Matter: Anything that takes up

mass and space

100 C and above

Melting point is 0 *C
Freezing point is and above
anything below 0 C

What is the state of matter of temperature 40 *C? Liquid

What is the state of matter of temperature 110 *C? Gas

What is the state of matter of temperature -20 *C? Solid

 Energy must be added or removed to change a substance from one state of matter to another

As the pressure increase the gas particles becomes

closer together. But if the pressure was not pushed all
the way down then it will look like B

A B
C

Note: Pure substances (always) have the same makeup throughout (pure substances often occur
naturally.

Mixtures forms when two or more substances are physically combined. All the substances keep
their physical properties.
A Compound are two or more elements chemically combined. The properties of a compound are
entirely different from the properties of the element that make up the compound.

Ex. Water is a compound (pure substance) which is elements hydrogen and Oxygen chemically
combined. However water(h2O) does not have the same properties of the elements hydrogen
and oxygen on the periodic table.

Mixture Vs. Compound

Substance A Substance B

Which substance is A compound?

Which Substance is a Mixture? How can you tell the difference?

 Matter: Anything that has mass or takes
space. Matter can be categorized as a pure
substance or a mixture

Note: All elements on the periodic table are chemical elements. All Elements on the Periodic
table are Pure Substances. Try it yourself. Ex. Carbon (C)

There are 18 groups on the periodic table. (all elements in the same group has similar
properties)

Each chemical element has its own chemical symbol and atomic number.

The Atomic number of each element = Number of protons in each element Ex. If Element
Ag(Sliver) atomic number is 47 then there will be 47 protons inside of Element Ag(sliver)

Every Element will have

 18 groups vertically(up and down) have similar properties

Note: Subatomic Particles are Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons.

Protons and Neutrons are inside the nucleus. Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass (of each
element on the periodic table.

Protons and Electrons have both opposite charges but have equal number of ions (always to be
neutral).

If we were to
look at the
Nucleus
sun, moon,
and earth and
compare it to
the graph on
the left, what
is the sun
similar to?

Element Carbon