Lecture: 16

Monopole and Magnetic Dipole

Antenna

Dr. Avinash Chandra

School of Electronics Science Engineering

Microwave and Photonics Division
VIT University, Vellore, India
Quarter Wave Monopole
 Assume a quarter-wave length l   of a current carrying
4
wire over an infinite conducting ground plane
z
 The current inside the wire is P
I  I 0 cosz
r
l  
2 4 I
y

 By method of images, a wire above I Infinite conducting

infinite ground has a ground plane
mirror image inside the x -z
ground.

 Now the potentials and fields at far – off point P are same as those
1 obtained for the half wave dipole, we derive
Quarter Wave Monopole
 The reflected rays can be direct
imagined as rays that emerge reflected
P
from the image source z

 The fields are same as that 

4
obtained in a half wave dipole

 
cos  cos   

4
 jr Image source
H 
jI 0 e 2 
2r sin  -z

 jr

cos  cos   
E  
jI 0 e 2 
2 2r sin 
Quarter Wave Monopole
 The total power radiated is one half of that radiated by the half
wave dipole, since the power is only radiated in the hemisphere

above the ground 0   
2

2
36.56 I o
Prad   18.28I 0 2

2
 The radiation resistance is also one half of half wave dipole
2P rad and input impedance
Rr   36.5
I0
2
Z i n  36.5  j21.25

3 Dr. Yogesh Kumar Chouk

Monopole
Magnetic field (Far-Field)

Electric field (Far-Field)

4 Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker

Magnetic Dipole Antenna
 Let us assume a filamentary current loop of radius 0.

 Let this wire carry a uniform current z P

I  I 0 cost
r
 The magnetic vector potential at the r’
point P due to the above current is I 

A 
[I ]
dL
dl y
0
4 L r'
Where [I] is the retarded current at P x
given as
[I ]  Re{I 0 e j t r '
}
 In phasor form, the magnetic vector potential can be written as
 e  jr'
As   0 
I
dL
5 4 L r'
Magnetic Dipole Antenna
 Integrating the previous equation is elaborate, but for a small
loop 0 << , r’ can be replaced with r. The magnetic vector
potential has only a  component, as the current in the loop.

As  
I 0 S 1  jr e  jr sin 
4r2
Where S  20 is the area of the loop
 Now the magnetic field can be obtained from H 
1
  A 


 j
I0 S cos   1

j   jr
e
H sr  3 
2 r
2
r 

 j
I0 S sin   j   1 j   jr
H s 4  r r 2  r 3  e
6 
Magnetic Dipole Antenna
1
 Similarly Electric field is obtained as E    H 
j

j
I0 S sin   j 

1   jr
e
E s  2 
4 r r 

E s r  E s   H s  0

 The radiation resistance for free space is given as

3404 S 2
Rr 
4

7
Magnetic Dipole Antenna
Electric field (Far-Field)

Magnetic field (Far-Field)

8 Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukiker

Radiation Region
 The radiation regions can be classified as
3
l
1. Reactive Near-Field Region 0.62
  r 0
2. Radiating Near-Field (Fresnel) Region
2 3
2 l  r  0.62 l
 
3. Radiating Far-Field (Fraunhofer) Region

r2
2
l

Where l is the largest dimension of the antenna
9
Radiation Region

10 Dr. Yogesh Kumar Choukik

Problems

1. A Hertzian dipole of length l   is located at the origin

100
and is fed with a current of 0.25 sin 108t A. Determine the
magnetic field at
(i) r   ,   30 0 (ii) r  200, 60 0
5
2. An electric field strength of 10V/m is to be measured at an
observation point  = /2, 500 km from a half wave dipole
antenna operating in air at 50 MHz. Find
(a) Length of the dipole (b) Current that must be fed to antenna
(c) Average power radiated by the antenna (d) VSWR, if the antenna
is connected to a 75  cable.

11