,fav q&mBuD;}
[kajymav\/
]udk,fhvlwdkY vdkufvdkYrjzpfbl;/ udk,fvlwdkYvdkuf&if ajc½Iyfaer,f/
ajy;&vTm;&wJhc&D;rSm udk,fhvlwdkYESpfa,mufpvHk; tajy;nHhw,f/ 'dxuf
qdk;wmu armifzdk;omu vHk;0 rajy;wwfbl;/ &efolvdkufvdkY ajy;wJhtcg
rSm ajy;yGJrSm ajy;ovdkajy;vdkY r&bl;/ ajy;yGJrSmajy;wmu ta&SUqHk;udk
a&mufzdkY ajy;&wm/ &efolvdkufvdkY ajy;&wmu 'Dvdkajy;vdkY r&bl;/
aemufu vdkufvmwJh &efol&JUobm0udkvnf; pOf;pm;&ao;w,f/ igom
olYae&mrSmaeNyD; 'Dvdk vdkufwJhbufu a&mufae&if b,fvdkvdkuf
rvJ qdkwmawG;MunfhNyD; vGwfr,fhvrf;udk ajy;&wm/ uJ..usKyfoGm;r,f}
[kqdkum paearmifarmifonf xGufoGm;avawmh\/ armifzdk;om
ESifh bGefa[mif;wdkYonf awmifukef;wpfckay:oYdk wufoGm;NyD;vQif xdk
awmifukef;ay:&Sd csKHzkwfwpfckwGif;odkY 0ifMuav\/ ¤if;wdkY\ aemufrS
vdkufvmaom vltkyfBuD;udkvnf; tay:pD;rS jrifMu&av\/ xdkvltkyfBuD;

70
rif;odcF r[l&m
rSm rD;wkwfrsm; udkifaqmifxm;onfjzpfí xifxif&Sm;&Sm; awGYjrif&av

\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]armifzdk;oma&../ wdkYq&mBuD;ajymwm rSefw,fa[h/ [dkvlpku
awmh wdkYavS tvmudk apmifhaeMuNyDa[h/ [dkrSm awGYvm;}
[kqdkojzifh armifzdk;omvnf; vSrf;íMunfvh dkuf&m wkwf? "m;?
vufeuf? rD;wkwfponf udkifaqmifxm;aom vltkyfBuD;onf acsmif;
twGif; qif;olu qif;/ acsmif;urf;yg;ESpfzufü apmifholu apmifh
jyKvkyfaeMuonfudk awGY&av\/ rsm;rMumrDü ¤if;wdkYarQmvdkufaom
avSuav;onf apmifhaeMuolrsm;qD a&muf&SdoGm;avawmh\/ xdkvlpk
onf avSudk 0dkif;vdkufMu\/ avSay:wGif wpfpHkwpfa,mufrQ ygvmonf
udk rawGYvQif atmf[pfqlnHum a'gotdk;rsm; aygufuGJavawmh\/
vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;onf urf;wpfzufodkY nTefjy\/ xdkYaMumifh vltkyf
BuD;onf vufeufrsm;udkifaqmifum wpfzufaomurf;qDodkY olYxuf
ig ul;jzwfí atmf[pfum wufoGm;Muavawmh\/ vm;rm; bkef;awmf
BuD; wpfOD;omvQif usefcJh\/ olonf ol\vltkyfBuD;udk ai;arm
Munfh½Iae\/ wjznf;jznf;a0;í jrifuGif;wGif aysmufuG,f oGm;aom
tcgusrS vmvrf;twdkif;jyefí avQmufvm\/ xdktcsdefü jrif;cGmoHrsm;
Mum;ojzifh bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYu vSrf;íMunfhvdkuf&m pae
armifarmifonf jrif;wpfaumifudk udk,fwdkifpD;vsuf tjcm;aom
jrif;ESpfaumifudkqGJvsuf vmaeaMumif;udk va&mifü xif&Sm;pGmawGY&\/
xdkYaMumifh armifzdk;omu ...
]udkbGefa[mif;a&.. usKyfwdkYudk q&mBuD;xm;cJhwJh ae&mudk jyefNyD;
apmifhaerSjzpfr,f/ tJ'Dvdkr[kwf&if q&mBuD;u usKyfwdkYudk &Smae&OD;r,f}
]b,frSroGm;eJY/ 'DrSmyJaeuG/ igwdkYq&mBuD; paearmifarmif 'Dudk
vdkufvmvdrfhr,f}

71
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufcsdefüyif paearmifarmifonf jrif;rsm;ESifhtwl

awmifukef;ay: píwufaeNyD jzpf\/ NyD;vQif ¤if;wdkYykef;aeaom opfyif
atmufodkYa&mufvmNyD;vQif tay:udkarmhrMunfhbJ ...
]uJ.. armifzdk;omESifh bGefa[mif;wdkYa&/ jrefjrefqif;Muayawmh}
[k ajymvdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u armifzdk;omtm; ...
]rif;udk igrajymbl;vm;/ wdkYq&mBuD;u csufqdk&if em;cGufu
rD;awmufwJh vlrsdK;uG}
[kajymNyD;vQif ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;onf opfyifay:u qif;um jrif;rsm;
ay:odkY wufvdkufMuavawmh\/ jrif;rsm;ay:odkY a&mufaomtcgü
armifzdk;omu ...
]q&mBuD;.. uRefawmfwdkY 'DrSm&Sdaer,fqdkwm odaew,faemf}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]'DvdkavuGm/ rif;wdkYudk igxm;cJhwJhae&m[m [dkvltkyfudk
vSrf;rjrifEdkifbl;uG/ jrifEdkifzdkYqdk&if 'Dawmifukef;ay:udk vmudk vm&r,f/
'Dhxuf jrifEdkifzdkYqdk&if 'DopfyifBuD;ay:udk taocsmqHk;ayghuGm}
[k ajymvdkufvQif awmifukef;atmufodkY jrif;rsm;jzifh qif;vdkufMu
av\/ awmifukef;atmufodkYa&mufvQif paearmifarmifu jrif;udk
Zufowfum jidrfaevdkuf\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]bmvJ q&mBuD;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
][dkvlpku acsmif;udkul;NyD; [dkbufurf;udk wufoGm;MuNyD/ igwdkY
wnf;wJhae&mu vm;rm;bkef;BuD;wpfyg;yJ 'Dbufurf;rSm usefcJhrSmuG/

72
rif;odcF r[l&m
ol[m ckavmufqdk&if wjznf;jznf; ol&JUausmif;BuD;qDudk jyefNyD;

avQmufvmaeNyD}
[k ajymvdkufcsdefyif armifzdk;omonf va&mifwGif avQmufvm
aom vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;udk jrifawGYvdkufavawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh
armifzdk;omu ...
][dkrSm q&mBuD;..[dkrSm}
[kajymvdkufavawmh\/
xdktcg paearmifarmifonf jrif;udkpD;vsuf vm;rm;bkef;MuD;\
a&SUoGm;a&mufum atmufygt"dyÜm,f&aom wdAufpum;udk ajymvdkufav
awmh\/
]wynfhawmftaeESifh 'Dvdkvkyf&wm pdwfraumif;bl;/ t&Sif
bk&m;&JUausmif;rSm wnf;cdkcJh&wJh aus;Zl;udk wynfhawmf rarhygbl;/
tJ'Dausmif;u ypönf;av;wpfckESpfckudk wynfhawmf tvdk&SdvdkY ,loGm;ygNyD/
wynfhawmfvnf; cdk;&mra&mufatmif t&Sifbk&m;taeESifh pGefYBuJvdkuf
w,fvdkYyJ oabmxm;yg/ wynfhawmf,loGm;wJh ypönf;awGudk wynfhawmf
toHk;jyKNyD;wJhtcgrSm t&Sifbk&m;qDudk wynfhawmf udk,fwdkifvmNyD; ydkYrSm
yg/ tJ'Dawmh wynfhawmf[m tydkif,lwm r[kwfygbl;/ acwå iSm;&rf;
oGm;wmyg/ wynfhawmfemrnfvnf; rod&if rSwfxm;yg/ wynfhawmf[m
paearmifarmif jzpfygw,f/ wynfhawmfudk cGifhvTwfyg bk&m;}
[kqdkum vuftkyfcsDíuefawmhNyD;vQif a&SUrS jrif;udk uqkefpdkif;
oGm;avawmh\/ xdkaMumifh armifzdk;omESifh bGefa[mif;wdkYvnf; jrif;udk
uqkefpdkif;í vdkufygoGm;Muavawmh\/ vm;rm;bkef;BuD;url ¤if;wdkY\
aemufausmudkMunfhí av;eufaomt"dyÜm,fjzifh jyHK;vdkufavawmh
ownf;/

73
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (7)
rD;cdk;<uufavQmuf
paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf &efola0;&modkY a&mufaomtcg

jrif;udk t&SdefavQmhí cGmav;zufcs pD;oGm;avawmh\/ tawmftwef
c&D;aygufaomtcgü armifzdk;omu ...
]udkbGefa[mif;a&}
[k ac:vdkuf&m ...
]qmw,fvdkY ajymrvdkY r[kwfvm;}
[k bGefa[mif;u jyefíar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omonf
uodoatmuf jzpfoGm;&av\/

74
rif;odcF r[l&m
]cifAsm;u ae&mwum odaewmyJ/ udkzdk;odvdkY emrnfay;

vdkufygvm;}
[k armifzdk;omu jyefajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]udkzdk;odvdkY rajymif;awmhygbl;uGm/ rif;u zdk;om? igu zdk;od
qdk&if nDtudkvdkY xifaeygOD;r,f}
[k jyefíajymav\/
]nDtpfudkxifawmh bmjzpfvJ udkbGefa[mif;&,f../ cifAsm;tzdkY
emzdkY&SdvdkYvm;}
[k armifzdk;omu jyefíajymav\/ rif;u jrefrm½kyf? igu
w½kwf rsufESm/ tJ'gudk nDtpfudk awmfw,fvdkY wpfpkHwpfa,mufu
xifoGm;wmeJY wdkYtar[m vifESpfa,muf ,lzl;w,fvdkY xifoGm;r,fuG}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...
]cifAsm; pOf;pm;wmuvnf; &Snfvsm;vScsnfvm;Asm}
]igu awG;vdkY&Sd&if rD;cdk;0ufavQmuf awG;wwfw,f}
[k jyefajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omu ...
]cifAsm; r[kwfu[kwfuawG rajymeJY/ jrefrmpum;rSm rD;cdk;
<uufavQmufvdkYyJ &Sdw,f/ b,fu 0ufu a&mufvm&wmwHk;}
[kjyefíajymvdkufav\/ bGefa[mif;onf w[m;[m;&,fav\/
xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;u ...
]igajymwmudkr,Hk&if a[m'D q&mBuD;paearmifarmifudk ar;
Munfh/ igajymwm rSefvm;? rif;ajymwm rSefovm;qdkwm q&mBuD;
paearmifarmif qHk;jzwfvdrfhr,f/ rif;udk igwpfckajymr,f/ rD;cdk;wef;

75
rif;odcF r[l&m
twdkif; avQmufvmwJh<uufudk rif; b,fESpfcg awGYzl;ovJ/ at;..

rSwfxm;zdkYu aoewfeJY ypfzl;wJh rkqdk;wdkif; olwdkY odw,fuG/ olwdkYudk
ar;Munfh/ awm0ufudk aoewfeYJypfwdkif; awm0uf[m aoewfuxGufwJh
rD;ckd;wef;&SdwJhqDudk wpfcgwnf;avQmufvmNyD; yufxnfhvdkufwmyJ? tJ'g
aMumifh awm0ufudkypfwdkif; tumtuG,f,lNyD;rS ypf&w,fuG/ 'gaMumifh
wdkYjrefrmpum;rSm rD;cdk;0ufavQmufvdkY ajymwmuG/ 'gayrJh wcsKdU ewf
udk;uG,fwJhvlawGu 0ufqdkwJhpum;udk olwdkYtdrfawGrSm roHk;csifbl;uGm/
tJ'Dawmh 0ufqdkwJhae&mrSm <uufqdkwJhpum;udk tpm;xdk;oHk;&muaeNyD;
rD;cdk;<uufavQmuf jzpfoGm;wmuG}
[k ajymvdkufvQif ...
armifzdk;omonf r,Hkwpf0uf,Hkwpf0uf jzpfaeaomaMumifh pae
armifarmifbufodkY vSnfhum ...
]q&mBuD;.../ udkbGefa[mif;ajymwm t[kwfyJvm;}
]]trSefu 'Dvdkr[kwfbl; xifw,fuG/ ightbGm;&Sdwkef;u
rD;zdkxJrSm rD;cdk;awG tlxGufae&if ][Jh ... rD;cdk;zufajcmufawG rvkyfMueJY}
vdkY ajymw,fuG/ xif; rxnfhbJeJY zufajcmufawG xnfh&if rD;cdk;awG
odyfxGufw,fuG/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY rD;cdk;eJY zufajcmufeJY oHk;xm;wJh
pum;uG/ rD;cdk;awG odyfxGufw,f/ zufajcmufawG odyfrxnfheJY/
xif;yJxnfhvdkY ajymwmuG}}
[k ajymvdkufav&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]rSwfNyDvm;/ rif; igeJYwifajym&if enf;enf;oufomOD;r,f/ rif;
<uufeJY ig0ufu t&G,fcsif;rwlayr,fh cyfqifqif&Sdao;w,f/ tckawmh
q&mBuD;paearmifarmifvnf; ygvma&m rif; <uufvnf; oGm;jyD;/ igh

76
rif;odcF r[l&m
0ufvnf; oGm;NyD/ tck zufu a&mufvmNyDuG/ igjzifh wpfcgrS

rMum;zl;bl;uG/ rif;,Hkcsif,Hk? r,Hkcsifae/ iguawmh r,Hkbl;uG}
[k ajymvdkuf&m paearmifarmifu jyHK;av\/ bGefa[mif;onf
paearmifarmifudk vSrf;íMunfhNyD;aemuf ...
]q&mBuD; ... wpfnvHk;vnf; bmrSrpm;&ao;bl;/ jrif;pD;vmwJh
c&D;uvnf; awmfawmf a0;vmNyDaemf/ awmfawmfhudk qmaeNyD}
[k ajymvdkufvQif q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu ...
][dka&SUu awmtkyfxJa&muf&if t&dyftm0go aumif;aumif;
awGYNyD/ tJ'DrSm wpfa&;wpfarm tdyfMuwmaygh}
[k ajymvdkufojzifh bGefa[mif;u ...
]q&mBuD; ... AdkufqmaeNyDvdkY ajymwm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ paearmifarmifu ...
]rodbl;av bGefa[mif;&JU/ qmaeawmh b,fvdk vkyfcsifvdkYwHk;}
]pm;csifwmaygh q&mBuD;&,f/ qmaewm b,fvdk vkyfcsif&rSmwHk;}
[k bGefa[mif;u jyefíajymvdkufvQif paearmifarmifu jyHK;av
\/
]a[m[dk awmtkyfav;us&if auR;yghr,f/ a[m'DrSm &du©mawG yg
ygw,f}
xdkYaemufwGifum; ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf awmpyfodkYta&muf jrif;pD;
oGm;av\/ awmpyfodkYa&mufvQif acwåpcef;csNyD;aemuf bGefa[mif;u

77
rif;odcF r[l&m
a&udk &Sm&av\/ armifzdk;omu rD;arT;&av\/ q&mBuD;paearmifarmif

url &du©mrsm;udk xkwfay;&av\/ NyD;vQif ¤if;wdkY oHk;OD;om;onf
Nrdef&SufpGm pm;aomufMuav\/ xrif;pm;NyD;aomtcgü wpfa,muf
wpfvSnfh uif;apmifhum wpfa&;wpfarm tdyfMuav\/ q&mBuD;
paearmifarmif uif;apmifhtvSnfhodkY a&mufaomtcgü q&mBuD;onf
jrif;rsm;udk tpmauR;\/ a&wdkuf\/ bGefa[mif; uif;apmifhaom
tvSnfhüvnf; ygvmaom&du©mypönf;rsm;udk jyefvnfxkyfydk;í tjcm;
ypönf;rsm;udk aeom;wus uspfuspfvspfvspfjzpfatmif xkyfydk;\/
armifzdk;om tvSnfhürl armifzdk;omonf uif;udkom apmifh\/ tjcm;
rnfonfhtvkyfudkrQ rvkyfay/ xdkYaMumifh bGefa[mif;u ...
]q&mBuD;paearmifarmif uif;uswJhtvSnfhrSmvnf; jrif;awGudk
tpmauR;w,f/ a&wdkufw,f/ ig uif;uswJhtvSnfhrSmvnf; &du©mawGudk
xkyfydk;w,f/ tjcm;ypönf;awGudk uspfuspfvspfvspfjzpfatmif jyefNyD;
xkyfw,f/ rif; uif;uswJhtvSnfhusawmh bmrSrvkyfbJ 'Dtwdkif; xdkifae
wmudkMunfh&if rif;[m vlysif;wpfa,mufqdkwm aocsmw,f/ bmrSvnf;
wm0efr,lcsifbl;qdkwm aocsmw,f/ 'Dtwdkif;om qufNyD;oGm;r,fqdk&if
rif;[m c&D;azmfaumif;wpfa,muf r[kwfbl;/ 'DtusifhawGudk jyifyg/
Mumvm&if rif;[m a,mufsm;b0uae a&GUavQmoGm;vdrfhr,f}
[k qHk;rav\/ oHk;a,mufpvHk; wpfa&;wpfarm tdyfMuNyD;aom
tcgü xdkawmtkyftwdkif; c&D;qufcJhMuavawmh\/
vltkyfuGJNyD
þodkYESifhyif ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf wa&GUa&GU xGufvmcJhMuav\/

awmtkyfBuD;ESpfcktm; jzwfausmfcJhMuNyD; jzpf\/ awmifukef;BuD; oHk;ukef;
tm;vnf; jzwfausmfcJhMuNyD; jzpf\/ xdktcgü paearmifarmifu ...

78
rif;odcF r[l&m
]uJ..udk,fhvlwdkYESpfa,mufudk ajym&OD;r,f/ vlawGvnf; EGrf;aeMu

NyD/ pD;vmwJh jrif;awGvnf; yef;aeMuNyD/ bmyJjzpfjzpf 'Dae&mrSm
&ufawmfawmfav; em;NyD;rS c&D;qufoGm;Mu&atmif}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaMumifh ¤if;odkYoHk;OD;onf ausmuf*lwpfcktwGif;ü 0ifa&mufí
ae&m,lMuav\/ xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifonf ajryHkudkzGifhí rdrdwdkY
oGm;&rnfhc&D;udk Munfhum c&D;tuGmta0;ESifh pm;eyf&du©mudk wGufcsuf
av\/ bGefa[mif;rSmrl paearmifarmif\ wm0efay;csuft& awmaumif
rsm;ypfcwf&eftwGuf xGufoGm;avawmh\/ bGefa[mif;onf teD;qHk;&Gm
wpf&Gmudk &SmazG\/ xdk&Gmonf jA[®ykwå&jrpfvufwufteD; wnf&Sdaom
&Gm jzpf\/ xdk&GmrSm bmompum;oHk;rsdK; ajym\/ wdAufpum;? eDayg
pum;ESifh w½kwfpum;wdkYjzpf\/ bGefa[mif;onf w½kwpf um;trsdK;rsdK;udk
wwfuRrf;onfjzpf&m qufoG,f&ef tvGefvG,fulonf jzpf\/ xdkYaemuf
rkqdk;BuD;wpfOD;\ tultnDjzifh awmifqdwfrsm;? t&yftac: tarG;&Snf
EGm;rsm;udk ypfcwf&eftwGuf awmifwef;wpfckay:odkY wufoGm;Muav
awmh\/ oHk;&ufcefYMumaomtcgü awmifqdwf? Muufuifrsm;? tarG;&Snf
trJom;uifrsm; &&Sdvmav\/ xdkYtjyif xdk&GmrS qefteDrsm;udkvnf;
0,f,lvmcJhav\/ ¤if;wdkY cdkatmif;wnf;cdk&m ausmuf*lBuD;odkYa&mufvQif
paearmifarmifonf bGefa[mif; o,fvmaom&du©mrsm;udk ppfaq;\/
bGefa[mif;tm; ...
]a[h.. bGefa[mif;/ rif;,lvmwJhypönf;xJrSm t"duypönf; usefae
w,f/ tJ'g bmvJqdkawmh MuufoGefjzLyJuG/ 'Dbufu awmifwef;awG
[m tvGefjrifhw,f/ MuufoGefjzLrygbJ c&D;oGm;wJhtcgrSm odyfNyD; pdk;&drf
&w,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh awmifwef;ay:rSm vlwpfa,muf[m
vrf;avQmufae&if bmrSrodombl;/ vm;eYJ? jrif;eYJc&D;oGm;&ifvnf;
rodombl;/ c&D;oGm;&if; ajrjyifrSm xdkifvdkuf&if umbGef"mwfwpfrsdK;[m

79
rif;odcF r[l&m
ajrjyifu ESpfawmifavmufrSm &Sdaew,f/ tJ'Dawmh ajrjyifrSm xdkifvdkuf

rdwmeYJ tJ'D umbGef"mwf½SLrdNyD; bkef;ceJ vJusoGm;Edkifw,f/ rdepf
tenf;i,ftwGif;rSm aooGm;Edkifw,f/ MuufoGefjzL yvkyfyavmif;
pm;xm;&if rodombl;/ tJ'Dawmh bGefa[mif;taeeJY MuufoGefjzL
oGm;&Smacs/ rif; tcka&mufcJhwJh&Gmudkawmh r0ifeJYawmh/ wjcm;&Gmudk
oGm;&Smacs/
[k apcdkif;vdkuf\/
bGefa[mif;vnf; ¤if;\ypönf;rsm;udk csrQyif rcs&bJ MuufoGef
jzL&Sm&ef xGufoGm;&av\/ bGefa[mif;xGufoGm;NyD; oHk;em&DcefYMumaom
tcgwGif paearmifarmifonf tdyfaeaom armifzdk;omudk ...
]armifzdk;om..xawmh/ wdkYudkowfzdkY vlawG vdkufvmNyD}
[kqdkum &wwforQaom ypönf;rsm;udk qGJí vdkPf*l tjyifbuf
odkY xGufav\/ tjyifbufa&mufvQif awmifurf;yg;,Hwpfckudk ywfí
wufvmaom vltkyfBuD;udk awmifukef;rsm;Mum;rS 0dk;w0g;awmh jrif&
av\/ paearmifarmifonf vltkyfBuD;udk vSrf;MunfhNyD;aemuf ¤if;\
tdwftwGif;rS t0wfeDwpfckudkxkwfum a0SY&rf;íjyav\/ vltkyfBuD;onf
ta0;qDrS paearmifarmif vIyf&rf;jyaom t0wfeDudk vSrf;arQmfMunfh½I
awGYjrifoGm;Muavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifu armifzdk;omtm;...
]armifzdk;oma&.. igwdkY jrif;awGudk a[m[dk awmifapmif;bufqDudk
qGJoGm;uG/ wdkY&JU &efoluawmh olwdkY&JU aemufausmudk jyefuyfrSjzpfr,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaMumifh armifzdk;omvnf; jrif;ESpfaumifESifh ypönf;rsm;udk
o,fydk;um tjcm;wpfzuf&Sd awmif\ qifajcavsmtwdkif; avQmufoGm;
av\/ rsm;rMumrDrSmyif paearmifarmifonf armifzdk;omxHodkY &mufvm
NyD;vQif ...

80
rif;odcF r[l&m
]armifzdk;oma&.. jrif;ay: wufawmh}

[k ajymqdkum ¤if;udk,fwdkif jrif;ay: vTm;ceJ wufvdkufNyD;vQif
uqkwfaygufí xGufoGm;av\/ armifzdk;omvnf; ¤if;\aemufrS
jrif;ESifh vdkufygoGm;&av\/ txufygtjzpftysufrsm; jzpfysufNyD;
ESpf&ufcefYtMumü bGefa[mif;onf MuufoGefjzLtdwfudkxrf;í awmifay:
odkY wufvmav\/ awmifudkywfí wufoGm;aomvrf;wGif rsm;pGmaom
vlwdkY\ ajc&mudkawGYvQif ¤if;\ q&mBuD;paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;om
wdkYonf ¤if;wdkY ae&mwGif &Sdawmhrnfr[kwf[k wGufqrdvdkufonfh
tavsmuf a&SUodkYrwufawmhbJ vmvrf;twdkif; qkwfcJhav\/
xdktcsdefrSpí bGefa[mif;onf paearmifarmifwYdkESifh vltkyfuGJoGm;av
awmh\/
aoapnGef;a&mhovm;
paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;omonf &efolrsm;\ aemufausmodkY

a&muf&SdoGm;NyDjzpf\/ odkY&mwGif ¤if;wdkY\wm0efrSm bGefa[mif;ESifh
tjrefqHk;awGY&ef jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkawmifajc&Sd &Gmrsm;tm;vHk;udk
0ifa&mufum bGefa[mif;\ owif;tpteudk pHkprf;av\/ aemufqHk;ü
MuufoGefjzL 0,fcJhaom&GmodkY a&muf&SdoGm;\/ xdk&GmrS bGefa[mif;onf
MuufoGefjzL tdwfi,fESpftdwfudk xrf;í ajrmufbufpl;pl;odkY xGufoGm;
aMumif; owif;ay;av\/ paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;omonf ¤if;wdkY
nTefjyaom ajrmufbufpl;pl;odkY wef;wef;rwfrwf vdkufcJhMuav\/
awmtkyf wpftkyfudk awGY\/ paearmifarmifwdkYonf xdkawmtkyf
twGif;odkY 0ifMuav\/ awmtkyf\ tv,fodkYa&mufvQif vm;rm;
bkef;awmfBuD;udk vSrf;íjrifawGY&av\/ xdktcgü paearmifarmifu
armifzdk;omtm; ...

81
rif;odcF r[l&m
]armifzdk;oma&..'Dwpfcgawmh toufeJYudk,f tdk;pm;uGJNyDeYJwlyg&JU}

]'Dbkef;BuD;wpfyg;wnf; uRefawmfwdkY vGwfatmif ajy;Edkifygw,f}
[k jyefíajymav\/
]r[kwfbl; armif;zdk;om&JU/ 'D vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD; xdkifaeyHku
odyfNyD;ydkifEdkifwJh oabmygw,f/ olYvlawG wdkYudk 0dkif;xm;wJh oabm
ygw,f}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufonfhtcg pum;rqHk;rDüyif
csKHzkwfrsm;? ausmufwHk;rsm;\ aemufuG,frS 'l;av;rsm;? vifhav;rsm;?
wlrD;aoewfrsm; udkifwG,fum vltkyfBuD;onf bGm;ceJ ay:vmavwmh\/
xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;omtm;jrif;ay:rS qGJícsum vuf
rsm;udk qefYwef;apNyD; 0g;vHk;rsm;jzifh yl;ícsnfum zrf;qD;oGm;&müvnf;
at;at;aq;aq; zrf;oGm;onfr[kwf/ MumyGwform;wpfOD;u w&Trf;&Trf;
½dkufí oGm;av\/ wpfcsuf½dkufwdkif; armifzdk;omu ]tr,fav;} [k
atmfav\/ xdk ]tr,fav;} [laom pum;tm; tBuD;tuJu t"dyÜm,f
odvdkonfqdkum paearmifarmiftm; bmomjyefcdkif;\/ xdktcg pae
armifarmifu trSeftwdkif; bmomjyefray;bJ ]rif;wdkYudk qJwm} [lí
ajymvdkufaomaMumifh tBuD;tuJvkyfolonf vGefpGm a'goxGufoGm;onfh
tavsmuf armifzdk;om wpfOD;wnf;udkom zdí ½dkufESufavawmh\/ ½dkuf
vdkufwdkif;vnf; armifzdk;omonf ]tr,fav;} [k atmfav\/ xdkYaemuf
¤if;wdkYtm; awmifurf;yg;,HwpfckwGif csnfaESmifxm;av\/ armifzdk;om
onf vGefpGm aMumuf&GHaeonfhtavsmuf paearmifarmiftm; ...
]q&mBuD;.. uRefawmfwdkYudk owfawmhr,fxifw,f}
[k ar;vdkuf&m paearmifarmifu ...

82
rif;odcF r[l&m
]'DaeYawmh rowfao;bl;uG/ pdwfcsvufcsae}

[k jyefíajymvdkufav\/ armifzdk;omonf paearmifarmif\
pum;udk ,HkMunfrI r&Sdao;bJ ...
]q&mBuD;...bmudMk unfNh yD; ajymwmvJ}
[k jyefar;vQif paearmifarmifu ...
][dkrSm vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD; &Sdaeao;w,favuGm/ tJ'D
bkef;awmfBuD; <uoGm;&ifawmh wdkYESpfa,mufu aocsmNyD}
[k ajymav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]olYaMumifh...olYaMumifh..}
[k nnf;nLav\/
]b,foYlaMumifhvJ armifzdk;om&JU}
[k paearmifarmifu ar;vdkufav\/
]'Dvdkyg q&mBuD;&,f/ uRefawmfh[m uRefawmf ausmif;wufae&if
taumif;om;/ rtlukef;taygifqdkifu taygif;qHk;ypönf; avvHypfwJh
tcgrSm r[l&mwHk;eJYwlwJh ausmufwHk;av;udk avvHqGJrd&mutp tck
toufqHk;wJhtxd jzpf&awmhr,f}
[k armifzdk;omu 0rf;enf;wBuD;ajymvdku&f m paearmifarmifu...
]rif;&JU r[l&mwHk;uav;[m rif;&JU aorif; jzpfoGm;NyD;aygh/ tJ'D
ausmufwHk;uav;udk r[l&maorif;vdkYawmif ac:oifhw,fuG/ odyfvnf;
0rf;enf;raeeJYuGm/ 'DaumifawG owf&if wpfcsufwnf;eJY vufpwHk;
atmif vkyfMurSmyg/ odyfNyD;a0'emcHpm;zdkY r&Sdygbl;}

83
rif;odcF r[l&m
]aoawmhaorSmyJ r[kwfvm; q&mBuD;}

[k ar;vdkufav\/
]'Dtwdkif;qdk&ifawmh vGwfvrf;r&Sdbl;/ 'gayrJh igwpfckawmh
pOf;pm; Munfhw,fuG/ 'DaumifawGvlpk[m igwdkYudk"m;awG? vSHawGeJY
owfrSm r[kwfbl;/ bkef;BuD; jyef<uoGm;NyD;wmeJY wpfjydKifeuf igwdkYudk
'Dae&mrSm 'Dtwdkif; xm;cJhrSmuG/ 'Dae&m[m vlolta&muftayguf
enf;wmeJY rif;a&m iga&m tpmiwf a&iwfjzpfNyD; ao&rSm/ 'grSr[kwf
&if 'Da'orSmu odef;iSufBuD;awG &Sdw,fuG/ EIwfoD;awGuvnf;
cRefcRefaumufaumufBuD;awG/ wdkYudkvmNyD; xdk;qGvdrfhr,f/ wdkYu bmrS
jyefrvkyfEdkif&if qufwdkufvmNyD; xdk;r,f/ tlawG? rsufvHk;awGxGufvm&if
olwdkYajcaxmufBuD;awGeJY ukwfNyD; qGJxkwfoGm;vdrfhr,f/ tJ'D enf;eJY
r½IrvS ao&vdrfhr,f/ rif; 'ku©jzpfaewmudk igu jrifae&NyD; igu
b,fvdkrS tultnDray;Edkifwmudk cGifhvGwfzdkY ckuwnf;u BudKNyD;
awmif;yefxm;r,f armifzdk;oma&}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omonf csKH;yGJcsí
idkavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifonf jidrfí aeav\/
armifzdk;omrSmrl auseyfatmif idkNyD;aemuf ...
]q&mBuD;..bmawG pdwful;aewmvJ}
[kar;&m paearmifarmifu ...
]'Dtcsdef[m ESpfcsufxdk;avmufNyD;uG/ vufzuf&nfaomufwJh
tcsdefyJ/ vpfywef vufzufajcmufudk EdkYpdrf; EdkifEdkifeYJ azsmfxm;wJh
vufzuf&nf wpfcGufavmufaomufNyD; pD;u&ufwpfvdyfavmuf cJvdkuf&
&if aumif;r,fvdkY pdwful;aewm}
[k jyefíajzvdkufvQif armifzdk;omu ...

