Tutorial 1 – Moles and Stoichiometry

 Mole Concept

1. A volume of 2.00 dm3 of gas measured at s.t.p. has a mass of 5.71 g. Calculate the
approximate molar mass.
[Ans: 64.0 g mol-1]

2. In a sample of 0.500 moles of KAl(SO4)2.12H2O, calculate

a. the no. of units of KAl(SO4)2.12H2O
b. the no. of molecules of water of crystallisation
c. the no. of potassium ions
d. the mass of KAl(SO4)2.12H2O in grams
[Ans: (a) 3.01 x 1023, (b) 3.61 x 1024, (c) 3.01 x 1023, (d) 237 g]

 Mole Concept Applied to Solutions

3. What mass of HCl must be added to 100 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 of HCl to increase the
concentration to 1.0 mol dm-3?
[Ans: 1.83 g]

4. 6.0 g of CH3COOH is dissolved in water and made up to 25 cm3. This solution was
then carefully diluted to 500 cm3. A 20.0 cm3 aliquot is then taken by a pipette.
a. How many moles of CH3COOH were there in:
i. the initial 25 cm3 of solution?
ii. the 500 cm3 of the diluted solution?
iii. the 20.0 cm3 aliquot in the pipette?
b. Calculate the concentration of the initial and the final dilute solution.
[Ans: (a) i. 0.100 mol, ii. 0.100 mol, iii. 4.00 x 10-3 mol
(b) initial – 4.00 mol dm-3, final - 0.200 mol dm-3]

 Stoichiometry

5. Titanium (IV) oxide, TiO2, is heated in hydrogen has to give water and a new
titanium oxide. TixOy. If 1.598 g of TiO2 produced 1.438 g of TixOy, what is the
empirical formula of the new oxide?
[Ans: Ti2O3]

6. A sample of hydrated magnesium sulfate, MgSO4.nH2O of mass 7.58 g was heated

strongly until a constant mass of 4.00 g was obtained. Find the value of n in
MgSO4.nH2O
 [Ans: 6]

7. 3.40 g of ethyl ethanoate (CH3COOC2H5) is obtained from 230 g of ethanol

(C2H5OH) by esterification with 510 g of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) in the presence
of concentrated sulfuric acid. What is the percentage yield of this reaction?
[Ans: 0.773%]

 Empirical and Molecular Formulae and Combustion of Gases

8. A compound has the following percentage composition: C = 40.0%, H = 6.67%, O =

53.3%. Its relative molecular mass is 60.0. Derive its molecular formula.
[Ans: C2H4O2]

9. On complete combustion, 0.00754 mol of a hydrocarbon E gave 2.654 g of CO2 and

0.543 g of H2O.
(a) Calculate the mass of carbon present in 1 mol of E.
(b) Calculate the mass of hydrogen present in 1 mol of E.
(c) Determine the molecular formula of E.
(d) Construct an equation for the complete combustion of E.
[Ans: (a) – 96.0 g; (b) – 8.00 g; (c) - C8H8]

10 10 cm3 of a gaseous hydrocarbon, CxHy, was exploded with an excess of oxygen.

. There was a contraction of 35 cm3. When the product was treated with aqueous
sodium hydroxide, there was a further contraction of 40 cm3. What is the molecular
formula of the hydrocarbon? (All volumes were measured at room temperature and
pressure.)
[Ans: C4H10]

passing
10 cm3 35 cm3
combustion through
CxHy contraction
NaOH
40 cm3
 TitrationV cm3 gas
oxygen
11 A 1.00 g of limestone is allowed to react with 100 cm 3 of 0.10 mol dm-3 hydrochloric
. acid. The excess acid required 6.20 cm3 of 0.100 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide for
neutralisation. Calculate the percentage of calcium carbonate in the limestone.
[Ans: 46.9%]

12 200 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm-3 HCl solution was accidentally contaminated with a small
. amount of solid sodium carbonate. 25.0 cm 3 of the contaminated solution required
20.50 cm3 of 0.500 mol dm-3 potassium hydroxide solution for neutralisation.
Calculate the mass of anhydrous sodium carbonate added to the original solution.
 [Ans: 0.954 g]

13 1.60 g of a metallic oxide of type MO was dissolved in 100 cm 3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
. hydrochloric acid, the resulting liquid was made up to 500 cm 3 with distilled water.
25.0 cm3 of the solution then required 21.02 cm3 of 0.102 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide
for neutralisation. Calculate the mass of the oxide reacting with 1 mole of
hydrochloric acid and hence the molar mass of the oxide and the identity of the
metal, M.
[Ans: Ca]
14 5.00 g of ammonium chloride contaminated with sodium chloride were boiled with
. 100.0 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3 NaOH solution until no ammonia was evolved. The residual
solution was made up to 250 cm3 with water and 25.0 cm3 of this required 22.40 cm3
of 0.5 mol dm-3 HCl for neutralisation. What was the mass of sodium chloride in the
ammonium chloride sample?
[Ans: 0.292 g]
 ASSIGNMENT:
Modified from YJC 2012/P1/3
1 Hydrocarbon A is suspected to have one of the following structures:
CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH2=CHCH2CH3
CH2=C=CHCH3 CH2=C=C=CH2

10 cm3 of hydrocarbon A was combusted in excess oxygen. At the end of the reaction,
there was a contraction in volume by 25 cm3. When the gaseous mixture was passed
through aqueous calcium hydroxide, there was a further contraction in volume by
40 cm3. All volume measurements were done at room temperature and pressure.
Identify the hydrocarbon A.

passing
10 cm3 25 cm3
combustion through
CxHy contraction
Ca(OH)2
40 cm3
V cm3 gas
oxygen

2011 RVHS/P3/4(b)
2 Chlorine can also be used to synthesise a bromine-containing oxoanion that is
mainly used in continuous or batch dyeing processes.
When chlorine is passed through an aqueous solution containing potassium
hydroxide and potassium bromide, the bromide ions are oxidised to the bromine-
containing oxoanion. Careful addition of aqueous lead nitrate to the resulting
solution precipitates 4.17 g of PbCl2. When this precipitate is filtered off and the
resulting filtrate is evaporated, 0.835 g of a white crystalline solid is obtained.
The white solid has the following composition by mass:
K, 23.4 %; Br, 47.8 %; O, 28.8 %

(i) Determine the formula of the white crystalline solid.

(ii) Calculate molar ratio of white crystalline solid to lead chloride formed.

(iii) Hence, construct a balanced equation for the reaction between chlorine,
potassium bromide and potassium hydroxide. [5]

3 Group I and Group II ionic hydrides react with water.

H- + H2O  OH- + H2
In an experiment, 2 g of a sample of ionic hydride is dissolved in excess H 2O. A student
carelessly added 30.0 cm3 of a 2.0 mol dm-3 HCl solution to the resulting solution.
The residual solution was made up to 250 cm 3 with water and 25.0 cm3 of this required
20.00 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 NaOH for neutralisation.

Suggest a possible formula of the hydride.