Standby Earth fault Relay Working Function:

Consider the Current in the three phases are I1, I2, and I3 the natural
current is IN. During Normal condition, there is zero current flow in the
neutral.

Apply Kirchhoff’s current law,

I1 + I2 + I3 = IN = 0

The relay does not operate the trip circuit associated with the relay.

During the abnormal conditions, for example, there is a fault in phase R,

hence the unbalance fault current goes to the Neutral.

The current transformer reads the unbalance fault current and if the fault
current exceeds the preset value, the relay operates.