84
rif;odcF r[l&m
]q&mBuD;ES,fAsm/ aozdkYudpöudk pdwfrul;bl;/ b,fhES,f vpfywef

vufzuf&nf pdwful;ae&wmwHk;}
[k rauseyfaomavoHjzifh jyefíajymvdkufav\/
]armifzdk;om&,f...aozdkYudpöu pdwful;zdkY rvdkygbl;/ tvdkvdk
a&mufvmrSmyg}
[k paearmifarmifu jyefajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omu wpfpHk
wpf&m jyefrajymbJ jidrfíaeav\/ xdktcsdefrSmyif vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;
tm; vltrsm;u xdkifí&Sdcdk;aeonfudk paearmifarmifu awGYjrifoGm;
av\/ xdkYaMumifh ....
]armifzdk;oma&... q&mawmfudkawmh 0dkif;zl;aeMuNyD/ q&mawmfBuD;
awmh jyefNyD;<uawmhr,f xifw,f}
aevHk;BuD;onf wjznf;jznf;aysmufuG,foGm;av\/ tat;"mwf
onf ydkívm\/ armifzdk;omrSm csrf;at;vGef;ojzifh nnf;ae\/ xdktcg
paearmifarmifu ...
]cktcgrSm a&csdK;cef;aumif;aumif;rSm a&cJa&av;? vyfqyfjym
uav;eJY a&csdK;&&if aumif;r,fxifw,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omonf vGefpGmpdwfqdk;oGm;av\/

85
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (8)
qdyfurf;NrKdUodkYt0if
]r[kwfwmyJ q&mBuD;&,f/ 'Davmuf csrf;aewm/ a&cJa&eYJ

a&csdK;&r,fvdkYAsm}
]csrf;w,f..[kwfvm;/ igjzifh tdkufvdkYuGm/ wpfudk,fvHk; ylpyf
ylavmifBuD; jzpfaew,f}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufjyef&m armifzdk;omu ...
]r[kwfwmawG uRefawmfhudk rajymygeJY q&mBuD;&m}
[k qdkav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...

86
rif;odcF r[l&m
]a[h... armifzdk;om/ rSefrSefajymprf;/ rif; ighudk pdwfqdk;aew,f

r[kwfvm;}
][kwfuJY}
[k jyefíajzav\/
]tJ'Dvdk pdwfqdk;awmh tom;awG ylvmw,fuG/ tcsrf;
oufomoGm;wmayghuGm/ bmyJjzpfjzpf aozdkYudk rpOf;pm;eJYuG/ acgif;xJrSm
aow,fqdkwJh pum;vHk;udk xnfhudk rxm;eJY}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]tJ'g aumif;w,f q&mBuD;/ acgif;xJrSm &SifwmyJ xm;&r,f/
b,fvdk &SifrvJqdkwmyJ pdwful;&r,f}
[k tm;wufoa&majymvdkufav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]tJ'Dvdkvnf; rxm;eYJuG/ acgif;xJrSm &Sifw,fqdkwmudkyg xkwf
xm;vdkuf/ aowmvnf;r&Sdbl;/ vkyfp&m&SdwmyJ vkyfaewm &Sd&r,f/
aojcif;[m udk,feJY ryufoufbl;/ aorif;twGuf xm;vdkuf/ udk,feJY
yufoufwmu vkyfp&m&Sdwm vkyfaezdkYyJ}
]q&mBuD;&,f.. q&mBuD;eJY uRefawmfeJYu tck bmvkyfzdkY&SdvdkYvJ}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]bmrSvkyfp&mr&Sd&if oDcsif;atmfqdkr,fuGm/ tcsrf;ajywmaygh}
[k paearmifrmifu ajymvdkufvQifarmifzdk;omu oabmwlav
\/ xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;omonf oDcsif;qdkMuav\/
paearmifarmifu wpfyk'fqdk\/ armifzdk;omu ol &aomoDcsif;udk

87
rif;odcF r[l&m
atmfqdkav\/ xdkaMumifh qlnHí aeavawmh\/ þodkESifhyif rdk;pkyfpkyf

csKyfí oGm;avawmh\/ ESif;rsm;vnf; usvm\/ vrdkuf&uf jzpfaom
aMumifh aumif;uifwGif Mu,frsm;\ta&mifom &Sdaeawmh\/ xdktcsdefü
acG;tloHudk Mum;&\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]acG;awG tlaeNyD q&mBuD;&JU}
[kajymvQif paearmifarmifu ...
]acG;r[kwfbl; ighvla&/ awm&Gma'oawGrSm cJaygifvdkYac:wJh
acG;t awGuG/ tJ'D acG;t tkyfeJYawGY&if qifawmifrcHEdkifbl; ighvla&/
tom;awG wpfpcsif; zJhpm;wmuG/ 'Dtaumifudk armif;wkef;
[dktaumifu 0ifudkufwm/ Mumawmh bkef;bkef;vJawmhwmyJa[h}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ acG;t rsm;\a[mifoHonf wjznf;jznf;
a0;onfxufa0;í oGm;avawmh\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]acG;t awG a0;oGm;NyD q&mBuD;&JU}
[k ajymav\/
]rylygeJY ighvl&m/ acG;t awG oGm;NyD;&if ajracG;awG a&mufvm
wwfw,f/ acG;t pm;vdkYusefwJh taumifudk ajracG;u xyfNyD;pm;w,fuG/
ajracG;qdkwJhaumifu tacsmiform;yJuG}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymav\/
]'Dvdkqdkvnf; jrefjrefrdk;vif;rSyJ aumif;awmhrSmaygh q&mBuD;&JU}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkuf&m ...
]rdk;vif;&ifvnf; wdkYudk xdk;azmufpm;r,fh odef;iSuBf uD;awG
vmvdrfhr,fuG/ uJyguGm tJ'gawGavQmufNyD; rawG;jzpfatmif oDcsif;
xyfNyD; qdkwmaygh}

88
rif;odcF r[l&m
[kajymum paearmifarmifu armifzdk;omtm; oDcsif;xyfqdk

cdkif;av\/ ¤if;u yg;pyfqdkif;wD;í ay;av\/ xdktcsdefürSmyif ¤if;wdkY
teD;odkY wpfpHkwpfa,muf ukef;ukef; ukef;ukef;ESifh a&mufvmonfudk
armifzdk;omu jrifNyD; vefYíatmfav\/ xdkodkYatmfonfudk xdk ukef;ukef;
ukef;ukef;ESifhvmaom wpfpHkwpfa,mufu ...
]a[h... armifzdk;om/ atmf raeeJY/ igu,frS rif;wdkYESpfa,muf
vGwfrSm}
[k udkbGefa[mif;u atmfajymojzifh armifzdk;omonf vGefpGmrS
0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfoGm;avawmh\/
]atmifrav;...cifAsm;udk usKyfjzifh arhaevdkufwmAsm/ q&mBuD;a&
aorSmraMumufawmhbl;AsdKU}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkuf&m paearmifarmifu oabmusvGef;
í w[m;[m; &,fvdkufavawm\/ NyD;vQif ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;om;onf
avuG,f&mü bGefa[mif;0,fvmaom pm;p&m aomufp&mrsm;udk
pm;aomufMuav\/ a&bl;udkzGifhí aomufMuav\/ NyD;vQif ¤if;wdkY
oHk;OD;om;onf Mu,fa&mifudktm;udk;í c&D;udkqufcJhMu&m &Gmwpf&GmodkY
a&mufav\/ xdk&GmodkYa&mufvQif vdktyfaomypönf;rsm;ESifh jrif;rsm;udk
xyfrH 0,f,l&\/ bGefa[mif;pD;vmaomjrif;rSmvnf; ajcaxmufemaeNyD
jzpf\/ paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;om\ jrif;rsm;udrk l xdkvlpku qGJoGm;
MuNyD jzpf\/ jrif;rsm;0,f,lNyD;aomtcgü c&D;qufcJhMuavawmh\/
vrf;wGif armifzdk;omu ...
]udkbGefa[mif;u uRefawmfwdkYudk b,fvdkvkyfNyD; &SmovJ}
[kar;&m ...

89
rif;odcF r[l&m
]'Dtwdkif;awmh r&SmEdkifygbl;uGm/ rif;wdkYu oDcsif;atmfqdkaeawmh

toHoJhoJhMum;&mudk vdkuf&wmuG/ rif;wdkYoDcsif;[m awmfawmfwefzdk;
&Sdw,f/ rif;wdkYtoufudk u,fwmyJ}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymvdkufav\/ ¤if;wdkYonf txufu
qdkcJhonfhtwdkif; pum;wajymajymESifh c&D;ESifcJhMuav\/ awmifwef;BuD;
wpfckudk eHeufrdk;vif;cgeD;wGif pwifjzwfoef;&\/ awmifay: rwufrDü
awmifajcwGif bGefa[mif;0,fcJhaom aumufn§if;aygif;udk tom;ajcmuf
wpfckjzifh pm;aomufí awmifwef;BuD;ay:odkY pwifwufcJh\/ eHeuf
q,fem&Dxdk;onftxd aeryGifhao;bJ ESif;rsm;om tHkYqdkif;ae\/ nae
ESpfem&Dxdk;rSyif ESif;rsm; aysmufvGifhoGm;NyD; aea&mifudkawGY&\/ xdktcg
bGefa[mif;u armifzdk;omtm; ...
]a[h.. armifzdk;om/ aexGufNyDuG/ taemufbufu aexGufwm
rif;awGY&NyD r[kwfvm;}
[k usDpm;vdkufav\/
armifzdk;omuvnf; ...
]tJ'g aexGufwmr[kwfbl; udkbGefa[mif;a&/ ae0ifawmhrSm/
tck ESpfcsufxdk;aeNyD}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf twefi,foGm;rdaomtcgü ausmufwHk;\ab;wGif cyf
auG;auG; yHkoP²meftwdkif;&Sdaom t½dk;pkwpfckudkjrifvQif bGefa[mif;u
armifzdk;omtm; ...
]a[h.. armifzdk;om/ [dkrSm cyfauG;auG;av; t½dk;pkyHkoP²mefudk
awGYw,fr[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dvl bmjzpfvdkY aowmvJ}
[k ar;vdkufav\/

90
rif;odcF r[l&m
]c&D;onfjzpfr,fAs/ c&D;oGm;&if; tzsm;wufvmr,f/ tJ'gaMumifh

avuG,fwJhausmufwHk;ab; oGm;vSJaewkef; toufxGufwmAs}
]r[kwfbl; ighvla&/ awmifay:rSm wpfcgwav umbGefepf
tufqpf"mwfaiGYawG[m ysHUNyD;wufaew,f/ tJ'D"mwfaiGY[m aygifv,f
avmufxd awmifay: ajrjyifuae tay:udk wufavh&Sdw,f/ vl
wpfa,muf[m jrif;ay:u jzpfjzpf? vm;ay:u jzpfjzpf qif;NyD; xdkifvdkuf
wmeYJ tJ'D"mwfaiGYudk ½SLrdawmhwmyJ/ tJ'DtcgrSmyJ 'Dvl[m owd
vpfoGm;NyD; vJuswwfw,f/ tJ'geYJ tJ'D"mwfaiGYudk qufum qufum
½SLrdawmhwmyJ/ tJ'DvdkeJY toufaysmuf&awmhwmyJ/ tJ'gaMumifh
awmifay: c&D;oGm;&if udk,fpD;xm;wJh jrif;awG? vm;awGay:u rqif;
&bl;/ qif;rd&ifvnf; rxdkif&bl;uG/ NyD;awmh udk,fpD;wJh jrif;udkyJ jzpfjzpf?
vm;udkyJ jzpfjzpf cyfarmharmhuav;aeatmif ZufBudK;udk cyfwif;wif;av;
qGJNyD; pD;&w,f}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajym&m armifzdk;omu ...
]udkbGefa[mif;.. ½I;½I;aygufzdkYawmh jrif;ay:u qif;&rSmaygh/
rqif;vdkY r&bl;}
]qif;awmh qif;ayghuGm/ rxdkifeJYaygh/ igajymwm &Sif;ygw,f/
awmifay:c&D;oGm;&if 'Dudpöudk ta&;BuD;vdkY rif;udkowday;wm q&mBuD;
wpfcg? igwpfcg 'gygeJYqdk&if rif;udk owday;wm ESpfcg&SdNyD/ tJ'g
em;raxmifvdkY armifzdk;omqdkwJh aumifav;wpfaumif aooGm;&if
igwdkYrSm wm0efr&Sdygbl;/ rif;&JUa0pkudk igeJY q&mBuD;paearmifarmif
cGJNyD;,lvdkuf½HkygyJ}

91
rif;odcF r[l&m
]'DrSm udkbGefa[mif;.../ pdwfrqdk;eJYaemf/ uRefawmf wpfckar;r,f/

&wemodkufxJu &wemawGudk &r,fvdkY cifAsm; ,HkMunfwkef;yJvm;}
]'Dvdkqdk rif;udk jyefNyD;ar;r,f/ rif;aum ,HkMunfwkef;yJvm;}
[k bGefa[mif;u jyefíar;vdkufvQif ...
]pdwfrqdk;eJYaemf udkbGefa[mif;/ uRefawmfawmh r,Hkawmhbl;/
&wemypönf; rqdkxm;eJY/ tJ'Dypönf;awG&SdwJh ae&mudkawmif a&mufvdrfh
r,fawmif uRefawmf rxifawmhbl;}
[k armifzdk;omu jyefajymvdkufav\/
]igawmh ,Hkw,f/ tJ'Dypönf;awGudk igwdkY rkcs&r,f}
[k bGefa[mif;u jyefíajymvdkufav\/ xkdtcg armifzdk;omu...
]b,fvdktaMumif;aMumifh cifAsm;u ,Hk&wmvJ}
[k xyfíar;vdkufav\/
]paearmifarmifqdkwJh igwdkYq&mBuD;udk igu odyfNyD;,Hkwm/
'DvlBuD;vkyf&if r&wm bmrSr&Sdbl;/ oleJYig wGJvmwm MumNyD/
atmifjrifwm csnf;yJ/ 'gayrJh ratmifjrifcifMum;rSmawmh ajy;&vTm;&
wmawG &SdwmayghuGm/ 'gayrJh aemufqHk;rSmawmh atmifjrifwmcsnf;yJ}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymav\/
]cifAsm;uawmh q&mBuD;paearmifarmiftay:rSm taoudk ,Hkxm;
wmyJ/ 'ku©a&mufwJhtcgrSm cifAsm;wdkY? usKyfwdkYudkypfNyD; xGufrajy;
Edkifbl;vdkY tmrcHEdkifyghrvm;}

92
rif;odcF r[l&m
]tmrcHEdkifwmayghuGm/ paearmifarmif[m rif;xifwJhvlpm;rsdK;

r[kwfbl;uG/ a,mufsm;t&mtaxmifrSm olYvdk a,mufsm;yDowJhvlrsdK;/
olvdkvlrsdK;udk awGYzdkY cJ,Of;w,fuG/ 'guvnf; tajymeJY r,kHygeJYOD;uGm/
oleJY ESpf&Snfvrsm; aygif;MunfhygOD;/ tJ'DtcgusrS igajymwm [kwf
r[kwf rif; ,HkyguGm/ igwdkYrSmuawmh oleJYyufoufwJh tawGYtMuHKawG
trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh igu olYudk trsm;BuD; pdwfcs,HkMunfw,f/
i&Jjynfudk tvnfoGm;rvm;qdk&ifawmif paearmifarmifyg&if igoGm;
r,f/ ewfjynfudk wufrvm;qdk&ifawmif paearmifarmif ryg&if ig
rwufbl;/ tJ'gavmufawmif ,Hkw,fuGm}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]'Davmufqdk&if vHkavmufygNyDAsm}
wpfae&modkYta&mufwGif paearmifarmifonf &yfvdkufav\/
paearmifarmif&yfvdkufvQif ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;vnf; jrif;udk uqkefpdkif;um
paearmifarmif teD;odkY oGm;a&mufMuav\/ paearmifarmifonf
¤if;teD;odkY bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;oma&mufvmvQif ...
][dkawmifapmif;udk Munfhvdkufprf;}
[kajymvdkuf&m rIefysysawmifapmif;wGif vlrsm; oGm;vmaeonfudk
jrifMu&av\/
]'Dae&mrsdK;rSm 'Dvdk pnfpnfum;um; &SdcJw,f/ tJ'g aps;aeY
aMumifhvnf; rjzpfEdkifbl;/ xl;xl;jcm;jcm; wpfckckawmhjzpfaeNyD}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymvdkufvQif ...
]'Dvdk bGefa[mif;&JU../ a0;ayr,fh awmifapmif;rSm oGm;aewJh
vlawGudk Munf&h if a,mufsm;? rdef;r? uav;qdkwm oJoJuGJuGJ jrifEdkif

93
rif;odcF r[l&m
ygw,f/ tEÅ&m,f&SdwJhae&mqdk&if a,mufsm;awG[m olwdkYrdef;reJY uav;

awGudk ac:vmMurSmr[kwfbl;/ usKyftxifajym&&ifawmh rMumcifrSm
usKyfwdkY[m NrKdUwpfNrKdUudk a&mufMuawmhr,f/ tJ'D awGYaewJh olawG[m
tJ'DNrKdUudk oGm;Muwm jzpfr,f/ tJ'DNrKdUrSm bmoma&;yGJawmfwpfck
&Sdaumif;&Sdaevdrfhr,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf usKyfwdkY tJ'DNrKdUudk ta&muf
oGm;Mu&rSmyJ/ tJ'DNrKdUrSm oHk;&ufavmufem;NyD; tpm;aomufaumif;av;
awGpm;NyD; tiftm;jznfhMuwmaygh/ usKyfwdkY pD;vmwJhjrif;awGudk tJ'DrSm
aps;avQmhNyD; a&mif;ypfvdkufr,f/ NyD;awmh jrif;aumif; oHk;pD;avmuf
0,fMuwmaygh}
xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYonf axmifacsmufwpfck\ ywfvrf;udk&Smí
jrif;rsm;udkxdef;um wjznf;jznf;qif;cJh&m awmifMum;wpfckodkY a&muf
aomtcgü rdk;pkyfpkyf csKyfoGm;avawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkawmifMum;üyif
rD;zdkí eHeufrdk;vif;onfudkapmifhcJh&av\/ eHeufrdk;vif;aomtcgwGif
¤if;wdkYüygaom acgjyifudk rD;zkwfí a&aEG;Murf;ESifh 0g;rsdKNyD;vQif xdk
awmifMum;rS xGucf Jh&m jrpfvufwufwpfckudk awGYav\/ paearmifarmif
onf ¤if;ü ygvmaomajryHkudkxkwfí MunfNh yD;vQif ...
]'Djrpf[m ta&SUtaemufpD;aewJh jrpfyJ/ jA[®ykwå&jrpf&JU
vufwufwpfckyJ jzpfvdrfrh ,f/ blwefe,fbufudk tawmfuav; eD;oGm;
NyD/ 'Duae a&SUudkqdk&if awmifaMumawG r&Sdawmhbl;/ vGifjyifawG
rsm;w,f/ usKyfwdkYu [mvmqmNrKdUawmfeYJ blwefe,fMum;rSm&SdwJh
jA[®ykwå&jrpfwpf0dkufudk a&mufaeNyD/ tck usKyfwdkYawGY&r,fh NrKdU[m
qefydkvdkY ac:wJh awmNrKdUav; wpfNrKdUyJ/ tvGefom,mvSywJh NrKdUuav;
wpfNrKdUyJ/ 'gayrJh 'DawmifMum;udk jzwfzdkYc&D;udku wpf&ufavmuf
Mumr,f/ awmifMum;ujzwfNyD; qif;&r,fqdkawmh reufjzefavmufrS
tJ'DNrKdUudk a&mufr,f}

94
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...

]*sdK&[wfeJY b,favmufa0;ovJ q&mBuD;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]bGefa[mif; rsufpdvnfaeNyDxifw,f/ *sdK&[wf? awpbl?
a*g[wfxd? &Sdavmif tJ'gawG[m blwefe,f&JU awmifbufrSmAs/
usKyfwdkYu ajrmufbufudk a&mufaeNyD/ ta0;BuD;yJ}
[k paearmifarmifu jyefíajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf ¤if;wddkYonf awmifMum;c&D;twdkif; wa&GUa&GUc&D;ESifí
vmcJhMuav\/ awmifMum;c&D;udkqHk;vQif awmifwpfawmifudkausmfí
wufcJhMuav\/ awmifxdyfwGif a*:&cg;&Gmuav; wpf&Gmudk awGY&
av\/ ¤if;a'oü a*:&cg;vlrsdK;udk awGY&onfrSm tHhMozG,f aumif;vS
awmh\/ ¤if;wdkYonf rnfonfhtcsdef? rnfonfhtcgu &Gmwnfí
a&mufaeMuonfudk ¤if;wdkYudk,fwdkifyif *CeP rajymEdkifMuawmhay/
paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD; &GmxJodkY0ifoGm;vQif &GmolBuD;u wdAufbmom
jzifh EIwfquf\/ wdAufrsm; r[kwfaMumif;odvQif a*:&cg;bmomjzifh
EIwfquf\/ paearmifarmifuvnf; wdAufpum;udk xrif;pm;a&aomuf
rQom ajymwwfaomfvnf; a*:&cg;pum;udk ¤if;rdcifajymaom pum;
uJhodkY uRrf;usifpGm ajymwwfav\/ a*:&cg;&GmollBuD;onf pae
armifarmifwdkYtm; csmygwD? tm;vl;[if;? EGm;EdkYylylrsm;jzifh {nfhcH\/
xYdkaemuf rnfonfh vlrsdK;jzpfaMumif;udk ,Ofaus;odrfarGYpGm ar;jref;\/
paearmifarmifuvnf; jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm; jzpfaMumif;? a&S;a[mif;ypönf;rsm;
udk 0goemygí vSnfhvnf&SmazGMuolrsm; jzpfaMumif; ajymvQif xdk
&GmolBuD;u ...
]a&S;a[mif;ypönf;yJ &Smwmvm;/ a&S;a[mif;&wemodkufawGudk
pdwfr0ifpm;bl;vm;}

95
rif;odcF r[l&m
[kar;av\/
xdktcg paearmifarmifu &wemodkuf&SmaomolwdkYrSm avmb
&r®ufBuD;olrsm;jzpfaMumif;? rdrdwdkYrSm avmb&r®ufr&SdaMumif;? odkYaomf
tEÅ&m,fvnf;r&SdbJ c&D;oGm;[efvGJ awGY&rnfqdkvQif xdkodkufrsdK;udk
awGYvdkaMumif; ajymqdk&m &GmolBuD;u &,fav\/ xdkYaemuf &GmolBuD;u
¤if;\bmompum;jzifhyif atmufygt"dyÜm,f&aom pum;udk ajymav\/
]usKyftouf ckepfq,f eD;ygNyDAsm/ tacsmif&wJh &wemodkuf
qdkwm rMumzl;ygbl;/ odkufwl;vdkY olaX;jzpfwJhvlvnf; rjrifzl;ygbl;/
odkufwl;vdkY aowJhvl&,f? r½IrvS 'Pf&m&wJhol&,fyJ awGYzl;ygw,f/ tJ'D
vlawGudk usKyfjzifh odyfNyD;oem;wmyJ/ udk,fhypönf;r[kwfbJ vm,lwm
udku 'DvlawG vGefwmyJ/ &wemoddkuf&SmwJhvlqdk&if &GmrSmvufcHzdkY rajymeJY
&GmxJu jzwfcGifhray;bl;/ rdwfaqGwdkYu 'DvdkvlrsdK;r[kwfvdkY usKyfu
{nfhaumif;apmifaumif;tjzpf vufcHwm}
[k ajymvdkufvQifarmif zdk;omu bGefa[mif;teD;odkYuyfí ...
]udkbGefa[mif;a&.. udk,fusdK;enf;awmhr,feJY wlw,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcgbGefa[mif;u ...
]wdwfwdwfaeprf;yg ighvl&m/ &GmolBuD;u jrefrmvdkwwfae&if
cufaeOD;r,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
paearmifarmifonf &GmolBuD;ESifhtqifajyatmif pum;ajym
ae\/ xdk&GmolBuD;onf rsufvSnfh0goemygaMumif; paearmifarmifonf
pum;ajym&if; &dyfrdoGm;\/ xdkYaMumifh paearmifarmifonf ¤if;onf
rsufvSnfhq&m r[kwfaomfvnf; i,fpOfausmif;om;b0u rsufvSnfh
q&mwpfOD;xHwGif tenf;i,f oif,lcJhzl;aMumif; ajymNyD;vQif

96
rif;odcF r[l&m
]uyftifabm} ac: yef;uefvHk; oHk;vHk;ESifh abmvHk; oHk;vHk;udk vSnfhpm;

jyaom rsufvSnfhudk jyovdkuf&m &GmolBuD;onf vGefpGmoabmus
oGm;\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;tm; oifjyay;&ef ajymojzifh paearmifarmifu
apwemA&yGjzifh oifjyay;vdkuf&m &GmolBuD;onf paearmifarmifESifh
ydkrdkcifrif&if;ESD;oGm;avawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh xdkaeYn npmudk csmygwD?
tmvl;[if;? EGm;EdkYwdkYtjyif ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom rkefYtcsdKwdkY pm;yGJ0dkif;
av;qDodkY a&muf&SdvmMuawmh\/ naeydkif;odkYa&mufvQif pm;aomufMu
NyD;aemuf &GmolBuD;u ol\&Gmudk vSnfhywfjy\/ paearmifarmifwdkY
oHk;OD;vnf; vSnfhywfMunfh½IMuav\/ xdknu &GmolBuD;\ aumif;rI
aMumifh BudK;ckwifrsm;ay:wGif aumif;rGefpGm tdyfpufMuNyD; eHeufrdk;vif;
onfESifh jrif;rsm;udk tpmauR;um awmiftqif;vrf;twdkif; aumif;rGefpGm
qif;vmcJhMuav\/ aeYcif;oHk;em&DcefYwGif jA[®ykwå&jrpfteD;&Sd qefydk
qdkonfh pnfum;odkufNrdKufvSaom qdyfurf;NrKdUBuD;wpfNrKdUodkY acsmarmpGm
a&muf&SdoGm;Muavawmhownf;/

97
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (9)
rGefjrwfxl;jcm;aomyGJawmfESifhMuHKjcif;
paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf qefydkNrKdUtwGif;odkY a&muf&SdMuNyD;

aemuf &nfrGefaom xrif;qdkif&SifwpfOD; a&mif;csonfh xrif;qdkif
wpfqdkifodkY 0ifMuav\/ xdkYaemuf xdkxrif;qdkifüyif &uftenf;i,f
wnf;cdkvdkaMumif;ajym&m xrif;qdkif&Sifu ol\qdkifaemufwGif c&D;onf
rsm; wnf;cdk&eftwGuf taqmif wpfaqmif&SdaMumif;? jrif;rsm;xm;&ef
twGuf jrif;aZmif;rsm;vnf; aqmufvkyfxm;aMumif; c&D;onfrsm; taeeJY
ol\xrif;qdkif? odkYr[kwf tif;ü pdwfvufcsrf;ompGm wnf;cdkEdkifaMumif;
ajymjyav\/ xrif;qdkifydkif&SiftrnfrSm pefudkif; [lí jzpf\/ xdkodkY
pefudkif;ESifh pum;ajymaepOfyif pefudkif;\rdef;r a&mufvm\/ pefudkif;\
rdef;rrSm pefudkif;xuf t&yfajcmufvufrcefY jrifh\/ pefudkif;udk

98
rif;odcF r[l&m
pum;ajymvQif iHkYí ajym&\/ xdktjcif;t&mudkjrifawGY&aom armifzdk;om

u jyHK;av\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]rif;jyHK;wm igodygw,fuGm/ a,mufsm;u t&yfykNyD; rdef;ru
t&yfjrifhaewmudk rif;jyHK;wmr[kwfvm;}
]trSefyJ udkbGefa[mif;a&}
[k ajymav\/
paearmifarmifonf bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omajymaompum;udk
pefudkif;tm; ajymjyvdkufaomtcg pefudkif;u &,fav\/ xdkodkY&,fNyD;
aemuf pefudkif;u ...
]t&yfykwJha,mufsm;[m cspfolYrsufESmudk vrif;BuD;eJY wifpm;cGifh
&Sdw,fAs/ olu armfMunfhciG fh &Sdwmudk;}
[k paearmifarmifudk ajymvdkufojzifh paearmifarmifu bGef
a[mif;wdkYtm; bmomjyefay;ojzifh bGefa[mif;wdkYonf &,fMuav\/
xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;u ...
]pefudkif;[m vlawmfwpfa,mufyJ armifzdk;oma&/ olY&JU tm;enf;
csufudk &,fp&m vkyfypfwwfw,f/ 'DvdkvlrsdK;[m b0rSm tcuftcJ
r&SdbJ aexdkifoGm;Edkifw,fuG}
[k ajymvdkufcsdefüyif pefudkifrdef;ru pum;ajymjyefav\/
¤if;\ pum;udk paearmifarmifu ...
]uJ.. bGefa[mif;eJY armifzdk;oma&/ pefudkif;&JUrdef;ru ol&JU
xrif;qdkifrSm pdwfqdkif;us wnf;cdkEdkifygw,fwJh/ 'gayrJh olYa,mufsm;
udkawmh t&yfykw,fqdkNyD; txifrao;ygeJYwJh/ t&yfykayr,fh pdwfxm;u
jrifhygw,fwJh}

99
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k jyefí&Sif;jyvdkufav&m bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYvnf;

awmif;yefaomtm;jzifh cg;nTwfí t½dktao ay;Muav\/ xdkYaemuf
pefudkif;ESifh ol\rdef;rwdkYu paearmifarmifwdkYtm; wnf;cdk&rnfh ae&m
rsm;udk vdkufvHjyoMuav\/ bGefa[mif;onf tdrfomudk jycdkif;\/
pefudkif;u tdrfomudk jy\/ a&ajrmif;BuD;wpfckay:wGif cGí aqmufxm;
aomtdrfom jzpf\/ xdkYaemuf a&csdK;cef;udk jycdkif;\/ xdktcg pefudkif;u
a&csdK;cef;[lí oD;jcm;r&Sd/ xdkxrif;qdkif\ aemufbufwGif&Sdaom
awmifurf;yg;,HrS a&xGufqDodkY ac:oGm;\/ bGefa[mif;onf a&xGufudk
awGYvQif armifzdk;omtm; ...
]armifzdk;oma&/ obm0 a&bHkbdkifayghuGm/ wpfaeYvHk; csdK;aevdkY
&w,f/ a[m[dkrSm a&uefav; awGYvm;/ ul;csif&if ul;aevdkY &ao;
w,f}
[k ajymav\/
xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;u tpm;taomufrsm;ESifh ywfoufí
ar;jref;&m pefudkif;onf rD;zdkacsmifodkYac:í jy\/ rD;zdkacsmifrSm vGefpGm
oefY&Sif;\/ NyD;vQif [if;tdk;rsm;udk jy\/ yef;uefcGufa,muffrsm;udk
jy\/ xdkt&mrsm;rSmvnf; oefY&Sif;vS\/ NyD;vQif tdyfcef;&Sd&modkY
jyefvmMuavawmh\/ xdktcgü q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu bGefa[mif;
ESifh armifzdk;omtm; wpfa&;wpfarmtdyf&ef ajymav\/ ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;vnf;
tdyf&mrsm;ay:wGif yufvufvSefcsvdkufESifh wpfjydKifeufwnf; tdyfarmus
oGm;Muavawmh\/
tdyf&mrSEdk;aomtcgü paearmifarmifudk Munfhvdkuf&m pae
armifarmifonf w½kwftuÐs w½kwfabmif;bDyGyGBuD;rsm;udk 0wfqif
xm;\/ a&Tudkif;rsufrSef ao;ao;av;udk wyfqifxm;\/ qHyifudk
tv,frScGJí ab;odkY jzD;csxm;\/ pD;u&ufudk qifpG,fpGyfwHESifhzGmae\/
xdkYaMumifh bGefa[mif;u ...

