Lecture 15

Prepared by

Rocksana Akter
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
DUET, Gazipur
 Parking Study
Introduction
•Parking studies mainly for car
•Usually conducted for urban areas with demand for parking
•Parking is essential for business and commercial activities
•It should be an integral part of roadway system and provision of
off-street parking spaces should be considered at the urban
planning stage
• It is roughly estimated that out of 8760 hours in a year, the car
runs on an average for only 400 hours (4.5%) leaving 8360 hours
when it is parked.
•Parking control has potential to improve roadway capacity and
safety
 Objectives of Parking Studies

• To obtain information regarding supply and demand of parking

spaces
•To develop systematic on-street parking facilities/regulations
• To improve existing on street facilities
• To develop new off-street parking facilities
 Parking Studies Include
1) Supply Surveys- To know parking supply/space available in the
area under consideration by conducting
•Space Inventories- listing all the existing parking facilities and
open spaces available for adopting as parking place as well as
listing areas where parking should be prohibited (i.e. Bus stops,
clear-ways, drive-ways/entrances etc)
2) Demand Surveys- To know parking demand including even who
are searching for spaces by conducting
•Field Observation- recording location, type of vehicle, number of
parking vehicles, duration of parking etc.
•Interview- Questionnaire survey
 Parking should be prohibited at:
• Intersections
• Narrow streets
• Driveways
• Pedestrian crossing
• Curvature and grade conditions
• Road bridges and tunnel
• Heavy pedestrian concentration areas
•Priority location-bus stops, fire hydrants etc
 Some of the terms used in the parking survey as follows:

1) Parking accumulation: It indicates the number of vehicles which

are parked in a specified area at a given instant. During peak hours,
the parking accumulation is from 70 percent to 90 percent of the
traffic accumulated.
2) Parking Duration: The length of time for which a vehicle remains
in the parked position is known as the parking duration.
3) Parking load: The total sum of vehicle hours of parking is the
parking load and its magnitude and distribution throughout the
day will serve as a measure of overall usage of the parking space
which is provided
 Some of the terms used in the parking survey as follows:

4) Parking turnover: The ratio of the number of vehicles parked

during a period to the total parking capacity is known as parking
turnover. If the parking turnover is high, it indicates well
utilization of parking space.

5) Parking volume: The actual number of different vehicles which

park is termed as the parking volume.
The parking facilities can be grouped in the following two categories:
1) Kerb or on-street parking 2) Off-street parking
Problems associated with uncontrolled on-street parking:
•Reduce roadway capacity
•Causes congestion
•Causes serious economic losses to the community
•Encourage road side non motor activities (increase side frictions)
•Unmarked/uncontrolled parking leads less efficient use of road
side spaces
•Loss of revenue
•Makes roadway operation unsafe and haphazard
The parking facilities can be grouped in the following two categories:
1) Kerb or on-street parking 2) Off-street parking
on-street parking: off-street parking:
•Vehicles parked along the •When parking places are
curb provided away from the road curb
•Usually for short stay •Usually for long stay
•Very convenient for the •Requires walking of quite a large
people (less walking) distance to reach the destination
• Preferably parallel method •Types (back street, surface car
of parking parks, multi-storied car parks,
•May be of charged or free basement car parks)
 Common causes of parking related accidents:

•Searching parking space and stopping suddenly

•Moving out from stopped position and merging with main
stream traffic
•Due to reversing from parallel park ( hitting children at the rear
end)
•Careless opening of the doors of parked vehicles
•Pedestrian crossings near the parked vehicles, etc. (obstruct
sight distance)

Methods of Parking : Home work

END