ENGLISH 105

M ULTI LING UA LISM

Multilingualism is a common and increasing phenomenon in present day society which can be studied from
different perspectives.
Based on the ideology based on the traditional proposition that
A race = a culture = a language
Into the extended features are different varieties of multilingualism on topic such as
bilingual and trilingual
Bilingualism and Trilingualism is the ability to speak or write fluently two languages (bilingualism) or three
languages (trilingualism).
People may become bilingual or trilingual either by acquiring two or three languages at the same time in
childhood or learning a second language sometime after acquiring their first language
The inconveniences that may have to be bilingual or trilingual the 'cost' of bilingualism/trilingualism is that they
may have smaller vocabularies in each language.

BILINGUALISM. TYPES AND WAYS OF ACQUISITION.

 Types
Additive bilingualism
Subtractive bilingualism
 Ways
Simultaneous acquisition
Sequential acquisition

RECEPTIVE BILINGUALISM
People who can understand a language but they cannot speak it.

COGNITIVE PROCESSING
It is a collection of elements which made possible the fact of memorization, thinking, remembering or
learning.

HOW TO APPROACH TO MULTILINGUALISM?

 Sequential bilingualism:
 In this model, learners receive literacy instruction in their native language until they acquire a certain
literacy proficiency. Bilingualism is carried out after this.
 Causes: migration, L2 School, etc.
 To summarize, the children would learn the native language (L1) at first, and later the second language
(L2), hence the name of sequential bilingualism.

 Simultaneous bilingualism:
 Simultaneous bilingualism refers to the action of receiving language input from two different languages at
the same time since a very early age or even since birth.
 SIMULTANEOUS VS SEQUENTIAL
 Simultaneous
 Two languages in the same environments (two expressions for the same notion)
 Sequential
 two language in different contexts (an expression or word in separated and independent systems)

 Coordinated bilingualism:
 The aim is to spend equal time in separate instruction of the native language and of the community
language.
 L1 - Basic literacy
 L2- Specific skills
 I.e. People who are able to perform a language orally but cannot create a written composition, or the other
way round: people who can write in one language but cannot speak it, at least, fluently