100
rif;odcF r[l&m
]b,fvdkvJ q&mBuD;/ w½kwfBuD; jzpfoGm;NyD;vm;}

[k ar;vdkuf\/
][kwfw,f bGefa[mif;a&/ 'DNrKdUrSmaeoa&GU usKyf[m rpöwmvHkyJ/
aqGBuD;rsdK;BuD; w½kwfrdom;pku qif;oufvmw,f ayghAsm/ rdbawGu
csrf;omawmh usKyfudk jyifopfjynf vmZmbGef;wuúodkvfudk ydkYNyD; ynm
oifapcJhw,f/ tJ'DrSm usKyf[m ordkif;bmom&yfeJY ywfoufNyD;
a'gufwmbGJYudk &cJhw,fayghAsm/ tJ'Dawmh a'gufwmvHkayghAsm}
]q&mBuD;u w½kwfvluHkxH a'gufwmvHkqdkawmh usKyfu bmvJ
q&mBuD;}
]udk,fhvlu usKyftdrfu bwfwvm/ armifzdk;omu usKyf&JU
xrif;csuf/ &Sif;NyDvm;}
]aumif;ygNyD q&mBuD;.../ tEÅ&m,f eD;vmNyDvm;}
[k jyefíar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]pefudkif;&JUrdef;r vmqm[m usKyfwdkYtwGuf tEÅ&m,fayghAsm/
ol[m bvufb&m;om;tzGJY0ifyJ/ tqifroifh&if 'DrSm wpfcgwnf;
usKyfwdkYoHk;a,muf yGJcsif;NyD;oGm;Edkifw,f/ a[m[dkrSm olarG;xm;wJh
aMumifuav;/ bmudkyJpm;pm; tJ'DaMumifudk cspfpEdk;eJY t&ifauR;NyD;rSpm;/
tJ'DaMumifav;udk rauR;bJ rpm;eJYaemf/ aqGckepfquf rmaMumif;
omaMumif; pmrxnfhEdkifbJ jzpfoGm;vdrfhr,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/

101
rif;odcF r[l&m
armifzdk;omonf tBuD;tus,f rsufESmysufvsuf aeav\/

]'Dvdkqdkvnf; 'DrSm rwnf;ygeJYvm; q&mBuD;&JU}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymav\/
]armifzdk;oma&.. tckrSawmh a&TUvdkYrjzpfawmhbl;/ tckae a&GUvdkuf
&if &dyfrdoGm;vdrfhr,f/ [efrysuf rodcsifa,mifaqmifNyD; aewm[m
taumif;qHk;yJ}
]aeygOD; q&mBuD;&JU/ vmqm[m bvufb&m;om;tzGYJ0ifqdkwm
[kwfygNyD/ olYa,mufsm; pefudkif;ua&m}
[k bGefa[mif;u ar;vdkufav\/
]pefudkif;u odyfNyD;oem;zdkYaumif;wJh vlyJ/ olYrdef;rrsufESmudk
vrif;BuD;vdk armfMunfhae½HkrSty olYrdef;rtaMumif;udk bmwpfckrS
rod&Smbl;}
[k paearmifarmifu jyefíajymvdkufav\/
xdkaeYnwGif ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf bJief;om;[if;jzifh xrif;pm;
av\/ vmqmu olYwGif t&ufaumif;rsm;&Sdonf[kqdkum vGefpGm
eD&JvSyaom t&uftdk;rsm;udk vma&mufcsay;\/ paearmifarmifonf
t&uftdk;wpftdk;twGuf aiGacsNyD;aemuf jrif;oHk;aumifudk wdkufypfvdkuf
av\/ xdkYaMumifh vmqmu ...
]'Davmufaumif;wJht&ufawGudk jrif;awGudk wdkufypf&w,fwJh&Sif/
tHYa&m...tYHa&m}
[kajym&m paearmifarmifu ...

102
rif;odcF r[l&m
]usKyfwdkYoHk;a,mufpvHk;[m t&ufudk tqdyfvdk a&Smifxm;MuwJh

Ak'¨bmom0ifawG jzpfygw,f/ 'gayrJh vmqm&JU t&ufudkvnf;
0,fcsifw,f/ udk,fwdkifvnf; aomufvdkYrjzpfbl;qdkawmh udk,fcspfwJh
jrif;udk wdkufypfvdkufwmaygh}
[kajymvdkuf&m vmqmonf ol\ oGm;wufav;rsm; ay:onf
txd &,fav\/ xdkodkY &,fNyD;aemuf ...
]uRefru t&ufa&SmifwJhvludk odyfNyD; rkef;wm/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ
odvm;/ uRefr[m t&ufa&mif;wJhvludk;}
]i,fi,fwkef;u ausmif;rSmoifwJh yHkjyifuav;wpfckudk owd
&aeao;w,f/ NrKdUBuD;wpfNrKdUudk &efolawGu0dkif;NyD; tkwfeJYvkyfwJhNrKdU½dk;udk
jzdKcsypfvdkufNyD; twif;0ifNyD; wkdufw,f/ 'gayrJh NrKdUxJuvlawGu &J&J0Hh0Hh
ckcHvdkufwJhtwGuf &efolawGu aemuf jyefqkwfoGm;&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk
qkwfoGm;&ayr,fh &efolawGu aemufwpfacguf jyefNyD;vmcJhOD;r,fa[hvdkY
Budrf;oGm;Muw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'DNrKdUudktkyfcsKyfwJh NrKdUpm;u NrKdU½dk;udk
b,fvdk ypönf;eJYvkyf&if cdkifcHhrvJvdkY jrdKUolNrKdUom;awGqDrSm tMuHÓPf
awmif;&Smw,f/ tJ'DrSm vlwpfa,mufu om;a&eJYvkyfwm[m taumif;
qHk;yJwJh/ tJ'Dvdk tMuHay;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh NrKdUpm;BuD;[m NrKdU½dk;udk tkwfeJY
vkyf& aumif;Edk;Edk;? om;a&eJY vkyf& aumif;Edk;Edk;eJY awGa0oGm;&Smw,f/
tJ'DrSm NrKdUpm;teD;rSm&SdwJh ynm&Sdu NrKdUpm;BuD;udk ...
]tJ'Dvl[m NrKdU½dk;udk om;a&eJYvkyfygvdkY bmjzpfvdkY tMuHay;wm
vJ... odvm;}
vdkY ar;vdkufw,f/ tJ'Dawmh NrKdUpm;BuD;u ...
]rodbl;/ om;a&u ydkNyD;cdkifvdkY jzpfrSmaygh}

103
rif;odcF r[l&m
vdkY jyefajymvdkufw,f/ tJ'DrSm ynm&Sdu ...

]'Dvl[m om;a&ukefonfwpfa,muf jzpfw,f/ olYrSm ra&mif;
&wJh om;a&awG trsm;BuD;&Sdw,f/ tJ'gaMumifh NrKdU½dk;udk om;a&eJY
vkyfygvdkY ajymwm/ 'Dvl[m NrKdUrSmaewJh vltrsm;&JUtusdK;udk rMunfhbl;/
olYtusdK;udkyJ Munfhwm/ tJ'gaMumifh 'Dvludk NrKdUrSmrxm;yJ armif;xkwf
ypfvdkufyg}
vdkY tMuHay;w,f/
tJ'Dawmh NrKdUpm;u r[kwfu[kwfu tMuHay;wJh 'Dvludk NrKdUuae
armif;xkwfypfvdkufw,f/ tckvnf; 'DvdkyJ/ Ak'¨bmomvlrsdK;awGjzpfwJh
twGuf t&ufaopmraomufygbl;vdkYajymwJh vloHk;a,mufudk vmqm[m
rdrd t&ufa&mif;&zdkY tusdK;twGuf MunfhNyD; tJ'DvloHk;a,mufudk
rkef;w,fvdkY ajymw,f/ 'DtcgrSm NrKdUpm;[m pefudkif; jzpfygw,f/
pefudkif;[m r[kwfu[kwfu tMuHay;wJh vmqmudk qdkiftwGif;u
tjrefqHk; armif;xkwfypfyg}
[k ajymvdkuf&m pefudkif;onf paearmifarmif\ pum;udk
vGefpGmrS oabmusoGm;\/ xdkYaMumifh pefudkif;u ...
]a'gufwmvHk.. pdwfcsyg/ uRefawmfhrdef;r vmqmudk uRefawmfh
taeeJY olawmfaumif;oHk;a,mufudk t&ufa&mif;csrI tjypf'PfeJY
uRefawmfhqkdifxJu armif;xkwfypfvdkufyghr,f/ b,ftxd armif;xkwfypf
vdkufrvJ qdkawmh uRefawmfhtdyf&mxJ a&mufwJhtxd armif;xkwfypfvdkuf
yghr,f}
[kqdkum xrif;qdkif&Sif pefudkif;onf ol\rdef;r vmqmtm; ...
]tdk...vmqm/ oifonf olawmfaumif; oHk;a,mufwdkYtm;
t&ufaopma&mif;cs&ef BudK;yrf;cJh\/ xdkYaMumifh oifhü tjypf&Sdonfjzpf&m
uREkfyfqdkifwGif;rS ,ckcsufcsif; xGufcGmoGm;&rnf jzpfonf/ rnfonfh

104
rif;odcF r[l&m
ae&modkY xGufcGmoGm;&rnfenf; [kqdkaomf uREfkyftdyf&mtwGif;odkY a&muf

atmifoGm;&rnf}
[kqdkvdkuf&m pefudkif;\rdef;r vmqmvnf; jyHK;&,fvsuf
uREfkyfwdkYoHk;a,muftm; EIwfqufum xGufcGmoGm;av\/ xdktcg
pefudkif;u ...
]'Dt&yfa'orSm vrif;BuD; aysmufuG,foGm;NyD/ uRefawmf[m
vrif;BuD;r&Sd&if raewwfwJhvl jzpfygw,f/ 'gaMumifh vrif;BuD;&Sd&mudk
uRefawmfvnf; vdkufygoGm;&ygr,f}
[kqdkum pefudkif;onf xGufoGm;avawmh\/
xdkaMumifh paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf vGwfvyfpGm xrif;pm;cGifh
&Muavawmh\/ ¤if;wdkYonf xrif;pm;NyD;aemuf tdyf&modkY 0ifMu\/
aemufwpfaeY a0vDa0vif;ü vrf;ray:wGif vloHrsm;Mum;ojzifh pae
armifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf vrf;rbufqDodkY Munfhvdkuf&m? uav;? vlBuD;?
rdef;r rusef qDrD;cGufuav;rsm;xGef;í vrf;ray:wGif twef;vdkuf
avQmufoGm;aeonfudk awGYvdkufMu&av\/ NrKdUudk 0ef;&Hxm;aom
awmifukef;rsm; ay:wGifvnf; rD;a&mif wvufvufuav;rsm;jzifh vlrsm;
qif;vmonfudkvnf; awGYMu&\/ xdkYaMumifh xrif;qdkif&Sif pefudkif;udk
ar;Munf&h m pefudkif;u ...
]'DaeY[m tvGefxl;jrwfwJhaeY jzpfw,f/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh
]wmrGwf} bkef;awmfBuD;udk ylaZmfwJhaeY jzpfvdkYyJ/ &Spf&ufwdwd ylaZmfMu
vdrfhr,f/ tawmfa0;wJha'ou vlawGyg vma&mufMuvdrfhr,f/
'DNrKdUrSm&SdwJh xrif;qdkifwdkif;vdkvdk &Spf&ufvHk;vHk; vljynfhaer,f/ tpm;
taomufawGvnf; trsm;BuD; jyKvkyfxm;&w,f}
[k ajymav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...

105
rif;odcF r[l&m
]wmrGwfbkef;awmfBuD;qdkwmu tawmfhudk bkef;wefcdk; BuD;wmyJ

aemf}
]'Dvdk bGefa[mif;&JU/ wmrGwfbkef;awmfBuD;qdkwm w½kwftoH
xGufeJY ajymwm/ trSefu "r®bkef;awmfBuD;yJ/ wmrGwfqdkwmu "r®udk
ajymwm/ tJ'D bkef;awmfBuD;udkyJ wcsKdUae&mawGrSm ydk;wd"r® vdkY ac:a0:
Mujyefw,f/ ydk;wd"r®qdkwm wjcm;r[kwfygbl;/ ]aAm"d"r®} udk ajymwmyg/
ol[m eDaygbk&if&JU wwd,ajrmufom;awmf jzpfw,f/ jrwfpGmbk&m;
yGifhNyD; ESpfajcmuf&mavmufrSm ay:aygufcJhwJh yk*d¾Kvfxl;yJ/ ol[m
wdAufukef;ajrjrifhudkjzwfNyD; w½kwfjynfudk omoemjyKzdkY oGm;a&mufcJhwJh
yk*d¾Kvfjzpfw,f/ wdAufudk jzwfwJhtcgwkef;u tvGef emrnfBuD;wJh
ulAvdkifcefbk&ifeJY awGYcJhao;w,f/ ulAvdkifcef t&ufaomufwJh
cGufBuD;udk avxJudk ajrmufwufNyD; avxJudk vGifhpifoGm; tmif
pdwfwefcdk;eJY vkyfjycJhzl;w,f/ w½kwfjynfrSmvnf; w&m;"r®awGudk
jzefYjzL;cJhw,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]awmfawmf pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;wmyJ/ q&mBuD; rSwfrdoavmuf
uRefawmfwdkYESpfa,mufudk ajymjyygvm;}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]uJygav... ckawmh rD;wdkifav;awGeJYoGm;aewJh ½IarQmfcif;udkyJ
at;at;aq;aq; MunfhvdkufygOD;}
[kqdkojzifh bGefa[mif;wdkYvnf; xdkMunfEl;zG,faumif;aom
jrifuGif;udk MunfhaerdMuav\/ aeYv,fydkif;odkY a&mufaomtcgü
xrif;pm;Muav\/ xrif;pm;NyD;aemuf oHk;OD;om; tdyfcef;qDodkY jyefMu

106
rif;odcF r[l&m
av\/ tdyfcef;odkYa&mufvQif paearmifarmifonf wmrGwfbkef;awmfBuD;

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107
rif;odcF r[l&m
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xGufoGm;&awmhr,f/ 'DNrKdUxJudk rnf;eufaomnDtpfudkrsm; tzGJYu
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ol rSmvdkufvdkY tJ'DaumifawG NrKdUxJudk a&mufvmwmyJ}
[k ajymav\/ xdkYaMumifh armifzdk;omonf jrif;rsm;udk tpm
a&pmrsm; wdkufauR;NyD;vQif xkwfvmcJhav\/ tjyifodkYxGufaomtcgü
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tzGYJudk ausmfjzwfí awmifukef;ESpfck\Mum; awmif;Mum;vrf;rS
uqkefpdkif;í xGufoGm;Muavawmhownf;/

108
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (10)
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aumif;vSaom tyifrsm;jzifh jynfhESufvsuf&Sd\/ wpfyifESifhwpfyif
tudkif;csif;,Sufí aeajymufrxdk;Edkifatmif &Sdaomfvnf; awmatmufajc
ürl &Sif;vSay\/ ausmufajrESifh oJajra&mxm;aom ajrjyifay:wGif
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jydKum ajrjyifjzpfoGm;NyD;vQif xdkajrjyifay:ü opfyifrsm; aygufa&mufum

109
rif;odcF r[l&m
awmjzpfoGm;[ef&Sd\/ trSefpifppfvnf; xdka'o&Sdvlrsm;onf xdkawmtm;

awm[lírac: bJawmifawm[lí ac:Muukef\/ xdkawmifawmtwGif;odkY
paearmifarmifwdkY oHk;OD;om;onf jrif;rsm;jzifh 0ifoGm;Muukef\/
xdkYaemuf vGefpGmBuD;rm;aom ausmufwHk;BuD;oHk;wHk;\ tMum;odkY0ifum
pcef;cs &yfem;Muukef\/ jrif;rsm;udkvnf; bGefa[mif;u tpma&pm
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tjzpf csufjyKwf\/ xdkYaemuf qefeDrsm; jyGrf;wD;aom qefrsm;udkvnf;
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acgykwfrsm;udk rD;uif\/ NyD;vQif aumfzDrIefYESifh oumcJrsm;udk aygif;pyf
um aumfzDMurf;vkyf\/ xdkYaemuf oHk;OD;om; Nrdef&SufpGmpm;aomufMu
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110
rif;odcF r[l&m
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oHy&moD;[m wpfpHkwpfck cRwf,Gif;aevdkYyJ/ tJ'DvdkyJuG/ abmvHk;qdk&if
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a&mufaevdkYjzpfap jzpf&r,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ armifzdk;oma&/ vl&JUpdwf[m
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vmwmaygh}
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[k bGefa[mif;u jyefíajymav\/

111
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aomufw,fa[h/ w½kwfjynf&JU awmifydkif;rSmaewJh w½kwfawGu
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udk at;rS aomufwJhvlawGu pdwfwdkwJhvlawG/ a&aEG;Murf;ylyl aomufwJh
vlawGu pdwf&SnfwJhvlawG/ a&aEG;Murf;udk jznf;jznf;csif; rIwfaomuf
wmudk;/ at;yguGm/ ig&JU a&aEG;Murf;taMumif; ajymaevdkY rNyD;ao;bl;/
q&mBuD;ajymwJh pdwfwefcdk;taMumif;udk em;axmifOD;/ igvnf; aeYv,fpm
twGuf jyifqifvdkufOD;r,f}
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MunfhvdkufNyD;aemuf ...
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wefcdk;r&Sdbl;/ q&mBuD;vnf; pdwf&Sdw,f/ q&mBuD;pdwfu wefcdk;&Sdw,f/
q&mBuD;ajymovdk ajym&if ESpfckvHk;[m abmvHk;csnf;yJ/ uRefawmfwdkY
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pdwfuG/ rjyXmef;wJhpdwfydkif&Sif[m wefcdk;r&Sdbl;ayghuGm/ tJ'Dvdk vlrsdK;

112
rif;odcF r[l&m
awG[m jrif½HkeJY odomygw,f/ 'grSr[kwfvnf; q,frdepfavmuf

pum;ajymMunfhwmeJY jyXmef;wJhpdwfydkif&Sifvm;? rjyXmef;wJhpdwfydkif&Sifvm;
qdkwm cGJjcm;Edkifygw,f/ rjyXmef;wJhpdwfydkif&Sif[m ajcvuf*emrjidrfbl;/
wpfae&mwnf;rSmvnf; MumMumrxdkifbl;/ xdkif&ifvnf; jidrfjidrfrxdkifbl;/
taMumif;rJh ajcvufudk wpfckck vIyf&Sm;aewwfw,f/ wcsKdUqdk 'l;awmif
eefYaewwfw,f/ rsufvHk;vnf; rjidrfbl;/ [dkMunf'h DMunfh vkyfaewwf
w,f/ tJ'DvdkyJ yg;pyfu rjidrfbl;/ ajymrdajym&m ajymaewwfw,f/
rar;bJeJY olu ajzwwfw,f/ xl;xl;qef;qef; taMumif;t&mwpfck
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ajymwwfw,f/ olawGYMuHKae&wJh omref'ku©[m wu,fh 'ku©BuD;vdk
olu oabmxm;NyD; olwpfyg;udk ajymwwfw,f/ olwpfyg; ajymwJh
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wJh pdwf"mwfydkif&Sifqdkwm &dyfpm;rdEdkifw,f/ jyXmef;wJh pdwf"mwfydkif&Sif
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tultnDudkvnf; rvdkbl;/ ol awGYMuHKae&wJh'ku©? aomuawGudkvnf;
olwpfyg;udk b,fawmhrS rQa0 rcHpm;apvdkbl;/ olwpfyg; pum;ajymwJh
tcgrSm vkNyD;rajymbl;/ jidrfjidrfuav; em;axmifwwfw,f/ em;axmifwJh
tcgrSmvnf; ajymwJhvl&JUrsufESmudkMunfhNyD; em;raxmifbl;/ ajymwJhvl&JU

113
rif;odcF r[l&m
cE¨mudk,fwpfae&m&mudk MunfhNyD; em;axmifavh&Sdw,f/ olYudk Munf&h wm

tifrwefeufwJha&uefudk Munf&h ovdkyJ euf½dIif;rIeJY jidrfoufaew,f}
[k ajymav\/ armifzdk;omonf acgif;udkukwfvdkuf\/
]q&mBuD;ajymovdkqdk&if uRefawmf[m rjyXmef;wJh pdwf"mwf
ydkif&Sifaygh/ tJ'gawGudk jyKjyifvdkuf&if uRefawmf[m jyXmef;wJh pdwf"mwf
ydkif&Sifjzpfrvm;}
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]jyKjyifvdkuf&if jyXmef;wJh pdwf"mwfydkif&Sif ayghuGm/ 'gaMumifh
pdwfwefcdk;qdkwm arG;&mygyJ/ 'gaMumifhrdkY avhvnf; avhusifh&ao;w,fvdkY
igajymcJhwmaygh}
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&a&mvm; q&mBuD;&,f}
[k armifzdk;omu ar;jyefav\/
]tckajymwJhtqifh[m pdwfeJY rqdkifao;bl;uG/ ½kyfydkif;yJ &Sdao;
w,f/ ½kyfydkif;qdkwm udk,fum,ydkif;ayghuGm/ tJ'gudk avhusifh&wm/
udk,fum,ydkif;udk avhusifh&wm/ aewmxdkifwm *emjidrfzdkY? rsufpd
*emjidrfzdkY? tajymtqdk *emjidrfzdkY? NyD;awmh ig[m *emjidrfwJhvl jzpfw,f/
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oHvdkuf"mwfawGeJY jynfh0aewJh udk,fum,ydkif&Sif jzpfw,fqdkwJhtaMumif;
udk tcsdef&oa&GU yGm;rsm;&w,fuGm/ pm;wJhtcgrSm? aomufwJhtcgrSm
oHvdkuf"mwfawGudk pm;aomufaew,fvdkY tm½HkjyK yGm;rsm;&w,f/
xdkifaewJhtcgrSmawmh pMu0VmrSm&SdwJh oHvdkuf"mwfawG ighudk,fxJ
0ifaeNyDvdkY yGm;rsm;&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk vHkvHkavmufavmuf yGm;rsm;NyD;awmhrS

114
rif;odcF r[l&m
pdwftvkyfudk vkyf&wm/ pdwftvkyfudk vkyfwJhtcgawmh uodkPf;enf;eJYyJ

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vkyf&wmcsnf;yJ/ igvkyfcJhwmuawmh y&mem enf;yJ/ 'Denf;uvnf;
igwDxGifwJhenf; r[kwfygbl;/ [dr0EÅmrSm&SdwJh qm'l;BuD;awGvkyfcJhwJh
enf;yg/ touf½SLwJh avhusifhcef;eJY a&mNyD;vkyf&w,f/ tpm;taomuf
awGvnf; qifjcif&w,f/ txl;ojzifh eHwJhig;ydwdkY? MuufoGefjzLwdkY a&Smif
&w,f/ idkufrsOf;apwJh tpm;taomufawG a&Smif&w,f/ jyif;jyif;xefxef
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avhusifh&w,f/ tJ'D avhusifhcef;awG[m tawmftwef avhusifhrdwmeJY
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vufreJYjyefydwf&w,f/ NyD;awmh b,fbufESmacgif;aygufuae ½SL;ceJY
jyefxkwf&jyefa&m/ tJ'Dvdk b,fbufwpfcg? nmwpfvSnfh ½SLvdkuf

115
rif;odcF r[l&m
xkwfvdkuf vkyf&w,fuG/ b,fa&m? nma&m½SLNyD;rS wpfcgvdkY rSwf&w,f/

p vkyfvkyfcsif;rSm &Spfcgu p vkyf&r,f/ q,fig;cgtxd vkyfNyD;&if
awmfavmufygNyD/ tJ'D avhusifhcef;udk wpfaeYrSm av;Budrf vkyf&r,f/
t½kPfwufrSm wpfBudrf? rGef;wdrf;csdefrSm wpfBudrf? nae ae0ifcsdefrSm
wpfBudrf? oef;acgifrSmwpfBudrf vkyf&w,f/ &uf90avmuf avhusifhvdkY
&Sd&if cE¨mudk,fxJrSm&SdwJh tnpftaMu;awGa&m? pdwf"mwf tnpftaMu;
awGa&m oefY&Sif;oGm;avmufygNyD/ tJ'DusawmhrS y&mem&JU a&SUusifhpOf
awGudk usif&h w,f}
]tckvkyfwJh udpöNyD;oGm;&ifawmh uRefawmf at;at;aq;aq;
avhusifhr,f}
[k armifzdk;omu jyefíajymvdkuf\/ xdktcsdefürSmyif bGefa[mif;
u...
]xrif;pm;zdkY tqifoifhjzpfNyD}
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Muavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYonf xrif;udk Nrdef&SufpGm pm;aomufMu
av\/ xdkodkY xrif;pm;&if; bGefa[mif;u ...
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ajz&r,f/ 'Dae&m[m wnfaqmuf&r,fh ae&myJ/ vufeuf&du©mawGudk

116
rif;odcF r[l&m
vnf; 'Dae&mrSm jynfhpkHatmif pkaqmif;&r,f/ aoewfawGygw,f

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bl;/ bGefa[mif;u 'DrSmaewJh &uftwGif; oifay;vdkufyg/ wcsKdUu
usnfqefxnfw h Jh qkHvnfxJudk usnfqefxnfhNyD; armif;cvkwfudk
vufn§dK;xnfhNyD; auG;vdkuf½HkeJY ajcmufvHk;jyL; ypfwwfw,fvdkY
xifwwfMuw,f/ wu,fqdk&if vlrajymeYJ tJ'gudk arsmufawmif
vkyfwwfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh bGefa[mif;u armifzdk;omudk oifay;}
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t"dyÜm,fudkvnf;aumif;? aoewfypfjcif;\ t"dyÜm,fudkvnf;aumif;?
aoewfypfenf;udkvnf;aumif; oifjyay;av\/ paearmifarmifonf
tcsdef&Sdoí qefYqefYBuD;vSJum taMumrsm;avQmhí rdk;aumif;uifudk
MunfNh yD; tm;rsm;udk jznfhaeavawmh\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwkdY
onf jrif;jzifhxGufoGm;MuNyD; &du©mESifhvufeufrsm; &SmazGcJhav\/
¤if;wdkYonf xdkzdkcaemufqdkif ausmufwHk;BuD;ü aexdkifpOftwGif; a&SU
c&D;pOftwGuf ¤if;wdkY\ pdwf"mwftiftm;rsm;udk wnfaqmufaeMu
avawmhownf;/
xGuf
xdkae&mü &uftwefMumaecJhNyD;aemuf paearmifarmifu c&D;

xGuf&ef oifhawmfNyD jzpfaMumif;? ,aeY 9 em&D 45 rdepfwGif c&D;
pwifxGufrnfjzpfaMumif; ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...
]q&mBuD;...bmjzpfvdkY 'DaeY 9 em&D 45rdepfusrS xGuf&rSmwHk;}

117
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ar;av\/
]'Dvdk armifzdk;om&JU/ 'DaeYu paeaeYavuGm/ paeaeY 9 em&D
ausmf&if t*F0dZÆm oabmt& ]aomr} tcg jzpfw,fuG/ aomrtcgqdk&if
pae[m wdkifxdyfrSmuG/ tJ'Dawmh paearmifarmifvkyfr,fh tvkyf[m
t*F0dZÆm oabmt& wdkifxdyfrSm a&mufaeNyDaygh}
][kwfuJh... [kwfuJh}
[k ajymav\/ bGefa[mif;rSmrl wJzsuf\/ rD;zdkrSrD;cJrsm;? jymrsm;
udk ajrBuD;ü wl;íjr§Kyf\/ þae&mwGif vlrsm;aexdkifoGm;onfudk rodEdkif
ap&ef tppt&m&m zHk;zd\/ aemufqHk;wGif opfudkif;opf&Gufrsm; ,lum
ae&mtESHYwGif tkyfqdkif;xm;vdkufavawmh\/
]udkbGefa[mif;&,f...bmjzpfvdkY 'gawGvdkufNyD; zHk;zHk;zdzd vkyfae&
wmwHk;}
[k armifzdk;omu ar;vdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]udk,fpcef;csoGm;wJhae&m wjcm;vlu rodatmifvkyf&wmayghuG/
wdkY xGufoGm;ayrJh 'Dae&mudk bvufb&m;om;awG a&mufvm&if wdkY
'Dae&mrSm pcef;csoGm;rSef;rod&if ydkNyD; aumif;wmayghuGm]
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf jrif;rsm;jzifh awmBuD;udk jzwfMu
av\/ xdkodkYjzwfMu&mwGif rdk;aumif;uifwpfckvHk; rnf;arSmiftHkYqdkif;ae
ojzifh c&D;vrf;yef;rombJ&Sd&m wpfaeYvHk; ESifcJhaomc&D;onf q,frdkif
ausmfausmfcefYom a&muf&SdcJhMuav\/ NyD;vQif va&mifjzifh qufvufí
c&D;ESifcJhMuav\/ odkY&mwGif noef;acgiftcsdefü awmrD;avmifaeonf
udk awGY&aomaMumifh c&D;rqufEdkifbJ em;&jyefav\/ aemufaeYwGif

118
rif;odcF r[l&m
a&mifeDvmonfESifh c&D;xGufcJhMu\/ xdkodkY c&D;xGufcJhMu&m vQdKrsm;?

acsmufrsm;aygrsm;aomae&mudk jzwf&ojzifh c&D;rwGifbJ &Sdjyefav\/
jrif;rsm;rSmvnf; vGefpGm arm[dkufaeNyDjzpf\/ xdkaMumifh jrif;rsm;udk
rMumcP tem;ay;&av\/ vQdKrsm;? acsmufrsm;aygaomae&mudk
vGefvQif rwfaom awmifurf;yg;,Hrsm;udk wuf&jyef\/ xdkYaemuf
t&dyftm0go[lí vHk;0r&Sdaom vGifwD;acgifajrjyifBuD;udk ysif;&dNiD;aiGYzG,f
jzwf&avawmh\/ xdkvGifwD;acgifBuD;udk jzwfNyD;aemuf w½kwfbHkausmif;
qefqef taqmufttHkav;udkawGYojzifh paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf
xdkbHkausmif;av;rS bkef;awmfBuD;tm; yefMum;í xdkbHkausmif;ü wnf;cdk
avawmh\/ bkef;awmfBuD;onf wnf;cdk&ef cGifhjyK\/ odkY&mwGif uydÜ,
BuD;u pnf;urf;udk vmíajymao;\/ xdkuydÜ,BuD;tm; armifzdk;omu
jrifvQifjrifjcif; i&efrefuef;[k emrnfay;vdkuf\/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf
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uydÜ,BuD;onf paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;tm; atmufygtwdkif; ajymav\/
]cifAsm;wdkY 'Dausmif;rSmwnf;&if tpm;taomuf rpm;bJ rae&
bl;/ pm;&r,f/ 'gayrJh tom;awmhpm;cGifh r&Sdbl;/ NyD;awmh 'Dausmif;rSm
ae&if a&rcsdK;bJaevdkY r&bl;/ aeYpOf a&wpfBudrfawmh csdK;&r,f/
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wnf;&if rtdyfbJ rae&bl;/ nudk;em&Dxdk;wmeJY tm;vHk; tdyf&r,f/
'gayrJh aysmfatmif rtdyf&bl;/ ta&;ay: tcsufay;&if csufcsif; Edk;&r,f/
'DrSmu tcsdefra&G; tEÅ&m,fa&mufvmEdkifwmjzpfvdkY ESpfESpfjcdKufjcdKuf
tdyfwm q&mawmfBuD;u oabmrusbl;/ owdeJYtdyfqdkwm 'Dausmif;&JU
aqmifyk'fyJ/ trSefuawmh vlqdkwm owd&Sdae&if tdyfvdkYr&bl;/ tdyf&if
vnf; owd r&SdEdkifbl;/ 'Dpum;ESpfck[m qefYusifwJh pum;vHk; ESpfvHk;udk
tjrJoHk;avh&Sdw,f/ NyD;awmh wjcm;ae&mawGrSm q&mawmfudk ½dkao&r,f/
uydÜ,udk ½dkaop&m rvdkbl; r[kwfvm;/ 'Dausmif;rSmu uydÜ,udk

119
rif;odcF r[l&m
½dkao&r,f/ q&mawmfudk jrwfEdk;&r,f/ NyD;awmh 'Dausmif;rSmae&if

uydÜ,cdkif;wm vkyf&r,f/ rvkyfcsifbl;vdkY ajymwm[m q&mawmfBuD;
udk apmfum;wmyJ/ rvkyfwwfbl;qdkwJh pum;uawmh avmuBuD;udk
apmfum;wmyJ/ 'Dausmif;rSmae&if tBuD;tuJeJY avmuBuD;udk rapmfum;
&bl;/ 'gaMumifhrdkYvdkY cdkif;wm vkyf&r,f/ q&mawmf[m wdwfqdwf
jidrfoufjcif;udk oabmusw,f/ 'gaMumifh wnf;cdkolawGu jidrfouf
&r,f/ uydÜ,BuD;[m eif;ESdyfay;jcif;udk tvdk&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh wnf;cdkol
awG[m tcsdef&&if &oavmuf uydÜ,BuD;udk eif;ESdyfay;&r,f/
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tdrfpnf;urf;? vrf;rSmae&if vrf;pnf;urf;? ausmif;rSmaeawmh ausmif;
pnf;urf;? NyD;awmh 'Dausmif;rSm q&mawmfwpfyg; &Sdw,f/ wjcm;
bkef;BuD; r&Sdbl;/ NyD;awmh uydÜ, &Sdw,f/ aemufNyD;awmh vma&muf
wnf;cdkwJh {nfhonf &Sdw,f/ 'DrSm wpfckckjzpfvdkY tjypfay;wm ]u}
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awmifukef;ay:rSmoGm;NyD; u cdkif;wmygyJ/ q&mawmfBuD;uyJ cdkif;cdkif;?
usKyfuyJ cdkif;cdkif; vkyf&rSmyJ/ tjypfr&Sdygbl;qdkNyD; jiif;qefcGifh r&Sdbl;/
r[kwf&ifvnf; u &r,f/ [kwf&ifvnf; u &r,f}
[kajymqdkum paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;tm; wnf;cdkcGifh ay;vdkuf
avawmh\/ uydÜ,BuD;onf opfom;jzifh aqmufvkyfxm;aom ESpfxyf
taqmifav;qDodkY ac:aqmif\/ xdkYaemuf txufxyf ae&mav;wGif
ae&mcsxm;ay;av\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYvnf; ygvmaom
tdyf&mrsm;udk cif;Muav\/ i&efrefuef; uydÜ,BuD;vnf; ¤if;wdkYtm;
ajymxm;aom pnf;urf;twdkif; aexdkif&ef rSmMum;NyD;vQif qif;oGm;
avawmh\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...

