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. circuit designing.
Equipment Required :
Equipment Rating Quantity
IC 7812 - 1
IC 7912 - 1
Diode - 4
Capacitor 470µF 4
Ceramic capacitor 104k 2
Centre tapped transformer 220/12V 1
Theory:
The aim of this project is to convert 220V AC supply in to +12V and -12v DC supply, that is why
it is named Dual Power Supply as we get positive and negative 12v power supply at the same
time.
This can be achieved in simple three steps:
The primary terminals of the centre tapped transformer is connected with household
supply (220V ac, 50Hz) and output is taken from secondary terminals of the
transformer. The centre tapped describes the voltage output of a center tapped
transformer. For example: A 24V centre tapped transformer will measure 24V ac across
the outer two taps (winding as a whole), and 12V ac from each outer tap to the center-
tap (half winding). These two 12V ac supplies are 180 degrees out of phase with each
other, thus making it easy to derive positive and negative 12 volt dc power supplies from
them. The advantage of using a centre tapped transformer is we can get the both +12V
and -12V dc supply using only one transformer.
INPUT: 220V ac, 50 Hz
OUTPUT: Between outer terminal and middle terminal: 12V ac, 50 Hz
Between two outer terminals: 24V ac. 50 Hz
Step – II: Converting 12v AC into 12v DC using Full Bridge Rectifier
The output of the transformer is given as an input to the rectifier circuit. Rectifier is an
electronic circuit consisting of diodes which carries out the rectification process.
Rectification is the process of converting an alternating voltage or current into
corresponding direct (DC) quantity. The input to a rectifier is ac whereas its output is
unidirectional pulsating DC. Usually a full wave rectifier or a bridge rectifier is used to
rectify both the half cycles of the ac supply (full wave rectification). Number of diodes are 4
and input voltage (24V ac) and output voltage is also 24V dc with ripples in it.
VDC = 2VM / π
Where, Vm = Peak value of ac supply voltage
INPUT: 12V ac
OUTPUT: 24V peak (with ripples)
Observation:
Observation Table: (for +12 - 0 Volt)
SR Auto Auto Transformer Stepdown Unregulated DC Regulated
. Transformer Output(Volt) Transformer Output(Volt) DC Output(Volt)
No. Input(Volt) Output(Volt)
1. 236.00 260.60 15.15 13.44 12.10
2. 236.00 242.70 12.28 13.07 12.04
3. 236.00 230.00 11.94 12.87 11.91
4. 236.00 220.80 11.68 12.73 11.82
5. 236.00 200.50 11.02 12.43 11.56
6. 236.00 180.30 10.26 12.11 11.36
7. 236.00 140.10 8.02 9.36 8.64
8. 236.00 80.60 4.61 4.93 4.28