―

Answers for final airports ZOIT (7)

a1)

Estimate the wind coverage oヽ rea between the lines〕 ,wind cOverage=

4.6+65.4+1.1+3.2+7.7+2.2+1.3+4.9+2.4+2.6+0.3+0.2+〔 0.07+0.3+0.45+0.05+0.1+0.15+0.18+0.08+0.
4+0.02)=97.7%>95%′ .additional runway is not required

Q2A)
RL=2000*3.28=6560
1〕 COrrection due to Elevation
RLE=RL+RL*0.07(elevatiOn/1000〕
RLE=6560+6560*0.07(600*3.280/1000)
=7463.7 ft

a
の=w9P
ΔT=Trn― Ts=65‐ 51.79=13.21 FO
 RLET=RLE+RLE*△ T*0.005
LBRW=7463.7 +7463.7*13.21*0.005=7956.67 ft

3〕 COrreCtion due tO Effective Gradient

RLETG=RLET+RLET*GO/0*0.1
2500*3.28=7956.67+795667*g*0.1
G=(2475*3.28-7956.67)/7956.67*0.1=0.20

Q2B〕

1) R180 Tυ r"=b.tan(9o_β )+t/2

=25.6 tan〔 90-50)+11/2=26.98_‐ 27 rn

2)The characteristics Ofaircraft are important factOrs for the design Ofthe airport,such as:

1. A〕 〔 ensl° ns are impOrtant fOr the purpOse of airport design

1子 l:I:ilf:ll「 :l尾 1:貿

The rθ り山げθηαFrcrartお グ グη θグasめ θグお ε θfrOm ι ヵθ ルο ηιup oftheル sθ ノ

"η
%θ ο
r
maFη わ
θクげ肋θαFκ rtt tO ttθ baε 々θη
∂0/油 θtail secttOn,known as the θ
mρ θηη ttθ
.… .The lenLrth Ofan aircraFt is used tO:
〕 To deternline the length Of an aircraft's parking area and hangars

'I翼
airield
軍蒲
ユWttI翻 ]蹴 牌
『』fFttbttnvedepattuttsp∝
day is used
rescue and「 lrenghting equipment On the

2)Wing span:
Th:1『 rθ な り ηθごas ι
け 力θグなι
θηεθノ
7ο し
ν,■ 9Jρ tO VVingtip Ofthe
lF:II:111:lI[[′ “
The wingspan Ofan aircraftis used tO:

Determine the width Ofaircraft parking areas and gate spacing.

Deternline the width and separatiOns Ofrunways and taxivvays On the airneld.

Height:The“ α χノ切υ ヵθ む力ι(√ θηα′

3〕
″rarな ケρたθ′ ヶグげ7η θ グθ s ttθ グ
“ な ε θfrom the
grOund tO the tOp ofthe aircraft's tail sectiOn. The height Ofaircraft is necessary tO "η
deterlnine the height Of hangers used for aircraft maintenance.

4)VVheei base

The wheelbase ofan aircraftis defined as the distance beb″

een the center Ofthe
aircraFt'slnain landing gear and the center Ofits nOse gear.

5〕 Wheel track
 The wheel track is defined as the distance between the outer wheels of an aircraft's
main landing gear. The wheelbase and wheel track of an aircraft are important in
determining the minimum turning radius.

2. Weight
3. Wheelconfiguration
4. Capacity
5. Runway length

3)
a) F):
The airport apron is the area ofan airport where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded,
refueled, or bo;rrded.
b)F):
Visibility is less than -3miles OR when the airspace of the airport is controlled and the
ceiling is less than 100Oft.
C)T
dJF);
A stopway is an area beyond the runway designated by the airport authority for use in
e):
F): single-wheel configuration, defined as a main gear of having a total of two wheels, one
on each strut.

3
 Q3/ A-

1- Gradients: Normally tracks with gradients of 3% or

more are considered mountain tracks.
2- Gauge: Normally narrow gauges with gauge
widths of 762 mm or 610 mm are adopted for
mountain railways.
3 curvature: The curvature of mountain tracks is very sharp. curvatures
of up to 40" are
normally adopted.
4 Alignment: Mountain alignment is quite zigzag and not straight
in order to gain heights
easily' The type of alignments normally followed
is zigzag,switch-back, and spiral.
B-

The wheels of rocomotrve sroped or coned

at a srope of 1 in 20, in order to keep the
between inside edges of wheel flanges (B) distance
less than the gauge (G). This results
in a gap of 1 cm
between flange and running face of rail.

Advantages of coning:

1- Reduce the wear and tear of wheelflanges

and rails.
2- to provide possibirity of raterar movement
of the axre with its wheers.
.3- to prevent the slipping of wheels.

c-

R=L750/ D= I75O/ 3 =5g3.33 m

E= G*V2/L27*R

E= 105g*(90)r/ tzl* 5g3.33= Lt8.47 mm= Cth

Ca= Ctn - Ca= 118.47-80= 3g.47 mm...<

50, ok
L= 0.008(ca*vm)
=g.gg8 * gO + 90
=57.6 m
L= 0.008(cd*vm) =g.ggg * 3g.47* 90
=27.7 m
L= 0.72*ca=0.72*gO
=57.6 m

Then, t=57.G 60 m

Shift= L2124 *x= (6o)2/zq+

583.33= 0.257 m= 25.7 cm.
 Q4/A‐

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Gradients and curves

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R= 1750/D= 7750/t= t75O

fq branch line
R= t75O/Z= B7S for main line

The theoretical cantforbranch line E= c*v2/I27*R= ITSO*452/

727+L7so=15.94 mm=
Then the actual cant= 1G= 20 mm
Ct_Cd= 20_75= _ 55 mm
The actual cant for
main line will be= 55
mm
丁he maximurn permissible speed on the rnain line:―

The theoretical cant=Ca+Cd=55+75=130 rnm

130=1750*V2/127*875
5=91〓
V=90.8=90 Km/hr.¨ ¨.Or V=0.27*[(Ca+Cd)*R105=。 .27*〔 130*8751° 90 Km/hr