120
rif;odcF r[l&m
]b,fvdk[mBuD;vJ rodbl;/ olYpnf;urf;awGuvnf; udk;½dk;

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vkyfxm;wJh pnf;urf;awGyJ aerSm}
[kajym&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]tvum; t½l;BuD;.../ c&D;onfudk olYcGifxJ a&mufvmNyDqdk&if
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OD;r,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
paearmifarmifonf pGyfwjH zifh pD;u&ufudkpGyfí aomufae
av\/ xdkYaemuf rD;ckd;rsm;udk rIwfxkwfvdkuf&if; ...
]bmyJjzpfjzpf 'DvlBuD;[m awm½dkif;wd&pämefwpfaumif? odkYr[kwf
usm;wpfaumifeJY olEdkifigEdkif wdkufyGJ0ifcJhzl;w,f/ ol&JU b,fbufrsufvHk;
[m usm;ykwfvdkY xGufoGm;wm}
[k ajymvdkufvQif bGefa[mif;u ...
]0uf0HwpfaumifaMumifha&m rjzpfEdkifbl;vm; q&mBuD;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
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usm;u tjyifbufudk ykwfw,f/ rsufvHk;atmufeYJ rsufvHk;tay:u
trm&GwfESpfck[m tjyifbufudkykwfxm;wJh t&myJ/ 'gaMumifh usm;vdkY
ajymwm}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omu ...
]tjyifbufudk ykwfwmqdkwm b,fvdkrsdK;udk ajymwmvJ}
[k ar;av\/

121
rif;odcF r[l&m
]aMumifuav;awG? bmav;awG tpmykwfwm rawGYzl;bl;vm;

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udk vufjyeftaetxm;eJY ykwfwwfw,f/ tJ'gudk ajymwm}
]oabmaygufygNyD q&mBuD; oabmygufygNyD/ 'gjzifh&if 'DvlBuD;
[m tawmfhudk owdåaumif;wJhvlBuD;aygh}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkuf&m paearmifarmifu ...
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tawG;tac: aumif;NyD; owdåraumif;wJhvl[m vlaMumufuG/ tawG;
tac:vnf; raumif;? owdåvnf;raumif;wJhvl[m vlpGrf;aumif; uG/
tck i&refuef;uydÜ,BuD;[m vlqdk;uG/ vlqdk;qdkwm tcsdefra&G;? ae&m
ra&G; vlaumif;udk 'ku©ay;wwfw,f/ owdeJYaeMu}
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]bmoHvJ}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
bGefa[mif;uvnf; rodaMumif; acgif;cgjyvdkufav\/ xdktcg
paearmifarmifu ...
]apmapmu uydÜ,BuD;ajymwJh u &w,fqdkwJhae&mu toHav}

122
rif;odcF r[l&m
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&Sdaewmaygh}
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tJ'gawGu jrnfwm jzpfrSmayghuGm/ av r&yfrcsif; tJ'DtoHawG
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[kajymvdkufrS yifbGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf &,fEdkifMu
avawmhownf;/

123
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (11)
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rkwfnif;csOf0g;&if; aomufcsvdkufav\/ bGefa[mif;rSmvnf; qefjyKwf
rsm;udk aomufcsvdkuf\/ armifzdk;omonf qefjyKwfESifh rkefnif;csOfudk
Munfhum pdwfysufaeav\/ xdkYaMumifh awmfawmfEiS fh raomufbJ
qefjyKwfyef;uefudk Munfhaeav\/ xdktcsdefü uydÜ, a&mufvmav\/
xdkodkY a&mufvmNyD;vQif ...
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aewmvm; rajymwwfbl;/ cspf&ifvnf; udk,fcspfwJht&mudk udk,fhudk,fxJ
a&mufoGm;atmif aomufcsvdkuf/ rkef;&ifvnf; udk,frkef;wJht&mudk

124
rif;odcF r[l&m
pdpdnufnufaMuatmif 0g;pm;vdkufayawmh/ 'Dausmif;rSm 'Dt[m&[m

trGefjrwfqHk;yJ/ 'Dxufaumif;wm r&Sdbl;/ wpfcgwav 'gudkawmif
eyfrSefatmif r&bl;/ 'Dae&mrSm tpm;taomuf odyf&Sm;w,f}
[k ajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omu pdwfqdk;rmefqdk;jzifh ...
]cifAsm; pm;rvm;/ usKyfwdkYrSm ygw,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m uydÜ,BuD;u ...
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rSmoGm;wJh ig;ajcmufu ESpftdwf? ,kefom;ajcmufu wpftdwf? qefeDu
oHk;jynf? *sKHrIefYu enf;enf;? oumeJYaumfzDMurf;rIefYu 0g;usnfaxmufeJY
wpfvHk;? ajyza,mif;wdkifu q,fwdkif? ysm;za,mif;wdkifu ESpfwdkif?
qeft&ufu oHk;vHk;? 'l;av;u ESpfvuf? jr§m;wHu oHk;q,f? acgykwfu
ESpfxkyf? rif;wdkYypönf;awG tJ'g tukefygyJ/ ig oGm;MunfhNyD;NyD}
[k ajymvdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u &,fav\/
]armifzdk;om... oGm;NyD;rprf;eJY/ rif;xufvnfvdkY avmuBuD;rSm
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ausmif;u uydÜ,BuD;&JU tcef;xJrSm qwfom;ajcmufu wpfxkyf?
vufzufajcmufu *kefeDtdwfeYJwpfvHk;? ,kefom;uifu ESpfq,f?
'l;av;u wpfvuf? jr§m;u &Spfpif;? trsdK;orD;"mwfyHk oHk;yHk? "m;aumufu
wpfvuf/ 'DrSm uydÜ,BuD;.../ cifAsm;tcef;xJrSm&SdwJhypönf; tJ'g tukefyJ/
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[k ajymvdkuf&m uydÜ,BuD;u &,fav\/ xdkYaemuf ...
]rif;vnf; awmfawmfcspfzdkYaumif;wJh taumif/ ightcef;xJ cdk;NyD;
0ifNyD;NyDaygh/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dvdkvkyf/ tom;ajcmufenf;enf; rD;zkwfNyD;
qDqrf;ay;r,f/ wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf pm;Muayawmh/ xrif;vnf;

125
rif;odcF r[l&m
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0dkifvnf; wpftdk;&Sdw,f/ vmydkYr,f/ wdk;wdk;wdwfwdwf aomufMuaygh/
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aomufvdkY&w,f/ 'gayrJh ausmif;0if;xJrSm raomufMueJY/ a[m[dk
awmifukef;u wD;0dkif;em;rSmoGm;NyD; aomufMu/ 'gayrJh rdk;csKyfatmif
raeeJY/ usm;jzL vmvdrfhr,f}
[k uydÜ,BuD;u ajymav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ....
]cifAsm;&JU rufref;oD;0dkifudkawmh rvdkcsifbl;/ xrif;eJY tom;
ajcmufawmh vdkcsifw,f/ usKyfwdkYrSm ygvmwmawGvnf; ay;rSmyg}
[k ajymvdkuf&m uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]'DvdkyJ/ avmuBuD;qdkwm olawmfaumif;tcsif;csif; ½dkif;yif;
&w,f/ wcsKdUu em;vnfrI r&Sdbl;/ uydÜ,BuD; cdk;pm;w,feJY ajymoGm;
Muw,f/ q&mawmfudk wdkifwJhvlu wdkifoGm;Muw,f/ olwdkY em;rvnf
Mubl;/ q&mawmfhausmif;rSm aewmawmh rSefw,f/ q&mawmf usifhovdk
awmh b,fusifhEdkifrvJ/ 'gu ½dkaovdkYvkyfwm r[kwfvm;/ tJ'gudk
raumif;rIjzpfatmif ajymMuw,f/ awmfawmf tukodkvfrsm;wJh vlawGyJ}
[kajymí rD;zdkbufodkY qif;oGm;av\/
tom;uifrsm; Aef;BuD;wpfAef;ESifh toD;t&GufaMumfrsm;? tom;
uifrsm;? xrif;rsm;tjyif wloHk;pHkyg ,lvmavawmh\/ NyD;vQif ¤if;u
rufref;0dkifESpfvHk;ay;NyD; ¤if;tm; qeft&ufwpfvHk; jyefay;&ef ajymojzifh
bGefa[mif;u qeft&ufwpfvHk; ay;avonf/ NyD;vQif uydÜ,BuD;u
bGefa[mif;tm; ...
]auseyfovm;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/ bGefa[mif;uvnf; ...

126
rif;odcF r[l&m
]auseyfygw,fAsm}
[k jyefíajzvQif uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]auseyf&if avmuBuD;[m vSw,f/ rauseyf&if avmuBuD;[m
tusnf;wefw,f/ tpOfojzifh avmuBuD;udk vSatmif vkyfyg/
auseyf&if ewfjynfyJ/ rauseyf&if i&JbHkyJ/ ewfjynfrSm aervm;?
i&JjynfrSm aervm;qdkwm wjcm;vlu qHk;jzwfwm r[kwfbl;/
udk,fwdkif&JU qHk;jzwfcsufyJ/ bmjzpfvdkY i&JbHkrSm aerSmvJ}
[k ajymvkdufvQif bGefa[mif;u ...
]a[m[dku usKyfwdkYq&mBuD;rSm auseyfwmvnf; r&Sdbl;/
rauseyfwmvnf; r&Sdbl;/ olYusawmh b,fvdk ajymrvJ}
[k ar;vdkufvQif uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]tJ'gqdk&if vGwfajrmufNyDvdkY ajym&rSmaygh/ olYrSm aep&m bHkrS
r&SdawmhbJ}
[k ajymNyD;vQif atmufodkY qif;oGm;jyefav\/ armifzdk;omrSmrl
xrif;udk yvkyfyavmif; pm;aeNyDjzpf\/ xdkodkY pm;&if; ...
]'DuydÜ,BuD;awmh vlYcGpmyJ/ auR;rSm apmapmu auR;wm
r[kwfbl;/ tckusrS b,fuae xkwfvmw,f rodbl;/ toD;t&Guf
aMumfa&m? tom;uifawGa&m? xrif;a&m/ edyfvdkufwm}
[kajymí a&aEG;wpfcGuf aomufvdkuf? xrif;wpfvkyf pm;vdkuf
vkyfaeavawmh\/ nydkif;odkYa&mufvQif uydÜ,onf oumjzifhazsmfxm;
aom aumfzDMurf;rsm;vnf; vmí ay;av\/ armifzdk;omvnf; tm;&
0rf;om aumfzDcGufudk qGJav\/ xdktcsdefürSmyif uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]a[m'Du vlBuD;vlaumif; oHk;a,muftwGuf usKyftaeeJY
pdwfraumif;ygbl;/ a[m[dk ESif;rIefxJrSm rSdwfwkwfrSdwfwkwfudk awGY&

127
rif;odcF r[l&m
vdrfhr,f/ tJ'D[mawGu a[m'Du vlBuD;vlaumif;oHk;OD;&JU aorif;

awGygyJ/ q&mawmfBuD;vnf; usdef;wmeYJ ausmif;udkvmNyD; 0dkif;Mu
vdrfhr,f/ tckvnf; ta0;BuD;uaeNyD; 0dkif;xm;MuwmygyJ/ vlBuD;
vlaumif; oHk;OD;twGuf xGufayguf r&Sdawmhygbl;}
[k ajymvdkufcsdefüyif bGefa[mif;onf jywif;aygufrS vTm;ceYJ
ckefcsvdkufavawmh\/ uydÜ,BuD;onf iHkYíMunfhNyD;aemuf ...
]'DvBl uD;vlaumif;u b,fudkajy;rSmwHk;/ tjyifbufrSm 0dkif;xm;
NyD;NyD/ b,fvdkrS ajy;vdkYrvTwfawmhbl;}
[kajymvQif paearmifarmifu pD;u&ufwpfvdyfxkwfí rD;n§djyD;
rD;cdk;rsm;udk rIwfxkwfNyD; ESif;rIefrsm;Mum;rS rIefwdrIef0g; omaeaom
vrif;udk t&omcHí Munfh½Iaeav\/ xdkYaMumifh uydÜ,BuD;u ...
]vrif;u vSw,f? aojcif;u rvSbl; paearmifarmif}
]usKyfrSm aojcif; r&Sdbl;/ tJ'DvdkyJ &Sifjcif;vnf; r&Sdbl;/
usKyf[m aojcif;? &Sifjcif;eJY vGwfajrmufaewJhol jzpfw,f/ NyD;awmh
cifAsm; b,folvJqdkwmvnf; usKyfodw,f/ cifAsm;[m bvuf
b&m;om; wpfa,muf jzpfw,f/ ajrmufydkif; awmifay:a'oawGrSm
usufpm;aewJh ]apmvl;} r[kwfvm;/ 'Dausmif;u q&mawmfBuD;udk zrf;NyD;
cifAsm; ajrwdkufxJrSm xm;w,f/ usKyfwdkY 'Dudk 0ifr,fqdkwmodvdkY cifAsm;
BudKNyD; 'Dudka&mufaewm r[kwfvm;/ NyD;awmh usKyfwdkYjrif;ESpfaumifudk
,lNyD; cifAsm;vlawGqDudk cifAsm; wpfa,mufvTwfNyD; taMumif;Mum;cdkif;
vdkufvdkY cifAsm;vlawG a&mufvmwm r[kwfvm;/ odyfNyD;oem;zdkY
aumif;w,f rpöwmapmvl;/ tJ'Dawmh tcsdef&Sdao;w,f/ pOf;pm;yg/
cifAsm;vlawG jyefNyD;odrf;ay;r,fqdk&if cifAsm;toufudk cifAsm;vuf
xJjyefNyD; ay;cJhr,f/ tJ'DvdkrSr[kwf&ifawmh usKyfwdkY 'Du xGuf&if

128
rif;odcF r[l&m
cifAsm;toufudk usKyfwpfcgwnf; ,loGm;&vdrfhr,f/ usKyfemrnfudk

Mum;zl;w,f r[kwfvm;}
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awmh\/
ausmuf
paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf wa&GUa&GUESifh vmcJhMu&m vGefpGm

jrifhrm;rwfaom ausmufawmifBuD;wpfckqDodkY a&muf&SdcJhMuavawmh\/
xdkae&modkYta&mufü paearmifarmifu ajryHkudkjzefYMunfhNyD;vQif oHvdkuf
tdrfajr§mifudkxkwfum wGufcsufí ...
]bGefa[mif;a&.. a[m[dku csHKEG,fydwfaygif;awG ydwfqdkYaewJh
awmifBuD;[m r&PvdkPf*l&SdwJh awmifBuD;yJ/ tJ'DrSm usKyfwdkY pGefYpm;rI
twGuf &r,fh&wemawGvnf; &Sdw,f/ NyD;awmh usKyfwdkY&JU aorif;vnf;
tJ'Du apmifhaevdrfhr,f/ aorif;u oHk;rsdK;uG/ bvufb&mom;awGeJY
awGY&ifvnf; aoEdkifw,f/ vdkPf*lxJrSm a&S;tcguwnf;u cvkwfawG
qifxm;wmqdkawmh rSm;NyD;eif;rd&ifvnf; aoEdkifw,f/ NyD;awmh vdkPf*l
a[mif;BuD;qdkawmh a>rawG? usm;awG? vdkPf*ljydKusrSmawGyg pOf;pm;&if
tEÅ&m,f oHk;rsdK;ayghAsm}
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wdkY &r,f/ qkvmbfuawmh wpfckwnf;yJ}
[kajymvQif paearmifarmifu ...

129
rif;odcF r[l&m
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ESpfck/ wpfckuawmh udk,fhvlajymwJh &wemaygh/ 'gu vufqkyfvufudkif
jyvdkY&wJh qkvmbf/ tjcm;qkvmbfuawmh a,mufsm;wpfa,muf
jzpfvmwJhb0rSm toufeYJvJNyD; pGefYpm;zl;w,f/ atmifjrifzl;w,fqdkwm
qkyfudkifvdkY r&ayr,fh tifrwefta&;BuD;wJh qkvmbfAs/ wpfaeYaeY
wpfcsdefcsdefrSm a,mufsm;tcsif;csif; a&aEG;Murf;aomuf&if; pum;0dkif;zGYJ
ajymwJhtcg wjcm;a,mufsm;u olYb0rSm awGYMuHKcJhwJh pGefYpm;cef;awGudk
ajymwJhtcgrSm udk,fu yg;pyfta[mif;om;eJY em;axmif&rSm &SufzdkY
raumif;bl;vm;}
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rvdkygbl;/ pGefYpm;cef;0wåKwpfyk'f aumif;aumif; aMunufatmif
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eYJ ajymr,f}
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tdEd´,jynfrSm ppfrIxrf;zl;wJhvlwpfa,muf usKyfwdkYeJY pum;w0dkif;wnf;
ajymzl;w,f/ ol[m usKyfwdkY rodbl;qdkNyD; rufqdkydkaw;rD;,m; ppfajrjyif
rSm b,fvdk pGefYpm;cJhaMumif; vkyfMuHNyD;ajymwm em;axmifzl;ygw,f/
odyf&,fzdkY aumif;wmyJ/ vkyfMuHNyD; ajymwmqdkawmh tuGufawGu
[maewmaygh../ tJ'DrSm tjidrfraeEdkifwJh vlwpfa,mufu jyefNyD;ar;w,f/
ar;wJhar;cGef;u cyfvG,fvG,fygyJ/ rdwfaqGBuD;ajymovdk pGefYpm;
wdkufcdkufNyD; vGwfajrmufvmw,fqdkwm ,Hkygw,f/ wpfckyJ ar;p&m
&Sdw,f/ tJ'Davmuf pGefYpm;cJhw,fqdk&if ol&owdåeJY ywfoufwJh
qkwHqdyfawG bmawG &rSmaygh/ rjrifzl;vdkY Munfhyg&ap/ jyprf;ygvdkY

130
rif;odcF r[l&m
ajymawmh tJ'DvlBuD;[m &Sufudk;&Sufuef; jzpfoGm;w,f/ NyD;awmh 'gu

'Dvdk&Sdw,fAsm/ usKyfpGefYpm;cJhwmawGuawmh ra&rwGufEdkifygbl;/ 'gayrJh
wHqdyf&zdkY Zmwmu rygbl;eJY wlyg&JUAsmvdkY t&Sufajy jyefajym&&Smw,f/
'Dxufydkqdk;wmuawmh tJ'Dvl yg0ifwJhwyfudk tkyfcsKyfwJh vufzwifeif
av;[m u&iftrsdK;om;av;As/ usKyfeJY tifrwefcifw,f/ tJ'DAdkvfav;
u usKyfudk olYtaMumif;MuHKvmwdkif; 'Dvl[m aq;½Hkwufaew,fwJh/ ol
usKyfwdkYudkajymwJh wdkufyGJawGtm;vHk;[m olrygwJhwdkufyGJawGjzpfaeaMumif;
usKyf odNyD;om;yJ/ tJ'Dawmh usKyfu usKyfeJYodwJh ppfAdkvfuav;&JU
emrnfudk usKyf olYudk ajymjyvdkufw,f/ tJ'Duwnf;u 'DvleJYywfoufwJh
pGefYpm;cef;awG usKyf em;raxmif&awmhbl;/ 'Dawmh armifzdk;om&JU NzD;r,f
qdkwJhtpDtpOfudk tckuwnf;u &yfqdkif;vdkufyg}
xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf xdkae&müyif pcef;csum qef
eDrsm;udk csufjyKwfpm;aomufMuav\/ csufjyKwf&mü paearmifarmifu
bGefa[mif;tm; ...
]bGefa[mif;a&... aumif;aumif;av; csufprf;yg/ 'Dxrif;[m
usKyfwdkYtwGuf aemufqHk;xrif; jzpfcsifjzpfrSm/ aumif;aumif;av; pm;Mu
&atmif}
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bGefa[mif;vnf; tom;ajcmufrsm;udk qDjyef csufjyKwfav\/
paearmifarmifESifh bGefa[mif;onf Nrdef&SufpGmpm;\/ armifzdk;om
omvQif tpm;taomuf ysufae\/ xdkYaMumifh bGefa[mif;u ...
]pm;prf;yg armifzdk;om&JU/ ao&r,fqdkwmeYJ tpm;taomuf
ysufaevm;/ aovnf; aysmfaysmfaygh igvl&m/ aemuf armifzdk;omudk
ajym&OD;r,f/ aow,fqdkwm armifzdk;om xifovdk odyfNyD;epfemwJh

131
rif;odcF r[l&m
udpörsdK; r[kwfbl;aemf/ ausmif;uxGufNyD; tvkyf0ifwJh oabmrsdK;yJ/

ausmif;bufu ar;&ifawmh xGufoGm;wmaygh/ tvkyfbufu ar;&if
0ifvmwmav/ 'DrSm aoNyD; aemufwpfckjzpfrSm r[kwfvm;/ wpfcgwnf;
NyD;oGm;wmrS r[kwfbJ/ bmrsm; aMumufp&m&SdvdkYwHk;/ tdyf&rSmudk
raMumuf&if ao&rSmudkvnf; raMumufeJY/ tdyfaoma,mufsm;
Edk;aomfvm;qdkwJh pum;twdkif;yJ/ tdyf&mu Edk;vmovdk [dkbufrSm
b0topf jzpfrSm/ b,favmuf aumif;ovJ/ tJ'Dawmh pm;prf;yg
armifzdk;om&,f/ aocgeD;rSm aumif;aumif;uef;uef;av; pm;roGm;bl;
qdkwm redyfygbl;}
]pm;awmh pm;ygw,f udkbGefa[mif;&,f/ 'gayrJh rsdKvdkYrusbl;}
[k jyefíajym&Smav\/
xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifonf bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm;
wpfa&;wpfarmtdyfpuf&ef? ¤if; EdI;rS tdyf&mrSx&ef rSmMum;í tdyfpufcdkif;
av\/ bGefa[mif;onf om;a&jym;wpfcsyfudkcif;í vG,ftdwfudk acgif;
tHk;um pwifí tdyfpufavawmh\/ armifzdk;omrSmrl tdyfraysmfEdkif ao;bJ
wvIyfvIyfw&G&G jzpfae\/ paearmifarmifonf ¤if;udk,fwdkifvnf;
ESpfESpfjcdKufjcdKuf tdyfpufav\/ xdkodkY tdyfpufcJh&m wpfem&D jynfhaom
tcgü paearmifarmifonf tdyf&mrS Edk;av\/ tdyf&mrSEdk;vQif
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm; EdI;av\/ bGefa[mif;onf tdyf&mrSxí
teD;&Sda&tdkifwGif rsufESmopf\/ xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;u armifzdk;om
tm; ...
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]rsufESmopfp&m rvdkygbl;/ usKyf tdyfrSrtdyfbJ}

132
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k jyefíajymvQif ...
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[k bGefa[mif;u ar;vQif armifzdk;omu ...
]tdyfawmh tdyfwmayghAsm/ 'gayrJh tdyfvdkY raysmfbl;As}
[líajzvQif bGefa[mif;onf &,fav\/
]cufawmhwmyJ armifzdk;om&,f/ rif;u aMumufw,fqdkvdkY igwdkY
u jyefvTwfvdkY r&awmhbl;/ rif;udkjyefqdk&if rif; b,fvdkjyef&r,frSef;
odrSmr[kwfbl;/ rif;b0u bmeJYwlovJqdkawmh zsmvdyfxJ 0ifwdk;rdwJh
acG;vdkyJ/ a&SUudkvnf; rwdk;&J? aemufudkvnf; rqkwf&JeJY/ wdk;p&m
&Sd&ifawmh a&SUudk &J&JqufNyD;wdk;&if zsmvdyfxJu vTwfoGm;Edkifw,f/
bvufb&m;om;awGeJYawGY&if aMumufw,fqdkNyD; olwdkYu rowfbJaerSm
r[kwfbl;aemf/ aMumuf&ifvnf; olwdkYu owfrSmyJ}
[k ajymav\/
naeapmif;vQif paearmifarmifu ...
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apmif;&ifawmh cPem;NyD; c&D;qufMuwmaygh/ v omw,fuG/
bmyJjzpfjzpf rdk;rvif;cif vdkPf*ludka&mufrS jzpfr,f}
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odrf;qnf;Muav\/ þodkY c&D;xGufvmNyD; ae0ifoGm;aomtcgü
¤if;wdkYonf acwå&yfem;Muav\/ &yfem;pOftwGif; ygvmaomtpm;
taomufrsm;udk pm;aomufMuav\/ xdkYaemuf v xGufvQif c&D;quf
Muav\/ xdkodkY c&D;qufcJhMu&m oef;acgiftcsdefodkY a&mufaomtcgü
prf;a&usoHudk Mum;&\/ xdkae&modkYa&mufvQif bGefa[mif;onf
ajcmufvHk;jyL;udkudkifí a&SU 0g;av;ig;½dkufcefYcGmum a&SUrSoGm;\/ a&SUwGif

133
rif;odcF r[l&m
awGY&aomtajctaeudk paearmifarmiftm; vuf[efajc[efjzifh jyefí

jy\/ paearmifarmifonf bGefa[mif;\ tajcudkMunfhí aemufrS
vdkuf&\/ wpfae&modkYta&mufwGif bGefa[mif;onf &yfíae&mrS
paearmifarmiftm; vSrf;ítcsufjyvdkuf\/ paearmifarmifonf &yf½Hk
rQru ausmufwHk;wpfwHk;udk tumtuG,f,lí uG,faevdkuf\/
armifzdk;omrSmrl &efolawGYNyD[k oabmaygufaomaMumifh ajrBuD;ay:wGif
jym;íaeatmif 0yfvdkuf\/ bGefa[mif;onf ajcoHrMum;atmifeif;vsuf
paearmifarmif&Sd&modkY jyefíqkwfvm\/ paearmifarmifu bGefa[mif;
tm; ....
]bmawGYovJ bGefa[mif;}
[kajym&if; ausmufwHk;tuG,fbufqDodkY qGJoGif;vdkuf\/
]&efolawmh [kwfr,frxifbl; q&mBuD;/ q&mBuD;udk,fwdkif
vmMunfhOD;}
[kqdkojzifh paearmifarmifvnf; bGefa[mif;ESifhtwl vdkufygí
oGm;\/ 0g;wpf½dkufcefY a&mufaomtcgü bGefa[mif;onf pae
armifarmiftm; ¤if;awGYjrifaomt&mudk jyovdkufav\/ obm0
ausmufzsmBuD;wGif ausmufqpf½yk fxkxm;bdouJYodkY jidrfíxdkifaeaom
OD;jynf;uwHk;ESifhvlwpfa,mufudk awGY&av\/
]wpfyg;wnf; awm0ifusifhaewJh vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;eYJwlw,f/
tEÅ&m,f r&SdEdkifygbl;/ tem;oGm;Mu&atmif}
[kqdkum paearmifarmifu OD;aqmifí tem;odkYuyf\/
bGefa[mif;url aoewfjzifhcsdefxm;ojzifh paearmifarmifu
þodkY rcsdef&ef vuf[efajc[efjzifh jyvdkufav\/ xdktcgrSyif
bGefa[mif;vnf; aoewfudk odrf;vdkufav\/ armifzdk;omrSmrl pae
armifarmif\ ausmudk tumtuG,f,lí aemufrSuyfívdkuf\/ pae

134
rif;odcF r[l&m
armifarmifonf ausmufzsmteD;odkY uyfíoGm;NyD;vQif teD;uyfí

Munfh\/ xdkodkY Munfhvdkuf&m toufoHk;q,fausmft&G,fcefYom
&Sdao;aom vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;wpfyg; jzpfaMumif;udk awGY&avawmh\/

135
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (12)
r&P*l0BuD;teD;
paearmifarmifonf vuftkyfcsDí *g&0jyKvdkuf\/ xdktcg

vm;rm;bkef;awmfBuD;onf rsufvHk;udk tomt,mzGifhNyD;vQif ¤if;\
bmompum;jzifh ajymav\/ xdkt"dyÜm,fudk paearmifarmifu uREkfyfwdkY
tm; atmufygtwdkif; t"dyÜm,fjyefjyav\/
]vlqdkwm a&awmh aomuf&rSmyJ/ 'gayrJh udk,fcyfxm;wJhtdk;xJu
udk,fha&udkyJ udk,faomuf&r,f/ olwpfyg;tdk;xJua&udk raomuf&bl;/
ck oifwdkYoGm;NyD;cyfrSm olrsm;tdk;xJua& jzpfvdrfhr,f/ 'ku©BuD;pGm
awGYvdrfhr,f/ 'ku©qdkwm rvmbJaecsif&if aewwfw,f/ vm&ifvnf;
tpktaygif;eJY vmwwfw,f/ 'ku©xJrSm epfoGm;&if jyefay:vmzdkYcufw,f}

136
rif;odcF r[l&m
paearmifarmifwdkYvlpkonf vm;rm;bkef;BuD;\pum;udk jidrfí

em;axmifaeav\/ xdkodkY em;axmifNyD;vQif paearmifarmifu ...
]tck wynfhawmfodkY oGm;NyD;cyfrSm[m wynfhawmfwdkY udk,fydkiftdk;
r[kwfygbl;/ 'gayrJh ydkif&Sifvnf; r&Sdbl;qdkawmh cyfoifhw,f r[kwfvm;}
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137
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138
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139
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140
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141
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142
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\/ xdkYaMumifh bGefa[mif;vnf; apGYceJ tem;rS xGufoGm;avawmh\/
paearmifarmifonf ajcmufvHk;jyL;aoewfudkudkifí tjcm;wpfzufrS
auGY0dkufí r&PvdkPf*lbufqDodkY csHKzkwfrsm;udk uG,fí xGufoGm;av\/
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143
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144
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145
rif;odcF r[l&m
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146
rif;odcF r[l&m
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armifzdk;omu ...
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[k tvefYwMum; atmfav\/ xdkYaMumifh bGefa[mif;u ...
]rif; bmudk atmfaewmvJ}
[kar;vQif armifzdk;omu ...
][dkrSm rawYGbl;vm;/ aysmhaysmhajymifajymifBuD; wGefYwGefY
wGefYwGefeJY a&GUaewm}
]tJ'g a>r ac:w,f/ pyg;BuD;a>r ESpfcsKdUBuD;ayghuGm/ acgif;u *l&JU
[dkbufrSm/ tjrD;u 'DbufrSm usefaew,f/ bmrS aMumufp&mrvdkbl;/
wdkYu cg;&JUay:u ausmfNyD; oGm;MurSm? ol bmrSrvkyfEdkifbl;}
][kwfyghrvm; udkbGefa[mif;&,f}
][kwfygw,f armifzdk;om&JU/ raMumufygeJY/ a[m[dkrSm q&mBuD;
ausmfoGm;wm awGYovm;}

