TEKNOLOGI ELEKTRIK

BBP 10203
 TOPIC

KIRCHOFF’S LAW
Introduction
 Ohm's Law described the relationship between
current, voltage, and resistance. These circuits
have been relatively simple in nature.
 Many circuits are extremely complex and
cannot be solved with Ohm's Law. These circuits
have many power sources and branches which
would make the use of Ohm's Law impractical or
impossible.
 Kirchhoff’s Law is an important algebraic in
solving the currents and voltages of the circuit.
Definition
 Node – A point or junction in a circuit where
two or more components connect.
 Loop – A closed path in a circuit.
 Voltage drop – The voltage between any two
specific points of an electrical conductor.
 Branch – A single or group of components
such as resistors or a source which are
connected between two nodes.
Parts
Kirchhoff can be divided into two parts:

 Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)

 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL)
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL)
Kirchhoff's current law states that the algebraic sum
of the currents entering at a node (i.e., any junction of
wires) equals the sum of the currents leaving that node.
Or the algebraic sum of all currents at any node
in a circuit is equal to zero.
 Current In =  Current
I1
Out
I1= I2+I3
i.e. I 1 + (- I 2 ) + (- I 3 ) = 0
I2 I3
 = 0
Kirchhoff’s Current Law (Example)

I4 = 3A
I5 = 1A
I3

I1 = 2A
I2 = 5A

Refer to the figure above, calculate current I3.

Kirchhoff’s Current Law (Example)
Solution

Current entering node : I1 = 2A , I2 = 5A

Current leaving node : I3 = ?, I4 = 3A, I5 = 1A

Using Kirchhoff’s Current Law,

Current entering node = Current leaving node

I1 + I2 = I3 + I4 + I5
I3 = I1 + I2 - I4 - I5
=2+5-3-1
=3A
 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law
Kirchhoff‘s Voltage Law states that the sum of voltage
drop is equal to the total source voltage.
Or the algebraic sum of voltage source and voltage
drop in a circuit is zero.
R1 Voltage equation
I + - VS = VR1 + VR2 + VR3
+

VR1
or
VS VR2 R2

VR3
VS – VR1 – VR2 – VR3 = 0
-

- +

R3
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (Example)

R 1

I + -

+
V R 1 = 4 V

V = 8 V R 2
V S
R 2

V R 3 = 6 V
-

-
+

R 3

Refer to the figure above, calculate the

voltage source VS..
Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (Example)

Solution

Using Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

VS – VR1 – VR2 – VR3 = 0
VS = VR1 + VR2 + VR3
=4 + 8 + 6
= 18 V
Example 1
Find the current value of I1, I2 and I3

R 1= 5Ω
I1 I2 R 2=2 Ω

I3

Loop 1 Loop 2
R 3=3 Ω R 4= 4 Ω
E = 12 v
Example 2
Find the current through the resistor 120 Ω,
240 Ω ND 200 Ω by using Kirchoff Law.

R1 = 120 Ω R2 = 240 Ω

+ +
R3 E2
E1 = 6V
- 200 Ω 12 V
-
I1

Example 3
Refer on the below diagram find the value of : -
Currents I1, I2, I3, I4 and I5 using Kirchhoff’s
Law.
I2
100 20
I3
I1
20
I4
100
40

I5

10V
Thank You