147
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufojzifh armifzdk;om vSrf;íMunfhvdkuf&m pae

armifarmifonf a&pnfydkif;cefY&Sdaom a>rBuD;tm; vufjzifhaxmufí
vTm;ceJausmfoGm;av\/

148
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (13)
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[kwfvm;...}
[k armifzdk;omu aMumufvefYwMum; ajymav\/
a>rBuD;teD;odkY a&mufaomtcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]uJ...ighvl/ aMumufaevdkY r&awmhbl;/ aMumufaevdkY
aemufqkwfoGm;vdkYvnf; r&awmhbl;/ ig apmifhaer,f/ rif; ausmf}
[kajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omonf a>rBuD;\ausmay:wGif vuf
axmufí aMumufaMumufvefYvefYESifh ausmfvdkufavawmh\/

149
rif;odcF r[l&m
xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;vnf; vufaxmufí ausmfav\/ NyD;vQif

qufavQmufvmcJh&m a&tdkifwpftdkifudk awGY&av\/ a&uefteD;odkY
a&mufvQif paearmifarmifonf a&uefudk &yfí Munfhaeav\/
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omvnf; ¤if;teD;odkY a&muf&Sdvmav\/
paearmifarmifonf ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;bufvSnfhum ...
]]'Da&uefxJrSm ]nH} aumifqdkwm&Sdw,f/ tJ'D nHaumif[m
olYyHkoP²mefu a>rvdkyJ/ 'gayrJh a>rawmh r[kwfygbl;/ tJ'DtaumifrSm
tqdyfvnf; r&Sdbl;/ 'gayrJh 'Dtaumif[m odyfNyD; oefw,f/
taumifuvnf; wpfvHavmuf&Sw d Jh taumifuaeNyD; oabFmwpfpD;udk
qGJjr§KyfEdkifwJh taumifxd trsdK;rsdK;&Sdw,f/ odyfaMumufzdkYaumif;wJh
taumif/ a[m'Dvdk vlola0;wJh a&uefawGrSm txl;ojzifh aus;iSuf
wd&pämef rvmEdkifwJh a&uefawGrSm nHaumif aewwfw,f/ nHaumif&SdwJh
a&uef&JU abmifawG[m nHaumif&JU udk,feJY yGwfwdkufxm;vdkY acsmae
wwfw,f/ uJ... b,fvdkvkyfrvJ bGefa[mif;a&}}
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jzpfjzpf 'DuefBuD;udk jzwf&rSmyJ/ &SdorQcGeftm;eJY ckcH&rSmyJ}
]rEdkif&if b,fheJYvkyfrvJ.. udkbGefa[mif;}
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owfvdkY aow,fqdkwmr&Sdbl;/ ig wpfa,mufwnf;uG/ b,favmuf
aumif;ovJ}

150
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufvQif paearmifarmifu jyHK;av\/

armifzdk;omurl ...
]usKyfjzifh aMumufygw,fAsm}
[kajymav\/ xdkYaMumifh bGefa[mif;u ...
]aeprf;ygOD;...armifzdk;om&,f/ rif;u b,folYtm;udk;eJY 'Davmuf
aMumufae&wmvJ}
[k t&Tef;azmufvdkufav\/ armifzdk;omu ...
]ta&;xJ t&Tef;azmufraeprf;ygeJY/ cifAsm; b,fvdkyJ [mo
vkyfvkyf usKyfuawmh r&,fEdkifbl; udkbGefa[mif;a&..}
[k ajymav\/
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jzwfMuav\/ uHaumif;onf[kyif qdk&rnfjzpf\/ rnfonfhnHaumifrS
¤if;wdkYtm; 'ku©ray;ay/ ¤if;wdkYonf uefwpfzufodkY a&mufaomtcgü
c&D;qufMu\/ odkY&mwGif xdkaeYtzdkY rdk;csKyfoGm;NyDjzpfojzifh vdkPf*l\
ajcmufaoGYonfhae&mü c&D;qufroGm;awmhbJ pcef;csMuav\/ xdkodkY
pcef;csaomtcgü paearmifarmifonf r[l&mausmufeufwHk;rS ul;,l
xm;aom oauFwrsm;udk rD;xGef;í zwf½Iav\/
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'gayrJh tv,fvrf;udk vdkuf&r,fvdkY oauFw jyxm;w,f/ tJ'Duae
qufNyD;oGm;&if armif;wufawG? cvkyfawG&Sdw,f/ odyfudk owdxm;
&r,f/ tJ'Dae&mawGuawmh a&S;uvl&JUÓPfeJY usKyfwdkY&JUÓPf upm;
&r,f/ ÓPfwl&ifawmh &rSmyJ/ ÓPf&nfrwl&ifawmh 'ku©awGYzdkY &Sdw,f/
bmyJjzpfjzpf &wemypönf;awG&SdwJh ae&mudkawmh ta&muf oGm;&rSmyJ/
xm;wJhvluvnf; &wemawGudk xm;cJhwmyJ/ udk,fu r,lEdkifbl;qdkwm

151
rif;odcF r[l&m
nHh&musw,f/ jzpfwJhenf;eJY &atmif,l&r,f/ wu,fvdkY &cJh&ifvnf;

tJ'Dypönf;awG[m q,foufpm;vdkY ukefrSmr[kwfbl;}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymav\/ xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;ESifh
armifzdk;omwdkYonf &orQtcsdefuav;ü tdyfpufMuav\/ aearmifarmif
wpfOD;wnf;om a&SUquf&rnfh c&D;pOftwGuf pOf;pm;aeav\/
aemufwpfaeYeHeuf rdk;vif;aomtcgü vdkPf*ltwGif;odkY tvif;a&mif
tenf;i,f 0ifa&mufvmav\/ paearmifarmifonf tdwfaqmifem&Dudk
xkwfí MunfhvdkufNyD;aemuf ...
]uJ..bGefa[mif;wkdY? armifzdk;omwdkYa&/ c&D;qufMuOD;pdkY}
[kqdkum c&D;quf&ef jyifqifcdkif;av\/ bGefa[mif;onf
a&pdrfxm;aomyJrsm;udkxnfhxm;aom tdwfudkzGifhí paearmifarmifESifh
armifzdk;omtm; yJvufwpfqkyfcefYpD ay;\/ paearmifarmifESifh
armifzdk;omvnf; yJvufwpfqkyfpmcefYpDudk pm;NyD; a&bl;rS a&udk
aomufvdkufMu&av\/
xdkYaemuf c&D;qufcJhMu\/ wpfae&modkYta&mufwGif t½dk;pk
wpfckudk awGY&\/ xdkYaemuf c&D;qufoGm;&m rsm;pGmaom t½dk;pkwdkYudk
awGY&\/ armifzdk;omonf vGefpGm aMumufaeNyD jzpfav\/ bGefa[mif;
onf t½dk;pkrsm;udk MunfNh yD;aemuf ...
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jzpfNyD; aow,fvdkY rajymEdkifbl;}
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0ifw,f/ 'Dawmh touf½SLusyfNyD; aowmaygh/ tJ'gu b,fvdk tcsdefrsdK;
awGrSm jzpfwwfovJqdk&if aqmif;tcg? aqmif;tukef aEGtul;rSm
jzpfwwfw,f/ awmifay:u ajrawGrSm umbGef"mwfaiGYawG jzpfwwf

152
rif;odcF r[l&m
w,f/ 'gayrJh 'D&moDrSm rjzpfEdkifygbl;/ rdk; aumif;aumif;&Gmxm;vdkY

"mwfaiGYawG rjzpfwwfygbl;/ tJ'gudk raMumufeYJ/ aMumuf&rSmu
vdkPf*lxJu jyeftxGuf bvufb&m;om;awG ydwfxm;vdkY txJrSm
tpmiwfNyD; ao&rSmudkyJaMumuf}
]tJ'DtwGufawmh rylygbl; q&mBuD;&,f/ bmyJjzpfjzpf
'Dbvufb&m;om;qdkwJh taumifawGudk &atmifwdkufNyD; xGufr,f/
wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf wdkufcdkufw,fqdkwm ÓPf&nfÓPfaoG;
ta&;BuD;ygw,f/ q&mBuD;wpfa,mufvHk; ygaerSawmh 'DaumifawGudk
uRefawmf vHk;0 raMumufygbl;]
[k ajymvkduf&m armifzdk;omu ...
]ÓPf&nfÓPfaoG; ta&;BuD;w,fqdkawmh cifAsm;ÓPfudk tm;
udk;r,f rSwfw,f../ cifAsm;u q&mBuD;ÓPfudk tm;udk;wmudk;}
][... armifzdk;om&/ q&mBuD; ryg&ifawmh ighÓPf igtm;udk;
&rSmaygh/ q&mBuD;ygawmh q&mBuD;ÓPfudkyJ tm;udk;&awmhrSmaygh}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf qufíoGm;Muav\/ xdkodkY
oGm;MuNyD;aemuf vdkPf*l\ usOf;aomtydkif;odkY a&mufoGm;avawmh\/
wpfa,mufpD0ifrS &Edkifatmif usOf;oGm;\/ xdkae&modkYa&mufvQif
paearmifarmifonf a&SUrSaeí udk,fudkapmif;í 0if\/ bGefa[mif;u
tv,frS vdkuf\/ armifzdk;omrl aMumufaMumuf&GUH&GUHESifh aemufrS
vdkuf\/ usOf;aomae&m vGefoGm;onfESifhwpfjydKifeuf tvif;a&mifudk
&&Sdav\/ ae&mrSmvnf; tqrwef us,f0ef;onfudk awGY&\/

153
rif;odcF r[l&m
]bGefa[mif;a&../ a[m'D tvif;a&mif 0ifyHkuawmh qef;w,f/

taygufudk rawGY&bl;/ a[m[dk ausmufcsyfjym;BuD;awGu vif;aewm/
tJ'Dausmufcsyfjym;BuD;awGudk taygufu tvif;a&mifu ½dkufw,f/
a[m'D ausmufcsyfjym;BuD;awGuaewpfqifh tvif;a&mifu 'Dae&mudk
&w,f/ 'gayrJh vlawGvkyfxm;wm r[kwfbl;/ obm0u vkyfxm;wm/
a[m[dk tv,fu ae&mrSm ausmufurl jrifhjrifh awGYw,fr[kwfvm;/
tJ'g[m &wemxm;wJhae&m jzpfvdrfhr,f/ wpfckodxm;zdkYuawmh
'Dae&mrSm bmrS us,fus,faavmifavmif toHrxGufzdkYyJ/ tJ'D
toHaMumifh yJwifxyfNyD; a[m'D ausmuftrdk;BuD; jydKusvdrfhr,f/
'Dausmuftrdk;BuD; jydKus&ifawmh ajrzdkYNyD;om; jzpfvdrfhr,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]uRefawmfwdkY bmqufvkyfrvJ q&mBuD;/ q&mBuD;ajymovdk
a[m[dk url[m &wemypönf;xm;wJh ae&mqd&k if uRefawmfwdkY[m
&wemypönf;awG &NyDaygh}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymav\/
]igawmh 'Dae&myJvdkY xifwmyJ/ a[m'DrSm r[l&mausmufeufwHk;
uav;u jyxm;wJh oauFwrSmvnf; 'Dae&mrSm &wemypönf;awG
&SdaMumif; jyxm;w,f}
[k q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu jyefíajymav\/ xdktcg
bGefa[mif;u ...
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cvkwfuefoif;awG awGYr,f/ vQdKU0Sufarmif;wufawG? axmifacsmufawG
awGYr,f xifxm;wm/ tckvdk a&Sma&Sm½SL½SL a&mufvmwm odyfNyD;tHhMozdkY
aumif;wmyJ}
[k ajymvdkuf&m paearmifarmifu jyHK;av\/

154
rif;odcF r[l&m
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c&D;[m renf;bl;/ vdkPfacgif;xJrSm rnf;arSmifaewmyJ/ 'Dae&m
a&mufatmif vlwpfa,mufudk usyfusyfwnf;wnf; 0ifcJh&w,f/ tJ'Dvdk
vmcJhNyD; 'Dae&mrSmvnf;a&mufa&m vdkPfacgif;eJYawmif rwlawmhbl;/
]ypfum',fvD} Zmwf½HkBuD; usaewmyJ/ NyD;awmhvnf; tayguf rawGY&bJ
tvif;a&mifawG[m ausmufcsyfjym;awGudk½dkufNyD; 0ifaevdkufwm tvGef
awmfwJh tmuDwufwpfOD; aqmufxm;wJh twdkif;yJ/ 'gayrJh rif; wpfck
pOf;pm;Munfhprf;/ igwdkY &yfaewm[m tvGefus,f0ef;wJh Zmwf½HkBuD;eJY
wlwJh ausmuf*lBuD;&JU tpGefrSm &yfaewmaemf/ &wemypönf;awGxm;wJh
ausmufurl[m 'Dausmuf*lBuD;&JU tv,fwnfhwnfhrSm &Sdaew,f/
tJ'Dae&mudk oGm;&OD;rSmuG/ c&D;u rqHk;ao;bl;aemf/ tjrif eD;ayrJh
oGm;zdkYu vG,fr,frxifbl;/ 'DMum;xJrSm 'ku©trsm;BuD; awGYEdkifw,f/
zefwD;xm;yHkuvnf; odyfNyD; vSyacsmrGwfaewmyJ/ igwdkY a&SUudk qufeif;
vdkufwmeJY atmufudk uRHusoGm;rvm;? tay:u jydKusvmrvm; rodbl;/
taumif;qHk;u 'Dae&mrSm jidrfjidrfav; xdkifaewm taumif;qHk;yJ/ NyD;rS
wdkY av;av;eufeuf pOf;pm;Mu&atmif}
[k q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu ajymvdkuf&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]&ufawG tMumBuD; tcsdefqGJvdkYawmh r&bl;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh
&du©mu odyfr&Sdawmhbl;/ txl;ojzifh a&aygh q&mBuD;}
[k ajymvdkufvQif paearmifarmifu ...
]pOf;pm;r,fhtcsdef&,f? &du©m&,f? 'ku©&,f[m uGufwjd zpfaeNyD
udk,fhvla&/ bmyJjzpfjzpf uREkfyfu rtdyf&ao;bl;/ usKyf wpfa&;
tdyfOD;r,f/ udk,fhvlwdkYvnf; a&mufwJhae&mrSm jidrfjidrfav; xdkifae
Muaya&mh}
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tdwfudkjzKwfum acgif;tHk;tjzpf toHk;jyKNyD;vQif pefYpefY&efY&efYBuD;

155
rif;odcF r[l&m
tdyfvdkufavawmh\/ rsm;rMumrDü tdyfaysmfoGm;avawmh\/ bGefa[mif;

ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf aq;vdyfudk,fpDzGmMu\/
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ao&rSmyJ/ igwdkYq&mBuD;awmif pdwfysufNyD; tdyfaysmfoGm;NyD}
[k bGefa[mif;u ajymvkdufvQif armifzdk;omonf rsufESm
tBuD;tus,f ysufoGm;avawmh\/ xdkYaemuf ...
]raoatmif 'Dvdkvkyfr,fAsm/ aemufaMumif; jyefqkwfoGm;r,f}
[kajym&m bGefa[mif;u ...
][dk uefrSm nHaumifeJY awGYr,f/ tJ'DuvGef&if [dka>rBuD;eYJ
awGYr,f/ tJ'guvGef&if tpm&SmNyD;jyefvmwJh usm;opfreJY awGYr,f/
tJ'DuvGef&if *l0rSmapmifhaewJh bvufb&m;om;awGeJY awGYr,f/
wpfae&mrSm rao&if wpfae&mrSm aorSmyJ}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
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'gyJ} [k ajymvdkufavawmh\/
rsm;rMumrDtcsdefüyif paearmifarmifonf tdyf&mrS Edk;vm
avawmh\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifonf ausmufeufwHk;rS oauFw
rsm;udk BunfhNyD;aemuf ...

156
rif;odcF r[l&m
]bGefa[mif;a&.. a[m[dk tv,facgifu ausmufurlav;udk

b,fvrf;u oGm;oGm; axmifacsmufawG csnf;yJuG/ vGwfzdkYudk r&Sdbl;/
tJ'Dawmh enf;wpfenf;yJ &Sdw,f/ BudK;uGif;eYJ a[m[dk ausmufjym;udk
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vGwfus&ifvnf; ydkufqHrwfapheJY iHkxm;ayawmh/ vGwfvrf; r&Sdbl;/
aorSmyJ/ tJ'D ausmufcsyfjym;udk &atmifwufEdkif&if tvif;a&mif0ifwJh
taygufudk awGY&vdrfhr,f/ igawG;wJhtwdkif; tJ'DrSm tayguf&Sd&ifawmh
wdkYoHk;a,muf&JUtouf[m csrf;om&m &r,f}
[k ajymvdkufvQif bGefa[mif;onf BudK;udk uGif;avQmvkyfí
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aeav\/ tBudrfaygif;rsm;pGm ypfNyD;aemuf ausmufpGef;wpfckwGif wJwJ
uav; oGm;íjidav\/ bGefa[mif;onf uGif;avQmwif;&ef qGJvdkuf
NyD;aemuf BudK;udkqGJNyD;vQif wjznf;jznf; wufoGm;av\/ xdkae&modkY
a&mufNyD;aemuf ausmufeH&H tpGef;ESpfzufudk ajcjzifh uefNyD;aemuf
txufrS ausmufeH&HpGef;wpfckudk uGif;avQmjzifh ypfjyef\/ vGefpGm
onf;xdwf&ifzdkzG,f aumif;awmh\/ txufrS ausmufpGef;wpfckudk
wJwJuav; jidjyef\/ bGefa[mif;onf qGJí wufjyef\/ xdkodkY
qGJwufpOf jyKwfuscJhygu t½dk;tom;yif &Smí&vdrfhr,fr[kwf/
bGefa[mif;onf owdBuD;pGmjzifh wufae\/
armifzdk;omrSmrl bGefa[mif;udkMunfhí acR;oD;acR;aygufrsm;
usae\/ bGefa[mif;onf xdkausmufpGef;odkY a&mufaomtcgü txufrS
ausmufpGef;udk vSrf;í BudK;ypfwifjyef\/ vuftHaoavmufatmif
ypfNyDd;aemuf ausmufpGef;wpfckudk csdwfrdjyef\/ þodkYESifh bGefa[mif;onf
&SpfBudrf BudK;uGif;ypfwifNyD;aemuf ausmufcsyfjym;Mum;wpfckodkY 0ifoGm;
ojzifh paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf bGefa[mif;udk rawGY&
awmhay/ xdktcgü armifzdk;omu ...

157
rif;odcF r[l&m
]q&mBuD;...udkbGefa[mif;awmh b,fMum;xJ 0ifoGm;NyDvJ rodbl;}

]'DvdkPfacgif;xJudk tvif;a&mif0ifaewJh taygufuG/ wdkYqDuae
MunfhvdkY rjrifbl;/ tJ'Dtaygufudk ol0ifoGm;NyD/ pum;odyfrajymeJY/
pdwfjidrfjidrfav;xm;NyD; xdkifae}
[k ajymvdkufojzifh armifzdk;omonf ajray:wGif wifysOfacGxdkifcs
NyD;vQif jidrfí aeavawmh\/ wpfem&DcefY Mumaomtcgü vdkPf*lay:rS
pm&Gufwpf&Guf usvmav\/ paearmifarmifonf xdkpm&Gufudk zrf;,l
NyD;aemuf zwfMunfhvdkuf&m atmufygtwdkif; awGY&avawmh\/
q&mBuD;
tvif;a&mif0ifwJh tayguf ckESpfayguf &Sdw,f/ tJ'D
tvif;a&mifawG[m q&mBuD; ajymovdkyJ a'gifvdkuf ausmufcsyfjym;
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a&mifawG[m ausmufeH&HawGudk xdk;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk wpfvSnfhpDxdk;NyD;
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vdkufawmh ausmufurludk tay:wnfhwnfhuae awGY&w,f/ tJ'Duae
uRefawmf iHkYMunfhvdkufwm ausmufurl[m [if;aomufyef;uefvHk;
csxm;ovdkyJ/ tJ'DxJrSm b,fvdk &wemrsdK;rS rawGY&bl;/ t½dk;pk wpfckyJ

158
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q&mBuD;eYJ armifzdk;om../ a&pdrfxm;wJhyJawG &Sdw,f/ pm;NyD; uRefawmfhudk
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159
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[kajym&if; a&pdrfxm;aom yJwpfqkyfudk armifzdk;omtm;
ay;vdkufavawmhownf;/

160
rif;odcF r[l&m
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BudK;udk ausmufpGef;ícsdwfü cufcufcJcJ jyKvkyf&aomfvnf; pae
armifarmifwdkY wufaomtcgü tay:odkYa&mufaeaom bGefa[mif;u
ulnDojzifh cufcJjcif;r&SdvSyg/ paearmifarmifonf armifzdk;omtm;
atmufodkY iHkYírMunfh&ef rMumcP owday;ae&\/ armifzdk;omuvnf;
rMunfhygESifh [kqdkumrS Munfhcsifpdwfrsm; wzGm;zGm;ay:ae\/
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&ifawmh rif;'ku©eJY rif;yJ}

161
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufav\/ armifzdk;omvnf; acR;rsm;

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[k armifzdk;omu jyefajymav\/
paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;omonf þodkYESifh wa&GUa&GUwuf
vmMu&m rMumrDüyif bGefa[mif;a&muf&Sdaom ae&modkY a&muf&SdoGm;Mu
av\/ tay:odkYa&mufí pdwfcs&aom tajctaewGif paearmifarmif
u...
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jyayawmh}
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xdkYaMumifhvnf; a&SUrSaeí wa&GUa&GUoGm;av\/ wpfae&modkY
ta&mufwGif 0rf;vsm;arSmufí rdausmif;wuf wuf&avawmh\/

162
rif;odcF r[l&m
vdkPfaygufBuD;wpfcktwGif;odkY a&mufoGm;\/ tawmftwef oGm;rdaom

tcg xdkvdkPfaygufonf us,foGm;í rwfwwf&yfíyif oGm;Edkif\/
xdkYaemufwGifum; xdkr&PvdkPf*lBuD;\ &wemrsm; 0Sufxm;&m ae&modkY
a&muf&SdoGm;avawmh\/ paearmifarmifonf &wemrsm;udk Munfh½I
av\/ xdkYaemuf taumif;qHk; &wemrsm;udka&G;cs,fí txkyfrsm;
xkyfav\/ txkyfrSm av;xkyf jzpf\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm;
wpfa,mufwpfxkyf ay;\/ ¤if;u ESpfxkyf ,l\/ xdkYaemuf q&mBuD;
paearmifarmifu ...
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'Dc&D;pOftwGuf pGefYpm;vdkY&wJh tusdK;tjrwfvdkYvnf; em;vnfMuayawmh/
udk,f&wJh a0pkudk udk,fh[mudk,f vHkjcHKatmifodrf;Mu/ qHk;½HI;oGm;&if
aemufwpfcg 'Dudk wpfacgufjyefvm,lzdkY rvG,fawmhbl;/ a0pkay;wm
enf;enf;aemaem tav;csdef r[kwfbl;/ 'Dc&D;Murf;BuD;rSm 'DavmufyJ
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[k ajymav\/
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nTefjyvdkufav\/ bGefa[mif;vnf; &wemxkyfudk udk,fwGifodkif;í
vG,fNyD;vQif a&SUrSoGm;av\/ ¤ifaemufrS armifzdk;omudk vdkufcdkif;
\/ armifzdk;om\aemufrS paearmifarmifu vdkufav\/ wa&GUa&GU
oGm;cJh&m aemufqHk;wGif xGufaygufjzpfaom awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;qDodkY
a&muf&SdcJhMuavawmh\/ xdkawmifurf;yg;,HodkYa&mufvQif armifzdk;om
tm; paearmifarmifu atmufodkY iHkYrMunfh&ef owday;vdkufav\/
odkY&mwGif armifzdk;omonf paearmifarmifpum;udk em;raxmifbJ
atmufodkY Munfhjzpfatmif Munfhvdkufav\/ awmifurf;yg;,HBuD;rS
uG,faeaom ausmufaoG;rsm;udk awmarsmufBuD;rsm;onf EG,fBudK;rsm;udk

163
rif;odcF r[l&m
cdkí pm;aomufaeMuonfudk awGY&av\/ armifzdk;omonf ]tm;} ceJ

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udkbGefa[mif;&JU}
]ausmufaoG;avuGm.../ ausmufaoG;u odyfNyD; tm;&SdwmuG/
[dkrSm rawGYbl;vm;/ awmarsmufBuD;awG ausmufaoG;pm;NyD; xGm;usdKif;
aeMuwmavuGm}
[k bGefa[mif;u jyefíajymav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
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qif;MurSmwHk;}
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xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;u...

164
rif;odcF r[l&m
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EG,fBudK;uae qif;oGm;wm arsmufBuD;em;awmif a&mufaeNyD}
[k ajymvdkufojzifh armifzdk;omonf vSrf;íMunfhvdkuf&m pae
armifarmifonf EG,fBudK;udkcdkí qif;oGm;&m EG,fBudK;udk cdkaeaom
arsmufBuD;\ vufwpfzufem;odkY a&mufoGm;NyDjzpf\/ arsmufBuD;onf
paearmifarmif\ ajcaxmufudk vSrf;qGJ\/ paearmifarmifonf &wem
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vSrf;jyifvdkufonfwGif arsmufBuD;onf txkrcHawmhbJ ausmufpGef;udk
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at;at;aq;aq; atmufudk a&mufoGm;NyD/ rif;eJY igeYJ b,fol
jyKwfusr,f rajymEdkifao;bl;/ xm;ygawmh.. xm;ygawmh/ rif;
bmajymcsifwmvJ/ ajym}
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vmw,fav/ usKyfwdkYusawmh wpfckpDay;NyD; q&mBuD;u ESpfck,lwm
bmoabmvJAs}

165
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ar;vdkufvQif bGefa[mif;u ...

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igwdkYudk wpfa,mufwpfxkyfay;wm wdkYo,fEdkifoavmuf csifhcsdefNyD;
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awmif;yefavawmh\/ xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;onf EG,fBudK;udkudkifí
qif;av\/ awmarsmufrsm;onf bGefa[mif;tm; EG,fBudK;rsm;jzifh
ul;vmNyD;vQif ukwfMuzJhMuav\/ bGefa[mif;vnf; EG,fBudK;udk
trdt&qGJxm;NyD;vQif arsmufrsm;tm; csufaumif;udk,lí uefcs&m
arsmufoHk;aumifonf awmifurf;yg;,HatmufodkY 'kwf'kwfxd jyKwfus
oGm;av\/ EG,fBudK;qHk;aomtcgü bGefa[mif;onf arsmufrsm;
tqif;twufvkyfaomEG,fBudK;udk xyfrHqGJí qif;jyefav\/ xdktcg
arsmufonf vmí ukwfav\/ arsmufrsm; ukwfxm;aom'Pf&maMumifh
bGefa[mif;\ausmwGif aoG;rsm; csif;csif;eDav\/ bGefa[mif;vnf;
awmifurf;yg;,HatmufodkY a&mufoGm;NyD jzpf\/ paearmifarmifonf

166
rif;odcF r[l&m
bGefa[mif;tm; prf;acsmif;ab;wGif 0rf;vsm;arSmufapav\/ NyD;aemuf

bGefa[mif;\ausmrS aoG;rsm;tm; prf;a&jzifh aq;ay;aeav\/
armifzdk;omonf bGefa[mif;\ tjzpfudkMunfhum acR;oD;rsm;
jyefvmav\/ rnfrQyifaMumufonfjzpfap armifzdk;omonf þtwdkif;
xdkifaeí rjzpfaomaMumifh EG,Bf udK;rS wG,fíqif;&av\/
arsmufrsm;onf armifzdk;omtvSnfhü ydkí rsm;\/ 0dkif;í ukwf\/
udkufonfhtaumifu udkuf\/ armifzdk;omonf EG,fBudK;rS vGwfrus
ap&ef qif;&av\/ xdkYaemuf ausmufpGef;rsm;udk udkifum
arsmufrsm;oGm;aom vrf;aMumif;twdkif; vdkufí qif;&jyefav\/ arsmuf
rsm;vnf; vdkufí udkufjyefav\/ þodkYESifhyif armifzdk;omonf
atmufodkY a&mufoGm;av\/ armifzdk;om\ wpfudk,fvHk; aoG;rsm;jzifh
&TJaeav\/ paearmifarmifonf armifzdk;omtm; prf;acsmif;eHab;wGif
vJavsmif;apNyD; xdkprf;acsmif;rS a&ESifhyif aq;aMumay;av\/ xdkYaemuf
¤if;wdkYonf xdkae&mrS c&D;qufMuavawmh\/
euf½dIif;aom awmtkyftwGif;wGif wa&GUa&GUjzifh c&D;qufcJhMu
av\/ bvufb&m;om;vlpkrSm ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;tm; rsufjcnfjywfoGm;cJhNyD
jzpfav\/ awmtkyftwGif;ü ¤if;wdkYvlpkonf oHk;&ufwdkifwdkif c&D;oGm;
cJhMuav\/ awmrS&aom toD;tESHudk rao½Hkpm;í c&D;qufcJhMu&m
aemufqHk;ü 0efwifvm;rsm;jzifh c&D;oGm;aom vrf;rBuD;wpfckqDodkY
a&muf&SdcJhMuav\/ ¤if;wdkYonf qm;rsm;udkwifvmaom 0efwifvm;
tkyfpkESifh awGYav\/ qm;ukefonfrSm vlq,fa,mufcefY yg\/ vm;rSm
taumifESpfq,f ausmf\/ vlwpfa,mufvQif 0efwifvm; ESpfaumifpDudk
xdef;í awmifaBumBuD;wpfckudk jzwfaejcif;jzpf\/ paearmifarmifonf
xdkvm;ukefonfrsm;ESifh awGYqHkum ¤if;wdkYxHrS vm;ajcmufaumifudk
tzdk;wef ausmufwpfvHk;ay;í 0,f,lvdkufav\/ vm;rsm; 0,f,lpOfyif
tpm;taomuftcsKdU awmif;,lxm;av\/ NyD;vQif &wemxkyfrsm;udk
qm;tdwfrsm;atmufwGif 0Sufxm;vdkufavonf/ xdkYaemuf awmifay:

167
rif;odcF r[l&m
vm;ukefonfrsm;\ yHkpHtwdkif; vlwpfa,mufvQif vm;ESpfaumifpDudk

xdef;csKyfum awmifaMumBuD;twdkif; c&D;qufcJMh uav\/ ckESpf&ufcefY
oGm;NyD;aomtcgü awmifaMumudk jzwfqif;onfh MuufoGefjzL
ukefonfrsm;ESifh awGYjyefav\/ xdktcgüvnf; qm;wifxm;aom
vm;rsm;ESifh MuufoGefjzL wifxm;aom vm;rsm;udk tvdkufay;í
vJvdkufav\/ &wemxkyfrsm;udkvnf; MuufoGefjzLjcif;rsm;\atmufwGif
odk0Sufí ,lvmav\/ þodkYESifhyif wa&GUa&GUc&D;qufcJh&m rEÅav;NrKdUodkY
acsmarmpGm qdkufa&mufcJhMuav\/
rEÅav;odkYa&mufvQif paearmifarmifonf tzdk;wefaom ausmuf
oHk;vHk;udk bmblvlrsdK; &wemukefonfwpfOD;ESifh awGYqHkum a&mif;cs
ypfvdkuf\/ xdkausmufoHk;vHk; a&mif;csypfvdkufaomaiGonf rdom;pkwpfpk
rnfonfhtvkyfrQrvkyfbJ wpfoufvHk; xdkifí pm;Edkifavmufatmif &vdkuf
\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf qHyifn§yfjcif;? vufonf;vSD;jcif;?
em;aumfjcif;? rkwfqdwf&dwfjcif;ponfh tvkyfrsm; vkyfMuav\/ NyD;vQif
emrnfBuD; tyfcsKyfqdkif oHk;qdkifodkY0ifum t0wftpm;rsm;udk csKyfvkyfMu
av\/ tjref&&Sdap&eftwGuf aiGydkay;ícsKyfcdkif;onfjzpf&m aeYcsif;ncsif;
t0wftpm;rsm; jynfhpHkoGm;Muav\/ xdkYaemuf bGefa[mif;ESifh
armifzdk;omwdkYonf ¤if;wdkYtwGuf vufywfem&Drsm;? zdeyfrsm;?
eufuwdkifrsm;? vufpGyrf sm; 0,f,lMuukefav\/ NyD;vQif *sL;
tbdk;BuD;wpfOD;xHrS tawmftwefvwfaom atmfpwifum;wpfpD;udk
0,fí pD;Muukefav\/ NyD;vQif xdkum;ESifhyif pDADvdkif;bufodkYoGm;um
jcH0if;us,fBuD;ESifh pDADyg;um; aqmufvkyfxm;aom ESpfxyftdrfBuD;tm;
wpfESpfpm iSm;&rf;vdkufav\/ tdrf&Sifonf tqrwef aps;wifxm;aom
vnf; wpfjym;wpfcsyfrQ qpfjcif;rjyKbJ wpfESpfpm iSm;&rf;aomaMumifh
rdrd\ tdrfiSm;tm; tauseyfBuD; auseyfvsuf &Sdaeavawmh\/
paearmifarmifonf tdrf&Siftm; ...

168
rif;odcF r[l&m
]tdrfBuD;udk iSm;NyD;wmawmh [kwfygNyDAsm/ 'gayrJh usKyfwdkYudk

wpfqdwfav; ulnDygOD;/ xrif;aumif;aumif;csufwwfwJh xrif;csuf
wpfa,muf vdkcsifw,f/ tdrfrIudpöawGudk aumif;aumif;pDrHzdkY bwfwvm
wpfa,mufvnf; vdkcsifw,f/ aemufwpfcku jcHvHkwJh '&0rf
aumif;aumif;vnf; vdkcsifw,f/ NyD;awmh yHkajymaumif;wJhtESdyfonf
aumif;aumif;wpfa,muf wpfESpfpm iSm;csifw,f/ tJ'gudk tdrf&SifBuD;
taeeJY &Smay;vdkY&r,fqdk&ifvnf; &Smay;yg/ yGJpm;eJY&SmrS &r,fqdk&if
vnf; &Smay;yg/ owif;pmrSm aMumfjimxnfhrS &r,fqdk&ifvnf; xnfhNyD;
&Smay;yg/ tJ'DtwGuf ukefusp&dwfawGtm;vHk;udk usKyf tukefcHyghr,f}
[k ajymvdkufvQif tdrf&SifBuD;onf ...
]aumif;ygNyDcifAsm... aumif;ygNyDcifAsm}
[laompum;udk rdk;rTefatmif &GwfqdkxGufoGm;avawmh\/ aeYcif;
ydkif;odkYa&mufvQif ukvm;xrif;csufwpfOD; ac:vmav\/ ¤if;\trnfrSm
rloD&rf;[lí jzpfonf/ paearmifarmifonf rloD&rf;tm; ...
]a[h.. rloD&rf;/ rif; b&m&meD csufwwfovm;}
[k ar;av\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu bGefa[mif;tm; ...
]b&m&meDqdkwm bm[if;vJAs}
[k ar;vdkufav\/ bGefa[mif;u ...
][if; r[kwfbl;/ 'efaygufudk ajymwm}
[k jyefíajzvdkufav\/
]'efaygufrsm;Asm... csufcdkif;raeygeJY/ qdkifrSm 0,fpm;vnf;
NyD;wmygyJ}

169
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k jyefajymvdkufav\/ rloD&rf;onf paearmifarmiftm;

t½dktao ay;vdkufNyD;vQif ...
]csufwwfygw,f q&mBuD;/ 'gayrJh.. b&m&meD aumif;
raumif;[m csufwJhvlay:rSm rlwnfovdk xnfhwJhypönf;ay:rSmvnf;
rlwnfygw,f/ oyspfoD; xnfh&r,f/ oD[dkVfaph xnfh&r,f/ yJoD;pdrf;
xnfh&r,f/ axmywfaumif;aumif; oHk;&r,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]at;.. at;.. csufwwf&if NyD;wmygyJ/ rif; b,frSm csufzl;ovJ}
[k paearmifarmifu ar;vdkuf&m rloD&rf;u ...
]tvGef taumif;pm;wJh bdktdrfawGrSm csufzl;ygw,f}
[k jyefíajzav\/
]at;..rif;awGYzl;wJh bdkawGxufawmif wdkYu taumif;pm;w,f}
[k ajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omu jyHK;í bGefa[mif;tm; ...
]udkbGefa[mif;...usKyfwdkY&JUq&mBuD;u rloD&rf;udk <um;aewm/
usKyfwdkY pm;cJh&wmuawmh a&pdrfxm;wJh yJvufwpfqkyfygyJ/ b,fu
taumif; pm;cJh&rSmvJ}
]at;...'ku©a&mufaewJhtcgrSm tJ'Davmuf pkwfjywfwJh tpm;udk
Nrdefa&&Sufa& pm;ayr,fh at;at;aq;aq; ae&wJhtcgrSmawmh wu,fh
taumif;pm;udk pm;wmuG/ 0wf&ifvnf; taumif;pm;yJ 0wfwm/
toHk;taqmifawGudkvnf; wu,fh taumif;pm;awGyJ oHk;w,f/ rif;
oleJYae&if odygvdrfhr,fuGm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/

170
rif;odcF r[l&m
]'geYJ aeygOD; udkbGefa[mif;&JU/ usKyfwdkYq&mBuD;u ZdrfcHw,f

qdkayr,fh bD,mawG? t&ufawG aomufwm rawGYygvm;}
[k armifzdk;omu ar;vdkufvQif bGefa[mif;u ...
]olu wu,fh orxorm;yJuGm/ t&ufaopmudkawmh b,f
aomufrwHk;/ t&ufaopmrygbJ pnf;pdrf&SdwJh tvkyfawG avmuBuD;rSm
trsm;BuD;yguGm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ naeydkif;odkY a&mufaomtcgü tdrf&Sifonf
udkbD&rf;qdkaom ukvm;wpfa,mufudk ac:vm\/ xdkukvm; bwfwvm
\ tvkyfwm0efrSm xrif;csuf? '&0rf? rmvDwdkYtm; BuD;Muyfí cdkif;ap
&\/ aps; 0,fjcrf;&\/ tdrfwGifvdktyfaom udpörsm;tm;vHk;udk vdkufvH
Munfh½Ií jznfhpGufjyKjyif&\/ xrif;csufrsm;? rmvDrsm;? '&0rfrsm;?
tdrfaprsm;onf ¤if;bwfwvmxH ¤if;wdkY vdktyfcsufrsm;udk wifjy\/
bwfwvmu 0,fjcrf; pDpOfay;&\/ pm&if;tif; jyKpkay;í tdrf&SifxHrS
aiGawmif;cH&\/ paearmifarmifonf bwfwvmtm; ar;cGef; tenf;i,f
ar;NyD;aemuf tvkyfcefYxm;vdkufav\/ aemufwpfaeYwGif tdrf&SifBuD;
onf '&0rfrmvDudk ac:vm\/ paearmifarmifvnf; cefYvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf Murf;wdkufjcif;? wHjrufpnf;vSnf;jcif;? zkefcgjcif;rsm;udkom
vkyf&eftwGuf toufwpfq,fhajcmufESpf&G,f ukvm;rav; wpfOD;udk
vnf; ac:vmjyef\/ xdkukvm;r\ trnfrSm puDem[lí jzpf\/ pae
armifarmifonf puDemudkvnf; oifhawmfaomvpmay;í tvkyfcefYvdkuf
av\/ xdkYaemuf tdrf&SifBuD;tm; ...
]b,fvdkvJAs/ tESdyfonf r&ao;bl;vm;]
[k ar;vdkuf&m tdrf&Sifu ...
]q&mBuD;u yHkajymaumif;wJh tESdyfonf vdkcsifw,fqdkawmh
cufaewmaygh/ tESdyfaumif;wJh tESdyfonf awGYw,f/ 'gayrJh

171
rif;odcF r[l&m
yHkrajymwwfbl;/ yHkajymaumif;wJhvlawGvnf; awGYw,f/ rESdyfwwf

bl;/ ESdyfvnf; ESdyfwwf&r,f? yHkajymvnf; aumif;&r,fqdkwJhvluawmh
a&qifavmufudk &Sm;ygw,f}
]cifAsm; a&qif jrifzl;vm;}
[k ar;av\/ xdktcg tdrf&Sifu ...
]rjrifzl;ygbl;Asm/ Mum;zl;wmyg/ qifawmh qifyJ/ 'gayrJh <uuf
avmufyJ &Sdw,f/ aewmvnf; a&xJrSm aew,f/ 'gayrJh wu,fh
qifBuD;awGu olYudk aMumuf&w,f qdkyJ}
]tJ'gudk ,Hkvm;}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
tdrf&Sifu ...
],Hkw,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ paearmifarmifonf jyHK;vdkufav\/
]xm;ygawmhAsm/ ,Hkjcif;? r,Hkjcif;[m cifAsm;eJYyJ ywfouf
ygw,f/ usKyfudkom yHkajymaumif;wJhtESdyfonf &Smay;yg}
[k paearmifarmifuajymvdkufvQif tdrf&SifBuD;onf ...
][kwfygNyDcifAs... [kwfygNyDcifAs}
[k rdk;rTefatmifajymum xGufoGm;avawmhownf;/

172
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (15)
armifawmvl a&mufvmjcif;
n&Spfem&Dxdk;avmufwGif paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf npm

pm;NyD; jzpfae\/ xdktcsdefü tdrf&Sifa&mufvm\/ tdrf&SifESifhtwl
vlwpfa,mufvnf; ygvm\/ xdkvlonf rsufvHk;wpfzuf apmif;
ae\/ paearmifarmifonf ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;tm; xdkif&eftwGuf xdkifcHkrsm;udk
nTefjyav\/ ¤if;wdkYvnf; cHkrsm;ü 0ifíxdkifvdkufMuav\/ xdktcgü
tdrf&Sifu ...
]q&mBuD;paearmifarmifvdkcsifwJh yHkajymaumif;wJh tESdyfonf
qdkwm &ygNyD/ olygyJ/ emrnfu udkawmufavmifwJh/ tESdyf aumif;
raumif;awmh q&mBuD; tESdyfcHNyD;rS odrSmyg/ yHkajym aumif; raumif;

173
rif;odcF r[l&m
awmh uRefawmf odygw,f/ tck vrf;rSmvm&if;eJY uRefawmfhudk yHkajym

vmygw,f}
[k ajymav\/
xdkrsufvHk;apmif;í yckH;apmif;aomolrSm w½kwfujym; wpfOD;
jzpf\/ awmufavmifqdkaom emrnfrSmvnf; w½kwfemrnf jzpfwef&m\/
¤if; awmufavmifonf paearmifarmifudkvnf; pdwfr0ifpm;? tcef;
wpfckvHk;udk tao;pdwf xdkif&mrSMunfhae\/ xdktcsdefü pae
armifarmifu...
]b,fvdkvJ awmufavmifa&/ wpfESpfvHk; &ufysufr&Sd ESdyf&r,f/
ESdyfwJhtcgwdkif;rSmvnf; yHkajym&r,f/ tJ'g b,favmuf ay;&rvJ}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ¤if; awmufavmifu ...
]'Dvdk&Sdygw,f q&mBuD;../ taMumcsnf;yJ ESdyf&r,fqdk&ifawmh
aps;EIef;wpfrsdK; ,lygw,f/ taMumwif r[kwfbl;/ tjcifyg ESdyfr,f
qdk&ifawmh aps;EIef;wpfrsdK; ,lygw,f}
]taMumuawmh [kwfygNyDAsm/ tjcifu b,fvdk[mudkajymwmvJ}
[k raeEdkifrxdkifEdkif Mum;jzwfí 0ifar;av\/
]'Dvdk udk,fhvl&JU/ taMumqdkwmu vl&JUcE¨mudk,frSm a'gifvdkuf
oGm;aewmawGudk taMumvdkY ac:w,f/ uefYvefYjzwf oGm;aewJh
taMumawGudk tjcifvdkYac:w,f}
[k awmufavmifu ajymav\/

174
rif;odcF r[l&m
]tESdyfonfyJAsm../ taMuma&m? tjcifa&m ESdyf&rSmaygh/

taMumcsnf;oyfoyf? tjcifcsnf;oyfoyf ESdyfwJh tESdyfonfvdkY rMum;zl;
ygbl;}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkufvQif awmufavmifu ...
]'DrSm udk,fhvlawGYzl;wmawGu tESdyfonfawGav/ usKyfu
tESdyfonf r[kwfbl;/ tESdyfq&m../ taMumudk taMumrSef; odw,f/
tjcifudk tjcifrSef; odw,f/ taMumrSef; tjcifrSef;rodwJh tESdyf
onfrsdK; r[kwfbl;}
[k ajymvdkufojzifh armifzdk;omonf Zufuav; yk0ifoGm;av
awmh\/ xdktcgü paearmifarmifu pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk yvufwDerf
bl;rSxkwf,lí opfueufpGyfwH pGyfí rD;n§d½dIufzGm&if; ...
]aumif;ygNyDav../ taMuma&m? tjcifa&m ESdyf&rSmaygh
armifawmufavmif&,f/ tJ'g b,favmufay;&rvJ}
[k ar;vdkufav\/
]emvdkY pkwfwpfcsufoyffwdkif; aiGwpfusyf &Sif;&r,f/ uRwfuRwf...
uRwfqdk&if oHk;usyfyJ/ tm;wdkY? tif;wdkY? trav;wdkY w &if wpfcGef;udk
ig;usyfay;&r,f}
]'DrSm armifawmufavmif.. trav;vdkY ratmfbJ trBuD;vdkY
atmf&if b,favmuf ay;&rvJ}
[k 0ifíajymvQif awmufavmifu ...
]em&if trav;yJ w w,f/ trBuD;vdkY rwbl;/ wu,fvdkY
trBuD;vdkY w w,fqdk&if 'g oufouf npfwmyJ/ npfwmqdk&ifawmh
usKyf rESdyfawmhbl;/ xNyD; jyefoGm;r,f}

175
rif;odcF r[l&m
[kajymvQif paearmifarmifu jyHK;av\/

]xm;ygawmh armifawmufavmif&,f/ yHkajymcu b,favmuf
ay;&rSmvJ}
[k ar;vdkuf&m awmufavmifu ...
]yHkjyifxJrSm Zmwfaumif wpfaumifyg&if oHk;usyf ay;&r,f/
ESpfaumifyg&if ajcmufusyfyJ/ wd&päämef Zmwfaumifyg&if wpfusyfcGJ/
tJ'DEIef;eJY &Sif;&r,f/ jcGif;csufawmh &Sdw,f/ &Sifbk&if Zmwfaumif yg&if
tJ'D Zmwfaumif wpfaumifwnf;twGuf q,fhoHk;usyf &Sif;&r,f/
yHkem;axmif&if;eYJ tdyfaysmfoGm;cJh&if ESpfq awmif;r,f/ r&Sif;vdkY
xyfar;&if ar;wJhtBudrfwdkif; ESpfusyfay;&r,f/ yHkjyifrSm &,fp&myg&if
wpfcg&,fwdkif; wpfusyf ay;&r,f/ NyD;awmh tESdyfcHwJhtcgrSm a&rdk;csdK;NyD;
t0wfudk avQmfNyD;om;0wfrS ESdyfr,f/ ESdyfcgeD;rSm usKyfudk vpfywef
vufzufajcmufeJY azsmfxm;wJh vufzuf&nfwpfcGufeYJ pD;u&ufwpfvdyf
wdkuf&r,f/ usKyfudk ydkufqHay;wJhtcgrSm bdef;pm; ay;ovdk 'Dtwdkif;
ypfray;&bl;/ yef;uefjym;xJ xnfhay;&r,f}
]wpfcgrS rMum;zl;bl;/ b,fvdk tESdyfonfvJ rodbl;}
[k rMum;wMum; ajymvdkuf&m awmufavmifu ...
]'DrSm udk,fhvl../ cyfnHnHxJu r[kwfbl;qdkwmudkawmh
oabmaygufxm;zdkY vdkw,f}
][kwfuJh.. [kwfuJh.. aygufygw,fAsm...aygufygw,f/ &Sm;rS&Sm;wJh
tESdyfq&myJ}
[k cyfaighaigh ajymvdkufav\/

176
rif;odcF r[l&m
paearmifarmifonf yHkajymaumif;aom tESdyfonfudk ac:vm

ay;aom tdrf&Siftbdk;BuD;tm; aiGoHk;&m abmufql;ay;vdkufav\/
xdkYaemufwGifum; paearmifarmifonf pwifí tESdyfcHavawmh\/
tESdyfrcHrDüvnf; awmufavmiftm; vpfywef vufzufajcmufESifh
azsmfaom vufzuf&nfwpfcGufESifh pD;u&ufwpfbl;tm; csay;xm;vdkuf
\/ armifzdk;omonf rausreyfjzpfae\/
]tESdyfonfxJrSmawmh awmfawmfBuD;us,fwJh tESdyfonfyJ/
vpfywef vufzuf&nfaomufNyD;rS ESdyfwmudk;}
[k bGefa[mif;tm; ajymvdkuf&m awmufavmifu ...
]udk,fhvl bmem;vnfvdkYwHk;/ vpfywef vufzufajcmuf[m
tpOftvm odyfBuD;rm;w,f/ qmaomrwfvpfywefqdkwJh qmbGJY&
yk*d¾KvfBuD;wpfOD;[m vGecf JhwJhESpfaygif;wpf&mausmfavmufu azmfpyfcJhwm/
udk,fhvl r,Hk&if ol&JUbl;cGHrSm a&;xm;wJh t*Fvdyfpmudk usKyf tvGwf
qdkjyr,f}
[kajymNyD;vQif awmufavmifonf vGefpGmaumif;aom t*Fvdyf t
oHxGujf zifh atmufygtwdkif; &Gwfqdkjyavawmh\/
]Sir Thomas Lipton created this world famous Lipton tea
over 100 years ago}
armifzdk;omonf yg;pyfta[mif;om;jzifh em;axmifae&\/

paearmifarmifu jyHK;í ...
]armifzdk;om../ rif; jidrfjidrfav;ae&if aumif;r,f/ rif;taeeJY
armifawmufavmifudk rEdkifbl;uG/ armifawmufavmif t*Fvdyfpm
aumif;aumif;wwfw,f/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m vpfywefvdkYyJ zwfMu
w,f/ armifawmufavmifuawmh vpfywifvdkY zwfw,fuG/ 'gaMumifh

177
rif;odcF r[l&m
ol[m ususee wwfwJhvlqdkwmudk tuJzrf;vdkY &ygw,f/ uJ..

vufzuf&nfaomufNyD; tESdyfcH&if; olYyHkjyifav; em;axmifMu&atmifuGm}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdktcg armifawmufavmifonf vufzuf&nfudk armhcsvdkufNyD;
aemuf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk bl;wGif;rS EdIuf,lvdkufNyD; rD;n§d½dIufzGmav\/
xdkodkY½dIufzGm&if; paearmifarmif\ ajczsm;ESpfzufudk vufjzifhqkyfudkifum
*RwfceJ csdK;csvdkufav\/ NyD;vQif ajcrsufpdab;&Sd taMumuav;wpf
acsmif;udk vufrjzifh n§pfumESdyf&if; ...
][dka&S;a&S;wkef;u &wemypönf;udk vGefpGmrufarmwJh vl
oHk;a,muf[m &wemodkuf t&SmxGufcJhMuw,f qdkyJ/ olwdkY[m wdAuf
ukef;ajrjrifhudk a&mufcJhMuw,f/ awmBuD;rsufrnf;wpfckudk jzwfcJh
Muw,f/ aemufqHk;rSm r[l&maorif;qdkwJh &wemodkuf&Sd&m ausmuf*lBuD;
xJudk 0ifoGm;Muw,f/ ausmuf*lBuD;&JU trdk;em;rSm&SdwJh taygufudk r&ru
wufcJhMuw,f/ aemufqHk;rSm eDaygjynfbufu xGufajy;wdrf;a&Smif
vmwJh aqGawmfrsdK;awmfwpfOD;&JU &wemypönf;awGudk &cJhMuw,f qdkyJ/
tJ'Dvdk &cJhw,fqdk&ifyJ &wemyHkaejynfawmfudk olwdkYoHk;a,muf jyefvmcJh
Muw,f/ tJ'DoHk;a,muf[m &vmwJh &wemawGudk xkcGJa&mif;csNyD;
olaX;*dkuf zrf;aeMuw,f/ tJ'DoHk;a,mufxJu tBuD;tuJ[mqdk&if
yHkajymaumif;wJh tESdyfonfwpfa,mufudk r&ru &SmNyD; tESdyfcH&if;
yHkem;axmifavh&Sdw,f/ wpfaeY yHktajymaumif;wJhtESdyfonf wpfa,muf
a&mufvmw,f}
[k ajymvdkufvQif paearmifarmifonf arGY&matmufrS ajcmufvHk;
jyL;udk qwfceJ qGJxkwfvdkufNyD; awmufavmif\ ezl;udk csdefvdkufav\/
bGefa[mif;vnf; cg;Mum;rS "m;ajr§mifudkqGJxkwfvdkufNyD; awmufavmif\
vnfyif;udk axmufvdkufav\/ armifzdk;omrSmvnf; pm;yGJay:rS yef;tdk;

178
rif;odcF r[l&m
udk qwfceJ aumuf,Nl yD;vQif awmufavmif\ acgif;ay:wGif xkcs&ef

&G,fvdkufav\/
awmufavmifonf teD;&Sd pD;u&ufbl;rS pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk
EdIuf,lNyD; rD;n§djyefav\/ xdktcgü paearmifarmifu ...
]'DrSmawmufavmif..../ rif;[m rnf;eufaomnDtpfudkrsm;tzGJYu
r[kwfvm;}
[k ar;vdkuf&m awmufavmifu ...
]q&mBuD;.. 'Dwpfcgawmh vGJoGm;NyD}
]'gqdk&ifawmh rif;[m pae*dkPf;u jzpf&r,f/ pae*dkPf;u
qdk&ifawmh [if;r,m;&JU awmifpG,fwpfckrSm&SdwJh ][dkuf'&m} qdkwJh
&Gmuav;eJY rvSrf;rurf;rSm&SdwJh awmtkyfxJu &wemodkufajryHkudk
&xm;vdkufwJh a&Tbdkom; w½kwfujym; ]awmvl} qdkwJhaumifyJ jzpf&r,f/
rif;[m axmifESpfcg uszl;w,f/ axmifxJrSm Budrf'Pft½dkufcH&vdkY rif;
wifyg;awGrSm trm&GwfBuD;awG &xm;w,fqdkwJh owif; ig &xm;w,f/
rif;udk rawGYbl;ao;ayr,fh rif;taMumif;udk odaewm oHk;ESpfavmuf
&SdaeNyD}
[kajymum awmufavmif\ ycHk;udk ajcjzifh cyfqwfqwfuav;
uefvdkuf&m awmufavmifonf ckwifay:rS vnfí aemufjyef
Murf;jyifay:odkY usav\/ xdktcgü bGefa[mif;onf awmufavmif\
vHkcsnfudk qGJícRwfvdkuf&m wifyg;ay:wGif uefYvefYpif; trm&GwfBuD;
rsm;udk awGY&av\/
awmufavmifonf vl;vJí xNyD;vQif ...

179
rif;odcF r[l&m
]uReffawmf q&mBuD;wkdYtzGJYeJY tvkyfvkyfzdkY q&mBuD;udk&Smaewm

oHk;ESpfavmuf &SdygNyD/ q&mBuD; ajymwm rSefygw,f/ uRefawmf a&Tbdkom;
awmvlyg/ &wemodkufajryHkvnf; uRefawmhrSm &Sdygw,f}
[kqdkum tuÐsMu,foD;udkjzKwfí &ifbwfudk jyvdkuf&m &ifbwf
ay:rS ½Iyf,Sufcwfaeonfh ajryHkwpfckudk awGY&avawmh\/ xdktcg
paearmifarmifu aoewfudk jyefíodrf;vdkuNf yD;vQif ¤if;\ vufqGJtdwf
twGif;rS ajryHkwpfcsyfudkxkwfí bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm;
ypfíay;&if; ...
]olY&ifbwfu ajryHkeJY 'DajryHkudk wdkufNyD; Munfhprf;uGm}
[k ajymvdkufojzifh bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omvnf; ajryHkESpfckudk
wdkufí ajryHkwGifygonfh tcsuf 22csufwGif 6csuf vGJaeaMumif;
awGY&avawmh\/
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180
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181
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182
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183
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184
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185
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186
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187
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188
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189
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190
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191
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202
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naeydkif;odkYa&mufvQif tcsKyfapmifhonf paearmifarmifwdkY oHk;OD;
tm; csmygwDESifh yJ[if;rsm;vmía0\/ odkY&mwGif paearmifarmifu ...

203
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apmifh&av\/ paearmifarmif apmifhaomtvSnfhü paearmifarmifonf
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earm wó b*0awm?
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aomb*0g £wdyd b*0g?
b*0EÅHo&PH *pämrd?
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aomb*0g £wdyd t&[H?
t&[EÅH o&PH *pämrd/
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aomb*0g £wdyd or®mor®Ka'¨g?
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204
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&Gwfaew,f/ tJ'D *gxmu bm*gxmvJ}
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205
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wpfOD;rSm xrif;pm;NyD;vQif idkufavh&Sd\/ usefwpfOD;rSm xrif;pm;NyD;vQif
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206
rif;odcF r[l&m
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]pdwfrul;&bl;vm;}

207
rif;odcF r[l&m
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av\/ tawmftwef Mumaomtcgü armifzdk;omu ...
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ae&mu t&rf;emw,fAs}
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rodromydkí xdkifcdkif;\/ þodkYESifhyif armifzdk;omonf (10)&ufcefY
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av\/ xdktcgü bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omvnf; aumif;pGm

208
rif;odcF r[l&m
xdkifEdkifvmNyD jzpf\/ odkYr[kwf xdkifwwfoGm;NyD jzpf\/ xdktcgü

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vmr,f/
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okcudkvnf; jynfhjynfh00 r&Edkifbl;}
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wpfnwGif paearmifarmifu bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omudk EdI;vdkuf\/

209
rif;odcF r[l&m
NyD;vQif tcsKyfcef;\ opfom;rsOf;wHudk jzKwfvdkufNyD;vQif vlwpfa,muf

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xGufNyD;rS paearmifarmifu xGufav\/ NyD;aemuf ¤if;u OdD;aqmifí
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rdk;vif;cg;eD;rS c&D;qufMuav\/ &efolESifh a0;aomae&modkY a&mufaom
tcgü bGefa[mif;u ...
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&wm/ usKyfvSD;wJh w*sd*sdtoHudk oDcsif;atmfqdkoHeJY a&mNyD; bmrS
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'DaeYrS oltcsKyfcef;apmifh usw,fuG}
[k ajymvkdufvQif armifzdk;omu ...
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]ck b,ftcsdef&SdNyDvJ rodbl;}

210
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ar;vdkuf&m paearmifarmifu pm;yGJwifem&D ta[mif;wpfvHk;

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MunfNh yD;aemuf ...
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jyefNyD;wdkufzdkY em&D r&Sdbl;avuGm}
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av\/ q&mBuD;paearmifarmifonf c&D;vrf;udk wGufqNyD;aemuf
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ay:odkY a&mufonftxd oGm;aeavawmhownf;/

211
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (18)
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rnfhvrf;vnf; aysmufaeav\/ armifzdk;omonf tzsm;0ifpjyKaeNyD
jzpfí w[if;[if;nnf;í vdkufav\/ *lwGif;odkY a&mufaomtcgü
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wdkufNyD;aemuf paearmifarmifbufodkY vSnfhum ...
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csif aomuf&r,f r[kwfvm;}

212
rif;odcF r[l&m
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[k ar;vdkuf&m q&mBuD;paearmifarmifu ...
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av\/ armifzdk;omonf rsufvHk;zGifhí Munfh\/ xdktcg q&mBuD;
paearmifarmifu ...
]uJ.. armifzdk;om/ toufudk wtm;½SLoGif;NyD; atmifhxm;vdkuf/
igu xkwfvdkY rajym&if rif; rxkwfeJY}

213
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufojzifh armifzdk;omvnf; aMumufaMumufjzifh

atmifhxm; &av\/ atmifhxm;&if; rsufvHk;rsm; jyL;vm\/ rsufESmBuD;
eDjref;vm\/ rcsdrqH jzpfvm\/ xdktcgusrSyif paearmifarmifu ...
]xkwfawmh}
[k ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omvnf; ]½SL;} ceJY rIwfxkwfvdkuf\/
xdkodkY rIwfxkwfvdkufonfh wpfcPüyif ¤if;\rsufESmü acR;oD;acR;ayguf
rsm; xGufvmav\/ ¤if;vnf; tenf;i,f arm[dkufouJYodkYjzpfoGm;NyD;
tarmajyonfhtcg ikwfwkwfxxdkif\/ xdkodkY xxdkif&if; ...
]b,fvdkrsm; jzpfoGm;rSef; rodygbl; q&mBuD;&,f/ wpfcgwnf;
rsm; toufxGufoGm;rvm; xifrdw,f}
[k nnf;nL&if; teD;&Sd a&aEG;Murf;udk aumufí armhaomuf
vdkufav\/ paearmifarmifonff armifzdk;omtm; MunfhNyD;aemuf ...
]awmf½Hkwef½Hk tzsm;uawmh 'Denf;eJY aysmufawmhwmygyJ}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ ¤if;wdkY oHk;OD;onf xdkausmuf*ltwGif;ü
tem;,lNyD;aemuf &wemajryHk &Sd&modkYoGm;&ef pDpOfMuavawmh\/
xdkodkYpDpOf&mwGif t"dutcsufrSm xdk&wemodkuf&Sd&m ae&modkY bmb&mwdkY
vlpk a&muf&Sd&ef &Sd r&Sd pHkprf;&ef jzpf\/ xdkYaMumifh &du©mtjynfhtpHkjzifh
bGefa[mif;tm; owif;,l&ef paearmifarmifu vTwfvdkufav\/
ausmuf*lxJwGif paearmifarmifESifh armifzdk;omom usef&pfcJh\/
xdkYaMumifh armifzdk;omonf csufjyKwfaomvkyfief;udk wm0ef,l&av\/
armifzdk;omonf xrif;csuf&if; ...
]tawmfhyJ q&mBuD;a&../ udkbGefa[mif;BuD; r&Sdwkef;rSm ynm
oif&OD;r,f}
[k armifzdk;omu ajymvdkufvQif paearmifarmifu ...

214
rif;odcF r[l&m
]bGefa[mif;&Sdawmh bmjzpfvdkYwHk;}
[k ar;vdkufvQif armifzdk;omu ...
]bmrSawmh rjzpfygbl; q&mBuD;&,f/ 'Dvlu avaMum
odyf&Snfwm/ olYqDrSm oif&if bmynmrS wwfrSm r[kwfbl;/
bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh olwwfwmawG avQmufajymaeawmh bmrSwf&rSef;
rodbl;/ uRefawmf awGYzl;wJh w½kwfxJrSm pum;trsm;qHk; w½kwfyJ}
[k ajymav\/
]aeprf;ygOD; ighvl&m/ rif;u bmynm oifcsifwmvJ}
[k paearmifarmifu ar;vdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...
]ta&;taMumif;&Sd&if q&mBuD; wGufwGufaewJh [dk[mav
t*F0dZÆm qdkvm;? bmqdkvm;/ tJ'g uRefawmf odyfoabmusw,f/
uRefawmfhudk oifay;yg}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]oifay;&wmaygh ighvl&,f/ ightwGuf tyef;rBuD;ygbl;/
t*F0dZÆmrSmu j*dKvfckepfvHk;yJ &SdwmuGm/ rif;udk pum;ckepfvHk;yJ oifay;
vdkuf&if rif;wwfygw,f}
[k ajymav\/ xdktcg ...
]'Davmufawmif vG,fovm; q&mBuD;&,f}
[k armifzdk;omu jyefíajym&m paearmifarmifu ...
]vG,fw,fvdkY igu ajymwmr[kwfbl;uGm/ rcufwJh taMumif;
ajymwmyg}
[k jyefíajymav\/ xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYESpfOD;onf xrif; usuf
aomtcgü xrif;ESifh tom;ajcmufrsm;udk Nrdef&SufpGm pm;aomufMu

215
rif;odcF r[l&m
av\/ pm;aomufNyD;aomtcgü armifzdk;omonf rD;zdkteD;wGif

apmifuav;csHKí xrif;vHk;pD&if; tdyfaysmfoGm;av\/ xdktcgü paearmif
armifu ¤if;tm;EdI;NyD;vQif ...
]t*F0dZÆm oifr,fqdk../ bmvdkY tdyfae&wmvJ}
[k ajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omvnf; aMumufvefYí vl;vJum
xav\/
]q&mBuD; roifao;vdkY cPrSdef;wmyg}
]rif; rSdef;wmuvnf; a[mufoHawG xGufaeygvm;/ uJ.. uJ
a[m[dk ausmufcGufxJua&eJY rsufESmopfvdkuf}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymav\/ xdkaMumifh armifzdk;omonf
vnf; ausmufcGufxJrSa&jzifh rsufESmopfvdkuf&m at;vGefvSojzifh
rsufESmwpfckvHk; xltrf;í oGm;av\/ xdkaMumifh armifzdk;omvnf;
ol\vuf0g;udk rD;zdkjzifh uifvdkuf? xdkvuf0g;udk rsufESmjzifh tyfvdkuf
vkyfae&\/ xdkYaemufrS paearmifarmifteD;odkYvmNyD; usKHUusKHUxdkifvsuf...
]tqifoifhjzpfygNyD q&mBuD;}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]t*F0dZÆmudk rsm;aomtm;jzifhuawmh jrefrmjynfrSmwGuw f Jh q&m
awG[m wpfem&DcGJ ,lMuavh &Sdw,fuG/ wcsKdUuvnf; wpfq,fh&SpfrdepfpD
pdwfNyD; ,lwmvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ usKyfenf;uawmh wpfem&D,lwJh enf;yJ/
tJ'D wpfem&DxJrSmrS av;rdepfpDxyfNyD; pdwfxm;wJh enf;vdkY qdkEdkifw,fuGYJ}
[kk pum;pvdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...

216
rif;odcF r[l&m
]em;vnfygNyD q&mBuD;/ q&mBuD;enf;udkyJ ajymjyyg}

[k ajymvdkufav\/
]aeYwpfaeY&JU tpudk noef;acgifuae p&r,fuG/ OyrmuGm..
we*FaEGaeYqdkwm paeaeY oef;acgifausmfwmeYJ pNyD/ wpfem&DrSm
j*dKvfwpfvHk;pD ajymif;oGm;w,fvdkYvnf; rSwfxm;&r,f/ tJ'Dj*dKvfawG u
vnf; olYtpDtpOfeJYol ajymif;oGm;Muw,f/ b,fvdk tpDtpOfvJqdkawmh
vuFmav;wpfck rSwfxm;}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]aumif;ygNyD q&mBuD;/ uRefawmf rSwfxm;ygr,fh}
[k jyefíajymvkdufav\/
]]vuFmu ]tkef;? oD;? vSnf;? BuD;? wdkY? rsm;? pD;} &,fvdkY ckESpfvHk;
&Sdw,fuG/ ]tkef;} qdkwJh we*FaEGj*dKvfNyD;&if ]oD;} qdkwJh aomMumj*dKvf?
]oD;} qdkwJh aomMumj*dKvf NyD;&if ]vSnf;} qdkwJh Ak'¨[l;j*dKvf? ]vSnf;} qdkwJh
Ak'¨[l;j*dKvfNyD;&if ]BuD;} qdkwJh wevFmj*dKvfaygh/ ]BuD;} qdkwJh wevFm
j*dKvfNyD;&if ]wdkY} qdkwJh paej*dKvf? ]wdkY} qdkwJh paej*dKvfNyD;&if ]rsm;} qdkwJh
Mumoyaw;j*dKvf? ]rsm;} qdkwJh Mumoyaw;j*dKvf NyD;&if ]pD;} qdkwJh
t*Fgj*dKvf/ tJ'D tpDtpOftwdkif;yJuG/ ]pD;} qdkwJh t*Fgj*dKvf NyD;&ifawmh
]tkef;} qdkwJh we*FaEGj*dKvf jyefpayghuGm/ tJ'D tpDtpOftwdkif;
vSnfhayawmh}}
]uRefawmf Mum;zl;wm ]ol&ZÆ? aomMu? Ak'¨} &,fvdkYyJ Mum;zl;
ygw,f q&mBuD;&,f}

217
rif;odcF r[l&m
]tJ'gvnf; [kwfygw,f/ qdk&wm &SnfwmayghuG,f/ ]tkef;? oD;?

vSnf;? BuD;? wdkY? rsm;? pD;} qdkwmvnf; rif;ajymwJh ]ol&ZÆ? aomMu? Ak'¨} eJY
twlwlygyJuG}
[k jyefíajymjyvdkufav\/
armifzdk;omonf paearmifarmifajymjyaom ]tkef;? oD;? vSnf;?
BuD;? wdkY? rsm;? pD;} qdkonfh vuFmudk EIwfwdkuf wzGzGqDref;ref;ouJYodkY
&Gwfqdkaeavawmh\/ xdkYaMumifh paearmifarmifonf qufvufí
ajymjyjcif;r&SdbJ apmifhíaeav\/
wpfatmifhrQMumvQif armifzdk;omu ...
]ajymyg q&mBuD;/ uRefawmf em;axmifaeygw,f}
]Oyrmwpfck ajymjyr,f/ paeaeYn oef;acgifausmfuae wpfem&D
twGif;rSm we*FaEGaeYudk tpjyKw,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'gaMumifh tJ'Dtcsdef
tcg[m we*FaEG tcsdeftcgyJ/ ]tkef;} qdkwmeJY ywfoufw,fuGm/
wpfem&Duae ESpfem&D twGif;rSmawmh ]oD;} qdkwJh aomMumtcgudk
a&mufoGm;NyDaygh/ ESpfem&Duae oHk;em&Dqdk&ifawmh ]vSnf;} qdkwJh Ak'¨
tcgudk a&mufoGm;NyD/ oHk;em&Duae av;em&Dtcg twGif;rSmawmh ]BuD;}
qdkwJh wevFmtcg a&mufoGm;NyD/ av;em&Duae ig;em&DtcgtwGif;rSm
]wdkY} qdkwJh paetcg a&mufoGm;NyD/ ig;em&Duae ajcmufem&DtwGif;rSm
]rsm;} qdkwJh Mumoyaw;tcg a&mufoGm;NyD/ ajcmufem&Du ckESpfem&D
twGif;rSm ]pD;} qdd kwJh t*Fgtcg a&mufoGm;NyD/ ckESpfem&Du &Spfem&D
twGif;rSm ]tkef;} qdkwJh we*FaEGtcg jyefa&mufoGm;NyD/ tJ'Dtwdkif;
qufNyD; wpfem&D wpfvSnfh oGm;vdkufwm nq,fEh Spfem&Dtxd ayghuGm/
rif;[mrif;vnf; vufcsdK;NyD; a&Munfhyg/ we*FaEGaeYn q,fhwpfem&Du
q,fhESpfem&D[m ]vSnf;} qdkwJh Ak'¨tcg a&mufvdrfhr,f/ tJ'DtcsdefrSm

218
rif;odcF r[l&m
we*FaEGaeY[m ukefqHk;oGm;NyD/ q,fESpfem&D ausmfwmeJY wevFmaeY

qdkawmh ]BuD;} qdkwJh wevFmuae p&awmhr,f r[kwfvm;}
[k ajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omonf vufcsdK;a&wGufMunfhav\/
NyD;vQif ...
][kwfw,f q&mBuD;}
[k 0efcHav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu ...
]tJ'gudk oabmayguf&if wpfem&Dudk wpfcg,lwJh t*F0dZÆm
enf;udk oabmayguf oGm;NyD/ aemufxyf ajymp&mpum;av; enf;enf;yJ
usefawmhw,f/ b,ftcg a&muf&if b,fvdk ,lq&w,fqdkwm t&if
ajymjy&OD;r,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
armifzdk;omonf ...
]aumif;ygNyD q&mBuD;/ uRefawmf tvGwf&atmif usufyghr,f/
ajymomajymyg}
[k qdkav\/
]pum;ckepfcGef; ajymr,fqdkwm tck pajymrSmyJ/ tJ'D ckepfcGef;udk
aoaocsmcsm em;axmifxm;/ tJ'gudk rif; aoaocsmcsmwwf&if t*F0dZÆm
udk rif; aumif;aumif; wwfoGm;NyDvdkY oabmxm;ayawmh}
[kajymNyD; pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudk xkwf,lí rD;n§d½dIufzGmNyD; *l0qDodkY
vSrf;íMunfhvdkufav\/ xdktcsdefü *l0wGif EGm;vSnf;wpfpD; vm&yf\/
xdkEGm;vSnf;ay:rS rkwfqdwfarG;? yg;odkif;arG; xlxyfaom vlwpfa,muf
qif;vmNyD;vQif *sHKtdwfrsm;? oMum;rsm;? tmvl;rsm;? qDyHk;rsm; *lwGif;odkY

219
rif;odcF r[l&m
oGif;vm\/ xdkodkY oGif;vmNyD;aemuf paearmifarmiftm; *g&0

jyKvdkufNyD;vQif ukvm;bmomjzifh ...
]qm;'l;av;&rfu ydkYcdkif; vdkufwmyg/ paearmifarmif 'DxJrSm
&Sdw,fqdkvdkY vmydkYwmyg}
[k ajymvQif paearmifarmifu ...
]oif b,folvJ}
[lít"dyÜm,f&aom ukvm;bmomjzifh ar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg
xdkrkwfqdwfarG;? yg;odkif;arG;ESifhvlu ...
]r[m'l;}
[k jyefíajzvdkufav\/ paearmifarmifu r[m'l;tm; tul
tnDay;&ef ajymqdkpnf;½Hk;av\/ r[m'l;uvnf; tultnDay;rnf[k
0efcHav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu r[m'l;tm; ajrjyifay:wGif
ajryHkwpfcsyfudk qGJjyvdkufavawmhownf;/
paearmifarmif qGJjyaomajryHkrSm &wemodkuf&Sd&mawmtkyfBuD;\
ajryHkjzpf\/ prf;acsmif;rsm;? csdKifh0Srf;rsm;? awmifukef;rsm;\ ae&mrsm;udk
twdtusazmfjyí paearmifarmifonf r[m'l;tm; &Sif;jyaeav\/
r[m'l;onf xdkyHkudkMunfhí ta&SU? taemuf? awmif? ajrmufudk
ar;\/ paearmifarmifu xdkyHk\tay:bufudk ajrmufbufjzpfaMumif;
ajymjyav\/ xdktcg ...
]tJ'g bmvkyf&rSmvJ}
[k t"dyÜm,f&aom ukvm;pum;jzifh jyefíar;\/ paearmifarmif
onf r[m'l;udk jyHK;íMunfhNyD;aemuf ...
]'DrSm r[m'l;.. usKyf[m tJ'Dawmudk ajryHkyJ Munfzh l;wm/ wpfcgrS
ra&mufzl;bl;/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fhvlu oGm;NyD; Munfhyg/ usKyfajymwm [kwf?

220
rif;odcF r[l&m
r[kwf ajryHkwpfcsyf qGJcJhyg/ tJ'g[m usKyfudk ulnDwmygyJ/ tJ'DtwGuf

r[m'l;udk usKyfu b,fvdkenf;eYJ aus;Zl;qyf&r,f qddkwmvnf; ajymcJhyg}
[k ajymvdkufvQif r[m'l;u ...
]'DrSm rdwfaqGBuD; paearmifarmif.. cifAsm;u rcdkif;vnf; usKyfu
awmawG awmifawGxJ avQmufvnfaewJh aumif/ 'Dawmh awmxJ
avQmufvnfzdkYtwGuf cifAsm;u usKyfudk aus;Zl;qyfzdkY rvdkygbl;}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
paearmifarmifonf r[m'l;\pum;udk oabmusí jyHK;vdkuf
av\/
]aumif;NyDav/ tMumBuD; vnfvdkY rjzpfbl;/ cyfjrefjref vnfNyD;
&if jyefvmcJhyg}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkuf&m r[m'l;u ]pdwfcs} qdkNyD;vQif
xGufoGm;avawmh\/
]q&mBuD;...uRefawmfhudk t*F0dZÆm qufNyD;oifay;OD;aemf}
[k ajymav\/
]oifay;&rSmayghuGm/ 'Dawmh rif; odxm;&rSmu tkef;? oD;? vSnf;?
BuD;? wdkY? rsm;? pD; vuFmeJY wpfem&Dwpfcg vSnfhNyD;oGm;w,f/
oabmayguf&if wpfem&DtwGif; av;rdepfpD xyfNyD;pdwfwJh taMumif;udk
ajym&OD;r,f/ wpfem&D rdepfajcmufq,f&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'gudk av;
rdepfpD ydkif;vdkuf&if 15 ydkif; &rSmayghuGm/ tJ'D 15 ydkif;udk av;rdepf
t*F0dZÆmvdkY ac:w,fuG/ Oyrm paeaeYn oef;acgifausmfvdkY we*FaEG
aeYxJudk 0ifwmeJY ]tkef;} qdkwJh we*FaEGtcgudk&w,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'D
we*FaEGtcg[m wpfem&Dwdwd Mumr,f/ tJ'D wpfem&Dudk av;rdepf

221
rif;odcF r[l&m
pD pdwfvdkuf&if yxr av;rdepf[m ]tkef;} yJ/ 'kwd, ig;rdepfuae

&Spfrdepf[m ]oD;} yJ/ udk;rdepfu q,fhESpfrdepf[m ]vSnf;} yJ/ q,fhoHk;rdepf
uae q,fhajcmufrdepf[m ]BuD;} yJ/ tJ'DvdkeYJ av;rdepf pdwfav;awG
q,fhig;pdwf xyfNyD; pdwf&w,fuGJY/ tJ'grS ydkNyD; wdwdusus &Sdwm/
uJ...rif;[mrif; wGuMf unfhprf;/ tck aeYv,fwpfem&DeYJ
ajcmufrdepf &SdaeNyD/ 'DaeY[m wevFmaeY jzpfw,fuGJY/ tJ'g av;rdepf
t*F0dZÆmeJYwGuf&if b,ftcg a&mufaeNyDvJ/ ighudk ajymprf;}
]]aeYcif; wpfem&Dxdk;qdkwm[m noef;acgifu a&r,fqdk&if
q,fhoHk;em&DyJ q&mBuD;&JU/ tJ'Dawmh wevFmaeYqdkawmh ]BuD;} uae p
a&&rSmyJ/ tJ'Dvdka&r,fqdk&if ]BuD;? wdkY? rsm;? pD;? tkef;? oD;?
vSnf;? BuD;? wdkY? rsm;? pD;? tkef;? oD;?} txd &rSmaygh/ tJ'D ]oD;} uae
aemufav;rdepfpdwfudk pOf;pm;&r,fqdkawmh yxrav;rdepf[m ]oD;} yJ/
'kwd,av;rdepf[m ]vSnf;} qdkawmh q&mBuD;ar;wm ajcmufrdepfqdkawmh
&SpfrdepftwGif;rSm tusHK;0ifw,f/ tJ'Dawmh ]vSnf;} tcgaygh/ ]vSnf;}
tcgqdkawmh ]Ak'¨[l;} tcgaygh q&mBuD;&,f}}
[k armifzdk;omu jyefajymvdkufvQif paearmifarmifu ...
]armifzdk;om awmfayom;yJ}
[k csD;rGrf;av\/

222
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (19)
tqdyfNyD;aomol
]tJ'Dawmh bmqufNyD;vkyf&rvJ q&mBuD;}

]armifzdk;omudk ajym&OD;r,f/ jrefrmjynfrSm t*F0dZÆmeJYywfoufNyD;
pum;ajymvdkY&Sd&if twkvq&mawmf cifBuD;aysmf taMumif;ryg&if pum;
ajymvdkY r&bl;uG/ q&mawmf[m t*F0dZÆmudk vuFmtydk'fav;q,f
a&;xm;cJhw,f/ tJ'gudk aemufq&mawGu #DumxyfNyD; csJUMuw,f/ tJ'D
#Dumusrf;[m yHkESdyfpufwifcJhwm MumNyDuG/ usrf;&JUed*Hk;rSm ]*VKefnDaemif?
usm;wlaqmif? jrwfacgifouú&mZf} vdkY a&;xm;w,fuG/ tJ'gudkMunfh&if
*VKefnDaemifqdkawmh wpfwpfayghuGm/ usm;wlaqmif qdkawmh ESpfESpfaygh

223
rif;odcF r[l&m
uGm/ tJ'Dawmh tJ'D #Dumusrf;a&;NyD;wJh ouú&mZf[m 1122ckESpfvdkY

qdk&rSmyJ/ tJ'Dawmh tawmfuav; MumcJhNyDayghuGm/ ESpf ESpf&meD;yg;awmif
&SdaeNyDyJ/ 'gaMumifh wcsKdUuvnf; #Dumudk q&mawmfudk,fwdkif a&;w,f
vdkY xifMuw,f/ iguawmh 'Dvdkrxifbl;/ usrf;&if;vuFm udkawmh
q&mawmfudk,fwdkif a&;r,f/ #Dumudkawmh q&mawmf&JU wynfh wpfOD;OD;
a&;vdrfhr,fxifw,f/ yHkESdyfpufwifawmh 'Dusrf;udk oHk;ydkif;cGJNyD; wifw,f/
tJ'gaMumifh 'Dusrf;[m yxrydkif;? 'kwd,ydkif;? wwd,ydkif;vdkY jzpfoGm;wm
ayghuGm/ wpfcg yxrydkif;rSm rmwdumudk oHk;ydkif; ydkif;xm;w,f/ tJ'D
rmwdum oHk;ydkif;pvHk;[m 191 ck&Sdw,fuG/ tJ'g yxrwGJudk ajymwm/
tJ'Dawmh yxrwGJ pmrsufESm[m 172 rsufESm&Sdw,fuG/ 'kwd,wGJ
rmwdumu pwkw¬ydkif;? yOörydkif;? q|rydkif;&,fvdkY oHk;ydkif; cGJjyefw,f/
tJ'DrSmu rmwdumaygif; 195 &Sdw,f/ pmrsufESm 188 rsufESm&Sdw,fuG/
wwd,ydkif; rmwdumu owår? t|r? er0 qdkNyD;awmh tydkif; oHk;ydkif;
&Sdjyefw,f/ tJ'DoHk;ydkif;&JU cifBuD;aysmf&JU t*F0dZÆm#DumBuD;taMumif;
ajymr,fqdk&if rmwdumaygif; 593? pmrsufESmaygif; 528 &SdaewmvdkY
odxm;&r,f/ ESpfckpvHk; ig;&mausmfqdkawmh tMurf;zsif; em;vnfxm;
&rSmu rmwdumwpfckudk pmrsufESm wpfrsufESmEIef; jzpfaewmayghuGm/
rmwdumuawmif pmrsufESmxuf 65 ck ydkNyD;rsm;aew,fqdkawmh wcsKdU
pmrsufESm wpfrsufESmxJrSm rmwdum oHk;ck? av;ck 0ifxm;wm&Sdr,fvdkY
em;vnfoifhwmaygh/ tJ'Dawmh rmwdum taMumif;t&m wpfckudk
wpfrsufESm? 'grSr[kwf&if wpfrsufESmxufavsmhNyD; azmfjyxm;w,f
qdkuwnf;u vljydef;wpfa,mufzwfNyD;&if em;vnfatmif csJUxGif&Sif;vif;
xm;w,fvdkY rqdkEdkifbl;/ #Dumqdkayr,fh odyfNyD;csJUxm;wJh #DumrdsK;awmh
r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifhvnf; t*F0dZÆmvdkufpm;wJhvl awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m
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wwf&ovJqdkawmh q&mawmf wpfOD;OD;pDrSm wynfhcHNyD; oifcsifoif?
tJ'DvdkrS roifcsif&ifvnf; t*F0dZÆm#Dumusrf;BuD;udkzwf? em;rvnfwJh

224
rif;odcF r[l&m
tydkif; csefxm;/ em;vnfoavmuf vkyfprf;Munfh? tJ'DrSm tawGYtMuHKu

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vdkufpm;wJhvl awmfawmf rsm;rsm;[m tawGYtMuHKudkyJ tm;udk;&w,f
armifzdk;oma&/ usrf;u b,favmufyJ 'Dvdkvkyf&if 'Dvdkjzpfygw,f
qdkxm;ayr,fh OyrmuGm... we*FaEGom;udk vmapcsif&if Mumoyaw;
tcgrSm ajrmufbufvSnfhNyD; oD;oD;pm;ygvdkY usrf;u qdkxm;w,f/
usrf;u b,fae&mrSm qdkxm;ovJqdkawmh aeYeHvdkuf "mwf½dkuf0dZÆmtzGifh
qdkwJh ae&mrSm qdkxm;w,f/ tJ'gu rmwdum 170? pmrsufESm 143 rSm
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rvmbl;uG/ wpfcgwnf; vkyfMunfhwmr[kwfbl;/ &Spfcg vkyfMunfhwm/
vmudk rvmbl;uG/ tJ'Dawmh ighrdwfaqG armiftkef;oef;eJY awGYwJh
tcgrSm igu cifAsm; ckwpfavm usKyfqDvmcsifwJhpdwf ray:bl;vm;vdkY
ar;awmh olu ray:ygbl;AsmwJh/ tJ'Dawmh ig[m tJ'DtaMumif;t&mudk
vufrcHawmhbl;/ ighrSm wjcm; tawGYtMuHKawGvnf; &Sdao;w,f/
'gaMumifh ig[m usrf;pmtkyfawGudk rsufpdrSdwf,HkwJhtxJrSm rygbl;uG}
[k paearmifarmifonf av;av;eufeuf ajymvdkufavawmh\/
xdktcg armifzdk;omuvnf; ...
]'Dvdkqdk uRefawmfvnf; usrf;pmtkyfawGudk rsufpdrSdwfNyD; r,Hk
awmhbl; q&mBuD;}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
]'DvdkvkyfvdkYawmh rjzpfbl;uG/ igu usrf;pmtkyfawG rsufpdrSdwfNyD;
r,Hkawmhbl;qdkwmu ig&JUtawGYtMuHKeJY ajymwmuG/ rif;u rif;&JU
tawGYtMuHK r[kwfbJ igajymwmudkvdkufNyD; vkyf&ifawmh usrf;pmtkyfudk
awmh rsufpdrSdwfNyD; r,Hkbl;/ paearmifarmifudkawmh rsufpdrSdwfNyD;
,HkwJhtxJ ygoGm;vdrfhr,f}

225
rif;odcF r[l&m

]rSefwmaygh q&mBuD;/ tJ'Dvdkawmh rjzpfoifhbl;aygh/ tJ'Dawmh
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udkvnf; rsufpdrSdwfNyD; r,Hkoifhbl;/ uRefawmfvnf; odyf tdyfcsifaeNyD/
cPawmh rsufpdrSdwfNyD; tdyfyg&ap q&mBuD;}
]taumif;qHk;yJ armifzdk;oma&/ a[m[dk rD;zdkem;rSm oGm;NyD;awmh
tdyfayawmh/ rif;Munfh&wm anmifememeJY tdyfa&;r0wJh oabmyJuG/
tJ'Dawmh pum;ajymvdkY raumif;ygbl;uGm/ tdyfa&;0atmif tdyfygOD;/
rif;tdyfa&;0rSyJ...}
]uRefawmf tdyfa&;0&if q&mBuD;u qufNyD; oifay;rSmvm;}
[k ar;vdkufvQif paearmifarmifu ...
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tvSnfh ukefNyDav/ rif; uif;apmifh&awmhr,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/ armifzdk;omvnf; rD;zdkteD;odkY uysmu,m
oGm;NyD;vQif apmifydkif;av;udkjcHKí auG;avawmh\/ rsufpdudkvnf;
rSdwfxm;\/ twefMumaomtcgü armifzdk;omonf pwifí tdyfaysmfoGm;
avawmh\/
þodkYESifhyif armifzdk;omESifh paearmifarmifwdkYonf ausmuf*lBuD;
wGif;ü aexdkifvmcJhMu&m wpfvcGJcefY Mumaomtcgü ¤if;wdkY
vTwfvdkufaom r[m'l;onf jyefí a&mufvmavawmh\/ r[m'l;onf
paearmifarmifudkawGYvQif ¤if;\vkyfief;wm0efrsm; NyD;qHk;í jyefvmNyDjzpf

226
rif;odcF r[l&m
aMumif;ajymum ydwfjzLpBuD;wpfpjzefYí cif;jyav\/ paearmifarmif

vnf; xdkajryHkudkMunfhNyD;aemuf acgif;udk wqwfqwfndwfíjyav\/
]odyfNyD; av;pm;cifrifzdkYaumif;w,f r[m'l;a&/ rif; qGJvmwJh
ajryHk[m tawmfhudk aocsmw,fuGm/ acsmif;awG? ajrmif;awG? a&uefawG
vnf; jynfhpHkatmif ygw,f/ awmifukef;awG? csdKifh0Srf;awGvnf; jynfhpHk
atmif ygw,f/ a[m'Dae&m wpfckudk ig r&Sif;bl;uG/ rif; bmudk
azmfjycsifwmvJ}
[k t"dyÜm,f&aom ukvm;pum;jzifh paearmifarmifu ar;vdkuf
av\/ xdktcg r[m'l;u ...
]'Dae&mrSm vQdKBuD;&Sdw,f}
[k ukvm;pum;jzifhyif jyefíajymav\/ paearmifarmifonf
ajryHkudk xyfrHMunfhNyD;aemuf ...
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awG jyxm;w,f/ tJ'gawG tm;vHk;[m vQdKawGcsnf;yJvm;}
[k ar;vdkuf&m ...
][kwfw,f/ tJ'gawGtm;vHk; vQdKawGcsnf;yJ/ vQdKawGqdkwm
tvG,fajymwmaemf/ wu,fu OrifvkdPfacgif;awG}
[k ajymav\/
paearmifarmifonf pD;u&ufwpfvdyfudkxkwfí rD;nd§½dIufzGm&if;
wpfpHkwpfckudk tav;teuf pOf;pm;aeav\/
]iga&;xm;wJhajryHkrSm OrifvdkPfacgif;qdkwm rygbl;uG/ 'Dtcsuf
[m xl;jcm;wJh tcsufyJ/ 'geJY rif;udk ar;&OD;r,f/ tJ'D OrifvdkPfacgif;
awGxJudk rif; 0ifMunfhcJhovm;}

227
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k paearmifarmifu ar;vdkuf&m r[m'l;u ...

]usKyfwdkY a*:&cg;vlrsdK;[m owdåaumif;ygw,f/ aMumufvefY
w,fqdkwm odyNf yD; r&SdMuygbl;/ 'gayrJh tJ'D OrifvdkPfacgif;awGxJ
Munfzh dkYusawmh usKyf ausmenf;enf; pdrfhw,f/ 'gaMumifh 0ifrMunfh
cJhbl;.../ arSmifrnf;aewmyJAsm}
[k ajymav\/
]tJ'Dawmh tJ'DxJrSm a>rawG bmawG&SdzdkY aocsmwmayghuGm/
tJ'Dawmh tJ'D a>rawG bmawGudk rif;taeeJY enf;enf;aMumufw,f
qdkygawmhuGm}
[k paearmifarmifu ajymvdkuf&m r[m'l;u ...
]a>r½dk;½dk;qdk&if usKyf raMumufygbl;/ tJ'DbufrSmu ajcaxmuf
&SdwJh a>rawG&Sdw,fAs/ tJ'gudk vefYwm}
]q&mBuD;.. r[m'l; r[kwfwmawG ajymaeNyD/ avmurSm
ajcaxmuf &SdwJha>rqdkwm b,f&SdrvJAs}
]wufwlqdkwJhaumifu udk,fvHk;u a>rygyJuGm/ ajcaxmufawG?
vufawGygw,ff/ ajcaxmufawG? vufawGuawmh oefoefrmrm r[kwf
ygbl;uGm/ a>rwdkif;[m tqdyfr&Sdayr,fh wufwlwdkif;uawmh tqdyf
&Sdw,f/ oGm;wm vmwmvnf; a>rxuf jrefw,f/ NyD;awmh a>ru eH&Hudk
wufvdkYr&bl;/ wufwluawmh eH&Hvnf; wufvdkY&w,f/ rsufESmMuufrSm
vnf; uyfaevdkY&w,f/ tJ'Dawmh ydktEÅ&m,frsm;wmayghuGm}
[k ajymvdkufrSyif armifzdk;omu ...

228
rif;odcF r[l&m
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&,f/ 'Dwpfcg wufwlawGY&if uRefawmfhudk jyprf;yg q&mBuD;&,f}
[k ajymav\/
paearmifarmifonf r[m'l;tm; tpm;tpmrsm; auR;arG;&ef
twGuf armifzdk;omtm; wm0efay;vdkufav\/ armifzdk;omonf
r[m'l;tm; xrif;auR;av\/ r[m'l;u armifzdk;omtm; olu tom;
rpm;aMumif;ajymav\/ armifzdk;omuvnf; ...
]'DrSm r[m'l;.../ udk,fhvl tom; pm;csif&ifawmif 'DrSm tom;
r&Sdbl;/ &SdwJh tom;ajcmufav;awmif ukefwmMumvSNyD/ usKyfwdkYvnf;
rdIajcmufawG? rkefnif;&GufajcmufawGyJ pm;ae&wm/ tom;ygrSm rpdk;&drfeJY/
ygcsifvdkYawmif rygbl;/ }
[k ajymvdkufvQif r[m'l;vnf; &,fav\/
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,HkMunfpdwfcspGmESifh pm;av\/ xrif;pm;NyD;aomtcgü paearmifarmifu
AefYaAG;&GufajcmufEiS fh aq;vdyfESpfvdyf vdyfíay;av\/ r[m'l;vnf;
rD;zdkwGifuyfí AD'DudkzGm&if; paearmifarmifESifh pum;ajymaeav\/
]'DrSm r[m'l;/ udk,fhvl awmxJudka&mufwJhtcgrSm b,folawGeJY
awGYao;ovJ}
paearmifarmifu ar;av\/
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tdyfaewmudk awGY&w,f/ olYab;rSm wkwftwdkawGa&m? wkwft&Snf
awGa&m? ausmufcJawGa&m pHkaewmyJ/ usKyf olYtem;a&mufwJhtxd ol[m
tdyfaew,f/ usKyfu wu,ftdyfaew,f atmufarhvdkY olYtem;
uyfoGm;wm usKyf&JUndKUousnf;udk vSrf;½dkufw,f/ 'geJY usKyfrSmygvmwJh

229
rif;odcF r[l&m
qefeJYvkyfxm;wJhrkefYav;ESpfck olYudkauR;vdkuf&w,f/ tJ'grS usKyfeJY oleJY

rdwfaqGjzpfoGm;w,ff/ usKyfwdkYbmompum;udk ol uRrf;uRrf;usifusif
wwfw,f/ r[m'l;udk usKyf odyfcifwmyJwJh/ olaoNyD Mum;&if
Mum;&mt&yfu vmcJhwJh/ olY&JUyg;pyfxJu a&ToGm;awG Ekwf,loGm;wJh/
tJ'g rdwfaqGcsif;cifvdkY tarGay;wmwJh/ tJ'geJY usKyfu olYudkar;w,f/
'DawmxJrSm bmvmvkyfwmvJvdkY ar;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh olu olYq&m
cdkif;vdkY vmwmwJh/ olYq&mu olYudk 'DawmxJrSm opf&Guf
b,fESpf&Guf&SdovJ qdkwm a&wGufcdkif;vdkYvmNyD; a&wGufwmwJh/ olY
emrnfudk usKyfu b,fvdkac:ovJvdkY ar;awmh olu rar;ygeJYwJh/
ar;vnf; trSefajym&rSm r[kwfbl;wJh/ w½kwfbdef;pm;wpfa,mufvdkY
rSwfxm;&if vHkavmufygNyDwJh/ usKyf[m oleJY ig;&ufavmuf twl
aecJhw,f/ NyD;rS vrf;cGJoGm;wm}
[k r[m'l;u ajymav\/ paearmifarmifonf pD;u&ufwdkudk
rD;zdkwGif;odkY vSrf;íypfxnfh&if; ...
]awmxJrSm b,foleJY aemufxyfawGYao;ovJ}
[k ar;av\/
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pcef;csaewJh vlwpfpkudk awGY&w,f/ tJ'Dvlwpk&JU acgif;aqmifu
rdef;ryJ/ usKyfu olwdkYudk ysm;zGyfwJhvlvdkY ajymxm;w,f/ usKyfrSmvnf;
0g;usnfawmufeJY ysm;&nfawG bmawG ygwmudk;/ ol[m ujym;r
wpfa,mufyJ/ olYemrnfu bmb&mvdkY ac:w,f}
[k ajymvdkuf&m paearmifarmifonf r[m'l; axmufjyaomajryHk
\ ae&mudkMunfhí ...
]armifzdk;oma&.. bmb&mqdkwJh rdef;rvnfwpfa,mufawmh
uG,fvGeftedpö a&mufzdkYeD;NyD/ 'DvdkPfacgif;[m aorif;yJ/ r[l&m

230
rif;odcF r[l&m
aorif;yJ.../ r[l&maorif;qdkwm wjcm;[mudk ajymwmr[kwfbl;/

vdkPfacgif;xJudk Munfvh dkuf&if arSmifrnf;eufaewmyJ/ tJ'gaMumifh
tJ'DvdkPfacgif;awG[m r[l&maorif;yJ}
[k ajymvdkufvQif armifzdk;omonf ajryHkudkMunfh&if; ...
]q&mBuD;a&.. bmb&m uGG,fvGeftedpö a&mufwmu taMumif;
r[kwfbl;/ uRefawmfwdkY q&mBuD; uG,fvGeftedpöra&mufzdkY ta&;BuD;
w,f}
[k ajymvdkufvQif £a`E´aumif;aom paearmifarmiff\ rsufESm
onfyifvQif armifzdk;om\ pum;aMumifh jyHK;a&mifoef;ívmav\/
]'guawmh 'Dvdk&Sdw,fuG../ ajcmufvHk;jyL; qHkvnfxJudk usnfqef
wpfawmifhxnfhNyD; qHkvnfudk vufeJY wtm;0SD;ceJ yGwfvdkufw,fuGm/
usnfqefu b,fae&m a&mufoGm;rSef; rodbl;/ NyD;awmh udk,fhem;xifudk
udk,fh ajymif;eJYawhNyD; armif; qGJjzKwfcsvdkufw,fuGm/ usnfqefu
ajymif;eJY wnfhae&ifawmh aoNyDayghuGm/ tJ'D aorif;eJY pdrfac:wJh
upm;enf;rsdK; upm;&ovdkyJa[h/ a[m'D r[l&maorif;vdkYac:wJh
rnf;arSmifaewJh OrifvdkPfacgif;wpfckxJrSm wdkYvdkcsifwJh &wemawG&Sdw,f/
&wem&SdwJh vdkPfacgif;xJudk wef;wef;rwfrwfa&mufoGm;&if taMumif;
r[kwfbl;/ &wemr&SdbJ tEÅ&m,f&SdwJh vdkPfacgif;xJudk a&mufoGm;&if
awmh wdkYtwGuf 'Db0awmh vdkPfacgif;xJr0ifcif aqGrsdK;awGqD
pm xnfhcsifxnfh xm;OD; armifzdk;oma&}
[k paearmifarmifuajymvdkufvQif ...
]pm rxnfhawmhygbl; q&mBuD;&,f/ udk,fhrdkufjypfeJY udk,fyJ}
[k jyefíajymavawmh\/

231
rif;odcF r[l&m
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]aeygOD; q&mBuD;/ uRefawmfwdkYu tJ'DawmxJ b,fawmh
0if&rSmvJ}
[k armifzdk;omu ar;vdkuf&m paearmifarmifu ...
]a&ToGm;eJYw½kwf jyefvmrS 0if&r,favuGm/ olYqDu owif;
tjynfhtpHk ,l&OD;r,f/ 0ifawmhvnf; 'Dvdk0ifvdkY r&bl;uG/ tqdyf
ajzaq;awG tjynfhtpHk ,loGm;&OD;r,f/ tJ'gvnf; rif;wdkYtwGuf yguGm/
iguawmh 'Dwpfouf tqdyfeJY raoygbl;/ a>ryJudkufudkuf? wufwlyJ
udkufudkuf? pm;wJh tpmxJyJ tqdyfxnfhxnfh ig raoEdkifygbl;/ igu
tqdyfNyD;w,fuG}
]q&mBuD;&,f.../ 'DwpfcgraobJ aumif;aumif;rGefrGef jyefa&muf
&if uRefawmfhudkvnf; tqdyfNyD;atmif vkyfay;xm;prf;yg/ tJ'g b,fvdk
vkyf&wmvJ/ usifh&rSmvm;}
]r[kwfbl;uG../ wdkYjrefrmjynfrSm a&pifawmf*dkPf;qdkwm&Sdw,fuG/
tJ'Du aq;uav;wpfpuf ESpfpufavmuf udk,frSm aygufxm;&if
tqdyfqdkwmcsdKeJYvm;vdkY ar;&avmufatmif tqdyfudkEdkifw,fuG}
]wpfpuf ESpfpuf r[kwfbl; q&mBuD;/ wpfudk,fvHk;udk
aygufxm;r,f}

232
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufavawmh\/
paearmifarmifonf armifzdk;om\pum;udk oabmusojzifh
tm;&yg;& &,fvdkufavawmhownf;/
][m;..[m;..[m;..[m;..[m;..[m;..}

233
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (20)
r[l&m aorif;vdkPf*l
txufygtjzpftysufrsm; jzpfyGm;NyD; ESpfywfcefYMumaomtcgü

paearmifarmifonf rD;zdkab;ü wifyv’ifacGí ur®Xmef;xdkifae\/
armifzdk;omonf ausmuf*l0rSxGufí ESif;usonfudk t&omcHí Munfh½I
aeav\/ wpfem&DcefY Mumaomtcgü paearmifarmifonf ur®Xmef;
rSxí a&aEG;Murf;tenf;i,faomufNyD;vQif r[m'l; ,lvmaom ajryHkudk
jyefíMunfhav\/ xdktcsdefü armifzdk;omu ...
]q&mBuD;a&.. a&ToGm;eJYw½kwfBuD; jyefvmNyD}
]rif; reufwkef;u t*F0dZÆmeJYwGufNyD; 'DaeY jyefvmr,fvdkY
a[mcsufxkwfxm;wm rSefaeNyDayghuGm}

234
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k jyefíajymvdkuf&m armifzdk;omu ...

]tJ'Dynm[m tawmf[kwfwmyJaemf q&mBuD;/ tkef;? oD;? vSnf;?
BuD;? wdkU? rsm;? pD;} qdkwJh pum;av; ckepfcGef;eYJ tawmfhudk ae&muswmyJ}
]rif;twGufawmh tJ'D pum;av; ckepfcGef;ayghuGm/ tJ'gudk pwif
&SmazGwJh yk*¾dKvfuawmh tawmfhudk ÓPfBuD;rSjzpfrSmuG}
[k jyefíajymav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]rSefwmaygh q&mBuD;a&../ cPaeOD;aemf/ udkbGefa[mif;u
ypönf;awG rEdkifreif;eJY/ uRefawmfoGm;o,fvdkufOD;r,f}
[k ajymqdkum ajy;xGufoGm;avawmh\/
rsm;rMumrDü bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf ausmuf*l
twGif; a&muf&SdvmNyD;vQif rD;zdkteD; pk½Hk;Muav\/ xdkYaemuf
bGefa[mif;u...
]q&mBuD; cdkif;vdkufwmawG tukefvHk; vkyfcJhNyD;NyD/ tJ'Dawmh
tvkyfpum; aemufrS ajymr,fq&mBuD;&,f/ pm;p&mav;awG t&ifpm;
Mu&atmif/ qwfom;&vdkY uRefawmf &Gmwpf&Gm0ifNyD; qwfom;udk
ESyfvmcJhw,f/ tJ'D qwfom;ESyf[if;&,f...? NyD;awmh rkefnif;&GufawG
aumif;aumif;&vdkY awmxJrSmaewkef; tajcmufvSef;xm;wm? rkefnif;
&Gufajcmuf[if;csdK&,f? armifzdk;omcsufxm;wJh xrif;&,f? aumif;aumif;
pm;NyD;rS pum;ajymMu&atmif/ xrif;pm;NyD;&if vufzuf&nfMurf;eJY
jrnf;zdkY rvdkifwHk;awGvnf; ygw,f q&mBuD;&JU}
[kajym&if; paearmifarmif\ a&SUrSajryHkudk vSrf;íMunfhum ...

235
rif;odcF r[l&m
]aMomf.. q&mBuD;u ajryHk &xm;NyDudk;/ r[kwfrSvGJa&m.. [dk

r[m'l;qdkwJhaumif qGJxm;wJh ajryHkjzpf&r,f/ uRefawmfvnf; ajryHkwpfcsyf
qGJvmcJhw,f}
[kqdkum ydwfpwpfckudk jzefYcsjyav\/ armifzdk;omonf
ajryHkESpfckudk ,SOfíMunfNh yD;vQif ...
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ryl&ygbl;}

236
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237
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ygOD; udkbGefa[mif;&,f}
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238
rif;odcF r[l&m
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239
rif;odcF r[l&m
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240
rif;odcF r[l&m
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[k rcHcsifatmif jyefíajymav\/

241
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tol&um,fbHkudkoGm;}

242
rif;odcF r[l&m
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243
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244
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t"dyÜm,frSm ...

245
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]b,f[kwfrvJ udkbGefa[mif;&,f/ cifAsm;&JU apwemudk em;vnf
ygw,f/ cifAsm;&JU apwemu 0uf0H vdkufw,fAsm../ xrif;vnf;
iwfw,ffAsm/ ,ifrrJ½dkif;awGvnf; vdkufw,fAsm/ tJ'g..cifAsm; ay;vkduf
wJh apwemayghAsm/ nnvnf; awmxJrSm tdyf&w,f/ usKyftaeeJY
odyfaMumufw,fAs/ 'gayrJh.. tckawmh usKyf tdyf0HhoGm;ygNyD/ aMumufwJh
pdwfvnf; odyfr&Sdawmhygbl;/ 0uf0HeJYawGY&if b,fvdkajy;&rvJ qdkwm
vnf; usKyf aumif;aumif; em;vnfoGm;ygNyD/ 'gawmif (7) &ufyJ
&Sdao;w,f/ (7) vrsm;qdk&if usKyf wmZHvdk jzpfoGm;rSm}

246
rif;odcF r[l&m
[k ajymvdkufav\/ ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf Z&yfay:wGif aysmfyGJpm;

xGufbdouJYodkY at;csrf;pGm wnf;cdkaeMuav\/ (7) &ufcefY Mumaom
tcgü jyif;xefaom aygufuGJoHBuD;wpfckudk Mum;&av\/ xdktoH
Mum;vQif bGefa[mif;onf rsufvHk;jyL;oGm;av\/ armifzdk;omvnf;
xíckefav\/ paearmifarmifonf tm;&yg;& ajzmufceJ vufajzmuf
wD;vdkufav\/
]uJ..armifzdk;om/ r[l&maorif;qdkwm wdkYtwGuf r[kwfawmh
bl;/ bmb&mwdkYtwGuf jzpfoGm;NyD/ tJ'DaygufuGJoH[m r[l&maorif;
ajcmufckteuf wpfck&JU aygufuGJoHyJ/ bmb&mwdkY wpfjyHKvHk; ygoGm;
Edkifw,f}
]'DvdkajymvdkY rjzpfao;bl; q&mBuD;&JU/ *lajcmuf*l[m tEÅ&m,f
qdkawmh tEÅ&m,fwpfckyJ uRefawmfwdkY od&ao;w,f/ usefwJh ig;ckudk
rod&ao;bl;av/ uRefawmfwdkYvnf; rSm;NyD; 0ifEdkifwmaygh}
]rif;udk igajymjyr,f bGefa[mif;/ bmb&m[m odyfvnfwJh
rdef;ruG/ tck aygufuGJoHMum;wJh r[l&maorif;ausmuf*lxJudk ol
udk,fwdkif 0ifrSmr[kwfbl;/ olYwynfhawG 0ifcdkif;rSm/ olu usefae
vdrfhr,f/ aemufvdkPf*lwpfckudkawmh oludk,fwdkif 0ifcsif0ifvdrfhr,f/ tJ'D
wpfck[m r[l&maorif;vdkPf*lqdk&ifawmh wdkYtwGuf vG,foGm;NyD/ wdkY[m
r[l&maorif;vdkPf*lxJ 0ifp&m taMumif;r&Sdawmhbl;/ &wemvdkPf*lxJudk
pD;u&ufaomufNyD; at;at;aq;aq; 0ifoGm;zdkYyJ}
[k ajymvdkufav\/

247
rif;odcF r[l&m
]aemufwpfckxyfNyD; uGJw,fyJ xm;ygOD; q&mBuD;&,f/ r[l&m

aorif;vdkPf*lu av;ck usefao;wmyJ/ uRefawmfwdkYtaeeJY oGm;NyD;
r0ifrdEdkifbl;vm;}
[k ar;vdkuf&m paearmifarmifonf acgif;udk jznf;nif;pGm
cgvdkufNyD; ...
]wjcm;vlqdk&ifawmh rSm;NyD; 0ifcsif 0ifrdrSmayghuGm/ ightaeeJYawmh
rSm;NyD; 0ifp&mr&Sdygbl;/ igpOf;pm;vdkY &ygNyD/ wpfckyJ&Sdw,f/ avmb
rBuD;zdkYyJ vdkw,f/ aemufxyf *lwpfvHk;qDu aygufuGJoH Mum;&&ifawmh
igeJY bGefa[mif;u vufckyfwD;r,f/ armifzdk;omu xNyD; uayawmh}
[kajymvdkufcsdefü ]bHk;} ceJ aygufuGJoHBuD; wpfckonf xyfrH
jrnf[nf;oGm;avawmh\/ xdktcgü paearmifarmifESifh bGefa[mif;
wdkYonf vufckyfwD;Muav\/ bGefa[mif;url vufckyfwD;½Hkom rubJ
oDcsif;yg qdkay;av\/ armifzdk;omonf auG;aeatmif u avawmh\/
xdktcsdefürSmyif opfckwform; ukvm;rsm; a&mufvmNyD;vQif
¤if;wdkYu vufckyf0dkif;í wD;av\/ armifzdk;omvnf; qufí u av\/
xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifonf ukvm;rsm;tm; aygufuGJoH Mum;&aMumif;?
rnfonfht&yfa'owGif aygufuGJonfudk odvdkaMumif; ar;jref;vQif
opfckwform;ukvm;rsm;u ¤if;wdkYvnf; Mum;&aMumif;? odkY&mwGif
aygufuGJonfudk rodaMumif; ajymqdkav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu
¤if;\ tdwftwGif;rS a&T'*Fg;wpfjym;udkxkwfí...
]aygufuGJwJhae&mudk oGm;NyD; pHkprf;Mu/ NyD;awmh 'DudkvmNyD;
t&ifqHk;ajymEdkifwJhvludk a[m'D a&T'*Fg;ay;r,f]
[k ajymvdkuf&m opfckwform;ukvm;rsm;onf awmysufvkrwuf
pum;rsm; azmifavmufatmifajymí olYxufig OD;atmif xGufoGm;Mu
avawmhownf;/

248
rif;odcF r[l&m
tcef; (21)
aorif;EdkifiHrStjyef
naeydkif;odkYa&mufaomtcgü opfckwform; ukvm;ESpfOD;onf

tarmwaum a&muf&Sdvmav\/ xdktcg paearmifarmifu xdkukvm;
ESpfOD;tm; ...
]rif;wdkYu ESpfa,mufpvHk; jydKifwla&mufvmwmqdkawmh '*Fg;
wpfjym;udk wpf0ufpD ydkif;NyD; ay;&rSmyJ}
[kqdkum paearmifarmifonf a&T'*Fg;jym;tm; "m;jzifhydkif;í
wpfa,muf wpfjcrf;pD ay;vdkufav\/ xdkYaemuf ydwfajryHkwpfcsyfudk
jzefYjyí aygufuGJrI jzpfoGm;aom vQdKae&mudk jycdkif;av\/ ukvm;
ESpfa,mufonf tvkt,uf axmufjyMuav\/ xdkYaemuf ukvm;rsm;

249
rif;odcF r[l&m
aoqHk;aeyHkudkvnf; paearmifarmiftm; vuf[efajc[efESifhwuG &Sif;jy

av\/ paearmifarmifonf ukvm;rsm;ajymjyonfudk taotcsm
em;axmifNyD;aemuf rdef;rwpfa,muf yg rygudk ar;av\/ ukvm;rsm;
uvnf; aoqHk;olrsm;rSm a,mufsm;rsm;omjzpfNyD; rdef;r wpfOD;wavrQ
rygaMumif; ajymjyav\/ paearmifarmifonf ukvm;rsm;tm;
oGm;EdkifNyDjzpfaMumif; ajymjyvdkufav\/ ukvm;rsm;onf aemufxyf
cdkif;ygOD;[k ajymav\/ paearmifarmifu rcdkif;vdkaMumif;? cdkif;&ef
tvkyfr&SdaMumif;ajymí armif;xkwfvdkufav\/ ukvm;rsm; xGufoGm;
aomtcgí paearmifarmifonf ajryHkudkjzefYí uodkPf;½IouJhodkY ½Ií
aeav\/ bGefa[mif;u naepmpm;&ef xrif;aygif;wpfyGJ vmí
csay;aom tcsdefrSyif ajryHkudkvdyfí odrf;vdkufav\/ nydkif;odkY a&muf
aomtcgrSyif paearmifarmifonf bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omtm; ...
]ae&ma&TUrS jzpfr,f/ wu,fvdkY &efol&Sdae&if &efol[m 'DaeYn
uREfkyfwdkYudk vkyfMuHEdkifw,f}
]&efol.. [kwfvm;/ b,fu &efolvJ q&mBuD;&JU}
[k ar;vdkufav&m bGefa[mif;u ...
]b,fu &efolvJqdkawmh armifzdk;omudk ajymjy&OD;r,f/ pae
armifarmifqdkwJh vlBuD;rSm &efolrsdK; ig;yg;vHk; tjynfhtpHk&Sdw,fuG/
tJ'D&efol wu,fvdkY a&mufvm&if olYwpfa,mufwnf;udk &efrlrSm
r[kwfbl;/ wdkYESpfa,mufudkyg &efrlrSm/ tJ'Dawmh &Snf&Snfa0;a0; ar;rae
eJY/ a&TUqdk&if a&TUvdkufwm taumif;qHk;yJ}
[k ajymvdkufav\/

250
rif;odcF r[l&m
]rodvdkY ar;wmyJ udkbGefa[mif;&,f..../ cifAsm;u aumif;aumif;

rGefrGef &Sif;jyprf;yg}
[k rauseyfoHBuD;jzifh ajymvdkufav\/ xdktcg bGefa[mif;u ...
]wdkYoHk;a,muftwl Z&yfay:rSm &SdaewmyJuG/ tck olu &efol
½kwfw&uf a&mufvmEdkifw,fvdkY ajymwmyJ/ igvnf; b,fodrvJuG/
tJ'Dawmh ypönf;awG odrf;prf;yg armifzdk;om&,f/ ar;raeprf;ygeJY}
[k ajymvdkufjyef\/ xdkYaMumifh armifzdk;omvnf; ypönf;rsm;udk
odrf;&\/ wpfcPrQMumvQif ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf va&mifatmufü wa&GU
a&GU xGufoGm;Muavawmh\/ c&D;twefaygufaomtcgü bGefa[mif;u
armifzdk;omtm;...
]armifzdk;oma&... vBuD;uvnf; omvdkufwmuGm/ vGrf;p&mBuD;}
]cifAsm;u vGrf;ae/ usKyfu aMumufvdkY aZmacR;awGawmif
jyefaewm}
]bmudk aMumufaewmvJuG}
[k ar;vdkufav\/ xdktcg armifzdk;omu ...
]bmudk aMumuf&rvJAs../ cifAsm;ajymwJh &efoludkaygh}
[k jyefíajymvdkufvQif bGefa[mif;onf armifzdk;om\pum;udk
oabmusí wcpfcpf&,farm&if; ...
]&efolvdkY Mum;wmeJYyJ 'Davmufawmif aMumufae&ovm;
ighvl&m}
[k ajymum &,fjyefav\/

251
rif;odcF r[l&m
armifzdk;omonf bGefa[mif;\ pum;tm; qufírajzcsifojzifh

a&SUrS cyfokwfokwf oGm;av\/ bGefa[mif;url tv,fu vdkuf\/
paearmifarmifonf ¤if;wdkYESpfa,muf\ aemufrS jznf;jznf;rSefrSef
avQmufvmavawmh\/ eHeufrdk;vif;aomtcgü ,refaeYu aygufuGJ
oGm;aom vQdKBuD;udk awGY&av\/ paearmifarmifonf xdkvQdKBuD;ESifh
ajryHkudk wdkufMunfh\/ xdkodkY wdkufMunfhNyD;vQif paearmifarmifu ...
]bGefa[mif;a&... a[m'DvQdKBuD;u wdkY&xm;wJh ajryHkt&qdk&if ]'D}
trSwftom; jyxm;wJh vQdKBuD;yJ/ raeYu aemufwpfck uGJao;w,f
r[kwfvm;/ tJ'DvQdKudk oGm;r,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
xdkYaemuf paearmifarmifwdkYonf aygufuGJoGm;aom tjcm;
vQdKwpfckudk xyfí &Smjyefav\/ xdkodkY&SmazG&m vQdKwpfckudk awGYjyef
av\/ paearmifarmifonf ajryHkESifh wdkuMf unfjh yefav\/ NyD;vQif ...
]bGefa[mif;a&... a[m'DvQdKuvnf; aygufuGJoGm;wJh vQdKyJuG/
ajryHkt&qdk&if ]tm&f} trSwftom; jyxm;wJh vQdKyJ/ igwdkY[m
ajryHkrSmMunfNh yD; ]at} &,f? ]t(ef) &,f? ]*sD} &,f? ]tD;} &,f jyxm;wJh
vQdKawGudk a&Smif&r,f/ tJ'DvQdKawG[m aygufuGJEdkifwJh vQdKawGyJ/ tJ'D
trSwftom;vGwfwJh vQdK[m &wemodkuf&SdwJh vQdKyJ/ wdkYtwGuf bmrS
rcufawmhbl;}
]q&mBuD; ajymwJhtwdkif;qdk&if pmvHk; av;vHk; usefao;wmaygh/
at? t(ef)? *sD? tD; qdkwJh vQdKawGaygh/ tJ'gawGu bmjzpfvdkYvJ q&mBuD;}
[k ar;vdkufvQif paearmifarmifu ...

252
rif;odcF r[l&m
]'def;*sm;} avuGm/ 'def;*sm; qdkwJh pmvHk;ajcmufvHk;[m ]'D? at?

t(ef)? *sD? tD;? tm&f} r[kwfvm;/ tckuGJoGm;wmu a&SUqHk;u pmvHk; ]'D}
eJY aemufqHk;u pmvHk; ]tm&f} qdkwJh vQdKawGu uGJoGm;wmyJ/ Mum;xJu
pmvHk; av;vHk;udk a&Smif½HkyJaygh/ b,fvQdKudkyJ 0if0if 'DajcmufvHk;udk
r0ifrdzdkU ta&;BuD;w,f}
xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYonf teD;qHk; &Gmwpf&Gmü &du©mrsm; pkaqmif;
NyD;vQif usefaom vQdKrsm;udk &SmMuav\/ vQdKwpfckawGYvQif ajryHkESifh
xkwfí wdkufMunfh\/ xdkodkY wdkufMunfhNyD;vQif at? t(ef)? *sD? tD;
qdkaom vQdKrsm;udkawGYvQif ]r0if&} [laompmrsm;udk t*Fvdyfbmom
rsm;ESifha&;um qdkif;bkwfrsm; csdwfqGJNyD;vQif c&D;qufcJhMuav\/
wpfvcefY þodkY awmxJwGif tyifyef;cHí &SmazGcJh&m ]r[l&maorif;} [k
trnfay;xm;aom vQdKBuD;ajcmufckudk awGY&SdcJhMuNyD jzpf\/ xdkYtwl
rodem;rvnfolrsm; r0if&efvnf; pmrsm; csdwfqGJxm;cJhMuNyD; jzpf\/
ukvm;pmudk teD;tyg;&Sd&Gmrsm;rS ukvm;rsm;udk a&T'*Fg;ay;í a&;cdkif;\/
t*Fvdyfpmudkrl paearmifarmifudk,fwdkif a&;\/ þodkYvQif wyifwyef;
tvkyfvkyfcJhMuNyD;aemuf c&D;xGufcJhMuav\/ xdkprf;acsmif;uav; teD;
wGif ¤if;wdkY oHk;OD;onf pcef;csí qefjzifhjyKvkyfxm;aom rkefYudk
pm;aomufMuav\/ xdktcsdefü rnfonfh t&yfu rnfodkYrnfyHk
a&muf&Sdvmonfrodaom qm'l;ac: ukvm;BuD;wpfyg; a&muf&Sdvmav
\/ paearmifarmifonf ¤if;twGufa0pk&aom qefrkefYuav;udkrpm;yJ
xdkqm'l;tm; avmif;vSLvdkufav\/ xdkqm'l;onf paearmifarmiftm;
ajcqHk;acgif;qHk; MunfhNyD;aemuf ukvm;bmompum;jzifhyif atmufyg
t"dyÜm,f&aom pum;udk qdkavawmh\/
]aumif;rIawGa&m? raumif;rIawGa&m a&mjyGrf;aewJh vlwpfa,muf
yJ/ oif[m oifeJYrqdkifwJh &wemypönf;awGudk vdkuf&SmaewJh

253
rif;odcF r[l&m
vlwpfa,mufyJ/ udk,fhypönf; r[kwfwmawG[m udk,fhqDudk a&mufvm

&ifvnf; udk,fhqDrSm raeygbl;/ udk,fhqDuae ae&ma&GUoGm;rSmyg/ oifhvdk
ÓPfaumif;wJhvl[m tJ'Davmufawmh pOf;pm;rdygw,f}
]rkqdk;u om;aumifawG &Smwm[m om;aumif;awGu olYypönf;rS
r[kwfbJ/ 'gayrJh rkqdk;jzpfaeawmhvnf; om;aumifawG &Sm&wmayghav}
[kjyefí ukvm;bmomjzifhyif acsyvdkuf&m qm'l;BuD;u ...
]oifajymwm rSefygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Drkqdk;udk toufxdcdkufatmif
om;aumifu &efr&Smao;oa&GUawmh ol[m rkqdk;ygyJ/ om;aumifu
olYudk &ef&SmvdkufNyDqdk&ifawmh ol[m rkqdk; r[kwfawmhygbl;/ om;aumif
jyefjzpfoGm;NyD}
[k jyefíajymvdkufvQif paearmifarmifu ...
]'DavmuBuD;rSm om;aumifudkaMumufwJh rkqdk;&,fvdkY r&Sdygbl;/
om;aumifu &efrlrSmpdk;vdkY awmrvdkufwJh rkqdk;&,fvdkYvnf; b,f&Sdygh
rvJ}
]aumif;NyD;av/ oifhvdk pum;wwfwJhvleJY jiif;ckefae&wm
usKyftwGufa&m? oifhtwGufyg tusdK;&SdrSm r[kwfygbl;/ qufNyD;
c&D;oGm;&ifawmifrS usKyftwGuf c&D;wGif ygvdrfhOD;r,f/ oifvnf;
qufNyD; tyef;ajz&ifawmifrS aumif;aumif; tyef;ajz&ygOD;r,f/ pum;
rsm;rsm;ajymwm pmuav;awG&JU tvkyfjzpfw,f/ vlawGtvkyf r[kwf
ygbl;/ oif vSL'gef;vdkufwJh qefrkefYuav;udk usKyf pm;rSmyg/ NyD;&if
oifhtwGufvnf; uREkfyf qkawmif;ay;rSmyg}
[k ajymvdkufNyD;vQif ...

254
rif;odcF r[l&m
qm'l;BuD;onf prf;acsmif;udkjzwfí xGufoGm;avawmh\/

xdkYaemuf ¤if;wdkYoHk;OD;onf xdkprf;acsmif;teD;wGifyif pcef;csaeMuNyD;vQif
xdkae&mrSaeí &wem&SdaomvQdKudk &SmMuav\/ rawGYvQif xdkae&modkYyif
jyefívmMuav\/
þodkYvQifBudK;pm;cJh&m vqef;yu©wpfckudk ukefvGefcJhBuNyD;aemuf
ausmufwHk;rsm;jzifh wefqmqifxm;bdouJYodkY&Sdaom vGefpGmvSyonfh
vQdKBuD;wpfvQdK&Sd&modkY a&muf&SdoGm;Muavawmh\/ vQdKBuD;\ ywfywf
vnfü vGefpGmvSyaom awmyef;rsm; aygufae\/ xdkvQdKBuD; twGif;ü
um; aeajymufrQrxdk;bJ rnf;arSmifae\/ prf;acsmif;wpfckonf xdk
vQdKtv,frjS zwfí pD;qif;ae\/ vQdKt0wGif ql;csKHrsm;ydwfae\/
paearmifarmifwdkYoHk;OD;onf ydwfaeaomql;csKHrsm;udk "m;rsm;jzifh ckwfxGif
&Sif;vif;um prf;acsmif;twdkif; vdkufoGm;Muav\/ twGif;üum; vGefpGm
at;pdrfhvSay\/ tqdyfjyif;aom a>rrsm;vnf; taxG;vdkuf taxG;vdkuf
&Sdae\/ paearmifarmifwdkYonf wkwf&Snfrsm;udk toHk;jyKum a>rrsm;\
&efudk z,f&Sm;ae&\/ twGif;bufwGif&Sdaom obm0 ausmufeH&HwGif
aq;jzifhjc,fxm;aom rdef;r½kyBf uD; wpf½kyfudk awGY&\/ xdkrdef;ryHkBuD;rSm
wpfudk,fvHk; rnf;eufí vQmBuD;xGufaeaomyHk jzpf\/ vQmBuD;rSm
&J&JeDae\/ xdkrdef;ryHkBuD;\ &ifbwfay:wGif a&S;usaom [dE´Lvufa&;
rsdK;jzifh a&;xm;aom pmwef;wpfckudk awGY&av\/ xdkpmwef;\
t"dyÜm,frSm ]r[l&muJYodkY rnf;eufaomaorif;} [k t"dyÜm,f&\/
xdkrdef;ryHkBuD;\ csufae&mwGif oHuGif;BuD;wpfckudk awGY&\/ xdk
oHuGif;BuD;tm; paearmifarmifonf aygufqdefjzifhaygufí qGJxkwf
vdkuf&m r[l&maorif;\ 0rf;ydkufae&mwpfckvHk; yGifhxGufoGm; NyD;vQif
txJrS ajrmufjrm;vSpGmaom pdef? a&T? ausmufoHywåjrm;rsm; tefí
xGufusvmavawmh\/ bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omonf ckefí ae\/
paearmifarmifonf pD;u&ufudkxkwfí pGyfwHwGif pGyfNyD;vQif xdk
&wemrsm;tm; rD;xGef;í Munfhaeav\/ xdkodkY MunfNh yD;aemuf ...

255
rif;odcF r[l&m
]uJ... ckefraeMueJYOD;/ 'gawGudk o,fxkwfzdkY vkyf&OD;r,f/

tyifyef;cH&usdK;eyfNyD}
]o,fzdkYu rcufygbl; q&mBuD;&,f/ uRefawmfwdkY wm0efxm;yg}
]bmyJjzpfjzpf igwdkY a[m'DvQdKxJrSm 'Dwpfnawmh atmif;ae&r,f/
igwdkY xGufoGm;wmudk wpfa,mufa,mufu jrifwmeJY owif;
aygufoGm;vdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dypönf;awGudk xkyfydk;NyD; wpfnvHk; 'DxJrSm
atmif;ae&r,f/ reuf t½kPfwufavmufusrS vl&dyfvlajc tuJcwfNyD;
tjyifxGuf&rSmyJ}
[k paearmifarmifu jyefí ajymvdkufav\/
bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYonf &wemrsm;udk t0wfrsm;jzifh
xkyfydk;Muav\/ paearmifarmifonf rsufpdudk rSdwfí wpfpHkwpf&mudk
pOf;pm;aeav\/ xdkYaemuf tjyifbufodkY vSrf;arQmfMunfh½Ivdkuf&m
xdefxdefomaeaom vrif;BuD;\ta&mifudk awGY&av\/ NyD;vQif pae
armifarmifu bGefa[mif;ESifh armifzdk;omwdkYtm;...
]pum;rajymMueJY/ &efol[m tcsdefra&G; a&mufvmEdkifw,f}
[k ajymvdkufav\/
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odrf;qnf;aeav\/ xdkodkY xkyfydk;odrf;qnf;ae&if;rS ...

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wGif;odkY wpfxkyf ypfcsvdkufav\/ bmb&monf pum;ajymjyefav\/

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262
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